Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/visual.txt @ 2373:f149bb1cf5be vim73
Make it possible to load Lua dynamically on Unix. (Luis Carvalho)
author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
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date | Thu, 22 Jul 2010 21:32:16 +0200 |
parents | 12b829477c60 |
children | f766a1c87f69 |
rev | line source |
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2345 | 1 *visual.txt* For Vim version 7.3b. Last change: 2010 Feb 17 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Visual mode *Visual* *Visual-mode* *visual-mode* | |
8 | |
9 Visual mode is a flexible and easy way to select a piece of text for an | |
10 operator. It is the only way to select a block of text. | |
11 | |
12 This is introduced in section |04.4| of the user manual. | |
13 | |
14 1. Using Visual mode |visual-use| | |
15 2. Starting and stopping Visual mode |visual-start| | |
16 3. Changing the Visual area |visual-change| | |
17 4. Operating on the Visual area |visual-operators| | |
18 5. Blockwise operators |blockwise-operators| | |
19 6. Repeating |visual-repeat| | |
20 7. Examples |visual-examples| | |
21 8. Select mode |Select-mode| | |
22 | |
23 {Vi has no Visual mode, the name "visual" is used for Normal mode, to | |
24 distinguish it from Ex mode} | |
25 {not available when the |+visual| feature was disabled when compiling} | |
26 | |
27 ============================================================================== | |
28 1. Using Visual mode *visual-use* | |
29 | |
30 Using Visual mode consists of three parts: | |
31 1. Mark the start of the text with "v", "V" or CTRL-V. | |
32 The character under the cursor will be used as the start. | |
33 2. Move to the end of the text. | |
34 The text from the start of the Visual mode up to and including the | |
35 character under the cursor is highlighted. | |
36 3. Type an operator command. | |
37 The highlighted characters will be operated upon. | |
38 | |
39 The 'highlight' option can be used to set the display mode to use for | |
40 highlighting in Visual mode. | |
41 The 'virtualedit' option can be used to allow positioning the cursor to | |
42 positions where there is no actual character. | |
43 | |
44 The highlighted text normally includes the character under the cursor. | |
45 However, when the 'selection' option is set to "exclusive" and the cursor is | |
46 after the Visual area, the character under the cursor is not included. | |
47 | |
48 With "v" the text before the start position and after the end position will | |
42 | 49 not be highlighted. However, all uppercase and non-alpha operators, except |
7 | 50 "~" and "U", will work on whole lines anyway. See the list of operators |
51 below. | |
52 | |
53 *visual-block* | |
54 With CTRL-V (blockwise Visual mode) the highlighted text will be a rectangle | |
55 between start position and the cursor. However, some operators work on whole | |
56 lines anyway (see the list below). The change and substitute operators will | |
57 delete the highlighted text and then start insertion at the top left | |
58 position. | |
59 | |
60 ============================================================================== | |
61 2. Starting and stopping Visual mode *visual-start* | |
62 | |
63 *v* *characterwise-visual* | |
64 v start Visual mode per character. | |
65 | |
66 *V* *linewise-visual* | |
67 V start Visual mode linewise. | |
68 | |
69 *CTRL-V* *blockwise-visual* | |
70 CTRL-V start Visual mode blockwise. Note: Under Windows | |
71 CTRL-V could be mapped to paste text, it doesn't work | |
72 to start Visual mode then, see |CTRL-V-alternative|. | |
73 | |
74 If you use <Esc>, click the left mouse button or use any command that | |
75 does a jump to another buffer while in Visual mode, the highlighting stops | |
76 and no text is affected. Also when you hit "v" in characterwise Visual mode, | |
77 "CTRL-V" in blockwise Visual mode or "V" in linewise Visual mode. If you hit | |
78 CTRL-Z the highlighting stops and the editor is suspended or a new shell is | |
79 started |CTRL-Z|. | |
80 | |
81 new mode after typing: *v_v* *v_CTRL-V* *v_V* | |
82 old mode "v" "CTRL-V" "V" ~ | |
83 | |
84 Normal Visual blockwise Visual linewise Visual | |
85 Visual Normal blockwise Visual linewise Visual | |
86 blockwise Visual Visual Normal linewise Visual | |
87 linewise Visual Visual blockwise Visual Normal | |
88 | |
548 | 89 *gv* *v_gv* *reselect-Visual* |
7 | 90 gv Start Visual mode with the same area as the previous |
236 | 91 area and the same mode. |
92 In Visual mode the current and the previous Visual | |
93 area are exchanged. | |
94 After using "p" or "P" in Visual mode the text that | |
95 was put will be selected. | |
7 | 96 |
97 *<LeftMouse>* | |
98 <LeftMouse> Set the current cursor position. If Visual mode is | |
99 active it is stopped. Only when 'mouse' option is | |
100 contains 'n' or 'a'. If the position is within 'so' | |
101 lines from the last line on the screen the text is | |
102 scrolled up. If the position is within 'so' lines from | |
103 the first line on the screen the text is scrolled | |
104 down. | |
105 | |
106 *<RightMouse>* | |
107 <RightMouse> Start Visual mode if it is not active. The text from | |
108 the cursor position to the position of the click is | |
109 highlighted. If Visual mode was already active move | |
110 the start or end of the highlighted text, which ever | |
111 is closest, to the position of the click. Only when | |
112 'mouse' option contains 'n' or 'a'. | |
113 | |
114 Note: when 'mousemodel' is set to "popup", | |
115 <S-LeftMouse> has to be used instead of <RightMouse>. | |
116 | |
117 *<LeftRelease>* | |
118 <LeftRelease> This works like a <LeftMouse>, if it is not at | |
119 the same position as <LeftMouse>. In an older version | |
120 of xterm you won't see the selected area until the | |
121 button is released, unless there is access to the | |
122 display where the xterm is running (via the DISPLAY | |
123 environment variable or the -display argument). Only | |
124 when 'mouse' option contains 'n' or 'a'. | |
125 | |
126 If Visual mode is not active and the "v", "V" or CTRL-V is preceded with a | |
127 count, the size of the previously highlighted area is used for a start. You | |
128 can then move the end of the highlighted area and give an operator. The type | |
129 of the old area is used (character, line or blockwise). | |
130 - Linewise Visual mode: The number of lines is multiplied with the count. | |
131 - Blockwise Visual mode: The number of lines and columns is multiplied with | |
132 the count. | |
133 - Normal Visual mode within one line: The number of characters is multiplied | |
134 with the count. | |
135 - Normal Visual mode with several lines: The number of lines is multiplied | |
136 with the count, in the last line the same number of characters is used as | |
137 in the last line in the previously highlighted area. | |
138 The start of the text is the Cursor position. If the "$" command was used as | |
139 one of the last commands to extend the highlighted text, the area will be | |
140 extended to the rightmost column of the longest line. | |
141 | |
142 If you want to highlight exactly the same area as the last time, you can use | |
143 "gv" |gv| |v_gv|. | |
144 | |
42 | 145 *v_<Esc>* |
146 <Esc> In Visual mode: Stop Visual mode. | |
147 | |
7 | 148 *v_CTRL-C* |
149 CTRL-C In Visual mode: Stop Visual mode. When insert mode is | |
150 pending (the mode message shows | |
151 "-- (insert) VISUAL --"), it is also stopped. | |
152 | |
153 ============================================================================== | |
154 3. Changing the Visual area *visual-change* | |
155 | |
156 *v_o* | |
157 o Go to Other end of highlighted text: The current | |
158 cursor position becomes the start of the highlighted | |
159 text and the cursor is moved to the other end of the | |
160 highlighted text. The highlighted area remains the | |
161 same. | |
162 | |
163 *v_O* | |
164 O Go to Other end of highlighted text. This is like | |
165 "o", but in Visual block mode the cursor moves to the | |
166 other corner in the same line. When the corner is at | |
167 a character that occupies more than one position on | |
168 the screen (e.g., a <Tab>), the highlighted text may | |
169 change. | |
170 | |
171 *v_$* | |
172 When the "$" command is used with blockwise Visual mode, the right end of the | |
173 highlighted text will be determined by the longest highlighted line. This | |
174 stops when a motion command is used that does not move straight up or down. | |
175 | |
176 For moving the end of the block many commands can be used, but you cannot | |
177 use Ex commands, commands that make changes or abandon the file. Commands | |
1121 | 178 (starting with) ".", "&", CTRL-^, "Z", CTRL-], CTRL-T, CTRL-R, CTRL-I |
7 | 179 and CTRL-O cause a beep and Visual mode continues. |
180 | |
181 When switching to another window on the same buffer, the cursor position in | |
182 that window is adjusted, so that the same Visual area is still selected. This | |
183 is especially useful to view the start of the Visual area in one window, and | |
184 the end in another. You can then use <RightMouse> (or <S-LeftMouse> when | |
42 | 185 'mousemodel' is "popup") to drag either end of the Visual area. |
7 | 186 |
187 ============================================================================== | |
188 4. Operating on the Visual area *visual-operators* | |
189 | |
190 The operators that can be used are: | |
191 ~ switch case |v_~| | |
192 d delete |v_d| | |
193 c change (4) |v_c| | |
194 y yank |v_y| | |
195 > shift right (4) |v_>| | |
196 < shift left (4) |v_<| | |
197 ! filter through external command (1) |v_!| | |
198 = filter through 'equalprg' option command (1) |v_=| | |
199 gq format lines to 'textwidth' length (1) |v_gq| | |
200 | |
201 The objects that can be used are: | |
202 aw a word (with white space) |v_aw| | |
203 iw inner word |v_iw| | |
204 aW a WORD (with white space) |v_aW| | |
205 iW inner WORD |v_iW| | |
206 as a sentence (with white space) |v_as| | |
207 is inner sentence |v_is| | |
208 ap a paragraph (with white space) |v_ap| | |
209 ip inner paragraph |v_ip| | |
210 ab a () block (with parenthesis) |v_ab| | |
211 ib inner () block |v_ib| | |
212 aB a {} block (with braces) |v_aB| | |
213 iB inner {} block |v_iB| | |
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214 at a <tag> </tag> block (with tags) |v_at| |
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215 it inner <tag> </tag> block |v_it| |
7 | 216 a< a <> block (with <>) |v_a<| |
217 i< inner <> block |v_i<| | |
218 a[ a [] block (with []) |v_a[| | |
219 i[ inner [] block |v_i[| | |
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220 a" a double quoted string (with quotes) |v_aquote| |
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221 i" inner double quoted string |v_iquote| |
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222 a' a single quoted string (with quotes) |v_a'| |
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223 i' inner simple quoted string |v_i'| |
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224 a` a string in backticks (with backticks) |v_a`| |
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225 i` inner string in backticks |v_i`| |
7 | 226 |
227 Additionally the following commands can be used: | |
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228 : start Ex command for highlighted lines (1) |v_:| |
7 | 229 r change (4) |v_r| |
230 s change |v_s| | |
231 C change (2)(4) |v_C| | |
232 S change (2) |v_S| | |
233 R change (2) |v_R| | |
234 x delete |v_x| | |
235 D delete (3) |v_D| | |
236 X delete (2) |v_X| | |
237 Y yank (2) |v_Y| | |
238 p put |v_p| | |
239 J join (1) |v_J| | |
240 U make uppercase |v_U| | |
241 u make lowercase |v_u| | |
242 ^] find tag |v_CTRL-]| | |
243 I block insert |v_b_I| | |
244 A block append |v_b_A| | |
245 | |
246 (1): Always whole lines, see |:visual_example|. | |
247 (2): Whole lines when not using CTRL-V. | |
248 (3): Whole lines when not using CTRL-V, delete until the end of the line when | |
249 using CTRL-V. | |
250 (4): When using CTRL-V operates on the block only. | |
251 | |
252 Note that the ":vmap" command can be used to specifically map keys in Visual | |
253 mode. For example, if you would like the "/" command not to extend the Visual | |
254 area, but instead take the highlighted text and search for that: > | |
255 :vmap / y/<C-R>"<CR> | |
256 (In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you | |
257 need to remove the 'B' and '<' flags from 'cpoptions'.) | |
258 | |
259 If you want to give a register name using the """ command, do this just before | |
260 typing the operator character: "v{move-around}"xd". | |
261 | |
262 If you want to give a count to the command, do this just before typing the | |
263 operator character: "v{move-around}3>" (move lines 3 indents to the right). | |
264 | |
265 *{move-around}* | |
266 The {move-around} is any sequence of movement commands. Note the difference | |
267 with {motion}, which is only ONE movement command. | |
268 | |
638 | 269 Another way to operate on the Visual area is using the |/\%V| item in a |
270 pattern. For example, to replace all '(' in the Visual area with '#': > | |
271 | |
272 :%s/\%V(/X/g | |
273 | |
7 | 274 ============================================================================== |
275 5. Blockwise operators *blockwise-operators* | |
276 | |
277 {not available when compiled without the |+visualextra| feature} | |
278 | |
279 Reminder: Use 'virtualedit' to be able to select blocks that start or end | |
280 after the end of a line or halfway a tab. | |
281 | |
282 Visual-block Insert *v_b_I* | |
283 With a blockwise selection, I{string}<ESC> will insert {string} at the start | |
284 of block on every line of the block, provided that the line extends into the | |
285 block. Thus lines that are short will remain unmodified. TABs are split to | |
286 retain visual columns. | |
287 See |v_b_I_example|. | |
288 | |
289 Visual-block Append *v_b_A* | |
290 With a blockwise selection, A{string}<ESC> will append {string} to the end of | |
236 | 291 block on every line of the block. There is some differing behavior where the |
7 | 292 block RHS is not straight, due to different line lengths: |
293 | |
294 1. Block was created with <C-v>$ | |
295 In this case the string is appended to the end of each line. | |
296 2. Block was created with <C-v>{move-around} | |
297 In this case the string is appended to the end of the block on each line, | |
298 and whitespace is inserted to pad to the end-of-block column. | |
299 See |v_b_A_example|. | |
300 Note: "I" and "A" behave differently for lines that don't extend into the | |
301 selected block. This was done intentionally, so that you can do it the way | |
302 you want. | |
303 | |
304 Visual-block change *v_b_c* | |
305 All selected text in the block will be replaced by the same text string. When | |
306 using "c" the selected text is deleted and Insert mode started. You can then | |
307 enter text (without a line break). When you hit <Esc>, the same string is | |
308 inserted in all previously selected lines. | |
309 | |
310 Visual-block Change *v_b_C* | |
311 Like using "c", but the selection is extended until the end of the line for | |
312 all lines. | |
313 | |
314 *v_b_<* | |
315 Visual-block Shift *v_b_>* | |
236 | 316 The block is shifted by 'shiftwidth'. The RHS of the block is irrelevant. The |
7 | 317 LHS of the block determines the point from which to apply a right shift, and |
236 | 318 padding includes TABs optimally according to 'ts' and 'et'. The LHS of the |
7 | 319 block determines the point upto which to shift left. |
320 See |v_b_>_example|. | |
321 See |v_b_<_example|. | |
322 | |
323 Visual-block Replace *v_b_r* | |
324 Every screen char in the highlighted region is replaced with the same char, ie | |
325 TABs are split and the virtual whitespace is replaced, maintaining screen | |
326 layout. | |
327 See |v_b_r_example|. | |
328 | |
329 | |
330 ============================================================================== | |
331 6. Repeating *visual-repeat* | |
332 | |
333 When repeating a Visual mode operator, the operator will be applied to the | |
334 same amount of text as the last time: | |
335 - Linewise Visual mode: The same number of lines. | |
336 - Blockwise Visual mode: The same number of lines and columns. | |
337 - Normal Visual mode within one line: The same number of characters. | |
338 - Normal Visual mode with several lines: The same number of lines, in the | |
339 last line the same number of characters as in the last line the last time. | |
340 The start of the text is the Cursor position. If the "$" command was used as | |
341 one of the last commands to extend the highlighted text, the repeating will | |
342 be applied up to the rightmost column of the longest line. | |
343 | |
344 | |
345 ============================================================================== | |
346 7. Examples *visual-examples* | |
347 | |
348 *:visual_example* | |
349 Currently the ":" command works on whole lines only. When you select part of | |
350 a line, doing something like ":!date" will replace the whole line. If you | |
351 want only part of the line to be replaced you will have to make a mapping for | |
352 it. In a future release ":" may work on partial lines. | |
353 | |
354 Here is an example, to replace the selected text with the output of "date": > | |
355 :vmap _a <Esc>`>a<CR><Esc>`<i<CR><Esc>!!date<CR>kJJ | |
356 | |
357 (In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you | |
358 need to remove the 'B' and '<' flags from 'cpoptions') | |
359 | |
360 What this does is: | |
361 <Esc> stop Visual mode | |
362 `> go to the end of the Visual area | |
363 a<CR><Esc> break the line after the Visual area | |
364 `< jump to the start of the Visual area | |
365 i<CR><Esc> break the line before the Visual area | |
366 !!date<CR> filter the Visual text through date | |
367 kJJ Join the lines back together | |
368 | |
369 *visual-search* | |
370 Here is an idea for a mapping that makes it possible to do a search for the | |
371 selected text: > | |
372 :vmap X y/<C-R>"<CR> | |
373 | |
374 (In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you | |
375 need to remove the 'B' and '<' flags from 'cpoptions') | |
376 | |
377 Note that special characters (like '.' and '*') will cause problems. | |
378 | |
379 Visual-block Examples *blockwise-examples* | |
380 With the following text, I will indicate the commands to produce the block and | |
236 | 381 the results below. In all cases, the cursor begins on the 'a' in the first |
42 | 382 line of the test text. |
7 | 383 The following modeline settings are assumed ":ts=8:sw=4:". |
384 | |
385 It will be helpful to | |
386 :set hls | |
387 /<TAB> | |
236 | 388 where <TAB> is a real TAB. This helps visualise the operations. |
7 | 389 |
390 The test text is: | |
391 | |
392 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
393 abc defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
394 abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
395 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
396 | |
397 1. fo<C-v>3jISTRING<ESC> *v_b_I_example* | |
398 | |
399 abcdefghijklmnSTRINGopqrstuvwxyz | |
400 abc STRING defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
401 abcdef ghi STRING jklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
402 abcdefghijklmnSTRINGopqrstuvwxyz | |
403 | |
404 2. fo<C-v>3j$ASTRING<ESC> *v_b_A_example* | |
405 | |
406 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING | |
407 abc defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING | |
408 abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING | |
409 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING | |
410 | |
411 3. fo<C-v>3j3l<.. *v_b_<_example* | |
412 | |
413 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
414 abc defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
415 abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
416 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
417 | |
418 4. fo<C-v>3j>.. *v_b_>_example* | |
419 | |
420 abcdefghijklmn opqrstuvwxyz | |
421 abc defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
422 abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
423 abcdefghijklmn opqrstuvwxyz | |
424 | |
425 5. fo<C-v>5l3jrX *v_b_r_example* | |
426 | |
427 abcdefghijklmnXXXXXXuvwxyz | |
428 abc XXXXXXhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
429 abcdef ghi XXXXXX jklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
430 abcdefghijklmnXXXXXXuvwxyz | |
431 | |
432 ============================================================================== | |
433 8. Select mode *Select* *Select-mode* | |
434 | |
435 Select mode looks like Visual mode, but the commands accepted are quite | |
436 different. This resembles the selection mode in Microsoft Windows. | |
437 When the 'showmode' option is set, "-- SELECT --" is shown in the last line. | |
438 | |
439 Entering Select mode: | |
440 - Using the mouse to select an area, and 'selectmode' contains "mouse". | |
441 'mouse' must also contain a flag for the current mode. | |
442 - Using a non-printable movement command, with the Shift key pressed, and | |
443 'selectmode' contains "key". For example: <S-Left> and <S-End>. 'keymodel' | |
444 must also contain "startsel". | |
445 - Using "v", "V" or CTRL-V command, and 'selectmode' contains "cmd". | |
446 - Using "gh", "gH" or "g_CTRL-H" command in Normal mode. | |
447 - From Visual mode, press CTRL-G. *v_CTRL-G* | |
448 | |
449 Commands in Select mode: | |
450 - Printable characters, <NL> and <CR> cause the selection to be deleted, and | |
451 Vim enters Insert mode. The typed character is inserted. | |
452 - Non-printable movement commands, with the Shift key pressed, extend the | |
453 selection. 'keymodel' must include "startsel". | |
454 - Non-printable movement commands, with the Shift key NOT pressed, stop Select | |
455 mode. 'keymodel' must include "stopsel". | |
456 - ESC stops Select mode. | |
457 - CTRL-O switches to Visual mode for the duration of one command. *v_CTRL-O* | |
458 - CTRL-G switches to Visual mode. | |
459 | |
460 Otherwise, typed characters are handled as in Visual mode. | |
461 | |
462 When using an operator in Select mode, and the selection is linewise, the | |
463 selected lines are operated upon, but like in characterwise selection. For | |
464 example, when a whole line is deleted, it can later be pasted halfway a line. | |
465 | |
466 | |
467 Mappings and menus in Select mode. *Select-mode-mapping* | |
468 | |
788 | 469 When mappings and menus are defined with the |:vmap| or |:vmenu| command they |
470 work both in Visual mode and in Select mode. When these are used in Select | |
471 mode Vim automatically switches to Visual mode, so that the same behavior as | |
472 in Visual mode is effective. If you don't want this use |:xmap| or |:smap|. | |
7 | 473 |
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474 Users will expect printable characters to replace the selected area. |
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475 Therefore avoid mapping printable characters in Select mode. Or use |
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476 |:sunmap| after |:map| and |:vmap| to remove it for Select mode. |
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477 |
7 | 478 After the mapping or menu finishes, the selection is enabled again and Select |
479 mode entered, unless the selected area was deleted, another buffer became | |
480 the current one or the window layout was changed. | |
481 | |
482 When a character was typed that causes the selection to be deleted and Insert | |
483 mode started, Insert mode mappings are applied to this character. This may | |
484 cause some confusion, because it means Insert mode mappings apply to a | |
485 character typed in Select mode. Language mappings apply as well. | |
486 | |
487 *gV* *v_gV* | |
488 gV Avoid the automatic reselection of the Visual area | |
489 after a Select mode mapping or menu has finished. | |
490 Put this just before the end of the mapping or menu. | |
491 At least it should be after any operations on the | |
492 selection. | |
493 | |
494 *gh* | |
495 gh Start Select mode, characterwise. This is like "v", | |
496 but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode. | |
497 Mnemonic: "get highlighted". | |
498 | |
499 *gH* | |
500 gH Start Select mode, linewise. This is like "V", | |
501 but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode. | |
502 Mnemonic: "get Highlighted". | |
503 | |
504 *g_CTRL-H* | |
505 g CTRL-H Start Select mode, blockwise. This is like CTRL-V, | |
506 but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode. | |
507 Mnemonic: "get Highlighted". | |
508 | |
509 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |