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+*visual.txt*    For Vim version 7.0aa.  Last change: 2004 Jun 08
+
+
+		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar
+
+
+Visual mode				*Visual* *Visual-mode* *visual-mode*
+
+Visual mode is a flexible and easy way to select a piece of text for an
+operator.  It is the only way to select a block of text.
+
+This is introduced in section |04.4| of the user manual.
+
+1. Using Visual mode			|visual-use|
+2. Starting and stopping Visual mode	|visual-start|
+3. Changing the Visual area		|visual-change|
+4. Operating on the Visual area		|visual-operators|
+5. Blockwise operators			|blockwise-operators|
+6. Repeating				|visual-repeat|
+7. Examples				|visual-examples|
+8. Select mode				|Select-mode|
+
+{Vi has no Visual mode, the name "visual" is used for Normal mode, to
+distinguish it from Ex mode}
+{not available when the |+visual| feature was disabled when compiling}
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Using Visual mode					*visual-use*
+
+Using Visual mode consists of three parts:
+1. Mark the start of the text with "v", "V" or CTRL-V.
+   The character under the cursor will be used as the start.
+2. Move to the end of the text.
+   The text from the start of the Visual mode up to and including the
+   character under the cursor is highlighted.
+3. Type an operator command.
+   The highlighted characters will be operated upon.
+
+The 'highlight' option can be used to set the display mode to use for
+highlighting in Visual mode.
+The 'virtualedit' option can be used to allow positioning the cursor to
+positions where there is no actual character.
+
+The highlighted text normally includes the character under the cursor.
+However, when the 'selection' option is set to "exclusive" and the cursor is
+after the Visual area, the character under the cursor is not included.
+
+With "v" the text before the start position and after the end position will
+not be highlighted.  However, All uppercase and non-alpha operators, except
+"~" and "U", will work on whole lines anyway.  See the list of operators
+below.
+
+							*visual-block*
+With CTRL-V (blockwise Visual mode) the highlighted text will be a rectangle
+between start position and the cursor.  However, some operators work on whole
+lines anyway (see the list below).  The change and substitute operators will
+delete the highlighted text and then start insertion at the top left
+position.
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Starting and stopping Visual mode			*visual-start*
+
+						*v* *characterwise-visual*
+v			start Visual mode per character.
+
+						*V* *linewise-visual*
+V			start Visual mode linewise.
+
+						*CTRL-V* *blockwise-visual*
+CTRL-V			start Visual mode blockwise.  Note: Under Windows
+			CTRL-V could be mapped to paste text, it doesn't work
+			to start Visual mode then, see |CTRL-V-alternative|.
+
+If you use <Esc>, click the left mouse button or use any command that
+does a jump to another buffer while in Visual mode, the highlighting stops
+and no text is affected.  Also when you hit "v" in characterwise Visual mode,
+"CTRL-V" in blockwise Visual mode or "V" in linewise Visual mode.  If you hit
+CTRL-Z the highlighting stops and the editor is suspended or a new shell is
+started |CTRL-Z|.
+
+	      new mode after typing:		*v_v* *v_CTRL-V* *v_V*
+old mode	     "v"	      "CTRL-V"		     "V"	~
+
+Normal		    Visual	   blockwise Visual	  linewise Visual
+Visual		    Normal	   blockwise Visual	  linewise Visual
+blockwise Visual    Visual	   Normal		  linewise Visual
+linewise Visual     Visual	   blockwise Visual	  Normal
+
+							*gv* *v_gv*
+gv			Start Visual mode with the same area as the previous
+			area and the same mode.  In Visual mode the current and
+			the previous Visual area are exchanged.
+
+							*<LeftMouse>*
+<LeftMouse>		Set the current cursor position.  If Visual mode is
+			active it is stopped.  Only when 'mouse' option is
+			contains 'n' or 'a'.  If the position is within 'so'
+			lines from the last line on the screen the text is
+			scrolled up.  If the position is within 'so' lines from
+			the first line on the screen the text is scrolled
+			down.
+
+							*<RightMouse>*
+<RightMouse>		Start Visual mode if it is not active.  The text from
+			the cursor position to the position of the click is
+			highlighted.  If Visual mode was already active move
+			the start or end of the highlighted text, which ever
+			is closest, to the position of the click.  Only when
+			'mouse' option contains 'n' or 'a'.
+
+			Note: when 'mousemodel' is set to "popup",
+			<S-LeftMouse> has to be used instead of <RightMouse>.
+
+							*<LeftRelease>*
+<LeftRelease>		This works like a <LeftMouse>, if it is not at
+			the same position as <LeftMouse>.  In an older version
+			of xterm you won't see the selected area until the
+			button is released, unless there is access to the
+			display where the xterm is running (via the DISPLAY
+			environment variable or the -display argument).  Only
+			when 'mouse' option contains 'n' or 'a'.
+
+If Visual mode is not active and the "v", "V" or CTRL-V is preceded with a
+count, the size of the previously highlighted area is used for a start.  You
+can then move the end of the highlighted area and give an operator.  The type
+of the old area is used (character, line or blockwise).
+- Linewise Visual mode: The number of lines is multiplied with the count.
+- Blockwise Visual mode: The number of lines and columns is multiplied with
+  the count.
+- Normal Visual mode within one line: The number of characters is multiplied
+  with the count.
+- Normal Visual mode with several lines: The number of lines is multiplied
+  with the count, in the last line the same number of characters is used as
+  in the last line in the previously highlighted area.
+The start of the text is the Cursor position.  If the "$" command was used as
+one of the last commands to extend the highlighted text, the area will be
+extended to the rightmost column of the longest line.
+
+If you want to highlight exactly the same area as the last time, you can use
+"gv" |gv| |v_gv|.
+
+							*v_CTRL-C*
+CTRL-C			In Visual mode: Stop Visual mode.  When insert mode is
+			pending (the mode message shows
+			"-- (insert) VISUAL --"), it is also stopped.
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Changing the Visual area				*visual-change*
+
+							*v_o*
+o			Go to Other end of highlighted text: The current
+			cursor position becomes the start of the highlighted
+			text and the cursor is moved to the other end of the
+			highlighted text.  The highlighted area remains the
+			same.
+
+							*v_O*
+O			Go to Other end of highlighted text.  This is like
+			"o", but in Visual block mode the cursor moves to the
+			other corner in the same line.  When the corner is at
+			a character that occupies more than one position on
+			the screen (e.g., a <Tab>), the highlighted text may
+			change.
+
+							*v_$*
+When the "$" command is used with blockwise Visual mode, the right end of the
+highlighted text will be determined by the longest highlighted line.  This
+stops when a motion command is used that does not move straight up or down.
+
+For moving the end of the block many commands can be used, but you cannot
+use Ex commands, commands that make changes or abandon the file.  Commands
+(starting with) ".pPiIaAO&", CTRL-^, "Z", CTRL-], CTRL-T, CTRL-R, CTRL-I
+and CTRL-O cause a beep and Visual mode continues.
+
+When switching to another window on the same buffer, the cursor position in
+that window is adjusted, so that the same Visual area is still selected.  This
+is especially useful to view the start of the Visual area in one window, and
+the end in another.  You can then use <RightMouse> (or <S-LeftMouse> when
+'mousemodel' is "popup") to move either end of the Visual area.
+
+==============================================================================
+4. Operating on the Visual area				*visual-operators*
+
+The operators that can be used are:
+	~	switch case					|v_~|
+	d	delete						|v_d|
+	c	change (4)					|v_c|
+	y	yank						|v_y|
+	>	shift right (4)					|v_>|
+	<	shift left (4)					|v_<|
+	!	filter through external command (1)		|v_!|
+	=	filter through 'equalprg' option command (1)	|v_=|
+	gq	format lines to 'textwidth' length (1)		|v_gq|
+
+The objects that can be used are:
+	aw	a word (with white space)			|v_aw|
+	iw	inner word					|v_iw|
+	aW	a WORD (with white space)			|v_aW|
+	iW	inner WORD					|v_iW|
+	as	a sentence (with white space)			|v_as|
+	is	inner sentence					|v_is|
+	ap	a paragraph (with white space)			|v_ap|
+	ip	inner paragraph					|v_ip|
+	ab	a () block (with parenthesis)			|v_ab|
+	ib	inner () block					|v_ib|
+	aB	a {} block (with braces)			|v_aB|
+	iB	inner {} block					|v_iB|
+	a<	a <> block (with <>)				|v_a<|
+	i<	inner <> block					|v_i<|
+	a[	a [] block (with [])				|v_a[|
+	i[	inner [] block					|v_i[|
+
+Additionally the following commands can be used:
+	:	start ex command for highlighted lines (1)	|v_:|
+	r	change (4)					|v_r|
+	s	change						|v_s|
+	C	change (2)(4)					|v_C|
+	S	change (2)					|v_S|
+	R	change (2)					|v_R|
+	x	delete						|v_x|
+	D	delete (3)					|v_D|
+	X	delete (2)					|v_X|
+	Y	yank (2)					|v_Y|
+	p	put						|v_p|
+	J	join (1)					|v_J|
+	U	make uppercase					|v_U|
+	u	make lowercase					|v_u|
+	^]	find tag					|v_CTRL-]|
+	I	block insert					|v_b_I|
+	A	block append					|v_b_A|
+
+(1): Always whole lines, see |:visual_example|.
+(2): Whole lines when not using CTRL-V.
+(3): Whole lines when not using CTRL-V, delete until the end of the line when
+     using CTRL-V.
+(4): When using CTRL-V operates on the block only.
+
+Note that the ":vmap" command can be used to specifically map keys in Visual
+mode.  For example, if you would like the "/" command not to extend the Visual
+area, but instead take the highlighted text and search for that: >
+	:vmap / y/<C-R>"<CR>
+(In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you
+need to remove the 'B' and '<' flags from 'cpoptions'.)
+
+If you want to give a register name using the """ command, do this just before
+typing the operator character: "v{move-around}"xd".
+
+If you want to give a count to the command, do this just before typing the
+operator character: "v{move-around}3>" (move lines 3 indents to the right).
+
+							*{move-around}*
+The {move-around} is any sequence of movement commands.  Note the difference
+with {motion}, which is only ONE movement command.
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Blockwise operators					*blockwise-operators*
+
+{not available when compiled without the |+visualextra| feature}
+
+Reminder: Use 'virtualedit' to be able to select blocks that start or end
+after the end of a line or halfway a tab.
+
+Visual-block Insert						*v_b_I*
+With a blockwise selection, I{string}<ESC> will insert {string} at the start
+of block on every line of the block, provided that the line extends into the
+block.  Thus lines that are short will remain unmodified.  TABs are split to
+retain visual columns.
+See |v_b_I_example|.
+
+Visual-block Append						*v_b_A*
+With a blockwise selection, A{string}<ESC> will append {string} to the end of
+block on every line of the block. There is some differing behavior where the
+block RHS is not straight, due to different line lengths:
+
+1. Block was created with <C-v>$
+    In this case the string is appended to the end of each line.
+2. Block was created with <C-v>{move-around}
+    In this case the string is appended to the end of the block on each line,
+    and whitespace is inserted to pad to the end-of-block column.
+See |v_b_A_example|.
+Note: "I" and "A" behave differently for lines that don't extend into the
+selected block.  This was done intentionally, so that you can do it the way
+you want.
+
+Visual-block change						*v_b_c*
+All selected text in the block will be replaced by the same text string.  When
+using "c" the selected text is deleted and Insert mode started.  You can then
+enter text (without a line break).  When you hit <Esc>, the same string is
+inserted in all previously selected lines.
+
+Visual-block Change						*v_b_C*
+Like using "c", but the selection is extended until the end of the line for
+all lines.
+
+								*v_b_<*
+Visual-block Shift						*v_b_>*
+The block is shifted by 'shiftwidth'. The RHS of the block is irrelevant. The
+LHS of the block determines the point from which to apply a right shift, and
+padding includes TABs optimally according to 'ts' and 'et'. The LHS of the
+block determines the point upto which to shift left.
+    Note: v_< padding is buggy if the Visual Block starts and ends in the same
+    TAB. (Vim 5.4c).
+See |v_b_>_example|.
+See |v_b_<_example|.
+
+Visual-block Replace						*v_b_r*
+Every screen char in the highlighted region is replaced with the same char, ie
+TABs are split and the virtual whitespace is replaced, maintaining screen
+layout.
+See |v_b_r_example|.
+
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Repeating						*visual-repeat*
+
+When repeating a Visual mode operator, the operator will be applied to the
+same amount of text as the last time:
+- Linewise Visual mode: The same number of lines.
+- Blockwise Visual mode: The same number of lines and columns.
+- Normal Visual mode within one line: The same number of characters.
+- Normal Visual mode with several lines: The same number of lines, in the
+  last line the same number of characters as in the last line the last time.
+The start of the text is the Cursor position.  If the "$" command was used as
+one of the last commands to extend the highlighted text, the repeating will
+be applied up to the rightmost column of the longest line.
+
+
+==============================================================================
+7. Examples						*visual-examples*
+
+							*:visual_example*
+Currently the ":" command works on whole lines only.  When you select part of
+a line, doing something like ":!date" will replace the whole line.  If you
+want only part of the line to be replaced you will have to make a mapping for
+it.  In a future release ":" may work on partial lines.
+
+Here is an example, to replace the selected text with the output of "date": >
+	:vmap _a <Esc>`>a<CR><Esc>`<i<CR><Esc>!!date<CR>kJJ
+
+(In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you
+need to remove the 'B' and '<' flags from 'cpoptions')
+
+What this does is:
+<Esc>		stop Visual mode
+`>		go to the end of the Visual area
+a<CR><Esc>	break the line after the Visual area
+`<		jump to the start of the Visual area
+i<CR><Esc>	break the line before the Visual area
+!!date<CR>	filter the Visual text through date
+kJJ		Join the lines back together
+
+							*visual-search*
+Here is an idea for a mapping that makes it possible to do a search for the
+selected text: >
+	:vmap X y/<C-R>"<CR>
+
+(In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you
+need to remove the 'B' and '<' flags from 'cpoptions')
+
+Note that special characters (like '.' and '*') will cause problems.
+
+Visual-block Examples					*blockwise-examples*
+With the following text, I will indicate the commands to produce the block and
+the results below. In all cases, the cursor begins on the 'a' in the first
+line if the test text.
+The following modeline settings are assumed ":ts=8:sw=4:".
+
+It will be helpful to
+:set hls
+/<TAB>
+where <TAB> is a real TAB. This helps visualise the operations.
+
+The test text is:
+
+abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abc		defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdef  ghi		jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+
+1. fo<C-v>3jISTRING<ESC>					*v_b_I_example*
+
+abcdefghijklmnSTRINGopqrstuvwxyz
+abc	      STRING  defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdef  ghi   STRING	jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdefghijklmnSTRINGopqrstuvwxyz
+
+2. fo<C-v>3j$ASTRING<ESC>					*v_b_A_example*
+
+abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING
+abc		defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING
+abcdef  ghi		jklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING
+abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING
+
+3. fo<C-v>3j3l<..						*v_b_<_example*
+
+abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abc	      defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdef  ghi   jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+
+4. fo<C-v>3j>..							*v_b_>_example*
+
+abcdefghijklmn		  opqrstuvwxyz
+abc			    defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdef  ghi			    jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdefghijklmn		  opqrstuvwxyz
+
+5. fo<C-v>5l3jrX						*v_b_r_example*
+
+abcdefghijklmnXXXXXXuvwxyz
+abc	      XXXXXXhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdef  ghi   XXXXXX    jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+abcdefghijklmnXXXXXXuvwxyz
+
+==============================================================================
+8. Select mode						*Select* *Select-mode*
+
+Select mode looks like Visual mode, but the commands accepted are quite
+different.  This resembles the selection mode in Microsoft Windows.
+When the 'showmode' option is set, "-- SELECT --" is shown in the last line.
+
+Entering Select mode:
+- Using the mouse to select an area, and 'selectmode' contains "mouse".
+  'mouse' must also contain a flag for the current mode.
+- Using a non-printable movement command, with the Shift key pressed, and
+  'selectmode' contains "key".  For example: <S-Left> and <S-End>.  'keymodel'
+  must also contain "startsel".
+- Using "v", "V" or CTRL-V command, and 'selectmode' contains "cmd".
+- Using "gh", "gH" or "g_CTRL-H" command in Normal mode.
+- From Visual mode, press CTRL-G.			*v_CTRL-G*
+
+Commands in Select mode:
+- Printable characters, <NL> and <CR> cause the selection to be deleted, and
+  Vim enters Insert mode.  The typed character is inserted.
+- Non-printable movement commands, with the Shift key pressed, extend the
+  selection.  'keymodel' must include "startsel".
+- Non-printable movement commands, with the Shift key NOT pressed, stop Select
+  mode.  'keymodel' must include "stopsel".
+- ESC stops Select mode.
+- CTRL-O switches to Visual mode for the duration of one command. *v_CTRL-O*
+- CTRL-G switches to Visual mode.
+
+Otherwise, typed characters are handled as in Visual mode.
+
+When using an operator in Select mode, and the selection is linewise, the
+selected lines are operated upon, but like in characterwise selection.  For
+example, when a whole line is deleted, it can later be pasted halfway a line.
+
+
+Mappings and menus in Select mode.			*Select-mode-mapping*
+
+In Select mode the mappings and menus of Visual mode are used.  Before it is
+executed, Vim automatically switches to Visual mode, so that the same
+behavior as in Visual mode is effective.
+
+After the mapping or menu finishes, the selection is enabled again and Select
+mode entered, unless the selected area was deleted, another buffer became
+the current one or the window layout was changed.
+
+When a character was typed that causes the selection to be deleted and Insert
+mode started, Insert mode mappings are applied to this character.  This may
+cause some confusion, because it means Insert mode mappings apply to a
+character typed in Select mode.  Language mappings apply as well.
+
+							*gV* *v_gV*
+gV			Avoid the automatic reselection of the Visual area
+			after a Select mode mapping or menu has finished.
+			Put this just before the end of the mapping or menu.
+			At least it should be after any operations on the
+			selection.
+
+							*gh*
+gh			Start Select mode, characterwise.  This is like "v",
+			but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode.
+			Mnemonic: "get highlighted".
+
+							*gH*
+gH			Start Select mode, linewise.  This is like "V",
+			but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode.
+			Mnemonic: "get Highlighted".
+
+							*g_CTRL-H*
+g CTRL-H		Start Select mode, blockwise.  This is like CTRL-V,
+			but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode.
+			Mnemonic: "get Highlighted".
+
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: