Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/os_win32.txt @ 10264:c036c0f636d5 v8.0.0029
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/cea912af725c54f4727a0565e31661f6b29c6bb1
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Wed Oct 12 14:20:24 2016 +0200
patch 8.0.0029
Problem: Code for MS-Windows is complicated because of the exceptions for
old systems.
Solution: Drop support for MS-Windows older than Windows XP. (Ken Takata)
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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| date | Wed, 12 Oct 2016 14:30:05 +0200 |
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1 *os_win32.txt* For Vim version 8.0. Last change: 2016 Oct 12 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by George Reilly | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 *win32* *Win32* *MS-Windows* | |
| 8 This file documents the idiosyncrasies of the Win32 version of Vim. | |
| 9 | |
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10 The Win32 version of Vim works on Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10. There are |
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11 both console and GUI versions. |
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12 |
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13 The 32 bit version also runs on 64 bit MS-Windows systems. |
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14 |
| 7 | 15 1. Known problems |win32-problems| |
| 16 2. Startup |win32-startup| | |
| 17 3. Restore screen contents |win32-restore| | |
| 18 4. Using the mouse |win32-mouse| | |
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19 5. Running under Windows 95 |win32-win95| |
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20 6. Running under Windows 3.1 |win32-win3.1| |
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21 7. Win32 mini FAQ |win32-faq| |
| 7 | 22 |
| 23 Additionally, there are a number of common Win32 and DOS items: | |
| 24 File locations |dos-locations| | |
| 25 Using backslashes |dos-backslash| | |
| 26 Standard mappings |dos-standard-mappings| | |
| 27 Screen output and colors |dos-colors| | |
| 28 File formats |dos-file-formats| | |
| 29 :cd command |dos-:cd| | |
| 30 Interrupting |dos-CTRL-Break| | |
| 31 Temp files |dos-temp-files| | |
| 32 Shell option default |dos-shell| | |
| 33 | |
| 34 Win32 GUI |gui-w32| | |
| 35 | |
| 36 Credits: | |
| 37 The Win32 version was written by George V. Reilly <george@reilly.org>. | |
| 38 The original Windows NT port was done by Roger Knobbe <RogerK@wonderware.com>. | |
| 39 The GUI version was made by George V. Reilly and Robert Webb. | |
| 40 | |
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41 For compiling see "src/INSTALLpc.txt". *win32-compiling* |
| 7 | 42 |
| 43 ============================================================================== | |
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44 1. Known problems *win32-problems* |
| 7 | 45 |
| 46 When doing file name completion, Vim also finds matches for the short file | |
| 47 name. But Vim will still find and use the corresponding long file name. For | |
| 48 example, if you have the long file name "this_is_a_test" with the short file | |
| 49 name "this_i~1", the command ":e *1" will start editing "this_is_a_test". | |
| 50 | |
| 51 ============================================================================== | |
| 52 2. Startup *win32-startup* | |
| 53 | |
| 54 Current directory *win32-curdir* | |
| 55 | |
| 56 If Vim is started with a single file name argument, and it has a full path | |
| 57 (starts with "x:\"), Vim assumes it was started from the file explorer and | |
| 58 will set the current directory to where that file is. To avoid this when | |
| 59 typing a command to start Vim, use a forward slash instead of a backslash. | |
| 60 Example: > | |
| 61 | |
| 62 vim c:\text\files\foo.txt | |
| 63 | |
| 64 Will change to the "C:\text\files" directory. > | |
| 65 | |
| 66 vim c:/text\files\foo.txt | |
| 67 | |
| 68 Will use the current directory. | |
| 69 | |
| 70 | |
| 71 Term option *win32-term* | |
| 72 | |
| 73 The only kind of terminal type that the Win32 version of Vim understands is | |
| 74 "win32", which is built-in. If you set 'term' to anything else, you will | |
| 75 probably get very strange behavior from Vim. Therefore Vim does not obtain | |
| 76 the default value of 'term' from the environment variable "TERM". | |
| 77 | |
| 819 | 78 $PATH *win32-PATH* |
| 79 | |
| 80 The directory of the Vim executable is appended to $PATH. This is mostly to | |
| 5400 | 81 make "!xxd" work, as it is in the Tools menu. And it also means that when |
| 819 | 82 executable() returns 1 the executable can actually be executed. |
| 83 | |
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84 Quotes in file names *win32-quotes* |
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85 |
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86 Quotes inside a file name (or any other command line argument) can be escaped |
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87 with a backslash. E.g. > |
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88 vim -c "echo 'foo\"bar'" |
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89 |
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90 Alternatively use three quotes to get one: > |
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91 vim -c "echo 'foo"""bar'" |
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92 |
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93 The quotation rules are: |
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94 |
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95 1. A `"` starts quotation. |
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96 2. Another `"` or `""` ends quotation. If the quotation ends with `""`, a `"` |
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97 is produced at the end of the quoted string. |
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98 |
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99 Examples, with [] around an argument: |
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100 "foo" -> [foo] |
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101 "foo"" -> [foo"] |
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102 "foo"bar -> [foobar] |
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103 "foo" bar -> [foo], [bar] |
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104 "foo""bar -> [foo"bar] |
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105 "foo"" bar -> [foo"], [bar] |
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106 "foo"""bar" -> [foo"bar] |
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107 |
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108 |
| 7 | 109 ============================================================================== |
| 110 3. Restore screen contents *win32-restore* | |
| 111 | |
| 112 When 'restorescreen' is set (which is the default), Vim will restore the | |
| 113 original contents of the console when exiting or when executing external | |
| 114 commands. If you don't want this, use ":set nors". |'restorescreen'| | |
| 115 | |
| 116 ============================================================================== | |
| 117 4. Using the mouse *win32-mouse* | |
| 118 | |
| 119 The Win32 version of Vim supports using the mouse. If you have a two-button | |
| 120 mouse, the middle button can be emulated by pressing both left and right | |
| 121 buttons simultaneously - but note that in the Win32 GUI, if you have the right | |
| 122 mouse button pop-up menu enabled (see 'mouse'), you should err on the side of | |
| 123 pressing the left button first. |mouse-using| | |
| 124 | |
| 125 When the mouse doesn't work, try disabling the "Quick Edit Mode" feature of | |
| 126 the console. | |
| 127 | |
| 128 ============================================================================== | |
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129 5. Running under Windows 95 *win32-win95* |
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130 *windows95* *windows98* *windowsme* |
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131 Windows 95/98/ME support was removed in patch 8.0.0029 If you want to use it |
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132 you will need to get a version older than that. |
| 7 | 133 |
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134 ============================================================================== |
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135 6. Running under Windows 3.1 *win32-win3.1* |
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136 |
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137 *win32s* *windows-3.1* *gui-w32s* |
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138 There was a special version of Gvim that runs under Windows 3.1 and 3.11. |
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139 Support was removed in patch 7.4.1363. |
| 7 | 140 |
| 141 ============================================================================== | |
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142 7. Win32 mini FAQ *win32-faq* |
| 7 | 143 |
| 144 Q. How do I change the font? | |
| 22 | 145 A. In the GUI version, you can use the 'guifont' option. Example: > |
| 146 :set guifont=Lucida_Console:h15:cDEFAULT | |
| 147 < In the console version, you need to set the font of the console itself. | |
| 7 | 148 You cannot do this from within Vim. |
| 149 | |
| 150 Q. How do I type dead keys on Windows NT? | |
| 151 A. Dead keys work on NT 3.51. Just type them as you would in any other | |
| 152 application. | |
| 153 On NT 4.0, you need to make sure that the default locale (set in the | |
| 154 Keyboard part of the Control Panel) is the same as the currently active | |
| 155 locale. Otherwise the NT code will get confused and crash! This is a NT | |
| 156 4.0 problem, not really a Vim problem. | |
| 157 | |
| 158 Q. I'm using Vim to edit a symbolically linked file on a Unix NFS file server. | |
| 159 When I write the file, Vim does not "write through" the symlink. Instead, | |
| 160 it deletes the symbolic link and creates a new file in its place. Why? | |
| 161 A. On Unix, Vim is prepared for links (symbolic or hard). A backup copy of | |
| 162 the original file is made and then the original file is overwritten. This | |
| 163 assures that all properties of the file remain the same. On non-Unix | |
| 164 systems, the original file is renamed and a new file is written. Only the | |
| 165 protection bits are set like the original file. However, this doesn't work | |
| 166 properly when working on an NFS-mounted file system where links and other | |
| 167 things exist. The only way to fix this in the current version is not | |
| 168 making a backup file, by ":set nobackup nowritebackup" |'writebackup'| | |
| 169 | |
| 22 | 170 Q. I'm using Vim to edit a file on a Unix file server through Samba. When I |
| 171 write the file, the owner of the file is changed. Why? | |
| 172 A. When writing a file Vim renames the original file, this is a backup (in | |
| 173 case writing the file fails halfway). Then the file is written as a new | |
| 174 file. Samba then gives it the default owner for the file system, which may | |
| 175 differ from the original owner. | |
| 176 To avoid this set the 'backupcopy' option to "yes". Vim will then make a | |
| 177 copy of the file for the backup, and overwrite the original file. The | |
| 178 owner isn't changed then. | |
| 179 | |
| 7 | 180 Q. How do I get to see the output of ":make" while it's running? |
| 181 A. Basically what you need is to put a tee program that will copy its input | |
| 182 (the output from make) to both stdout and to the errorfile. You can find a | |
| 1125 | 183 copy of tee (and a number of other GNU tools) at |
| 7 | 184 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net or http://unxutils.sourceforge.net |
| 185 Alternatively, try the more recent Cygnus version of the GNU tools at | |
| 186 http://www.cygwin.com Other Unix-style tools for Win32 are listed at | |
| 187 http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/ | |
| 188 When you do get a copy of tee, you'll need to add > | |
| 189 :set shellpipe=\|\ tee | |
| 190 < to your _vimrc. | |
| 191 | |
| 192 Q. I'm storing files on a remote machine that works with VisionFS, and files | |
| 193 disappear! | |
| 194 A. VisionFS can't handle certain dot (.) three letter extension file names. | |
| 195 SCO declares this behavior required for backwards compatibility with 16bit | |
| 196 DOS/Windows environments. The two commands below demonstrate the behavior: | |
| 197 > | |
| 198 echo Hello > file.bat~ | |
| 199 dir > file.bat | |
| 200 < | |
| 201 The result is that the "dir" command updates the "file.bat~" file, instead | |
| 237 | 202 of creating a new "file.bat" file. This same behavior is exhibited in Vim |
| 7 | 203 when editing an existing file named "foo.bat" because the default behavior |
| 204 of Vim is to create a temporary file with a '~' character appended to the | |
| 205 name. When the file is written, it winds up being deleted. | |
| 206 | |
| 207 Solution: Add this command to your _vimrc file: > | |
| 208 :set backupext=.temporary | |
| 209 | |
| 210 Q. How do I change the blink rate of the cursor? | |
| 211 A. You can't! This is a limitation of the NT console. NT 5.0 is reported to | |
| 212 be able to set the blink rate for all console windows at the same time. | |
| 213 | |
| 214 *:!start* | |
| 215 Q. How can I run an external command or program asynchronously? | |
| 216 A. When using :! to run an external command, you can run it with "start": > | |
| 217 :!start winfile.exe<CR> | |
| 218 < Using "start" stops Vim switching to another screen, opening a new console, | |
| 219 or waiting for the program to complete; it indicates that you are running a | |
| 1624 | 220 program that does not affect the files you are editing. Programs begun |
| 7 | 221 with :!start do not get passed Vim's open file handles, which means they do |
| 222 not have to be closed before Vim. | |
| 223 To avoid this special treatment, use ":! start". | |
| 2859 | 224 There are two optional arguments (see the next Q): |
| 3513 | 225 /min the window will be minimized |
| 226 /b no console window will be opened | |
| 3082 | 227 You can use only one of these flags at a time. A second one will be |
| 2859 | 228 treated as the start of the command. |
| 229 | |
| 230 Q. How do I avoid getting a window for programs that I run asynchronously? | |
| 3082 | 231 A. You have two possible solutions depending on what you want: |
| 2908 | 232 1) You may use the /min flag in order to run program in a minimized state |
| 233 with no other changes. It will work equally for console and GUI | |
| 234 applications. | |
| 235 2) You can use the /b flag to run console applications without creating a | |
| 2859 | 236 console window for them (GUI applications are not affected). But you |
| 2908 | 237 should use this flag only if the application you run doesn't require any |
| 238 input. Otherwise it will get an EOF error because its input stream | |
| 3082 | 239 (stdin) would be redirected to \\.\NUL (stdout and stderr too). |
| 2859 | 240 |
| 241 Example for a console application, run Exuberant ctags: > | |
| 242 :!start /min ctags -R . | |
| 243 < When it has finished you should see file named "tags" in your current | |
| 244 directory. You should notice the window title blinking on your taskbar. | |
| 6180 | 245 This is more noticeable for commands that take longer. |
| 2859 | 246 Now delete the "tags" file and run this command: > |
| 247 :!start /b ctags -R . | |
| 248 < You should have the same "tags" file, but this time there will be no | |
| 249 blinking on the taskbar. | |
| 250 Example for a GUI application: > | |
| 251 :!start /min notepad | |
| 252 :!start /b notepad | |
| 253 < The first command runs notepad minimized and the second one runs it | |
| 254 normally. | |
| 7 | 255 |
| 6259 | 256 *windows-icon* |
| 257 Q. I don't like the Vim icon, can I change it? | |
| 258 A. Yes, place your favorite icon in bitmaps/vim.ico in a directory of | |
| 259 'runtimepath'. For example ~/vimfiles/bitmaps/vim.ico. | |
| 260 | |
| 261 | |
| 7 | 262 vim:tw=78:fo=tcq2:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |