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1 *insert.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2006 Jan 08
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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6
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7 *Insert* *Insert-mode*
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8 Inserting and replacing text *mode-ins-repl*
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9
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10 Most of this file is about Insert and Replace mode. At the end are a few
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11 commands for inserting text in other ways.
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12
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13 An overview of the most often used commands can be found in chapter 24 of the
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14 user manual |usr_24.txt|.
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15
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16 1. Special keys |ins-special-keys|
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17 2. Special special keys |ins-special-special|
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18 3. 'textwidth' and 'wrapmargin' options |ins-textwidth|
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19 4. 'expandtab', 'smarttab' and 'softtabstop' options |ins-expandtab|
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20 5. Replace mode |Replace-mode|
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21 6. Virtual Replace mode |Virtual-Replace-mode|
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22 7. Insert mode completion |ins-completion|
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23 8. Insert mode commands |inserting|
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24 9. Ex insert commands |inserting-ex|
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25 10. Inserting a file |inserting-file|
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26
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27 Also see 'virtualedit', for moving the cursor to positions where there is no
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28 character. Useful for editing a table.
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29
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30 ==============================================================================
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31 1. Special keys *ins-special-keys*
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32
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33 In Insert and Replace mode, the following characters have a special meaning;
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34 other characters are inserted directly. To insert one of these special
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35 characters into the buffer, precede it with CTRL-V. To insert a <Nul>
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36 character use "CTRL-V CTRL-@" or "CTRL-V 000". On some systems, you have to
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37 use "CTRL-V 003" to insert a CTRL-C. Note: When CTRL-V is mapped you can
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38 often use CTRL-Q instead |i_CTRL-Q|.
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39
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40 If you are working in a special language mode when inserting text, see the
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41 'langmap' option, |'langmap'|, on how to avoid switching this mode on and off
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42 all the time.
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43
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44 If you have 'insertmode' set, <Esc> and a few other keys get another meaning.
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45 See |'insertmode'|.
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46
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47 char action ~
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48 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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49 *i_CTRL-[* *i_<Esc>*
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50 <Esc> or CTRL-[ End insert or Replace mode, go back to Normal mode. Finish
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51 abbreviation.
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52 Note: If your <Esc> key is hard to hit on your keyboard, train
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53 yourself to use CTRL-[.
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54 *i_CTRL-C*
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55 CTRL-C Quit insert mode, go back to Normal mode. Do not check for
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56 abbreviations. Does not trigger the |InsertLeave| autocommand
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57 event.
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58
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59 *i_CTRL-@*
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60 CTRL-@ Insert previously inserted text and stop insert. {Vi: only
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61 when typed as first char, only up to 128 chars}
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62 *i_CTRL-A*
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63 CTRL-A Insert previously inserted text. {not in Vi}
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64
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65 *i_CTRL-H* *i_<BS>* *i_BS*
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66 <BS> or CTRL-H Delete the character before the cursor (see |i_backspacing|
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67 about joining lines).
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68 See |:fixdel| if your <BS> key does not do what you want.
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69 {Vi: does not delete autoindents}
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70 *i_<Del>* *i_DEL*
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71 <Del> Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at
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72 the end of the line, and the 'backspace' option includes
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73 "eol", delete the <EOL>; the next line is appended after the
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74 current one.
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75 See |:fixdel| if your <Del> key does not do what you want.
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76 {not in Vi}
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77 *i_CTRL-W*
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78 CTRL-W Delete the word before the cursor (see |i_backspacing| about
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79 joining lines). See the section "word motions",
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80 |word-motions|, for the definition of a word.
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81 *i_CTRL-U*
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82 CTRL-U Delete all entered characters in the current line (see
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83 |i_backspacing| about joining lines).
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84
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85 *i_CTRL-I* *i_<Tab>* *i_Tab*
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86 <Tab> or CTRL-I Insert a tab. If the 'expandtab' option is on, the
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87 equivalent number of spaces is inserted (use CTRL-V <Tab> to
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88 avoid the expansion; use CTRL-Q <Tab> if CTRL-V is mapped
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89 |i_CTRL-Q|). See also the 'smarttab' option and
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90 |ins-expandtab|.
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91 *i_CTRL-J* *i_<NL>*
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92 <NL> or CTRL-J Begin new line.
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93 *i_CTRL-M* *i_<CR>*
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94 <CR> or CTRL-M Begin new line.
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95 *i_CTRL-K*
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96 CTRL-K {char1} [char2]
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97 Enter digraph (see |digraphs|). When {char1} is a special
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98 key, the code for that key is inserted in <> form. For
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99 example, the string "<S-Space>" can be entered by typing
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100 <C-K><S-Space> (two keys). Neither char is considered for
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101 mapping. {not in Vi}
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102
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103 CTRL-N Find next keyword (see |i_CTRL-N|). {not in Vi}
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104 CTRL-P Find previous keyword (see |i_CTRL-P|). {not in Vi}
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105
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106 CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#*+:.-=} *i_CTRL-R*
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107 Insert the contents of a register. Between typing CTRL-R and
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108 the second character, '"' will be displayed to indicate that
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109 you are expected to enter the name of a register.
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110 The text is inserted as if you typed it, but mappings and
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111 abbreviations are not used. If you have options like
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112 'textwidth', 'formatoptions', or 'autoindent' set, this will
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113 influence what will be inserted. This is different from what
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114 happens with the "p" command and pasting with the mouse.
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115 Special registers:
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116 '"' the unnamed register, containing the text of
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117 the last delete or yank
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118 '%' the current file name
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119 '#' the alternate file name
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120 '*' the clipboard contents (X11: primary selection)
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121 '+' the clipboard contents
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122 '/' the last search pattern
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123 ':' the last command-line
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124 '.' the last inserted text
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125 '-' the last small (less than a line) delete
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126 '=' the expression register: you are prompted to
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127 enter an expression (see |expression|)
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128 Note that 0x80 (128 decimal) is used for
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129 special keys, use CTRL-R CTRL-R to insert it
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130 literally.
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131 See |registers| about registers. {not in Vi}
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132
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133 CTRL-R CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#*+/:.-=} *i_CTRL-R_CTRL-R*
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134 Insert the contents of a register. Works like using a single
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135 CTRL-R, but the text is inserted literally, not as if typed.
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136 This differs when the register contains characters like <BS>.
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137 Example, where register a contains "ab^Hc": >
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138 CTRL-R a results in "ac".
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139 CTRL-R CTRL-R a results in "ab^Hc".
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140 < Options 'textwidth', 'formatoptions', etc. still apply. If
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141 you also want to avoid these, use "<C-R><C-O>r", see below.
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142 The '.' register (last inserted text) is still inserted as
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143 typed. {not in Vi}
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144
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145 CTRL-R CTRL-O {0-9a-z"%#*+/:.-=} *i_CTRL-R_CTRL-O*
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146 Insert the contents of a register literally and don't
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147 auto-indent. Does the same as pasting with the mouse
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148 |<MiddleMouse>|.
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149 Does not replace characters!
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150 The '.' register (last inserted text) is still inserted as
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151 typed. {not in Vi}
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152
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153 CTRL-R CTRL-P {0-9a-z"%#*+/:.-=} *i_CTRL-R_CTRL-P*
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154 Insert the contents of a register literally and fix the
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155 indent, like |[<MiddleMouse>|.
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156 Does not replace characters!
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157 The '.' register (last inserted text) is still inserted as
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158 typed. {not in Vi}
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159
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160 *i_CTRL-T*
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161 CTRL-T Insert one shiftwidth of indent at the start of the current
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162 line. The indent is always rounded to a 'shiftwidth' (this is
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163 vi compatible). {Vi: only when in indent}
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164 *i_CTRL-D*
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165 CTRL-D Delete one shiftwidth of indent at the start of the current
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166 line. The indent is always rounded to a 'shiftwidth' (this is
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167 vi compatible). {Vi: CTRL-D works only when used after
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168 autoindent}
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169 *i_0_CTRL-D*
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170 0 CTRL-D Delete all indent in the current line. {Vi: CTRL-D works
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171 only when used after autoindent}
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172 *i_^_CTRL-D*
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173 ^ CTRL-D Delete all indent in the current line. The indent is
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174 restored in the next line. This is useful when inserting a
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175 label. {Vi: CTRL-D works only when used after autoindent}
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176
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177 *i_CTRL-V*
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178 CTRL-V Insert next non-digit literally. For special keys, the
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179 terminal code is inserted. It's also possible to enter the
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180 decimal, octal or hexadecimal value of a character
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181 |i_CTRL-V_digit|.
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182 The characters typed right after CTRL-V are not considered for
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183 mapping. {Vi: no decimal byte entry}
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184 Note: When CTRL-V is mapped (e.g., to paste text) you can
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185 often use CTRL-Q instead |i_CTRL-Q|.
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186
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187 *i_CTRL-Q*
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188 CTRL-Q Same as CTRL-V.
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189 Note: Some terminal connections may eat CTRL-Q, it doesn't
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190 work then. It does work in the GUI.
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191
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192 CTRL-X Enter CTRL-X mode. This is a sub-mode where commands can
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193 be given to complete words or scroll the window. See
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194 |i_CTRL-X| and |ins-completion|. {not in Vi}
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195
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196 *i_CTRL-E*
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197 CTRL-E Insert the character which is below the cursor. {not in Vi}
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198 *i_CTRL-Y*
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199 CTRL-Y Insert the character which is above the cursor. {not in Vi}
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200 Note that for CTRL-E and CTRL-Y 'textwidth' is not used, to be
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201 able to copy characters from a long line.
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202
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203 *i_CTRL-_*
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204 CTRL-_ Switch between languages, as follows:
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205 - When in a rightleft window, revins and nohkmap are toggled,
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206 since English will likely be inserted in this case.
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207 - When in a norightleft window, revins and hkmap are toggled,
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208 since Hebrew will likely be inserted in this case.
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209
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210 CTRL-_ moves the cursor to the end of the typed text.
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211
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212 This command is only available when the 'allowrevins' option
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213 is set.
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214 Please refer to |rileft.txt| for more information about
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215 right-to-left mode.
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216 {not in Vi}
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217 Only if compiled with the |+rightleft| feature (which is not
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218 the default).
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219 *i_CTRL-^*
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220 CTRL-^ Toggle the use of typing language characters.
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221 When language |:lmap| mappings are defined:
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222 - If 'iminsert' is 1 (langmap mappings used) it becomes 0 (no
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223 langmap mappings used).
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224 - If 'iminsert' has another value it becomes 1, thus langmap
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225 mappings are enabled.
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226 When no language mappings are defined:
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227 - If 'iminsert' is 2 (Input Method used) it becomes 0 (no
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228 Input Method used).
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229 - If 'iminsert' has another value it becomes 2, thus the Input
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230 Method is enabled.
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231 When set to 1, the value of the "b:keymap_name" variable, the
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232 'keymap' option or "<lang>" appears in the status line.
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233 The language mappings are normally used to type characters
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234 that are different from what the keyboard produces. The
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235 'keymap' option can be used to install a whole number of them.
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236 {not in Vi}
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237
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238 *i_CTRL-]*
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239 CTRL-] Trigger abbreviation, without inserting a character. {not in
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240 Vi}
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241
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242 *i_<Insert>*
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243 <Insert> Toggle between Insert and Replace mode. {not in Vi}
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244 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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245
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246 *i_backspacing*
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247 The effect of the <BS>, CTRL-W, and CTRL-U depend on the 'backspace' option
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248 (unless 'revins' is set). This is a comma separated list of items:
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249
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250 item action ~
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251 indent allow backspacing over autoindent
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252 eol allow backspacing over end-of-line (join lines)
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253 start allow backspacing over the start position of insert; CTRL-W and
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254 CTRL-U stop once at the start position
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255
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256 When 'backspace' is empty, Vi compatible backspacing is used. You cannot
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257 backspace over autoindent, before column 1 or before where insert started.
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258
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259 For backwards compatibility the values "0", "1" and "2" are also allowed, see
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260 |'backspace'|.
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261
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262 If the 'backspace' option does contain "eol" and the cursor is in column 1
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263 when one of the three keys is used, the current line is joined with the
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264 previous line. This effectively deletes the <EOL> in front of the cursor.
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265 {Vi: does not cross lines, does not delete past start position of insert}
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266
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267 *i_CTRL-V_digit*
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268 With CTRL-V the decimal, octal or hexadecimal value of a character can be
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269 entered directly. This way you can enter any character, except a line break
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270 (<NL>, value 10). There are five ways to enter the character value:
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271
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272 first char mode max nr of chars max value ~
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273 (none) decimal 3 255
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236
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274 o or O octal 3 377 (255)
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275 x or X hexadecimal 2 ff (255)
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276 u hexadecimal 4 ffff (65535)
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277 U hexadecimal 8 7fffffff (2147483647)
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278
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279 Normally you would type the maximum number of characters. Thus to enter a
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280 space (value 32) you would type <C-V>032. You can omit the leading zero, in
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281 which case the character typed after the number must be a non-digit. This
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282 happens for the other modes as well: As soon as you type a character that is
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283 invalid for the mode, the value before it will be used and the "invalid"
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284 character is dealt with in the normal way.
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285
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286 If you enter a value of 10, it will end up in the file as a 0. The 10 is a
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287 <NL>, which is used internally to represent the <Nul> character. When writing
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288 the buffer to a file, the <NL> character is translated into <Nul>. The <NL>
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289 character is written at the end of each line. Thus if you want to insert a
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290 <NL> character in a file you will have to make a line break.
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291
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292 *i_CTRL-X* *insert_expand*
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293 CTRL-X enters a sub-mode where several commands can be used. Most of these
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294 commands do keyword completion; see |ins-completion|. These are not available
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295 when Vim was compiled without the |+insert_expand| feature.
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296
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297 Two commands can be used to scroll the window up or down, without exiting
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298 insert mode:
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299
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300 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-E*
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301 CTRL-X CTRL-E scroll window one line up.
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302
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303 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-Y*
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304 CTRL-X CTRL-Y scroll window one line down.
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305
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306 After CTRL-X is pressed, each CTRL-E (CTRL-Y) scrolls the window up (down) by
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307 one line unless that would cause the cursor to move from its current position
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308 in the file. As soon as another key is pressed, CTRL-X mode is exited and
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309 that key is interpreted as in Insert mode.
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310
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311
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312 ==============================================================================
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313 2. Special special keys *ins-special-special*
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314
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315 The following keys are special. They stop the current insert, do something,
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316 and then restart insertion. This means you can do something without getting
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317 out of Insert mode. This is very handy if you prefer to use the Insert mode
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318 all the time, just like editors that don't have a separate Normal mode. You
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319 may also want to set the 'backspace' option to "indent,eol,start" and set the
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320 'insertmode' option. You can use CTRL-O if you want to map a function key to
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321 a command.
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322
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323 The changes (inserted or deleted characters) before and after these keys can
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324 be undone separately. Only the last change can be redone and always behaves
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325 like an "i" command.
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326
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327 char action ~
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328 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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329 <Up> cursor one line up *i_<Up>*
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330 <Down> cursor one line down *i_<Down>*
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331 CTRL-G <Up> cursor one line up, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_<Up>*
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332 CTRL-G k cursor one line up, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_k*
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333 CTRL-G CTRL-K cursor one line up, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_CTRL-K*
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334 CTRL-G <Down> cursor one line down, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_<Down>*
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335 CTRL-G j cursor one line down, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_j*
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336 CTRL-G CTRL-J cursor one line down, insert start column *i_CTRL-G_CTRL-J*
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337 <Left> cursor one character left *i_<Left>*
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338 <Right> cursor one character right *i_<Right>*
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339 <S-Left> cursor one word back (like "b" command) *i_<S-Left>*
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340 <C-Left> cursor one word back (like "b" command) *i_<C-Left>*
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341 <S-Right> cursor one word forward (like "w" command) *i_<S-Right>*
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342 <C-Right> cursor one word forward (like "w" command) *i_<C-Right>*
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343 <Home> cursor to first char in the line *i_<Home>*
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344 <End> cursor to after last char in the line *i_<End>*
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345 <C-Home> cursor to first char in the file *i_<C-Home>*
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346 <C-End> cursor to after last char in the file *i_<C-End>*
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347 <LeftMouse> cursor to position of mouse click *i_<LeftMouse>*
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348 <S-Up> move window one page up *i_<S-Up>*
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|
|
349 <PageUp> move window one page up *i_<PageUp>*
|
|
|
350 <S-Down> move window one page down *i_<S-Down>*
|
|
|
351 <PageDown> move window one page down *i_<PageDown>*
|
|
|
352 <MouseDown> scroll three lines down *i_<MouseDown>*
|
|
|
353 <S-MouseDown> scroll a full page down *i_<S-MouseDown>*
|
|
|
354 <MouseUp> scroll three lines up *i_<MouseUp>*
|
|
|
355 <S-MouseUp> scroll a full page up *i_<S-MouseUp>*
|
|
|
356 CTRL-O execute one command, return to Insert mode *i_CTRL-O*
|
|
625
|
357 CTRL-\ CTRL-O like CTRL-O but don't move the cursor *i_CTRL-\_CTRL-O*
|
|
477
|
358 CTRL-L when 'insertmode' is set: go to Normal mode *i_CTRL-L*
|
|
7
|
359 CTRL-G u break undo sequence, start new change *i_CTRL-G_u*
|
|
|
360 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
361
|
|
|
362 Note: If the cursor keys take you out of Insert mode, check the 'noesckeys'
|
|
|
363 option.
|
|
|
364
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|
|
365 The CTRL-O command sometimes has a side effect: If the cursor was beyond the
|
|
|
366 end of the line, it will be put on the last character in the line. In
|
|
|
367 mappings it's often better to use <Esc> (first put an "x" in the text, <Esc>
|
|
477
|
368 will then always put the cursor on it). Or use CTRL-\ CTRL-O, but then
|
|
|
369 beware of the cursor possibly being beyond the end of the line.
|
|
7
|
370
|
|
|
371 The shifted cursor keys are not available on all terminals.
|
|
|
372
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|
|
373 Another side effect is that a count specified before the "i" or "a" command is
|
|
|
374 ignored. That is because repeating the effect of the command after CTRL-O is
|
|
|
375 too complicated.
|
|
|
376
|
|
|
377 An example for using CTRL-G u: >
|
|
|
378
|
|
|
379 :inoremap <C-H> <C-G>u<C-H>
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
381 This redefines the backspace key to start a new undo sequence. You can now
|
|
|
382 undo the effect of the backspace key, without changing what you typed before
|
|
|
383 that, with CTRL-O u.
|
|
|
384
|
|
10
|
385 Using CTRL-O splits undo: the text typed before and after it is undone
|
|
|
386 separately. If you want to avoid this (e.g., in a mapping) you might be able
|
|
|
387 to use CTRL-R = |i_CTRL-R|. E.g., to call a function: >
|
|
|
388 :imap <F2> <C-R>=MyFunc()<CR>
|
|
|
389
|
|
7
|
390 When the 'whichwrap' option is set appropriately, the <Left> and <Right>
|
|
|
391 keys on the first/last character in the line make the cursor wrap to the
|
|
|
392 previous/next line.
|
|
|
393
|
|
|
394 The CTRL-G j and CTRL-G k commands can be used to insert text in front of a
|
|
|
395 column. Example: >
|
|
|
396 int i;
|
|
|
397 int j;
|
|
236
|
398 Position the cursor on the first "int", type "istatic <C-G>j ". The
|
|
7
|
399 result is: >
|
|
|
400 static int i;
|
|
|
401 int j;
|
|
|
402 When inserting the same text in front of the column in every line, use the
|
|
|
403 Visual blockwise command "I" |v_b_I|.
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
405 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
406 3. 'textwidth' and 'wrapmargin' options *ins-textwidth*
|
|
|
407
|
|
|
408 The 'textwidth' option can be used to automatically break a line before it
|
|
|
409 gets too long. Set the 'textwidth' option to the desired maximum line
|
|
|
410 length. If you then type more characters (not spaces or tabs), the
|
|
|
411 last word will be put on a new line (unless it is the only word on the
|
|
|
412 line). If you set 'textwidth' to 0, this feature is disabled.
|
|
|
413
|
|
|
414 The 'wrapmargin' option does almost the same. The difference is that
|
|
|
415 'textwidth' has a fixed width while 'wrapmargin' depends on the width of the
|
|
|
416 screen. When using 'wrapmargin' this is equal to using 'textwidth' with a
|
|
|
417 value equal to (columns - 'wrapmargin'), where columns is the width of the
|
|
|
418 screen.
|
|
|
419
|
|
|
420 When 'textwidth' and 'wrapmargin' are both set, 'textwidth' is used.
|
|
|
421
|
|
|
422 If you don't really want to break the line, but view the line wrapped at a
|
|
|
423 convenient place, see the 'linebreak' option.
|
|
|
424
|
|
|
425 The line is only broken automatically when using insert mode, or when
|
|
|
426 appending to a line. When in replace mode and the line length is not
|
|
|
427 changed, the line will not be broken.
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
429 Long lines are broken if you enter a non-white character after the margin.
|
|
|
430 The situations where a line will be broken can be restricted by adding
|
|
|
431 characters to the 'formatoptions' option:
|
|
|
432 "l" Only break a line if it was not longer than 'textwidth' when the insert
|
|
|
433 started.
|
|
|
434 "v" Only break at a white character that has been entered during the
|
|
|
435 current insert command. This is mostly Vi-compatible.
|
|
|
436 "lv" Only break if the line was not longer than 'textwidth' when the insert
|
|
|
437 started and only at a white character that has been entered during the
|
|
|
438 current insert command. Only differs from "l" when entering non-white
|
|
|
439 characters while crossing the 'textwidth' boundary.
|
|
|
440
|
|
|
441 If you want to format a block of text, you can use the "gq" operator. Type
|
|
|
442 "gq" and a movement command to move the cursor to the end of the block. In
|
|
|
443 many cases, the command "gq}" will do what you want (format until the end of
|
|
|
444 paragraph). Alternatively, you can use "gqap", which will format the whole
|
|
|
445 paragraph, no matter where the cursor currently is. Or you can use Visual
|
|
|
446 mode: hit "v", move to the end of the block, and type "gq". See also |gq|.
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
448 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
449 4. 'expandtab', 'smarttab' and 'softtabstop' options *ins-expandtab*
|
|
|
450
|
|
|
451 If the 'expandtab' option is on, spaces will be used to fill the amount of
|
|
|
452 whitespace of the tab. If you want to enter a real <Tab>, type CTRL-V first
|
|
|
453 (use CTRL-Q when CTRL-V is mapped |i_CTRL-Q|).
|
|
|
454 The 'expandtab' option is off by default. Note that in Replace mode, a single
|
|
|
455 character is replaced with several spaces. The result of this is that the
|
|
|
456 number of characters in the line increases. Backspacing will delete one
|
|
|
457 space at a time. The original character will be put back for only one space
|
|
|
458 that you backspace over (the last one). {Vi does not have the 'expandtab'
|
|
|
459 option}
|
|
|
460
|
|
|
461 *ins-smarttab*
|
|
|
462 When the 'smarttab' option is on, a <Tab> inserts 'shiftwidth' positions at
|
|
|
463 the beginning of a line and 'tabstop' positions in other places. This means
|
|
|
464 that often spaces instead of a <Tab> character are inserted. When 'smarttab
|
|
|
465 is off, a <Tab> always inserts 'tabstop' positions, and 'shiftwidth' is only
|
|
|
466 used for ">>" and the like. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
468 *ins-softtabstop*
|
|
|
469 When the 'softtabstop' option is non-zero, a <Tab> inserts 'softtabstop'
|
|
|
470 positions, and a <BS> used to delete white space, will delete 'softtabstop'
|
|
|
471 positions. This feels like 'tabstop' was set to 'softtabstop', but a real
|
|
|
472 <Tab> character still takes 'tabstop' positions, so your file will still look
|
|
|
473 correct when used by other applications.
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
475 If 'softtabstop' is non-zero, a <BS> will try to delete as much white space to
|
|
|
476 move to the previous 'softtabstop' position, except when the previously
|
|
|
477 inserted character is a space, then it will only delete the character before
|
|
|
478 the cursor. Otherwise you cannot always delete a single character before the
|
|
|
479 cursor. You will have to delete 'softtabstop' characters first, and then type
|
|
|
480 extra spaces to get where you want to be.
|
|
|
481
|
|
|
482 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
483 5. Replace mode *Replace* *Replace-mode* *mode-replace*
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
485 Enter Replace mode with the "R" command in normal mode.
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
487 In Replace mode, one character in the line is deleted for every character you
|
|
|
488 type. If there is no character to delete (at the end of the line), the
|
|
|
489 typed character is appended (as in Insert mode). Thus the number of
|
|
|
490 characters in a line stays the same until you get to the end of the line.
|
|
|
491 If a <NL> is typed, a line break is inserted and no character is deleted.
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
493 Be careful with <Tab> characters. If you type a normal printing character in
|
|
|
494 its place, the number of characters is still the same, but the number of
|
|
|
495 columns will become smaller.
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
497 If you delete characters in Replace mode (with <BS>, CTRL-W, or CTRL-U), what
|
|
|
498 happens is that you delete the changes. The characters that were replaced
|
|
|
499 are restored. If you had typed past the existing text, the characters you
|
|
|
500 added are deleted. This is effectively a character-at-a-time undo.
|
|
|
501
|
|
|
502 If the 'expandtab' option is on, a <Tab> will replace one character with
|
|
|
503 several spaces. The result of this is that the number of characters in the
|
|
|
504 line increases. Backspacing will delete one space at a time. The original
|
|
|
505 character will be put back for only one space that you backspace over (the
|
|
|
506 last one). {Vi does not have the 'expandtab' option}
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
508 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
509 6. Virtual Replace mode *vreplace-mode* *Virtual-Replace-mode*
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
511 Enter Virtual Replace mode with the "gR" command in normal mode.
|
|
|
512 {not available when compiled without the +vreplace feature}
|
|
|
513 {Vi does not have Virtual Replace mode}
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
515 Virtual Replace mode is similar to Replace mode, but instead of replacing
|
|
|
516 actual characters in the file, you are replacing screen real estate, so that
|
|
|
517 characters further on in the file never appear to move.
|
|
|
518
|
|
|
519 So if you type a <Tab> it may replace several normal characters, and if you
|
|
|
520 type a letter on top of a <Tab> it may not replace anything at all, since the
|
|
|
521 <Tab> will still line up to the same place as before.
|
|
|
522
|
|
|
523 Typing a <NL> still doesn't cause characters later in the file to appear to
|
|
|
524 move. The rest of the current line will be replaced by the <NL> (that is,
|
|
|
525 they are deleted), and replacing continues on the next line. A new line is
|
|
|
526 NOT inserted unless you go past the end of the file.
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
528 Interesting effects are seen when using CTRL-T and CTRL-D. The characters
|
|
|
529 before the cursor are shifted sideways as normal, but characters later in the
|
|
|
530 line still remain still. CTRL-T will hide some of the old line under the
|
|
|
531 shifted characters, but CTRL-D will reveal them again.
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
533 As with Replace mode, using <BS> etc will bring back the characters that were
|
|
|
534 replaced. This still works in conjunction with 'smartindent', CTRL-T and
|
|
|
535 CTRL-D, 'expandtab', 'smarttab', 'softtabstop', etc.
|
|
|
536
|
|
|
537 In 'list' mode, Virtual Replace mode acts as if it was not in 'list' mode,
|
|
|
538 unless "L" is in 'cpoptions'.
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
540 Note that the only times characters beyond the cursor should appear to move
|
|
|
541 are in 'list' mode, and occasionally when 'wrap' is set (and the line changes
|
|
|
542 length to become shorter or wider than the width of the screen), or
|
|
|
543 momentarily when typing over a CTRL character. A CTRL character takes up two
|
|
|
544 screen spaces. When replacing it with two normal characters, the first will
|
|
|
545 be inserted and the second will replace the CTRL character.
|
|
|
546
|
|
|
547 This mode is very useful for editing <Tab> separated columns in tables, for
|
|
|
548 entering new data while keeping all the columns aligned.
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
550 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
551 7. Insert mode completion *ins-completion*
|
|
|
552
|
|
449
|
553 In Insert and Replace mode, there are several commands to complete part of a
|
|
7
|
554 keyword or line that has been typed. This is useful if you are using
|
|
|
555 complicated keywords (e.g., function names with capitals and underscores).
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
557 These commands are not available when the |+insert_expand| feature was
|
|
|
558 disabled at compile time.
|
|
|
559
|
|
|
560 Completion can be done for:
|
|
|
561
|
|
|
562 1. Whole lines |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L|
|
|
|
563 2. keywords in the current file |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-N|
|
|
|
564 3. keywords in 'dictionary' |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K|
|
|
|
565 4. keywords in 'thesaurus', thesaurus-style |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T|
|
|
|
566 5. keywords in the current and included files |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I|
|
|
|
567 6. tags |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]|
|
|
|
568 7. file names |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F|
|
|
|
569 8. definitions or macros |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D|
|
|
|
570 9. Vim command-line |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-V|
|
|
449
|
571 10. User defined completion |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-U|
|
|
523
|
572 11. omni completion |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O|
|
|
477
|
573 12. Spelling suggestions |i_CTRL-X_s|
|
|
|
574 13. keywords in 'complete' |i_CTRL-N|
|
|
7
|
575
|
|
|
576 All these (except 2) are done in CTRL-X mode. This is a sub-mode of Insert
|
|
|
577 and Replace modes. You enter CTRL-X mode by typing CTRL-X and one of the
|
|
|
578 CTRL-X commands. You exit CTRL-X mode by typing a key that is not a valid
|
|
|
579 CTRL-X mode command. Valid keys are the CTRL-X command itself, CTRL-N (next),
|
|
|
580 and CTRL-P (previous).
|
|
|
581
|
|
|
582 Also see the 'infercase' option if you want to adjust the case of the match.
|
|
|
583
|
|
|
584 Note: The keys that are valid in CTRL-X mode are not mapped. This allows for
|
|
|
585 ":map ^F ^X^F" to work (where ^F is CTRL-F and ^X is CTRL-X). The key that
|
|
|
586 ends CTRL-X mode (any key that is not a valid CTRL-X mode command) is mapped.
|
|
|
587 Also, when doing completion with 'complete' mappings apply as usual.
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
589 The following mappings are suggested to make typing the completion commands
|
|
|
590 a bit easier (although they will hide other commands): >
|
|
|
591 :inoremap ^] ^X^]
|
|
|
592 :inoremap ^F ^X^F
|
|
|
593 :inoremap ^D ^X^D
|
|
|
594 :inoremap ^L ^X^L
|
|
|
595
|
|
|
596 As a special case, typing CTRL-R to perform register insertion (see
|
|
|
597 |i_CTRL-R|) will not exit CTRL-X mode. This is primarily to allow the use of
|
|
|
598 the '=' register to call some function to determine the next operation. If
|
|
|
599 the contents of the register (or result of the '=' register evaluation) are
|
|
|
600 not valid CTRL-X mode keys, then CTRL-X mode will be exited as if those keys
|
|
|
601 had been typed.
|
|
|
602
|
|
|
603 For example, the following will map <Tab> to either actually insert a <Tab> if
|
|
|
604 the current line is currently only whitespace, or start/continue a CTRL-N
|
|
|
605 completion operation: >
|
|
|
606
|
|
|
607 function! CleverTab()
|
|
|
608 if strpart( getline('.'), 0, col('.')-1 ) =~ '^\s*$'
|
|
|
609 return "\<Tab>"
|
|
|
610 else
|
|
|
611 return "\<C-N>"
|
|
|
612 endfunction
|
|
|
613 inoremap <Tab> <C-R>=CleverTab()<CR>
|
|
|
614
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
616
|
|
|
617 Completing whole lines *compl-whole-line*
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
619 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L*
|
|
|
620 CTRL-X CTRL-L Search backwards for a line that starts with the
|
|
459
|
621 same characters as those in the current line before
|
|
|
622 the cursor. Indent is ignored. The matching line is
|
|
7
|
623 inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
459
|
624 The 'complete' option is used to decide which buffers
|
|
|
625 are searched for a match. Only loaded buffers are
|
|
|
626 used.
|
|
7
|
627 CTRL-L or
|
|
|
628 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching line. This line
|
|
|
629 replaces the previous matching line.
|
|
|
630
|
|
|
631 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching line. This line
|
|
|
632 replaces the previous matching line.
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
634 CTRL-X CTRL-L After expanding a line you can additionally get the
|
|
|
635 line next to it by typing CTRL-X CTRL-L again, unless
|
|
|
636 a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
637
|
|
|
638 Completing keywords in current file *compl-current*
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
640 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-P*
|
|
|
641 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-N*
|
|
|
642 CTRL-X CTRL-N Search forwards for words that start with the keyword
|
|
|
643 in front of the cursor. The found keyword is inserted
|
|
|
644 in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
645
|
|
|
646 CTRL-X CTRL-P Search backwards for words that start with the keyword
|
|
|
647 in front of the cursor. The found keyword is inserted
|
|
|
648 in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
650 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
651 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
652
|
|
|
653 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
654 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
655
|
|
|
656 CTRL-X CTRL-N or
|
|
|
657 CTRL-X CTRL-P Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-N or CTRL-X CTRL-P will
|
|
|
658 copy the words following the previous expansion in
|
|
|
659 other contexts unless a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
660
|
|
|
661 If there is a keyword in front of the cursor (a name made out of alphabetic
|
|
|
662 characters and characters in 'iskeyword'), it is used as the search pattern,
|
|
|
663 with "\<" prepended (meaning: start of a word). Otherwise "\<\k\k" is used
|
|
|
664 as search pattern (start of any keyword of at least two characters).
|
|
|
665
|
|
|
666 In Replace mode, the number of characters that are replaced depends on the
|
|
|
667 length of the matched string. This works like typing the characters of the
|
|
|
668 matched string in Replace mode.
|
|
|
669
|
|
|
670 If there is not a valid keyword character before the cursor, any keyword of
|
|
|
671 at least two characters is matched.
|
|
|
672 e.g., to get:
|
|
|
673 printf("(%g, %g, %g)", vector[0], vector[1], vector[2]);
|
|
|
674 just type:
|
|
|
675 printf("(%g, %g, %g)", vector[0], ^P[1], ^P[2]);
|
|
|
676
|
|
523
|
677 The search wraps around the end of the file, the value of 'wrapscan' is not
|
|
|
678 used here.
|
|
|
679
|
|
7
|
680 Multiple repeats of the same completion are skipped; thus a different match
|
|
|
681 will be inserted at each CTRL-N and CTRL-P (unless there is only one
|
|
|
682 matching keyword).
|
|
|
683
|
|
|
684 Single character matches are never included, as they usually just get in
|
|
|
685 the way of what you were really after.
|
|
|
686 e.g., to get:
|
|
|
687 printf("name = %s\n", name);
|
|
|
688 just type:
|
|
|
689 printf("name = %s\n", n^P);
|
|
|
690 or even:
|
|
|
691 printf("name = %s\n", ^P);
|
|
|
692 The 'n' in '\n' is skipped.
|
|
|
693
|
|
|
694 After expanding a word, you can use CTRL-X CTRL-P or CTRL-X CTRL-N to get the
|
|
|
695 word following the expansion in other contexts. These sequences search for
|
|
|
696 the text just expanded and further expand by getting an extra word. This is
|
|
|
697 useful if you need to repeat a sequence of complicated words. Although CTRL-P
|
|
|
698 and CTRL-N look just for strings of at least two characters, CTRL-X CTRL-P and
|
|
|
699 CTRL-X CTRL-N can be used to expand words of just one character.
|
|
|
700 e.g., to get:
|
|
|
701 México
|
|
|
702 you can type:
|
|
|
703 M^N^P^X^P^X^P
|
|
|
704 CTRL-N starts the expansion and then CTRL-P takes back the single character
|
|
|
705 "M", the next two CTRL-X CTRL-P's get the words "é" and ";xico".
|
|
|
706
|
|
|
707 If the previous expansion was split, because it got longer than 'textwidth',
|
|
|
708 then just the text in the current line will be used.
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
710 If the match found is at the end of a line, then the first word in the next
|
|
|
711 line will be inserted and the message "word from next line" displayed, if
|
|
|
712 this word is accepted the next CTRL-X CTRL-P or CTRL-X CTRL-N will search
|
|
|
713 for those lines starting with this word.
|
|
|
714
|
|
|
715
|
|
|
716 Completing keywords in 'dictionary' *compl-dictionary*
|
|
|
717
|
|
|
718 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K*
|
|
|
719 CTRL-X CTRL-K Search the files given with the 'dictionary' option
|
|
|
720 for words that start with the keyword in front of the
|
|
|
721 cursor. This is like CTRL-N, but only the dictionary
|
|
|
722 files are searched, not the current file. The found
|
|
|
723 keyword is inserted in front of the cursor. This
|
|
|
724 could potentially be pretty slow, since all matches
|
|
|
725 are found before the first match is used. By default,
|
|
|
726 the 'dictionary' option is empty.
|
|
|
727 For suggestions where to find a list of words, see the
|
|
|
728 'dictionary' option.
|
|
|
729
|
|
|
730 CTRL-K or
|
|
|
731 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
732 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
733
|
|
|
734 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
735 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
736
|
|
|
737 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T*
|
|
236
|
738 CTRL-X CTRL-T Works as CTRL-X CTRL-K, but in a special way. It uses
|
|
7
|
739 the 'thesaurus' option instead of 'dictionary'. If a
|
|
|
740 match is found in the thesaurus file, all the
|
|
|
741 remaining words on the same line are included as
|
|
|
742 matches, even though they don't complete the word.
|
|
|
743 Thus a word can be completely replaced.
|
|
|
744
|
|
|
745 For an example, imagine the 'thesaurus' file has a
|
|
|
746 line like this: >
|
|
|
747 angry furious mad enraged
|
|
|
748 < Placing the cursor after the letters "ang" and typing
|
|
|
749 CTRL-X CTRL-T would complete the word "angry";
|
|
|
750 subsequent presses would change the word to "furious",
|
|
|
751 "mad" etc.
|
|
|
752 Other uses include translation between two languages,
|
|
|
753 or grouping API functions by keyword.
|
|
|
754
|
|
|
755 CTRL-T or
|
|
|
756 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
757 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
758
|
|
|
759 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
760 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
761
|
|
|
762
|
|
|
763 Completing keywords in the current and included files *compl-keyword*
|
|
|
764
|
|
|
765 The 'include' option is used to specify a line that contains an include file
|
|
|
766 name. The 'path' option is used to search for include files.
|
|
|
767
|
|
|
768 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I*
|
|
|
769 CTRL-X CTRL-I Search for the first keyword in the current and
|
|
|
770 included files that starts with the same characters
|
|
|
771 as those before the cursor. The matched keyword is
|
|
|
772 inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
773
|
|
|
774 CTRL-N Search forwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
775 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
776 Note: CTRL-I is the same as <Tab>, which is likely to
|
|
|
777 be typed after a successful completion, therefore
|
|
|
778 CTRL-I is not used for searching for the next match.
|
|
|
779
|
|
|
780 CTRL-P Search backward for previous matching keyword. This
|
|
|
781 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
782
|
|
|
783 CTRL-X CTRL-I Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-I will copy the words
|
|
|
784 following the previous expansion in other contexts
|
|
|
785 unless a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
787 Completing tags *compl-tag*
|
|
|
788 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]*
|
|
|
789 CTRL-X CTRL-] Search for the first tag that starts with the same
|
|
|
790 characters as before the cursor. The matching tag is
|
|
|
791 inserted in front of the cursor. Alphabetic
|
|
|
792 characters and characters in 'iskeyword' are used
|
|
|
793 to decide which characters are included in the tag
|
|
|
794 name (same as for a keyword). See also |CTRL-]|.
|
|
|
795 The 'showfulltag' option can be used to add context
|
|
|
796 from around the tag definition.
|
|
|
797 CTRL-] or
|
|
|
798 CTRL-N Search forwards for next matching tag. This tag
|
|
|
799 replaces the previous matching tag.
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
801 CTRL-P Search backward for previous matching tag. This tag
|
|
|
802 replaces the previous matching tag.
|
|
|
803
|
|
|
804
|
|
|
805 Completing file names *compl-filename*
|
|
|
806 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F*
|
|
|
807 CTRL-X CTRL-F Search for the first file name that starts with the
|
|
|
808 same characters as before the cursor. The matching
|
|
|
809 file name is inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
810 Alphabetic characters and characters in 'isfname'
|
|
|
811 are used to decide which characters are included in
|
|
|
812 the file name. Note: the 'path' option is not used
|
|
|
813 here (yet).
|
|
|
814 CTRL-F or
|
|
|
815 CTRL-N Search forwards for next matching file name. This
|
|
|
816 file name replaces the previous matching file name.
|
|
|
817
|
|
|
818 CTRL-P Search backward for previous matching file name.
|
|
|
819 This file name replaces the previous matching file
|
|
|
820 name.
|
|
|
821
|
|
|
822
|
|
|
823 Completing definitions or macros *compl-define*
|
|
|
824
|
|
|
825 The 'define' option is used to specify a line that contains a definition.
|
|
|
826 The 'include' option is used to specify a line that contains an include file
|
|
|
827 name. The 'path' option is used to search for include files.
|
|
|
828
|
|
|
829 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D*
|
|
|
830 CTRL-X CTRL-D Search in the current and included files for the
|
|
|
831 first definition (or macro) name that starts with
|
|
|
832 the same characters as before the cursor. The found
|
|
|
833 definition name is inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
834 CTRL-D or
|
|
|
835 CTRL-N Search forwards for next matching macro name. This
|
|
|
836 macro name replaces the previous matching macro
|
|
|
837 name.
|
|
|
838
|
|
|
839 CTRL-P Search backward for previous matching macro name.
|
|
|
840 This macro name replaces the previous matching macro
|
|
|
841 name.
|
|
|
842
|
|
|
843 CTRL-X CTRL-D Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-D will copy the words
|
|
|
844 following the previous expansion in other contexts
|
|
|
845 unless a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
846
|
|
|
847
|
|
|
848 Completing Vim commands *compl-vim*
|
|
|
849
|
|
|
850 Completion is context-sensitive. It works like on the Command-line. It
|
|
449
|
851 completes an Ex command as well as its arguments. This is useful when writing
|
|
|
852 a Vim script.
|
|
7
|
853
|
|
|
854 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-V*
|
|
|
855 CTRL-X CTRL-V Guess what kind of item is in front of the cursor and
|
|
|
856 find the first match for it.
|
|
|
857 Note: When CTRL-V is mapped you can often use CTRL-Q
|
|
|
858 instead |i_CTRL-Q|.
|
|
|
859 CTRL-V or
|
|
|
860 CTRL-N Search forwards for next match. This match replaces
|
|
|
861 the previous one.
|
|
|
862
|
|
|
863 CTRL-P Search backward for previous match. This match
|
|
|
864 replaces the previous one.
|
|
|
865
|
|
|
866 CTRL-X CTRL-V Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-V will do the same as
|
|
|
867 CTRL-V. This allows mapping a key to do Vim command
|
|
|
868 completion, for example: >
|
|
|
869 :imap <Tab> <C-X><C-V>
|
|
|
870
|
|
449
|
871 User defined completion *compl-function*
|
|
12
|
872
|
|
|
873 Completion is done by a function that can be defined by the user with the
|
|
502
|
874 'completefunc' option. See the 'completefunc' help for how the function
|
|
|
875 is called and an example.
|
|
12
|
876
|
|
|
877 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-U*
|
|
|
878 CTRL-X CTRL-U Guess what kind of item is in front of the cursor and
|
|
|
879 find the first match for it.
|
|
|
880 CTRL-U or
|
|
|
881 CTRL-N Use the next match. This match replaces the previous
|
|
|
882 one.
|
|
|
883
|
|
|
884 CTRL-P Use the previous match. This match replaces the
|
|
|
885 previous one.
|
|
|
886
|
|
|
887
|
|
523
|
888 Omni completion *compl-omni*
|
|
449
|
889
|
|
502
|
890 Completion is done by a function that can be defined by the user with the
|
|
523
|
891 'omnifunc' option. This is to be used for filetype-specific completion.
|
|
502
|
892
|
|
|
893 See the 'completefunc' help for how the function is called and an example.
|
|
523
|
894 For remarks about specific filetypes see |compl-omni-filetypes|.
|
|
449
|
895
|
|
|
896 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O*
|
|
|
897 CTRL-X CTRL-O Guess what kind of item is in front of the cursor and
|
|
|
898 find the first match for it.
|
|
|
899 CTRL-O or
|
|
|
900 CTRL-N Use the next match. This match replaces the previous
|
|
|
901 one.
|
|
|
902
|
|
|
903 CTRL-P Use the previous match. This match replaces the
|
|
|
904 previous one.
|
|
|
905
|
|
|
906
|
|
477
|
907 Spelling suggestions *compl-spelling*
|
|
|
908
|
|
483
|
909 A word before or at the cursor is located and correctly spelled words are
|
|
|
910 suggested to replace it. If there is a badly spelled word in the line, before
|
|
|
911 or under the cursor, the cursor is moved to after it. Otherwise the word just
|
|
|
912 before the cursor is used for suggestions, even though it isn't badly spelled.
|
|
|
913
|
|
477
|
914 NOTE: CTRL-S suspends display in many Unix terminals. Use 's' instead. Type
|
|
|
915 CTRL-Q to resume displaying.
|
|
|
916
|
|
|
917 *i_CTRL-X_CTRL-S* *i_CTRL-X_s*
|
|
|
918 CTRL-X CTRL-S or
|
|
|
919 CTRL-X s Locate the word in front of the cursor and find the
|
|
|
920 first spell suggestion for it.
|
|
|
921 CTRL-S or
|
|
|
922 CTRL-N Use the next suggestion. This replaces the previous
|
|
|
923 one. Note that you can't use 's' here.
|
|
|
924
|
|
|
925 CTRL-P Use the previous suggestion. This replaces the
|
|
|
926 previous one.
|
|
|
927
|
|
|
928
|
|
7
|
929 Completing keywords from different sources *compl-generic*
|
|
|
930
|
|
|
931 *i_CTRL-N*
|
|
|
932 CTRL-N Find next match for words that start with the
|
|
|
933 keyword in front of the cursor, looking in places
|
|
|
934 specified with the 'complete' option. The found
|
|
|
935 keyword is inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
936
|
|
|
937 *i_CTRL-P*
|
|
|
938 CTRL-P Find previous match for words that start with the
|
|
|
939 keyword in front of the cursor, looking in places
|
|
|
940 specified with the 'complete' option. The found
|
|
|
941 keyword is inserted in front of the cursor.
|
|
|
942
|
|
|
943 CTRL-N Search forward for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
944 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
945
|
|
|
946 CTRL-P Search backwards for next matching keyword. This
|
|
|
947 keyword replaces the previous matching keyword.
|
|
|
948
|
|
|
949 CTRL-X CTRL-N or
|
|
|
950 CTRL-X CTRL-P Further use of CTRL-X CTRL-N or CTRL-X CTRL-P will
|
|
|
951 copy the words following the previous expansion in
|
|
|
952 other contexts unless a double CTRL-X is used.
|
|
|
953
|
|
519
|
954
|
|
540
|
955 INSERT COMPLETION POPUP MENU *ins-completion-menu*
|
|
620
|
956 *popupmenu-completion*
|
|
540
|
957 Vim can display the matches in a simplistic popup menu.
|
|
|
958
|
|
|
959 The menu is used when:
|
|
|
960 - The 'completeopt' option contains "menu".
|
|
|
961 - The terminal supports at least 8 colors.
|
|
|
962 - There are at least two matches.
|
|
|
963
|
|
|
964 While the menu is displayed these keys have a special meaning:
|
|
|
965 <CR> and <Enter>: Accept the currently selected match
|
|
625
|
966 <Up>: Select the previous match, as if CTRL-P was used
|
|
|
967 <Down>: Select the next match, as if CTRL-N was used
|
|
609
|
968 <PageUp>: Select a match several entries back
|
|
|
969 <PageDown>: Select a match several entries further
|
|
540
|
970
|
|
|
971 The colors of the menu can be changed with these highlight groups:
|
|
|
972 Pmenu normal item |hl-Pmenu|
|
|
|
973 PmenuSel selected item |hl-PmenuSel|
|
|
|
974 PmenuSbar scrollbar |hl-PmenuSbar|
|
|
|
975 PmenuThumb thumb of the scrollbar |hl-PmenuThumb|
|
|
|
976
|
|
|
977
|
|
523
|
978 Filetype-specific remarks for omni completion *compl-omni-filetypes*
|
|
519
|
979
|
|
557
|
980
|
|
523
|
981 C *ft-c-omni*
|
|
519
|
982
|
|
523
|
983 Completion of C code requires a tags file. You should use Exuberant ctags,
|
|
|
984 because it adds extra information that is needed for completion. You can find
|
|
|
985 it here: http://ctags.sourceforge.net/
|
|
|
986 For version 5.5.4 you should add a patch that adds the "typename:" field:
|
|
519
|
987 ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/unstable/patches/ctags-5.5.4.patch
|
|
|
988
|
|
|
989 If you want to complete system functions you can do something like this. Use
|
|
|
990 ctags to generate a tags file for all the system header files: >
|
|
|
991 % ctags -R -f ~/.vim/systags /usr/include /usr/local/include
|
|
|
992 In your vimrc file add this tags file to the 'tags' option: >
|
|
|
993 set tags+=~/.vim/systags
|
|
|
994
|
|
|
995 When using CTRL-X CTRL-O after a name without any "." or "->" it is completed
|
|
|
996 from the tags file directly. This works for any identifier, also function
|
|
|
997 names. If you want to complete a local variable name, which does not appear
|
|
|
998 in the tags file, use CTRL-P instead.
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
1000 When using CTRL-X CTRL-O after something that has "." or "->" Vim will attempt
|
|
|
1001 to recognize the type of the variable and figure out what members it has.
|
|
|
1002 This means only members valid for the variable will be listed.
|
|
|
1003
|
|
523
|
1004 When a member name already was complete, CTRL-X CTRL-O will add a "." or
|
|
|
1005 "->" for composite types.
|
|
|
1006
|
|
519
|
1007 Vim doesn't include a C compiler, only the most obviously formatted
|
|
|
1008 declarations are recognized. Preprocessor stuff may cause confusion.
|
|
|
1009 When the same structure name appears in multiple places all possible members
|
|
|
1010 are included.
|
|
|
1011
|
|
529
|
1012
|
|
625
|
1013 CSS *ft-css-omni*
|
|
557
|
1014
|
|
|
1015 Complete properties and their appropriate values according to CSS 2.1
|
|
|
1016 specification.
|
|
|
1017
|
|
|
1018
|
|
625
|
1019 (X)HTML *ft-html-omni*
|
|
|
1020 *ft-xhtml-omni*
|
|
529
|
1021
|
|
532
|
1022 CTRL-X CTRL-O provides completion of various elements of (X)HTML files.
|
|
|
1023 It is designed to support writing of XHTML 1.0 Strict files but will
|
|
|
1024 also works for other versions of HTML. Features:
|
|
529
|
1025
|
|
532
|
1026 - after "<" complete tag name depending on context (no div suggest
|
|
|
1027 inside of an a tag)
|
|
|
1028 - inside of tag complete proper attributes (no width attribute for an
|
|
|
1029 a tag)
|
|
|
1030 - when attribute has limited number of possible values help to complete
|
|
|
1031 them
|
|
557
|
1032 - complete names of entities
|
|
532
|
1033 - complete values of "class" and "id" attributes with data obtained from
|
|
|
1034 style tag and included CSS files
|
|
|
1035 - when completing "style" attribute or working inside of "style" tag
|
|
|
1036 switch to |ft-css-omni| completion
|
|
|
1037 - when used after "</" CTRL-X CTRL-O will close the last opened tag
|
|
529
|
1038
|
|
557
|
1039 Note: When used first time completion menu will be shown with little delay
|
|
|
1040 - this is time needed for loading of data file.
|
|
|
1041
|
|
|
1042
|
|
625
|
1043 SYNTAX *ft-syntax-omni*
|
|
|
1044
|
|
|
1045 This uses the current syntax highlighting for completion. It can be used for
|
|
|
1046 any filetype and provides a minimal language-sensitive completion.
|
|
|
1047
|
|
|
1048 To enable code completion do: >
|
|
|
1049 source $VIMRUNTIME/autoload/syntaxcomplete.vim
|
|
|
1050
|
|
|
1051 You can automate this by placing this in your vimrc (after any ":filetype"
|
|
|
1052 command): >
|
|
|
1053 autocmd Filetype *
|
|
|
1054 \ if exists('&ofu') && &ofu == "" |
|
|
|
1055 \ source $VIMRUNTIME/autoload/syntaxcomplete.vim |
|
|
|
1056 \ endif
|
|
|
1057
|
|
|
1058 The above will set completion to this script only if a proper one does not
|
|
|
1059 already exist for that filetype.
|
|
|
1060
|
|
|
1061
|
|
|
1062 XML *ft-xml-omni*
|
|
557
|
1063
|
|
592
|
1064 Vim 7 provides mechanism to context aware completion of XML files. It depends
|
|
|
1065 on special |xml-omni-datafile| and two commands: |:XMLns| and |:XMLent|.
|
|
|
1066 Features are:
|
|
557
|
1067
|
|
|
1068 - after "<" complete tag name depending on context (no div suggest
|
|
|
1069 inside of an a tag)
|
|
|
1070 - inside of tag complete proper attributes (no width attribute for an
|
|
|
1071 a tag)
|
|
|
1072 - when attribute has limited number of possible values help to complete
|
|
|
1073 them
|
|
592
|
1074 - complete names of entities (defined in |xml-omni-datafile| and in current file
|
|
557
|
1075 with "<!ENTITY" declarations
|
|
|
1076 - when used after "</" CTRL-X CTRL-O will close the last opened tag
|
|
|
1077
|
|
625
|
1078 Format of XML data file *xml-omni-datafile*
|
|
557
|
1079
|
|
|
1080 Vim distribution provides two data files as examples (xhtml10s.vim, xsl.vim)
|
|
|
1081
|
|
|
1082 XML data files are stored in "autoload/xml" directory in 'runtimepath'. They
|
|
|
1083 have meaningful name which will be used in commands. It should be unique name
|
|
|
1084 which will not create conflicts in future. For example name xhtml10s.vim means
|
|
|
1085 it is data file for XHTML 1.0 Strict.
|
|
|
1086
|
|
|
1087 File contains one variable with fixed name: g:xmldata_xhtml10s . It is
|
|
|
1088 compound from two parts:
|
|
|
1089
|
|
|
1090 1. "g:xmldata_" general prefix
|
|
|
1091 2. "xhtml10s" name of file and name of described XML dialect
|
|
|
1092
|
|
|
1093 Part two must be exactly the same as name of file.
|
|
|
1094
|
|
|
1095 Variable is data structure in form of |Dictionary|. Keys are tag names and
|
|
|
1096 values are two element |List|. First element of List is also List with
|
|
|
1097 names of possible children, second element is |Dictionary| with names of
|
|
|
1098 attributes as keys and possible values of attributes as values. Example: >
|
|
|
1099
|
|
|
1100 let g:xmldata_crippledhtml = {
|
|
|
1101 \ "html":
|
|
|
1102 \ [ ["body", "head"], {"id": [], "xmlns": ["http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"],
|
|
|
1103 \ "lang": [], "xml:lang": [], "dir": ["ltr", "rtl"]}],
|
|
|
1104 \ "script":
|
|
|
1105 \ [ [], {"id": [], "charset": [], "type": ["text/javascript"], "src": [],
|
|
|
1106 \ "defer": ["BOOL"], "xml:space": ["preserve"]}],
|
|
|
1107 \ "meta":
|
|
|
1108 \ [ [], {"id": [], "http-equiv": [], "name": [], "content": [], "scheme":
|
|
|
1109 \ [], "lang": [], "xml:lang": [], "dir": ["ltr", "rtl"]}]
|
|
|
1110 \ "vimxmlentities": ["amp", "lt", "gt", "apos", "quot"]}
|
|
|
1111
|
|
|
1112 This example should be put in "autoload/xml/crippledhtml.vim" file.
|
|
|
1113
|
|
|
1114 In example are visible two special elements:
|
|
|
1115
|
|
|
1116 1. "vimxmlentities" - special key with List containing entities of this XML
|
|
|
1117 dialect.
|
|
|
1118 2. "BOOL" - value of attribute key showing if attribute should be inserted
|
|
|
1119 bare ("defer" vs. 'defer="'). It can be the only element of List of
|
|
|
1120 attribute values.
|
|
|
1121
|
|
|
1122 Note: Tag names in data file MUST not contain namespace description. Check
|
|
|
1123 xsl.vim for example.
|
|
|
1124
|
|
|
1125 Commands
|
|
|
1126
|
|
625
|
1127 :XMLns {name} [{namespace}] *:XMLns*
|
|
557
|
1128
|
|
|
1129 Vim has to know which data file should be used and with which namespace. For
|
|
|
1130 loading of data file and connecting data with prope namespace use |:XMLns|
|
|
|
1131 command. First (obligatory) argument is name of data (xhtml10s, xsl). Second
|
|
|
1132 argument is code of namespace (h, xsl). When used without second argument
|
|
|
1133 dialect will be used as default - without namespace declaration. For example
|
|
|
1134 to use XML completion in .xsl files: >
|
|
|
1135
|
|
|
1136 :XMLns xhtml10s
|
|
|
1137 :XMLns xsl xsl
|
|
|
1138
|
|
|
1139
|
|
625
|
1140 :XMLent {name} *:XMLent*
|
|
557
|
1141
|
|
|
1142 By default entities will be completed from data file of default
|
|
|
1143 namespace. XMLent command should be used in case when there is no
|
|
|
1144 default namespace: >
|
|
|
1145
|
|
625
|
1146 :XMLent xhtml10s
|
|
557
|
1147
|
|
|
1148 Usage
|
|
|
1149
|
|
|
1150 While used in situation (after declarations from previous part, | is
|
|
|
1151 cursor position): >
|
|
|
1152
|
|
625
|
1153 <|
|
|
557
|
1154
|
|
|
1155 Will complete to appropriate XHTML tag, and in this situation: >
|
|
|
1156
|
|
625
|
1157 <xsl:|
|
|
557
|
1158
|
|
|
1159 Will complete to appropriate XSL tag.
|
|
|
1160
|
|
|
1161 File xmlcomplete.vim provides through |autoload| mechanism
|
|
529
|
1162 GetLastOpenTag function which can be used in XML files to get name of
|
|
532
|
1163 last open tag with (b:unaryTagsStack has to be defined): >
|
|
529
|
1164
|
|
625
|
1165 :echo xmlcomplete#GetLastOpenTag("b:unaryTagsStack")
|
|
531
|
1166
|
|
529
|
1167
|
|
532
|
1168
|
|
|
1169
|
|
|
1170
|
|
7
|
1171 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1172 8. Insert mode commands *inserting*
|
|
|
1173
|
|
|
1174 The following commands can be used to insert new text into the buffer. They
|
|
|
1175 can all be undone and repeated with the "." command.
|
|
|
1176
|
|
|
1177 *a*
|
|
|
1178 a Append text after the cursor [count] times. If the
|
|
|
1179 cursor is in the first column of an empty line Insert
|
|
|
1180 starts there. But not when 'virtualedit' is set!
|
|
|
1181
|
|
|
1182 *A*
|
|
|
1183 A Append text at the end of the line [count] times.
|
|
|
1184
|
|
|
1185 <insert> or *i* *insert* *<Insert>*
|
|
|
1186 i Insert text before the cursor [count] times.
|
|
|
1187 When using CTRL-O in Insert mode |i_CTRL-O| the count
|
|
|
1188 is not supported.
|
|
|
1189
|
|
|
1190 *I*
|
|
|
1191 I Insert text before the first non-blank in the line
|
|
|
1192 [count] times.
|
|
164
|
1193 When the 'H' flag is present in 'cpoptions' and the
|
|
|
1194 line only contains blanks, insert start just before
|
|
|
1195 the last blank.
|
|
7
|
1196
|
|
|
1197 *gI*
|
|
|
1198 gI Insert text in column 1 [count] times. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1199
|
|
|
1200 *gi*
|
|
|
1201 gi Insert text in the same position as where Insert mode
|
|
|
1202 was stopped last time in the current buffer.
|
|
|
1203 This uses the |'^| mark. It's different from "`^i"
|
|
|
1204 when the mark is past the end of the line.
|
|
|
1205 The position is corrected for inserted/deleted lines,
|
|
|
1206 but NOT for inserted/deleted characters.
|
|
|
1207 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used the |'^|
|
|
9
|
1208 mark won't be changed.
|
|
7
|
1209 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1210
|
|
|
1211 *o*
|
|
|
1212 o Begin a new line below the cursor and insert text,
|
|
|
1213 repeat [count] times. {Vi: blank [count] screen
|
|
|
1214 lines}
|
|
164
|
1215 When the '#' flag is in 'cpoptions' the count is
|
|
|
1216 ignored.
|
|
7
|
1217
|
|
|
1218 *O*
|
|
|
1219 O Begin a new line above the cursor and insert text,
|
|
|
1220 repeat [count] times. {Vi: blank [count] screen
|
|
|
1221 lines}
|
|
164
|
1222 When the '#' flag is in 'cpoptions' the count is
|
|
|
1223 ignored.
|
|
7
|
1224
|
|
|
1225 These commands are used to start inserting text. You can end insert mode with
|
|
|
1226 <Esc>. See |mode-ins-repl| for the other special characters in Insert mode.
|
|
|
1227 The effect of [count] takes place after Insert mode is exited.
|
|
|
1228
|
|
|
1229 When 'autoindent' is on, the indent for a new line is obtained from the
|
|
|
1230 previous line. When 'smartindent' or 'cindent' is on, the indent for a line
|
|
|
1231 is automatically adjusted for C programs.
|
|
|
1232
|
|
|
1233 'textwidth' can be set to the maximum width for a line. When a line becomes
|
|
|
1234 too long when appending characters a line break is automatically inserted.
|
|
|
1235
|
|
|
1236
|
|
|
1237 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1238 9. Ex insert commands *inserting-ex*
|
|
|
1239
|
|
|
1240 *:a* *:append*
|
|
167
|
1241 :{range}a[ppend][!] Insert several lines of text below the specified
|
|
7
|
1242 line. If the {range} is missing, the text will be
|
|
|
1243 inserted after the current line.
|
|
167
|
1244 Adding [!] toggles 'autoindent' for the time this
|
|
|
1245 command is executed.
|
|
7
|
1246
|
|
|
1247 *:i* *:in* *:insert*
|
|
167
|
1248 :{range}i[nsert][!] Insert several lines of text above the specified
|
|
7
|
1249 line. If the {range} is missing, the text will be
|
|
|
1250 inserted before the current line.
|
|
167
|
1251 Adding [!] toggles 'autoindent' for the time this
|
|
|
1252 command is executed.
|
|
7
|
1253
|
|
|
1254 These two commands will keep on asking for lines, until you type a line
|
|
|
1255 containing only a ".". Watch out for lines starting with a backslash, see
|
|
|
1256 |line-continuation|.
|
|
167
|
1257 When these commands are used with |:global| or |:vglobal| then the lines are
|
|
|
1258 obtained from the text following the command. Separate lines with a NL
|
|
|
1259 escaped with a backslash: >
|
|
|
1260 :global/abc/insert\
|
|
|
1261 one line\
|
|
|
1262 another line
|
|
|
1263 The final "." is not needed then.
|
|
7
|
1264 NOTE: ":append" and ":insert" don't work properly in between ":if" and
|
|
74
|
1265 ":endif", ":for" and ":endfor", ":while" and ":endwhile".
|
|
7
|
1266
|
|
|
1267 *:start* *:startinsert*
|
|
|
1268 :star[tinsert][!] Start Insert mode just after executing this command.
|
|
|
1269 Works like typing "i" in Normal mode. When the ! is
|
|
|
1270 included it works like "A", append to the line.
|
|
|
1271 Otherwise insertion starts at the cursor position.
|
|
|
1272 Note that when using this command in a function or
|
|
|
1273 script, the insertion only starts after the function
|
|
|
1274 or script is finished.
|
|
446
|
1275 This command does not work from |:normal|.
|
|
7
|
1276 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1277 {not available when compiled without the +ex_extra
|
|
|
1278 feature}
|
|
|
1279
|
|
|
1280 *:stopi* *:stopinsert*
|
|
|
1281 :stopi[nsert] Stop Insert mode as soon as possible. Works like
|
|
|
1282 typing <Esc> in Insert mode.
|
|
|
1283 Can be used in an autocommand, example: >
|
|
|
1284 :au BufEnter scratch stopinsert
|
|
14
|
1285 <
|
|
|
1286 *replacing-ex* *:startreplace*
|
|
|
1287 :startr[eplace][!] Start Replace mode just after executing this command.
|
|
|
1288 Works just like typing "R" in Normal mode. When the
|
|
|
1289 ! is included it acts just like "$R" had been typed
|
|
|
1290 (ie. begin replace mode at the end-of-line). Other-
|
|
|
1291 wise replacement begins at the cursor position.
|
|
|
1292 Note that when using this command in a function or
|
|
|
1293 script that the replacement will only start after
|
|
|
1294 the function or script is finished.
|
|
|
1295 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1296 {not available when compiled without the +ex_extra
|
|
|
1297 feature}
|
|
7
|
1298
|
|
599
|
1299 *:startgreplace*
|
|
|
1300 :startg[replace][!] Just like |:startreplace|, but use Virtual Replace
|
|
|
1301 mode, like with |gR|.
|
|
|
1302 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1303 {not available when compiled without the +ex_extra
|
|
|
1304 feature}
|
|
|
1305
|
|
7
|
1306 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1307 10. Inserting a file *inserting-file*
|
|
|
1308
|
|
|
1309 *:r* *:re* *:read*
|
|
|
1310 :r[ead] [name] Insert the file [name] (default: current file) below
|
|
|
1311 the cursor.
|
|
|
1312
|
|
|
1313 :{range}r[ead] [name] Insert the file [name] (default: current file) below
|
|
|
1314 the specified line.
|
|
|
1315
|
|
|
1316 *:r!* *:read!*
|
|
|
1317 :r[ead] !{cmd} Execute {cmd} and insert its standard output below
|
|
|
1318 the cursor. A temporary file is used to store the
|
|
|
1319 output of the command which is then read into the
|
|
|
1320 buffer. 'shellredir' is used to save the output of
|
|
|
1321 the command, which can be set to include stderr or
|
|
|
1322 not. {cmd} is executed like with ":!{cmd}", any '!'
|
|
|
1323 is replaced with the previous command |:!|.
|
|
|
1324
|
|
|
1325 These commands insert the contents of a file, or the output of a command,
|
|
|
1326 into the buffer. They can be undone. They cannot be repeated with the "."
|
|
|
1327 command. They work on a line basis, insertion starts below the line in which
|
|
|
1328 the cursor is, or below the specified line. To insert text above the first
|
|
|
1329 line use the command ":0r {name}".
|
|
|
1330
|
|
|
1331 After the ":read" command, the cursor is left on the first non-blank in the
|
|
|
1332 first new line. Unless in Ex mode, then the cursor is left on the last new
|
|
|
1333 line (sorry, this is Vi compatible).
|
|
|
1334
|
|
|
1335 If a file name is given with ":r", it becomes the alternate file. This can be
|
|
|
1336 used, for example, when you want to edit that file instead: ":e! #". This can
|
|
|
1337 be switched off by removing the 'a' flag from the 'cpoptions' option.
|
|
|
1338
|
|
|
1339 *file-read*
|
|
|
1340 The 'fileformat' option sets the <EOL> style for a file:
|
|
|
1341 'fileformat' characters name ~
|
|
|
1342 "dos" <CR><NL> or <NL> DOS format
|
|
|
1343 "unix" <NL> Unix format
|
|
|
1344 "mac" <CR> Mac format
|
|
|
1345 Previously 'textmode' was used. It is obsolete now.
|
|
|
1346
|
|
|
1347 If 'fileformat' is "dos", a <CR> in front of an <NL> is ignored and a CTRL-Z
|
|
|
1348 at the end of the file is ignored.
|
|
|
1349
|
|
|
1350 If 'fileformat' is "mac", a <NL> in the file is internally represented by a
|
|
|
1351 <CR>. This is to avoid confusion with a <NL> which is used to represent a
|
|
|
1352 <NUL>. See |CR-used-for-NL|.
|
|
|
1353
|
|
|
1354 If the 'fileformats' option is not empty Vim tries to recognize the type of
|
|
|
1355 <EOL> (see |file-formats|). However, the 'fileformat' option will not be
|
|
|
1356 changed, the detected format is only used while reading the file.
|
|
|
1357 A similar thing happens with 'fileencodings'.
|
|
|
1358
|
|
|
1359 On non-MS-DOS, Win32, and OS/2 systems the message "[dos format]" is shown if
|
|
|
1360 a file is read in DOS format, to remind you that something unusual is done.
|
|
|
1361 On Macintosh, MS-DOS, Win32, and OS/2 the message "[unix format]" is shown if
|
|
|
1362 a file is read in Unix format.
|
|
|
1363 On non-Macintosh systems, the message "[Mac format]" is shown if a file is
|
|
|
1364 read in Mac format.
|
|
|
1365
|
|
|
1366 An example on how to use ":r !": >
|
|
|
1367 :r !uuencode binfile binfile
|
|
|
1368 This command reads "binfile", uuencodes it and reads it into the current
|
|
|
1369 buffer. Useful when you are editing e-mail and want to include a binary
|
|
|
1370 file.
|
|
|
1371
|
|
|
1372 *read-messages*
|
|
|
1373 When reading a file Vim will display a message with information about the read
|
|
|
1374 file. In the table is an explanation for some of the items. The others are
|
|
|
1375 self explanatory. Using the long or the short version depends on the
|
|
|
1376 'shortmess' option.
|
|
|
1377
|
|
|
1378 long short meaning ~
|
|
|
1379 [readonly] {RO} the file is write protected
|
|
|
1380 [fifo/socket] using a stream
|
|
|
1381 [fifo] using a fifo stream
|
|
|
1382 [socket] using a socket stream
|
|
|
1383 [CR missing] reading with "dos" 'fileformat' and a
|
|
|
1384 NL without a preceding CR was found.
|
|
|
1385 [NL found] reading with "mac" 'fileformat' and a
|
|
|
1386 NL was found (could be "unix" format)
|
|
|
1387 [long lines split] at least one line was split in two
|
|
|
1388 [NOT converted] conversion from 'fileencoding' to
|
|
|
1389 'encoding' was desired but not
|
|
|
1390 possible
|
|
|
1391 [converted] conversion from 'fileencoding' to
|
|
|
1392 'encoding' done
|
|
|
1393 [crypted] file was decrypted
|
|
|
1394 [READ ERRORS] not all of the file could be read
|
|
|
1395
|
|
|
1396
|
|
|
1397 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
