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1 ===============================================================================
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2 = W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.5 =
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3 ===============================================================================
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4
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5 Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to
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6 explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe
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7 enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as
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8 an all-purpose editor.
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9
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10 The approximate time required to complete the tutor is 25-30 minutes,
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11 depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation.
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12
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13 The commands in the lessons will modify the text. Make a copy of this
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14 file to practise on (if you started "vimtutor" this is already a copy).
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15
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16 It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by
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17 use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them
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18 properly. If you only read the text, you will forget the commands!
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19
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20 Now, make sure that your Shift-Lock key is NOT depressed and press
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21 the j key enough times to move the cursor so that Lesson 1.1
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22 completely fills the screen.
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23 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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24 Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR
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25
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26
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27 ** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. **
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28 ^
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29 k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left.
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30 < h l > The l key is at the right and moves right.
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31 j The j key looks like a down arrow
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32 v
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33 1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.
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34
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35 2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
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36 ---> Now you know how to move to the next lesson.
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37
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38 3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2.
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39
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40 Note: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place
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41 you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted.
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42
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43 Note: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to
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44 move around much faster, once you get used to it.
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45
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46 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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47 Lesson 1.2: ENTERING AND EXITING VIM
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48
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49
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50 !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
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51
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52 1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode).
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53
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54 2. Type: :q! <ENTER>.
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55
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56 ---> This exits the editor WITHOUT saving any changes you have made.
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57 If you want to save the changes and exit type:
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58 :wq <ENTER>
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59
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60 3. When you see the shell prompt, type the command that got you into this
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61 tutor. That could be: vimtutor <ENTER>
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62 Normally you would use: vim tutor <ENTER>
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63
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64 ---> 'vim' means enter the vim editor, 'tutor' is the file you wish to edit.
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65
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66 4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
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67 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor. Then move the cursor down
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68 to Lesson 1.3.
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69 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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70 Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
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71
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72
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73 ** While in Normal mode press x to delete the character under the cursor. **
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74
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75 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
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76
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77 2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
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78 character to be deleted.
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79
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80 3. Press the x key to delete the unwanted character.
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81
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82 4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.
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83
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84 ---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon.
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85
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86 5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4.
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87
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88 NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
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89
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90
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91
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92 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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93 Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION
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94
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95
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96 ** While in Normal mode press i to insert text. **
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97
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98 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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99
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100 2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
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101 of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted.
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102
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103 3. Press i and type in the necessary additions.
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104
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105 4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
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106 Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.
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107
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108 ---> There is text misng this .
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109 ---> There is some text missing from this line.
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110
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111 5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to the summary below.
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112
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113
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114
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115 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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116 LESSON 1 SUMMARY
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117
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118
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119 1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
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120 h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
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121
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122 2. To enter Vim (from the % prompt) type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>
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123
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124 3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
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125 OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.
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126
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127 4. To delete a character under the cursor in Normal mode type: x
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128
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129 5. To insert text at the cursor while in Normal mode type:
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130 i type in text <ESC>
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131
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132 NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
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133 an unwanted and partially completed command.
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134
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135 Now continue with Lesson 2.
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136
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137
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138 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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139 Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
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140
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141
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142 ** Type dw to delete to the end of a word. **
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143
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144 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
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145
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146 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
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147
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148 3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
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149
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150 4. Type dw to make the word disappear.
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151
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152 NOTE: The letters dw will appear on the last line of the screen as you type
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153 them. If you typed something wrong, press <ESC> and start over.
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154
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155 ---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence.
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156
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157 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2.
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158
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159
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160
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161 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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162 Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS
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163
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164
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165 ** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. **
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166
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167 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
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168
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169 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
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170
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171 3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ).
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172
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173 4. Type d$ to delete to the end of the line.
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174
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175 ---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice.
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176
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177
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178 5. Move on to Lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening.
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179
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180
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181
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182
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183
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184 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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185 Lesson 2.3: ON COMMANDS AND OBJECTS
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186
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187
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188 The format for the d delete command is as follows:
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189
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190 [number] d object OR d [number] object
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191 Where:
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192 number - is how many times to execute the command (optional, default=1).
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193 d - is the command to delete.
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194 object - is what the command will operate on (listed below).
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195
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196 A short list of objects:
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197 w - from the cursor to the end of the word, including the space.
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198 e - from the cursor to the end of the word, NOT including the space.
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199 $ - from the cursor to the end of the line.
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200
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201 NOTE: For the adventurous, pressing just the object while in Normal mode
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202 without a command will move the cursor as specified in the object list.
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203
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204
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205
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206
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207 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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208 Lesson 2.4: AN EXCEPTION TO 'COMMAND-OBJECT'
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209
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210
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211 ** Type dd to delete a whole line. **
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212
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213 Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
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214 it would be easier to simply type two d's in a row to delete a line.
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215
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216 1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
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217 2. Type dd to delete the line.
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218 3. Now move to the fourth line.
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219 4. Type 2dd (remember number-command-object) to delete the two lines.
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220
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221 1) Roses are red,
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222 2) Mud is fun,
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223 3) Violets are blue,
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224 4) I have a car,
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225 5) Clocks tell time,
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226 6) Sugar is sweet
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227 7) And so are you.
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228
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229
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230 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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231 Lesson 2.5: THE UNDO COMMAND
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232
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233
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234 ** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **
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235
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236 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
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237 first error.
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238 2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character.
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239 3. Now type u to undo the last command executed.
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240 4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the x command.
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241 5. Now type a capital U to return the line to its original state.
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242 6. Now type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands.
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243 7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times
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244 to redo the commands (undo the undo's).
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245
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246 ---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.
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247
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248 8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the Lesson 2 Summary.
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249
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250
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251
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252
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253 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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254 LESSON 2 SUMMARY
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255
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256
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257 1. To delete from the cursor to the end of a word type: dw
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258
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259 2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$
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260
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261 3. To delete a whole line type: dd
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262
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263 4. The format for a command in Normal mode is:
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264
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265 [number] command object OR command [number] object
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266 where:
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267 number - is how many times to repeat the command
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268 command - is what to do, such as d for delete
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269 object - is what the command should act upon, such as w (word),
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270 $ (to the end of line), etc.
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271
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272 5. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
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273 To undo all the changes on a line type: U (capital U)
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274 To undo the undo's type: CTRL-R
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275
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276 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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277 Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
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278
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279
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280 ** Type p to put the last deletion after the cursor. **
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281
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282 1. Move the cursor to the first line in the set below.
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283
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284 2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in Vim's buffer.
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285
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286 3. Move the cursor to the line ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
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287
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288 4. While in Normal mode, type p to replace the line.
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289
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290 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
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291
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292 d) Can you learn too?
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293 b) Violets are blue,
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294 c) Intelligence is learned,
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295 a) Roses are red,
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296
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297
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298
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299 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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300 Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
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301
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302
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303 ** Type r and a character to replace the character under the cursor. **
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304
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305 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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306
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307 2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
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308
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309 3. Type r and then the character which should replace the error.
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310
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311 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is correct.
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312
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313 ---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys!
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314 ---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!
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315
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316 5. Now move on to Lesson 3.2.
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317
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318 NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by use, not memorization.
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319
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320
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321
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322 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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323 Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE COMMAND
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324
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325
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326 ** To change part or all of a word, type cw . **
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327
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328 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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329
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330 2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw.
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331
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332 3. Type cw and the correct word (in this case, type 'ine'.)
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333
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334 4. Press <ESC> and move to the next error (the first character to be changed.)
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335
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336 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
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337
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338 ---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change command.
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339 ---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change command.
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340
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341 Notice that cw not only replaces the word, but also places you in insert.
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342
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343
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344
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345 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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346 Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
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347
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348
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349 ** The change command is used with the same objects as delete. **
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350
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351 1. The change command works in the same way as delete. The format is:
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352
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353 [number] c object OR c [number] object
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354
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355 2. The objects are also the same, such as w (word), $ (end of line), etc.
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356
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357 3. Move to the first line below marked --->.
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358
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359 4. Move the cursor to the first error.
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360
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361 5. Type c$ to make the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>.
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362
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363 ---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second.
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364 ---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.
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365
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366
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367
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368 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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369 LESSON 3 SUMMARY
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370
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371
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372 1. To replace text that has already been deleted, type p . This Puts the
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373 deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
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374 line below the cursor).
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375
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376 2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
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377 character which will replace the original.
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378
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379 3. The change command allows you to change the specified object from the
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380 cursor to the end of the object. eg. Type cw to change from the
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381 cursor to the end of the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.
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382
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383 4. The format for change is:
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384
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385 [number] c object OR c [number] object
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386
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387 Now go on to the next lesson.
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388
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389
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390
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391 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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392 Lesson 4.1: LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
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393
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394
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395 ** Type CTRL-g to show your location in the file and the file status.
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396 Type SHIFT-G to move to a line in the file. **
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397
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398 Note: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
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399
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400 1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . A status line will appear at the
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401 bottom of the page with the filename and the line you are on. Remember
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402 the line number for Step 3.
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403
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404 2. Press shift-G to move you to the bottom of the file.
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405
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406 3. Type in the number of the line you were on and then shift-G. This will
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407 return you to the line you were on when you first pressed Ctrl-g.
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408 (When you type in the numbers, they will NOT be displayed on the screen.)
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409
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410 4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
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411
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412
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413
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414 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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415 Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
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416
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417
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418 ** Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **
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419
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420 1. In Normal mode type the / character. Notice that it and the cursor
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421 appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command.
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422
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423 2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for.
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424
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|
425 3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n .
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|
426 To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type Shift-N .
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|
427
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|
428 4. If you want to search for a phrase in the backwards direction, use the
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|
|
429 command ? instead of /.
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|
|
430
|
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|
431 ---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error.
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432
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|
433 Note: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
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434 start.
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|
|
435
|
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|
436
|
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|
437 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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|
438 Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
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439
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440
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|
441 ** Type % to find a matching ),], or } . **
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442
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443 1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
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444
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445 2. Now type the % character.
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446
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447 3. The cursor should be on the matching parenthesis or bracket.
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|
448
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|
449 4. Type % to move the cursor back to the first bracket (by matching).
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|
450
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|
451 ---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. ))
|
|
|
452
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|
453 Note: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
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454
|
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455
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
457
|
|
|
458
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|
|
459
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|
460 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
461 Lesson 4.4: A WAY TO CHANGE ERRORS
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462
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463
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|
464 ** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. **
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465
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466 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
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467
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|
468 2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the
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469 first occurrence on the line.
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|
470
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|
471 3. Now type :s/thee/the/g meaning substitute globally on the line.
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|
472 This changes all occurrences on the line.
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|
473
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|
474 ---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.
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475
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476 4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
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477 type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the numbers of the two lines.
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|
478 Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
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479
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|
|
480
|
|
|
481
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
483 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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|
|
484 LESSON 4 SUMMARY
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|
485
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|
|
486
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|
487 1. Ctrl-g displays your location in the file and the file status.
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|
|
488 Shift-G moves to the end of the file. A line number followed
|
|
|
489 by Shift-G moves to that line number.
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|
|
490
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|
|
491 2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
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|
|
492 Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
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|
493 After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction
|
|
|
494 or Shift-N to search in the opposite direction.
|
|
|
495
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|
|
496 3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } locates its
|
|
|
497 matching pair.
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|
498
|
|
|
499 4. To substitute new for the first old on a line type :s/old/new
|
|
|
500 To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type :s/old/new/g
|
|
|
501 To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g
|
|
|
502 To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g
|
|
|
503 To ask for confirmation each time add 'c' :%s/old/new/gc
|
|
|
504
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
506 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
507 Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
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|
|
508
|
|
|
509
|
|
|
510 ** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. **
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
512 1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the
|
|
|
513 screen. This allows you to enter a command.
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
515 2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to
|
|
|
516 execute any external shell command.
|
|
|
517
|
|
|
518 3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This
|
|
|
519 will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
|
|
|
520 shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn't work.
|
|
|
521
|
|
|
522 Note: It is possible to execute any external command this way.
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 Note: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
527
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
529 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
530 Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
533 ** To save the changes made to the file, type :w FILENAME. **
|
|
|
534
|
|
|
535 1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory.
|
|
|
536 You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this.
|
|
|
537
|
|
|
538 2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
540 3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.)
|
|
|
541
|
|
|
542 4. This saves the whole file (Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
|
|
|
543 To verify this, type :!dir again to see your directory
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
545 Note: If you were to exit Vim and enter again with the filename TEST, the file
|
|
|
546 would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.
|
|
|
547
|
|
|
548 5. Now remove the file by typing (MS-DOS): :!del TEST
|
|
|
549 or (Unix): :!rm TEST
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
552 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
553 Lesson 5.3: A SELECTIVE WRITE COMMAND
|
|
|
554
|
|
|
555
|
|
|
556 ** To save part of the file, type :#,# w FILENAME **
|
|
|
557
|
|
|
558 1. Once again, type :!dir or :!ls to obtain a listing of your directory
|
|
|
559 and choose a suitable filename such as TEST.
|
|
|
560
|
|
|
561 2. Move the cursor to the top of this page and type Ctrl-g to find the
|
|
|
562 number of that line. REMEMBER THIS NUMBER!
|
|
|
563
|
|
|
564 3. Now move to the bottom of the page and type Ctrl-g again. REMEMBER THIS
|
|
|
565 LINE NUMBER ALSO!
|
|
|
566
|
|
|
567 4. To save ONLY a section to a file, type :#,# w TEST where #,# are
|
|
|
568 the two numbers you remembered (top,bottom) and TEST is your filename.
|
|
|
569
|
|
|
570 5. Again, see that the file is there with :!dir but DO NOT remove it.
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
572
|
|
|
573
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
575 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
576 Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
578
|
|
|
579 ** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME **
|
|
|
580
|
|
|
581 1. Type :!dir to make sure your TEST filename is present from before.
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
583 2. Place the cursor at the top of this page.
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
585 NOTE: After executing Step 3 you will see Lesson 5.3. Then move DOWN to
|
|
|
586 this lesson again.
|
|
|
587
|
|
|
588 3. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is
|
|
|
589 the name of the file.
|
|
|
590
|
|
|
591 NOTE: The file you retrieve is placed starting where the cursor is located.
|
|
|
592
|
|
|
593 4. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
|
|
|
594 are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the file version.
|
|
|
595
|
|
|
596
|
|
|
597
|
|
|
598 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
599 LESSON 5 SUMMARY
|
|
|
600
|
|
|
601
|
|
|
602 1. :!command executes an external command.
|
|
|
603
|
|
|
604 Some useful examples are:
|
|
|
605 (MS-DOS) (Unix)
|
|
|
606 :!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
|
|
|
607 :!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.
|
|
|
610
|
|
|
611 3. :#,#w FILENAME saves the lines # through # in file FILENAME.
|
|
|
612
|
|
|
613 4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and inserts it into the
|
|
|
614 current file following the cursor position.
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
616
|
|
|
617
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
619
|
|
|
620
|
|
|
621 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
622 Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
624
|
|
|
625 ** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **
|
|
|
626
|
|
|
627 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
|
|
|
628
|
|
|
629 2. Type o (lowercase) to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place you in
|
|
|
630 Insert mode.
|
|
|
631
|
|
|
632 3. Now copy the line marked ---> and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode.
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
634 ---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode.
|
|
|
635
|
|
|
636 4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather
|
|
|
637 than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below.
|
|
|
638 Open up a line above this by typing Shift-O while the cursor is on this line.
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
640
|
|
|
641
|
|
|
642
|
|
|
643
|
|
|
644 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
645 Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND
|
|
|
646
|
|
|
647
|
|
|
648 ** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. **
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
650 1. Move the cursor to the end of the first line below marked ---> by
|
|
|
651 typing $ in Normal mode.
|
|
|
652
|
|
|
653 2. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the character under the
|
|
|
654 cursor. (Uppercase A appends to the end of the line.)
|
|
|
655
|
|
|
656 Note: This avoids typing i , the last character, the text to insert, <ESC>,
|
|
|
657 cursor-right, and finally, x , just to append to the end of a line!
|
|
|
658
|
|
|
659 3. Now complete the first line. Note also that append is exactly the same
|
|
|
660 as Insert mode, except for the location where text is inserted.
|
|
|
661
|
|
|
662 ---> This line will allow you to practice
|
|
|
663 ---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to the end of a line.
|
|
|
664
|
|
|
665
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
667 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
668 Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER VERSION OF REPLACE
|
|
|
669
|
|
|
670
|
|
|
671 ** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. **
|
|
|
672
|
|
|
673 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
|
|
|
674
|
|
|
675 2. Place the cursor at the beginning of the first word that is different
|
|
|
676 from the second line marked ---> (the word 'last').
|
|
|
677
|
|
|
678 3. Now type R and replace the remainder of the text on the first line by
|
|
|
679 typing over the old text to make the first line the same as the second.
|
|
|
680
|
|
|
681 ---> To make the first line the same as the last on this page use the keys.
|
|
|
682 ---> To make the first line the same as the second, type R and the new text.
|
|
|
683
|
|
|
684 4. Note that when you press <ESC> to exit, any unaltered text remains.
|
|
|
685
|
|
|
686
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
688
|
|
|
689
|
|
|
690 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
691 Lesson 6.4: SET OPTION
|
|
|
692
|
|
|
693 ** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case **
|
|
|
694
|
|
|
695 1. Search for 'ignore' by entering:
|
|
|
696 /ignore
|
|
|
697 Repeat several times by hitting the n key
|
|
|
698
|
|
|
699 2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by typing:
|
|
|
700 :set ic
|
|
|
701
|
|
|
702 3. Now search for 'ignore' again by entering: n
|
|
|
703 Repeat search several more times by hitting the n key
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
705 4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options:
|
|
|
706 :set hls is
|
|
|
707
|
|
|
708 5. Now enter the search command again, and see what happens:
|
|
|
709 /ignore
|
|
|
710
|
|
|
711 6. To remove the highlighting of matches, type:
|
|
|
712 :nohlsearch
|
|
|
713 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
714 LESSON 6 SUMMARY
|
|
|
715
|
|
|
716
|
|
|
717 1. Typing o opens a line BELOW the cursor and places the cursor on the open
|
|
|
718 line in Insert mode.
|
|
|
719 Typing a capital O opens the line ABOVE the line the cursor is on.
|
|
|
720
|
|
|
721 2. Type an a to insert text AFTER the character the cursor is on.
|
|
|
722 Typing a capital A automatically appends text to the end of the line.
|
|
|
723
|
|
|
724 3. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed to exit.
|
|
|
725
|
|
|
726 4. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx"
|
|
|
727
|
|
|
728
|
|
|
729
|
|
|
730
|
|
|
731
|
|
|
732
|
|
|
733
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
735
|
|
|
736 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
737 LESSON 7: ON-LINE HELP COMMANDS
|
|
|
738
|
|
|
739
|
|
|
740 ** Use the on-line help system **
|
|
|
741
|
|
|
742 Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of
|
|
|
743 these three:
|
|
|
744 - press the <HELP> key (if you have one)
|
|
|
745 - press the <F1> key (if you have one)
|
|
|
746 - type :help <ENTER>
|
|
|
747
|
|
|
748 Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window.
|
|
|
749
|
|
|
750 You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the
|
|
|
751 ":help" command. Try these (don't forget pressing <ENTER>):
|
|
|
752
|
|
|
753 :help w
|
|
|
754 :help c_<T
|
|
|
755 :help insert-index
|
|
|
756 :help user-manual
|
|
|
757
|
|
|
758
|
|
|
759 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
760 LESSON 8: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT
|
|
|
761
|
|
|
762 ** Switch on Vim features **
|
|
|
763
|
|
|
764 Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by default.
|
|
|
765 To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file.
|
|
|
766
|
|
|
767 1. Start editing the "vimrc" file, this depends on your system:
|
|
|
768 :edit ~/.vimrc for Unix
|
|
|
769 :edit $VIM/_vimrc for MS-Windows
|
|
|
770
|
|
|
771 2. Now read the example "vimrc" file text:
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
773 :read $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
|
|
|
774
|
|
|
775 3. Write the file with:
|
|
|
776
|
|
|
777 :write
|
|
|
778
|
|
|
779 The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting.
|
|
|
780 You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file.
|
|
|
781
|
|
|
782 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
783
|
|
|
784 This concludes the Vim Tutor. It was intended to give a brief overview of
|
|
|
785 the Vim editor, just enough to allow you to use the editor fairly easily.
|
|
|
786 It is far from complete as Vim has many many more commands. Read the user
|
|
|
787 manual next: ":help user-manual".
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
789 For further reading and studying, this book is recommended:
|
|
|
790 Vim - Vi Improved - by Steve Oualline
|
|
|
791 Publisher: New Riders
|
|
|
792 The first book completely dedicated to Vim. Especially useful for beginners.
|
|
|
793 There are many examples and pictures.
|
|
|
794 See http://iccf-holland.org/click5.html
|
|
|
795
|
|
|
796 This book is older and more about Vi than Vim, but also recommended:
|
|
|
797 Learning the Vi Editor - by Linda Lamb
|
|
|
798 Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates Inc.
|
|
|
799 It is a good book to get to know almost anything you want to do with Vi.
|
|
|
800 The sixth edition also includes information on Vim.
|
|
|
801
|
|
|
802 This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware,
|
|
|
803 Colorado School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith,
|
|
|
804 Colorado State University. E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu.
|
|
|
805
|
|
|
806 Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar.
|
|
|
807
|
|
|
808 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
