annotate runtime/tutor/tutor.es.utf-8 @ 29796:3f88a6d02354 v9.0.0237

patch 9.0.0237: Mac: cannot build if dispatch.h is not available Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/e24a14118c29d910d3be59203332768b5fbd93e8 Author: Evan Miller <emmiller@gmail.com> Date: Sun Aug 21 17:24:00 2022 +0100 patch 9.0.0237: Mac: cannot build if dispatch.h is not available Problem: Mac: cannot build if dispatch.h is not available. Solution: Add #ifdef. (Evan Miller, closes https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/10954)
author Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
date Sun, 21 Aug 2022 18:30:02 +0200
parents b96ceb97e896
children 3295247d97a5
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1 ===============================================================================
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2 = B i e n v e n i d o a l t u t o r d e V I M - Versión 1.7 =
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3 ===============================================================================
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4
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5 Vim es un editor muy potente que dispone de muchos comandos, demasiados
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6 para ser explicados en un tutor como éste. Este tutor está diseñado
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7 para describir suficientes comandos para que usted sea capaz de
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8 aprender fácilmente a usar Vim como un editor de propósito general.
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9
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10 El tiempo necesario para completar el tutor es aproximadamente de 30
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11 minutos, dependiendo de cuánto tiempo se dedique a la experimentación.
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12
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13 Los comandos de estas lecciones modificarán el texto. Haga una copia de
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14 este fichero para practicar (con «vimtutor» esto ya es una copia).
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15
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16 Es importante recordar que este tutor está pensado para enseñar con
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17 la práctica. Esto significa que es necesario ejecutar los comandos
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18 para aprenderlos adecuadamente. Si únicamente lee el texto, ¡se le
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19 olvidarán los comandos.
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20
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21 Ahora, asegúrese de que la tecla de bloqueo de mayúsculas NO está
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22 activada y pulse la tecla j lo suficiente para mover el cursor
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23 de forma que la Lección 1.1 ocupe completamente la pantalla.
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24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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25 Lección 1.1: MOVER EL CURSOR
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26
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27 ** Para mover el cursor, pulse las teclas h,j,k,l de la forma indicada. **
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28 ^
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29 k Indicación: La tecla h está a la izquierda y lo mueve a la izquierda.
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30 < h l > La tecla l está a la derecha y lo mueve a la derecha.
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31 j La tecla j parece una flecha que apunta hacia abajo.
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32 v
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33
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34 1. Mueva el cursor por la pantalla hasta que se sienta cómodo con ello.
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35
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36 2. Mantenga pulsada la tecla (j) hasta que se repita «automágicamente».
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37 Ahora ya sabe como llegar a la lección siguiente.
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38
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39 3. Utilizando la tecla abajo, vaya a la lección 1.2.
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40
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41 NOTA: Si alguna vez no está seguro sobre algo que ha tecleado, pulse <ESC>
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42 para situarse en modo Normal. Luego vuelva a teclear la orden que deseaba.
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43
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44 NOTA: Las teclas de movimiento del cursor también funcionan. Pero usando
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45 hjkl podrá moverse mucho más rápido una vez que se acostumbre a ello.
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46 ¡De verdad!
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47
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48 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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49 Lección 1.2: SALIR DE VIM
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50
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51 ¡¡ NOTA: Antes de ejecutar alguno de los siguientes pasos lea primero
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52 la lección entera!!
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53
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54 1. Pulse la tecla <ESC> (para asegurarse de que está en modo Normal).
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55
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56 2. Escriba: :q! <INTRO>
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57 Esto provoca la salida del editor DESCARTANDO cualquier cambio que haya hecho.
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58
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59 3. Regrese aquí ejecutando el comando que le trajo a este tutor.
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60 Éste puede haber sido: vimtutor <INTRO>
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61
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62 4. Si ha memorizado estos pasos y se siente con confianza, ejecute los
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63 pasos 1 a 3 para salir y volver a entrar al editor.
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64
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65 NOTA: :q! <INTRO> descarta cualquier cambio que haya realizado.
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66 En próximas lecciones aprenderá cómo guardar los cambios en un archivo.
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67
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68 5. Mueva el cursor hasta la Lección 1.3.
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69
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70
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71 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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72 Lección 1.3: EDITAR TEXTO - BORRAR
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73
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74 ** Pulse x para eliminar el carácter bajo el cursor. **
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75
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76 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea de abajo señalada con --->.
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77
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78 2. Para corregir los errores, mueva el cursor hasta que esté sobre el
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79 carácter que va a ser borrado.
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80
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81 3. Pulse la tecla x para eliminar el carácter no deseado.
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82
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83 4. Repita los pasos 2 a 4 hasta que la frase sea la correcta.
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84
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85 ---> La vvaca saltóó soobree laa luuuuna.
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86
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87 5. Ahora que la línea esta correcta, continúe con la Lección 1.4.
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88
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89 NOTA: A medida que vaya avanzando en este tutor no intente memorizar,
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90 aprenda practicando.
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91
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92
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93 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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94 Lección 1.4: EDITAR TEXTO - BORRAR
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95
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96 ** Pulse i para insertar texto. **
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97
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98 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea de abajo señalada con --->.
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99
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100 2. Para hacer que la primera línea sea igual que la segunda, mueva el
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101 cursor hasta que esté sobre el carácter ANTES del cual el texto va a ser
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102 insertado.
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103
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104 3. Pulse i y escriba los caracteres a añadir.
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105
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106 4. A medida que sea corregido cada error pulse <ESC> para volver al modo
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107 Normal. Repita los pasos 2 a 4 para corregir la frase.
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108
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109 ---> Flta texto en esta .
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110 ---> Falta algo de texto en esta línea.
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111
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112 5. Cuando se sienta cómodo insertando texto pase vaya a la lección 1.5.
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113
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114
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115 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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116 Lección 1.5: EDITAR TEXTO - AÑADIR
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117
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118
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119 ** Pulse A para añadir texto. **
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120
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121 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior marcada con --->.
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122 No importa sobre qué carácter está el cursor en esta línea.
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123
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124 2. Pulse A y escriba el texto necesario.
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125
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126 3. Cuando el texto haya sido añadido pulse <ESC> para volver al modo Normal.
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127
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128 4. Mueva el cursor a la segunda línea marcada con ---> y repita los
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129 pasos 2 y 3 para corregir esta frase.
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130
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131 ---> Falta algún texto en es
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132 Falta algún texto en esta línea.
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133 ---> También falta alg
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134 También falta algún texto aquí.
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135
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136 5. Cuando se sienta cómodo añadiendo texto pase a la lección 1.6.
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137
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138 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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139 Lección 1.6: EDITAR UN ARCHIVO
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140
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141 ** Use :wq para guardar un archivo y salir **
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142
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143 !! NOTA: Antes de ejecutar los siguientes pasos, lea la lección entera!!
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144
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145 1. Si tiene acceso a otra terminal, haga lo siguiente en ella.
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146 Si no es así, salga de este tutor como hizo en la lección 1.2: :q!
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147
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148 2. En el símbolo del sistema escriba este comando: vim archivo.txt <INTRO>
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149 'vim' es el comando para arrancar el editor Vim, 'archivo.txt'
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150 es el nombre del archivo que quiere editar
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151 Utilice el nombre de un archivo que pueda cambiar.
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152
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153 3. Inserte y elimine texto como ya aprendió en las lecciones anteriores.
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154
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155 4. Guarde el archivo con los cambios y salga de Vim con: :wq <INTRO>
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156
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157 5. Si ha salido de vimtutor en el paso 1 reinicie vimtutor y baje hasta
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158 el siguiente sumario.
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159
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160 6. Después de leer los pasos anteriores y haberlos entendido: hágalos.
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161
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162 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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163 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 1
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164
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165
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166 1. El cursor se mueve utilizando las teclas de las flechas o las teclas hjkl.
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167 h (izquierda) j (abajo) k (arriba) l (derecha)
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168
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169 2. Para acceder a Vim desde el símbolo del sistema escriba:
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170 vim NOMBREARCHIVO <INTRO>
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171
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172 3. Para salir de Vim escriba: <ESC> :q! <INTRO> para eliminar todos
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173 los cambios.
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174 O escriba: <ESC> :wq <INTRO> para guardar los cambios.
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175
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176 4. Para borrar un carácter bajo el cursor en modo Normal pulse: x
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177
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178 5. Para insertar o añadir texto escriba:
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179 i escriba el texto a insertar <ESC> inserta el texto antes del cursor
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180 A escriba el texto a añadir <ESC> añade texto al final de la línea
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181
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182 NOTA: Pulsando <ESC> se vuelve al modo Normal o cancela una orden no deseada
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183 o incompleta.
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184
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185 Ahora continúe con la Lección 2.
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186
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187 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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188 Lección 2.1: COMANDOS PARA BORRAR
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189
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190
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191 ** Escriba dw para borrar una palabra **
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192
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193
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194 1. Pulse <ESC> para asegurarse de que está en el modo Normal.
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195
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196 2. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con --->.
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197
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198 3. Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una palabra que desee borrar.
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199
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200 4. Pulse dw para hacer que la palabra desaparezca.
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201
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202 NOTA: La letra d aparecerá en la última línea inferior derecha
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203 de la pantalla mientras la escribe. Vim está esperando que escriba w .
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204 Si ve otro carácter que no sea d escribió algo mal, pulse <ESC> y
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205 comience de nuevo.
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206
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207 ---> Hay algunas palabras pásalo bien que no pertenecen papel a esta frase.
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208
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209 5. Repita los pasos 3 y 4 hasta que la frase sea correcta y pase a la
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210 lección 2.2.
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211
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212
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213 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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214 Lección 2.2: MÁS COMANDOS PARA BORRAR
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215
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216
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217 ** Escriba d$ para borrar hasta el final de la línea. **
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218
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219 1. Pulse <ESC> para asegurarse de que está en el modo Normal.
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220
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221 2. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con --->.
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222
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223 3. Mueva el cursor al final de la línea correcta (DESPUÉS del primer . ).
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224
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225 4. Escriba d$ para borrar hasta el final de la línea.
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226
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227 ---> Alguien ha escrito el final de esta línea dos veces. esta línea dos veces.
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228
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229 5. Pase a la lección 2.3 para entender qué está pasando.
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230
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231
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232
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233 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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234 Lección 2.3: SOBRE OPERADORES Y MOVIMIENTOS
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235
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236
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237 Muchos comandos que cambian texto están compuestos por un operador y un
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238 movimiento.
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239 El formato para eliminar un comando con el operador de borrado d es el
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240 siguiente:
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241
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242 d movimiento
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243
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244 Donde:
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245 d - es el operador para borrar.
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246 movimiento - es sobre lo que el comando va a operar (lista inferior).
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247
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248 Una lista resumida de movimientos:
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249 w - hasta el comienzo de la siguiente palabra, EXCLUYENDO su primer
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250 carácter.
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251 e - hasta el final de la palabra actual, INCLUYENDO su primer carácter.
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252 $ - hasta el final de la línea, INCLUYENDO el último carácter.
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253
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254 NOTA: Pulsando únicamente el movimiento estando en el modo Normal sin un
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255 operador, moverá el cursor como se especifica en la lista anterior.
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256
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257 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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258 Lección 2.4: UTILIZAR UN CONTADOR PARA UN MOVIMIENTO
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259
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260
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261 ** Al escribir un número antes de un movimiento, lo repite esas veces. **
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262
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263 1. Mueva el cursor al comienzo de la línea marcada con --->.
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264
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265 2. Escriba 2w para mover el cursor dos palabras hacia adelante.
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266
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267 3. Escriba 3e para mover el cursor al final de la tercera palabra hacia
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268 adelante.
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269
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270 4. Escriba 0 (cero) para colocar el cursor al inicio de la línea.
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271
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272 5. Repita el paso 2 y 3 con diferentes números.
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273
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274 ---> Esto es solo una línea con palabra donde poder moverse.
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275
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276 6. Pase a la lección 2.5.
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277
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278
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279
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280
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281 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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282 Lección 2.5: UTILIZAR UN CONTADOR PARA BORRAR MAS
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283
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284
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285 ** Al escribir un número con un operador lo repite esas veces. **
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286
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287 En combinación con el operador de borrado y el movimiento mencionado
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288 anteriormente, añada un contador antes del movimiento para eliminar más:
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289 d número movimiento
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290
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291 1. Mueva el cursos a la primera palabra en MAYÚSCULAS en la línea
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292 marcada con --->.
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293
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294 2. Escriba d2w para eliminar las dos palabras en MAYÚSCULAS.
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295
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296 3. Repita los pasos 1 y 2 con diferentes contadores para eliminar
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297 las siguientes palabras en MAYÚSCULAS con un comando.
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298
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299 ---> esta ABC DE serie FGHI JK LMN OP de palabras ha sido Q RS TUV limpiada.
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300
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301
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302
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303
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304
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305 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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306 Lección 2.6: OPERACIÓN EN LÍNEAS
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307
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308
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309 ** Escriba dd para eliminar una línea completa. **
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310
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311 Debido a la frecuencia con que se elimina una línea completa, los
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312 diseñadores de Vi, decidieron que sería más sencillo simplemente escribir
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313 dos letras d para eliminar una línea.
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314
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315 1. Mueva el cursor a la segunda línea del párrafo inferior.
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316 2. Escriba dd para eliminar la línea.
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317 3. Ahora muévase a la cuarta línea.
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318 4. Escriba 2dd para eliminar dos líneas a la vez.
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319
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320 ---> 1) Las rosas son rojas,
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321 ---> 2) El barro es divertido,
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322 ---> 3) Las violetas son azules,
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323 ---> 4) Tengo un coche,
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324 ---> 5) Los relojes dan la hora,
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325 ---> 6) El azúcar es dulce
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326 ---> 7) Y también lo eres tú.
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327
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328 La duplicación para borrar líneas también funcionan con los operadores
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329 mencionados anteriormente.
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330
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331 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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332 Lección 2.7: EL MANDATO DESHACER
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333
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334
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335 ** Pulse u para deshacer los últimos comandos,
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336 U para deshacer una línea entera. **
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337
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338 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con ---> y sitúelo bajo el
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339 primer error.
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340 2. Pulse x para borrar el primer carácter no deseado.
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341 3. Pulse ahora u para deshacer el último comando ejecutado.
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342 4. Ahora corrija todos los errores de la línea usando el comando x.
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343 5. Pulse ahora U mayúscula para devolver la línea a su estado original.
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344 6. Pulse ahora u unas pocas veces para deshacer lo hecho por U y los
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345 comandos previos.
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346 7. Ahora pulse CTRL-R (mantenga pulsada la tecla CTRL y pulse R) unas
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347 cuantas veces para volver a ejecutar los comandos (deshacer lo deshecho).
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348
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349 ---> Corrrija los errores dee esttta línea y vuuelva a ponerlos coon deshacer.
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350
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351 8. Estos son unos comandos muy útiles. Ahora vayamos al resumen de la
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352 lección 2.
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353
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354
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355
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356
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357 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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358 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 2
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359
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360 1. Para borrar desde el cursor hasta siguiente palabra pulse: dw
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361 2. Para borrar desde el cursor hasta el final de la palabra pulse: de
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362 3. Para borrar desde el cursor hasta el final de una línea pulse: d$
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363 4. Para borrar una línea entera pulse: dd
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364
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365 5. Para repetir un movimiento precédalo con un número: 2w
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366 6. El formato para un comando de cambio es:
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367 operador [número] movimiento
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368 donde:
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369 comando - es lo que hay que hacer, por ejemplo, d para borrar
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370 [número] - es un número opcional para repetir el movimiento
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371 movimiento - se mueve sobre el texto sobre el que operar, como
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372 w (palabra), $ (hasta el final de la línea), etc.
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373 7. Para moverse al inicio de la línea utilice un cero: 0
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374
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375 8. Para deshacer acciones previas pulse: u (u minúscula)
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376 Para deshacer todos los cambios de una línea pulse: U (U mayúscula)
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377 Para deshacer lo deshecho pulse: CTRL-R
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378
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379
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380 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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381 Lección 3.1: EL COMANDO «PUT» (poner)
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382
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383 ** Pulse p para poner (pegar) después del cursor lo último que ha borrado. **
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384
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385 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior marcada con --->.
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386
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387 2. Escriba dd para borrar la línea y almacenarla en un registro de Vim.
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388
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389 3. Mueva el cursor a la línea c) por ENCIMA de donde debería estar
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390 la línea eliminada.
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391
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392 4. Pulse p para pegar la línea borrada por debajo del cursor.
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393
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394 5. Repita los pasos 2 a 4 para poner todas las líneas en el orden correcto.
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395
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396 ---> d) ¿Puedes aprenderla tú?
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397 ---> b) Las violetas son azules,
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398 ---> c) La inteligencia se aprende,
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399 ---> a) Las rosas son rojas,
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400
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401
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402 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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403 Lección 3.2: EL COMANDO REEMPLAZAR
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404
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405
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406 ** Pulse rx para reemplazar el carácter bajo el cursor con x . **
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407
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408 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior marcada con --->.
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409
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410 2. Mueva el cursor para situarlo sobre el primer error.
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411
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412 3. Pulse r y después el carácter que debería ir ahí.
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413
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414 4. Repita los pasos 2 y 3 hasta que la primera sea igual a la segunda.
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415
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416 ---> ¡Cuendo esta línea fue rscrita alguien pulso algunas teclas equibocadas!
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417 ---> ¡Cuando esta línea fue escrita alguien pulsó algunas teclas equivocadas!
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418
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419 5. Ahora pase a la lección 3.3.
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420
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421 NOTA: Recuerde que debería aprender practicando.
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422
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423
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424
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425 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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426 Lección 3.3: EL COMANDO CAMBIAR
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427
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428
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429 ** Para cambiar hasta el final de una línea, escriba ce . **
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430
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431 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior marcada con --->.
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432
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433 2. Sitúe el cursor en la u de lubrs.
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434
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435 3. Escriba ce y corrija la palabra (en este caso, escriba 'ínea').
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436
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437 4. Pulse <ESC> y mueva el cursor al siguiente error que debe ser cambiado.
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438
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439 5. Repita los pasos 3 y 4 hasta que la primera frase sea igual a la segunda.
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440
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441 ---> Esta lubrs tiene unas pocas pskavtad que corregir usem el comando change.
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442 ---> Esta línea tiene unas pocas palabras que corregir usando el comando change.
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443
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444 Tenga en cuenta que ce elimina la palabra y entra en el modo Insertar.
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445 cc hace lo mismo para toda la línea.
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446
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447
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448 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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449 Lección 3.4: MÁS CAMBIOS USANDO c
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450
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451 ** El operador change se utiliza con los mismos movimientos que delete. **
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452
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453 1. El operador change funciona de la misma forma que delete. El formato es:
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454
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455 c [número] movimiento
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456
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457 2. Los movimientos son también los mismos, tales como w (palabra) o
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458 $ (fin de la línea).
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459
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460 3. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior señalada con --->.
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461
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462 4. Mueva el cursor al primer error.
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463
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464 5. Pulse c$ y escriba el resto de la línea para que sea como la segunda
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465 y pulse <ESC>.
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466
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467 ---> El final de esta línea necesita alguna ayuda para que sea como la segunda.
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468 ---> El final de esta línea necesita ser corregido usando el comando c$.
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469
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470 NOTA: Puede utilizar el retorno de carro para corregir errores mientras escribe.
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471
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472 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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473 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 3
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474
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475
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476 1. Para volver a poner o pegar el texto que acaba de ser borrado,
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477 escriba p . Esto pega el texto después del cursor (si se borró una
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478 línea, al pegarla, esta se situará en la línea debajo del cursor).
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479
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480 2. Para sustituir el carácter bajo el cursor, pulse r y luego el
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481 carácter que quiere que esté en ese lugar.
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482
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483 3. El operador change le permite cambiar desde la posición del cursor
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484 hasta donde el movimiento indicado le lleve. Por ejemplo, pulse ce
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
485 para cambiar desde el cursor hasta el final de la palabra, o c$
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486 para cambiar hasta el final de la línea.
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parents:
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487
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488 4. El formato para change es:
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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diff changeset
489
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490 c [número] movimiento
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parents:
diff changeset
491
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492 Pase ahora a la lección siguiente.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
493
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494
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495 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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496 Lección 4.1: UBICACIÓN DEL CURSOR Y ESTADO DEL ARCHIVO
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497
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498 ** Pulse CTRL-G para mostrar su situación en el fichero y su estado.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
499 Pulse G para moverse a una determinada línea del fichero. **
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parents:
diff changeset
500
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501 NOTA: ¡¡Lea esta lección entera antes de ejecutar cualquiera de los pasos!!
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
502
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
503 1. Mantenga pulsada la tecla Ctrl y pulse g . Le llamamos a esto CTRL-G.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
504 Aparecerá un mensaje en la parte inferior de la página con el nombre
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
505 del archivo y la posición en este. Recuerde el número de línea
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
506 para el paso 3.
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507
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
508 NOTA: Quizás pueda ver la posición del cursor en la esquina inferior derecha
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
509 de la pantalla. Esto ocurre cuando la opción 'ruler' (regla) está
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
510 habilitada (consulte :help 'ruler' )
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parents:
diff changeset
511
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
512 2. Pulse G para mover el cursor hasta la parte inferior del archivo.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
513 Pulse gg para mover el cursor al inicio del archivo.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
514
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
515 3. Escriba el número de la línea en la que estaba y después G . Esto
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
516 le volverá a la línea en la que estaba cuando pulsó CTRL-G.
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
517
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518 4. Si se siente seguro en poder hacer esto ejecute los pasos 1 a 3.
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parents:
diff changeset
519
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
520 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
521 Lección 4.2: EL COMANDO «SEARCH» (buscar)
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
522
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
523 ** Escriba / seguido de una frase para buscar la frase. **
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
524
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
525 1. En modo Normal pulse el carácter / . Fíjese que tanto el carácter /
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
526 como el cursor aparecen en la última línea de la pantalla, lo mismo
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
527 que el comando : .
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parents:
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528
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
529 2. Escriba ahora errroor <INTRO>. Esta es la palabra que quiere buscar.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
530
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
531 3. Para repetir la búsqueda de la misma frase otra vez, simplemente pulse n .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
532 Para buscar la misma frase en la dirección opuesta, pulse N .
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parents:
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533
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534 4. Si quiere buscar una frase en la dirección opuesta (hacia arriba),
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
535 utilice el comando ? en lugar de / .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
536
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
537 5. Para regresar al lugar de donde procedía pulse CTRL-O (Mantenga pulsado
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
538 Ctrl mientras pulsa la letra o). Repita el proceso para regresar más atrás.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
539 CTRL-I va hacia adelante.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
540
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
541 ---> "errroor" no es la forma correcta de escribir error, errroor es un error.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
542
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
543 NOTA: Cuando la búsqueda llega al final del archivo, continuará desde el
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
544 comienzo, a menos que la opción 'wrapscan' haya sido desactivada.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
545
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
546 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
547 Lección 4.3: BÚSQUEDA PARA COMPROBAR PARÉNTESIS
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
548
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
549 ** Pulse % para encontrar el paréntesis correspondiente a ),] o } . **
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
550
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parents: 19163
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551 1. Sitúe el cursor en cualquiera de los caracteres (, [ o { en la línea
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
552 inferior señalada con --->.
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parents:
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553
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vimboss
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diff changeset
554 2. Pulse ahora el carácter % .
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
555
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parents: 19163
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556 3. El cursor se moverá a la pareja de cierre del paréntesis, corchete
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
557 o llave correspondiente.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
558
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
559 4. Pulse % para mover el cursor a la otra pareja del carácter.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
560
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
561 5. Mueva el cursor a otro (,),[,],{ o } y vea lo que hace % .
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parents:
diff changeset
562
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parents: 19163
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563 ---> Esto ( es una línea de prueba con (, [, ], {, y } en ella. ))
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
564
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
565 NOTA: ¡Esto es muy útil en la detección de errores en un programa con
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
566 paréntesis, corchetes o llaves sin pareja.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
567
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
568
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
569
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
570 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
571 Lección 4.4: EL COMANDO SUSTITUIR
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parents:
diff changeset
572
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
573
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
574 ** Escriba :s/viejo/nuevo/g para sustituir 'viejo' por 'nuevo'. **
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
575
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parents: 19163
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576 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con --->.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
577
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
578 2. Escriba :s/laas/las/ <INTRO> . Tenga en cuenta que este mandato cambia
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
579 sólo la primera aparición en la línea de la expresión a cambiar.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
580
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
581 3. Ahora escriba :/laas/la/g . Al añadir la opción g esto significa
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
582 que hará la sustitución global en la línea, cambiando todas las
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
583 ocurrencias del término "laas" en la línea.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
584
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
585 ---> Laas mejores épocas para ver laas flores son laas primaveras.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
586
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parents: 19163
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587 4. Para cambiar cada ocurrencia de la cadena de caracteres entre dos líneas,
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
588 Pulse :#,#s/viejo/nuevo/g donde #,# son los números de línea del rango
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
589 de líneas donde se realizará la sustitución.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
590 Pulse :%s/old/new/g para cambiar cada ocurrencia en todo el
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
591 archivo.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
592 Pulse :%s/old/new/gc para encontrar cada ocurrencia en todo el
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
593 archivo, pidiendo confirmación para
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
594 realizar la sustitución o no.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
595
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
596 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
597 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 4
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
598
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
599
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
600 1. CTRL-G muestra la posición del cursor en el fichero y su estado.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
601 G mueve el cursor al final del archivo.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
602 número G mueve el cursor a ese número de línea.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
603 gg mueve el cursor a la primera línea del archivo.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
604
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
605 2. Pulsando / seguido de una frase busca la frase hacia ADELANTE.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
606 Pulsando ? seguido de una frase busca la frase hacia ATRÁS.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
607 Después de una búsqueda pulse n para encontrar la aparición
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
608 siguiente en la misma dirección o N para buscar en dirección opuesta.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
609
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
610 3. Pulsando % cuando el cursor esta sobre (,), [,], { o } localiza
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
611 la pareja correspondiente.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
612
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
613 4. Para cambiar viejo en el primer nuevo en una línea pulse :s/viejo/nuevo
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
614 Para cambiar todos los viejo por nuevo en una línea pulse :s/viejo/nuevo/g
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
615 Para cambiar frases entre dos números de líneas pulse :#,#s/viejo/nuevo/g
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
616 Para cambiar viejo por nuevo en todo el fichero pulse :%s/viejo/nuevo/g
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
617 Para pedir confirmación en cada caso añada 'c' :%s/viejo/nuevo/gc
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
618
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
619
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
620 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
621 Lección 5.1: CÓMO EJECUTAR UN MANDATO EXTERNO
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
622
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
623
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
624 ** Escriba :! seguido de un comando externo para ejecutar ese comando. **
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
625
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
626 1. Escriba el conocido comando : para situar el cursor al final de la
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
627 pantalla. Esto le permitirá introducir un comando.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
628
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
629 2. Ahora escriba el carácter ! (signo de admiración). Esto le permitirá
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
630 ejecutar cualquier mandato del sistema.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
631
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
632 3. Como ejemplo escriba ls después del ! y luego pulse <INTRO>. Esto
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
633 le mostrará una lista de su directorio, igual que si estuviera en el
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
634 símbolo del sistema. Si ls no funciona utilice !:dir .
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
635
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parents: 19163
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636 NOTA: De esta manera es posible ejecutar cualquier comando externo,
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
637 también incluyendo argumentos.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
638
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
639 NOTA: Todos los comando : deben finalizarse pulsando <INTRO>.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
640 De ahora en adelante no siempre se mencionará.
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parents:
diff changeset
641
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
642
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
643 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
644 Lección 5.2: MÁS SOBRE GUARDAR FICHEROS
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
645
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
646
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
647 ** Para guardar los cambios hechos en un fichero,
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
648 escriba :w NOMBRE_DE_FICHERO **
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
649
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
650 1. Escriba :!dir o :!ls para ver una lista de los archivos
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
651 de su directorio.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
652 Ya sabe que debe pulsar <INTRO> después de ello.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
653
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
654 2. Elija un nombre de fichero que todavía no exista, como TEST.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
655
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
656 3. Ahora escriba :w TEST (donde TEST es el nombre de fichero elegido).
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
657
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
658 4. Esta acción guarda todo el fichero (Vim Tutor) bajo el nombre TEST.
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b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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diff changeset
659 Para comprobarlo escriba :!dir o :!ls de nuevo y vea su directorio.
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parents:
diff changeset
660
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parents: 19163
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661 NOTA: Si saliera de Vim y volviera a entrar de nuevo con vim TEST , el
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
662 archivo sería una copia exacta del tutorial cuando lo guardó.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
663
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
664 5. Ahora elimine el archivo escribiendo (Windows): :!del TEST
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
665 o (Unix): :!rm TEST
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
666
1624
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parents:
diff changeset
667
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
668 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
669 Lección 5.3: SELECCIONAR TEXTO PARA GUARDAR
1624
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parents:
diff changeset
670
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
671
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
672 ** Para guardar parte del archivo, escriba v movimiento :w ARCHIVO **
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
673
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
674 1. Mueva el cursor a esta línea.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
675
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
676 2. Pulse v y mueva el cursor hasta el quinto elemento inferior. Vea que
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
677 el texto es resaltado.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
678
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
679 3. Pulse el carácter : en la parte inferior de la pantalla aparecerá
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
680 :'<,'>
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
681
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
682 4. Pulse w TEST , donde TEST es un nombre de archivo que aún no existe.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
683 Verifique que :'<,'>w TEST antes de pulsar <INTRO>.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
684
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
685 5. Vim escribirá las líneas seleccionadas en el archivo TEST. Utilice
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
686 :!dir o :!ls para verlo. ¡No lo elimine todavía! Lo utilizaremos
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
687 en la siguiente lección.
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18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
688
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
689 NOTA: Al pulsar v inicia la selección visual. Puede mover el cursor para
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
690 hacer la selección más grande o pequeña. Después puede utilizar un
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
691 operador para hacer algo con el texto. Por ejemplo, d eliminará
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
692 el texto seleccionado.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
693
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
694
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
695 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
696 Lección 5.4: RECUPERANDO Y MEZCLANDO FICHEROS
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
697
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
698
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
699 ** Para insertar el contenido de un fichero escriba :r NOMBRE_DEL_FICHERO **
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
700
28777
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
701 1. Sitúe el cursor justo por encima de esta línea.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
702
28777
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
703 NOTA: Después de ejecutar el paso 2 verá texto de la lección 5.3. Después
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
704 DESCIENDA hasta ver de nuevo esta lección.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
705
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
706 2. Ahora recupere el archivo TEST utilizando el comando :r TEST donde
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
707 TEST es el nombre que ha utilizado.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
708 El archivo que ha recuperado se colocará debajo de la línea donde
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
709 se encuentra el cursor.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
710
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
711 3. Para verificar que se ha recuperado el archivo, suba el cursor y
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
712 compruebe que ahora hay dos copias de la lección 5.3, la original y
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
713 la versión del archivo.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
714
28777
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
715 NOTA: También puede leer la salida de un comando externo. Por ejemplo,
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
716 :r !ls lee la salida del comando ls y lo pega debajo de la línea
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
717 donde se encuentra el cursor.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
718
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
719
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
720 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
721 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 5
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
722
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
723
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
724 1. :!comando ejecuta un comando externo.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
725
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
726 Algunos ejemplos útiles son:
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
727 (Windows) (Unix)
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
728 :!dir :!ls - muestra el contenido de un directorio.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
729 :!del ARCHIVO :!rm ARCHIVO - borra el fichero ARCHIVO.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
730
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
731 2. :w ARCHIVO escribe el archivo actual de Vim en el disco con el
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
732 nombre de ARCHIVO.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
733
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
734 3. v movimiento :w ARCHIVO guarda las líneas seleccionadas visualmente
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
735 en el archivo ARCHIVO.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
736
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
737 4. :r ARCHIVO recupera del disco el archivo ARCHIVO y lo pega debajo
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
738 de la posición del cursor.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
739
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
740 5. :r !dir lee la salida del comando dir y lo pega debajo de la
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
741 posición del cursor.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
742
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
743
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
744 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
745 Lección 6.1: EL COMANDO OPEN
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
746
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
747
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
748 ** Pulse o para abrir una línea debajo del cursor
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
749 y situarle en modo Insertar **
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
750
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
751 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con --->.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
752
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
753 2. Pulse la letra minúscula o para abrir una línea por DEBAJO del cursor
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
754 y situarle en modo Insertar.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
755
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
756 3. Ahora escriba algún texto y después pulse <ESC> para salir del modo
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
757 insertar.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
758
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
759 ---> Después de pulsar o el cursor se sitúa en la línea abierta en modo Insertar.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
760
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
761 4. Para abrir una línea por ENCIMA del cursor, simplemente pulse una O
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
762 mayúscula, en lugar de una o minúscula. Pruebe este en la línea siguiente.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
763
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
764 ---> Abra una línea sobre esta pulsando O cuando el cursor está en esta línea.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
765
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
766
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
767
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
768 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
769 Lección 6.2: EL COMANDO APPEND (añadir)
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
770
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
771
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
772 ** Pulse a para insertar texto DESPUÉS del cursor. **
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
773
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
774 1. Mueva el cursor al inicio de la primera línea inferior señalada con --->.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
775
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
776 2. Escriba e hasta que el cursor esté al final de lín .
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
778 3. Escriba una a (minúscula) para añadir texto DESPUÉS del cursor.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
779
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
780 4. Complete la palabra como en la línea inferior. Pulse <ESC> para salir
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
781 del modo insertar.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
782
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
783 5. Utilice e para moverse hasta la siguiente palabra incompleta y
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
784 repita los pasos 3 y 4.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
785
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
786 ---> Esta lín le permit prati cómo añad texto a una línea.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
787 ---> Esta línea le permitirá practicar cómo añadir texto a una línea.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
788
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
789 NOTA: a, i y A todos entran en el modo Insertar, la única diferencia es
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
790 dónde ubican los caracteres insertados.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
791
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
792 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
793 Lección 6.3: OTRA VERSIÓN DE REPLACE (remplazar)
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
794
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
795
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
796 ** Pulse una R mayúscula para sustituir más de un carácter. **
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
797
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
798 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior señalada con --->. Mueva
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
799 el cursor al inicio de la primera xxx .
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
800
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
801 2. Ahora pulse R y escriba el número que aparece en la línea inferior,
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
802 esto reemplazará el texto xxx .
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
803
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
804 3. Pulse <ESC> para abandonar el modo Reemplazar. Observe que el resto de
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
805 la línea permanece sin modificaciones.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
806
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
807 4. Repita los pasos para reemplazar el texto xxx que queda.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
808
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
809 ---> Sumar 123 a xxx da un resultado de xxx.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
810 ---> Sumar 123 a 456 da un resultado de 579.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
811
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
812 NOTA: El modo Reemplazar es como el modo Insertar, pero cada carácter escrito
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
813 elimina un carácter ya existente.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
814
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
815 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
816 Lección 6.4: COPIAR Y PEGAR TEXTO
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
817
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
818
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
819
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
820 ** Utilice el operador y para copiar texto y p para pegarlo. **
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
821
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
822 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior marcada con ---> y posicione el
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
823 cursor después de "a)".
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
824
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
825 2. Inicie el modo Visual con v y mueva el cursor justo antes de "primer".
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
826
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
827 3. Pulse y para copiar ("yank") el texto resaltado.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
828
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
829 4. Mueva el cursor al final de la siguiente línea mediante: j$
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
830
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
831 5. Pulse p para poner (pegar) el texto. Después escriba: el segundo <ESC>.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
832
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
833 6. Utilice el modo visual para seleccionar " elemento.", y cópielo con y
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
834 mueva el cursor al final de la siguiente línea con j$ y pegue el texto
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
835 recién copiado con p .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
836
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
837 ---> a) este es el primer elemento.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
838 b)
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
839
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
840 NOTA: También puede utilizar y como un operador: yw copia una palabra,
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
841 yy copia la línea completa donde está el cursor, después p pegará
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
842 esa línea.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
843
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
844 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
845 Lección 6.5: ACTIVAR (SET) UNA OPCIÓN
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
846
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
847
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
848 ** Active una opción para buscar o sustituir ignorando si está
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
849 en mayúsculas o minúsculas el texto. **
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
850
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
851 1. Busque la cadena de texto 'ignorar' escribiendo: /ignorar <INTRO>
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
852 Repita la búsqueda varias veces pulsando n .
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
853
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
854 2. Active la opción 'ic' (Ignore case o ignorar mayúsculas y minúsculas)
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
855 mediante: :set ic
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
856
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
857 3. Ahora busque de nuevo 'ignorar' pulsando n
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
858 Observe que ahora también se encuentran Ignorar e IGNORAR.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
859
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
860 4. Active las opciones 'hlsearch' y 'incsearch' escribiendo: :set hls is
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
861
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
862 5. Ahora escriba de nuevo el comando de búsqueda y vea qué ocurre: /ignore <INTRO>
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
863
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
864 6. Para inhabilitar el ignorar la distinción de mayúsculas y minúsculas
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
865 escriba: :set noic
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
866
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
867 NOTA: Para eliminar el resaltado de las coincidencias escriba: :nohlsearch
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
868 NOTA: Si quiere ignorar las mayúsculas y minúsculas, solo para un comando
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
869 de búsqueda, utilice \c en la frase: /ignorar\c <INTRO>
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
870 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
871 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 6
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
872
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
873
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
874 1. Escriba o para abrir una línea por DEBAJO de la posición del cursor y
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
875 entrar en modo Insertar.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
876 Escriba O para abrir una línea por ENCIMA de la posición del cursor y
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
877 entrar en modo Insertar
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
878
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
879 2. Escriba a para insertar texto DESPUÉS del cursor.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
880 Escriba A para insertar texto al final de la línea.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
881
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
882 3. El comando e mueve el cursor al final de una palabra.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
883
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
884 4. El operador y copia (yank) texto, p lo pega (pone).
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
885
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
886 5. Al escribir una R mayúscula entra en el modo Reemplazar hasta que
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
887 se pulsa <ESC> .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
888
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
889 6. Al escribir ":set xxx" activa la opción "xxx". Algunas opciones son:
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
890 'ic' 'ignorecase' ignorar mayúsculas/minúsculas al buscar
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
891 'is' 'incsearch' mostrar las coincidencias parciales para la búsqueda
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
892 de una frase
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
893 'hls' 'hlsearch' resalta todas las coincidencias de la frases
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
894 Puedes utilizar tanto los nombre largos o cortos de las opciones.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
895
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
896 7. Añade "no" para inhabilitar una opción: :set noic
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
897
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
898 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
899 Lección 7: OBTENER AYUDA
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
900
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
901
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
902 ** Utilice el sistema de ayuda en línea **
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
903
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
904 Vim dispone de un sistema de ayuda en línea. Para comenzar, pruebe una
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
905 de estas tres formas:
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
906 - pulse la tecla <AYUDA> (si dispone de ella)
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
907 - pulse la tecla <F1> (si dispone de ella)
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
908 - escriba :help <INTRO>
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
909
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
910 Lea el texto en la ventana de ayuda para descubrir cómo funciona la ayuda.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
911 Escriba CTRL-W CTRL-W para saltar de una ventana a otra.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
912 Escriba :q <INTRO> para cerrar la ventana de ayuda.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
913
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
914 Puede encontrar ayuda en casi cualquier tema añadiendo un argumento al
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
915 comando «:help». Pruebe éstos (no olvide pulsar <INTRO>):
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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parents:
diff changeset
916
28777
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
917 :help w
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
918 :help c_CTRL-D
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
919 :help insert-index
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
920 :help user-manual
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
921 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
922 Lección 7.2: CREAR UN SCRIPT DE INICIO
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
923
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
924
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
925 ** Habilitar funcionalidades en Vim **
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
926
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
927 Vim tiene muchas más funcionalidades que Vi, pero algunas están
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
928 inhabilitadas de manera predeterminada.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
929 Para empezar a utilizar más funcionalidades debería crear un archivo
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
930 llamado "vimrc".
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
931
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
932 1. Comience a editar el archivo "vimrc". Esto depende de su sistema:
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
933 :e ~/.vimrc para Unix
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
934 :e ~/_vimrc para Windows
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
935
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
936 2. Ahora lea el contenido del archivo "vimrc" de ejemplo:
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
937 :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
938
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
939 3. Guarde el archivo mediante:
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
940 :w
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
941
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
942 La próxima vez que inicie Vim, este usará el resaltado de sintaxis.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
943 Puede añadir todos sus ajustes preferidos a este archivo "vimrc".
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
944 Para más información escriba :help vimrc-intro
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
945
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
946 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
947 Lección 7.3: COMPLETADO
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
948
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
949
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
950 ** Completado de la línea de comandos con CTRL-D o <TAB> **
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
951
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
952 1. Asegúrese de que Vim no está en el modo compatible: :set nocp
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
953
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
954 2. Vea qué archivos existen en el directorio con: :!ls o :!dir
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
955
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
956 3. Escriba el inicio de un comando: :e
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
957
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
958 4. Pulse CTRL-D y Vim mostrará una lista de comandos que empiezan con "e".
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
959
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
960 5. Añada d<TAB> y Vim completará el nombre del comando a ":edit".
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
961
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
962 6. Ahora añada un espacio y el inicio del nombre de un archivo: :edit FIL
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963
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parents: 19163
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964 7. Pulse <TAB>. Vim completará el nombre (si solo hay uno).
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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965
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parents: 19163
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966 NOTA: El completado funciona con muchos comandos. Solo pulse CTRL-D o
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
967 <TAB>. Es especialmente útil para :help .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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968
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parents: 19163
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969 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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970 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 7
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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971
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parents: 19163
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972
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parents: 19163
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973 1. Escriba :help o pulse <F1> o <HELP> para abrir la ventana de ayuda.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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974
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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975 2. Escriba :help cmd para encontrar ayuda sobre cmd .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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976
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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977 3. Escriba CTRL-W CTRL-W para saltar a otra ventana.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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978
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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979 4. Escriba :q para cerrar la ventana de ayuda.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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980
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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981 5. Cree un fichero vimrc de inicio para guardar sus ajustes preferidos.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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982
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parents: 19163
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983 6. Cuando escriba un comando : pulse CTRL-D para ver posibles opciones.
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parents: 19163
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984 Pulse <TAB> para utilizar una de las opciones de completado.
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985
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986
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987
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988
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989
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990
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991
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992 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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993
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994 Aquí concluye el tutor de Vim. Está pensado para dar una visión breve del
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995 editor Vim, lo suficiente para permitirle usar el editor de forma bastante
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996 sencilla. Está muy lejos de estar completo pues Vim tiene muchísimos más
28777
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997 comandos. Lea el siguiente manual de usuario: ":help user-manual".
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998
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999 Para lecturas y estudios posteriores se recomienda el libro:
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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1000 Vim - Vi Improved - de Steve Oualline
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1001 Editado por: New Riders
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1002 El primer libro dedicado completamente a Vim. Especialmente útil para
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1003 recién principiantes.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1004 Tiene muchos ejemplos e imágenes.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1005 Vea https://iccf-holland.org/click5.html
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1006
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1007 Este tutorial ha sido escrito por Michael C. Pierce y Robert K. Ware,
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1008 Colorado School of Mines utilizando ideas suministradas por Charles Smith,
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1009 Colorado State University.
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1010 E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu.
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1011
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1012 Modificado para Vim por Bram Moolenaar.
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1013
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1014 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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1015
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1016 Traducido del inglés por:
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1017
28777
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1018 * Eduardo F. Amatria
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1019 Correo electrónico: eferna1@platea.pntic.mec.es
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1020 * Victorhck
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1021 Correo electrónico: victorhck@opensuse.org
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1022
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1023 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~