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annotate runtime/doc/map.txt @ 7597:3012eaddb6b2
commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/345efa013dc6d1754ba06e5596a26c48c9935937
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Fri Jan 15 20:57:49 2016 +0100
Update runtime files
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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| date | Fri, 15 Jan 2016 21:00:07 +0100 |
| parents | 0550be8fc7f6 |
| children | 0bdeaf7092bc |
| rev | line source |
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1 *map.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2016 Jan 10 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Key mapping, abbreviations and user-defined commands. | |
| 8 | |
| 9 This subject is introduced in sections |05.3|, |24.7| and |40.1| of the user | |
| 10 manual. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 1. Key mapping |key-mapping| | |
| 592 | 13 1.1 MAP COMMANDS |:map-commands| |
| 14 1.2 Special arguments |:map-arguments| | |
| 15 1.3 Mapping and modes |:map-modes| | |
| 16 1.4 Listing mappings |map-listing| | |
| 17 1.5 Mapping special keys |:map-special-keys| | |
| 18 1.6 Special characters |:map-special-chars| | |
| 19 1.7 What keys to map |map-which-keys| | |
| 20 1.8 Examples |map-examples| | |
| 21 1.9 Using mappings |map-typing| | |
| 22 1.10 Mapping alt-keys |:map-alt-keys| | |
| 23 1.11 Mapping an operator |:map-operator| | |
| 7 | 24 2. Abbreviations |abbreviations| |
| 25 3. Local mappings and functions |script-local| | |
| 26 4. User-defined commands |user-commands| | |
| 27 | |
| 28 ============================================================================== | |
| 29 1. Key mapping *key-mapping* *mapping* *macro* | |
| 30 | |
| 31 Key mapping is used to change the meaning of typed keys. The most common use | |
| 32 is to define a sequence commands for a function key. Example: > | |
| 33 | |
| 34 :map <F2> a<C-R>=strftime("%c")<CR><Esc> | |
| 35 | |
| 236 | 36 This appends the current date and time after the cursor (in <> notation |<>|). |
| 7 | 37 |
| 592 | 38 |
| 39 1.1 MAP COMMANDS *:map-commands* | |
| 40 | |
| 7 | 41 There are commands to enter new mappings, remove mappings and list mappings. |
| 42 See |map-overview| for the various forms of "map" and their relationships with | |
| 43 modes. | |
| 44 | |
| 45 {lhs} means left-hand-side *{lhs}* | |
| 46 {rhs} means right-hand-side *{rhs}* | |
| 47 | |
| 663 | 48 :map {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-nvo| *:map* |
| 49 :nm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-n| *:nm* *:nmap* | |
| 50 :vm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-v| *:vm* *:vmap* | |
| 788 | 51 :xm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-x| *:xm* *:xmap* |
| 4358 | 52 :smap {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-s| *:smap* |
| 663 | 53 :om[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-o| *:om* *:omap* |
| 54 :map! {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-ic| *:map!* | |
| 55 :im[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-i| *:im* *:imap* | |
| 56 :lm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-l| *:lm* *:lmap* | |
| 57 :cm[ap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-c| *:cm* *:cmap* | |
| 7 | 58 Map the key sequence {lhs} to {rhs} for the modes |
| 59 where the map command applies. The result, including | |
| 60 {rhs}, is then further scanned for mappings. This | |
| 61 allows for nested and recursive use of mappings. | |
| 62 | |
| 5968 | 63 *:nore* *:norem* |
| 64 :no[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-nvo| *:no* *:noremap* *:nor* | |
| 65 :nn[oremap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-n| *:nn* *:nnoremap* | |
| 66 :vn[oremap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-v| *:vn* *:vnoremap* | |
| 67 :xn[oremap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-x| *:xn* *:xnoremap* | |
| 68 :snor[emap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-s| *:snor* *:snoremap* | |
| 69 :ono[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-o| *:ono* *:onoremap* | |
| 70 :no[remap]! {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-ic| *:no!* *:noremap!* | |
| 71 :ino[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-i| *:ino* *:inoremap* | |
| 72 :ln[oremap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-l| *:ln* *:lnoremap* | |
| 73 :cno[remap] {lhs} {rhs} |mapmode-c| *:cno* *:cnoremap* | |
| 7 | 74 Map the key sequence {lhs} to {rhs} for the modes |
| 75 where the map command applies. Disallow mapping of | |
| 76 {rhs}, to avoid nested and recursive mappings. Often | |
| 77 used to redefine a command. {not in Vi} | |
| 78 | |
| 79 | |
| 663 | 80 :unm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-nvo| *:unm* *:unmap* |
| 81 :nun[map] {lhs} |mapmode-n| *:nun* *:nunmap* | |
| 82 :vu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-v| *:vu* *:vunmap* | |
| 788 | 83 :xu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-x| *:xu* *:xunmap* |
| 84 :sunm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-s| *:sunm* *:sunmap* | |
| 663 | 85 :ou[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-o| *:ou* *:ounmap* |
| 86 :unm[ap]! {lhs} |mapmode-ic| *:unm!* *:unmap!* | |
| 87 :iu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-i| *:iu* *:iunmap* | |
| 88 :lu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-l| *:lu* *:lunmap* | |
| 89 :cu[nmap] {lhs} |mapmode-c| *:cu* *:cunmap* | |
| 7 | 90 Remove the mapping of {lhs} for the modes where the |
| 91 map command applies. The mapping may remain defined | |
| 92 for other modes where it applies. | |
| 93 Note: Trailing spaces are included in the {lhs}. This | |
| 94 unmap does NOT work: > | |
| 95 :map @@ foo | |
| 96 :unmap @@ | print | |
| 97 | |
| 663 | 98 :mapc[lear] |mapmode-nvo| *:mapc* *:mapclear* |
| 99 :nmapc[lear] |mapmode-n| *:nmapc* *:nmapclear* | |
| 100 :vmapc[lear] |mapmode-v| *:vmapc* *:vmapclear* | |
| 788 | 101 :xmapc[lear] |mapmode-x| *:xmapc* *:xmapclear* |
| 102 :smapc[lear] |mapmode-s| *:smapc* *:smapclear* | |
| 663 | 103 :omapc[lear] |mapmode-o| *:omapc* *:omapclear* |
| 104 :mapc[lear]! |mapmode-ic| *:mapc!* *:mapclear!* | |
| 105 :imapc[lear] |mapmode-i| *:imapc* *:imapclear* | |
| 106 :lmapc[lear] |mapmode-l| *:lmapc* *:lmapclear* | |
| 107 :cmapc[lear] |mapmode-c| *:cmapc* *:cmapclear* | |
| 7 | 108 Remove ALL mappings for the modes where the map |
| 109 command applies. {not in Vi} | |
| 2908 | 110 Use the <buffer> argument to remove buffer-local |
| 111 mappings |:map-<buffer>| | |
| 7 | 112 Warning: This also removes the default mappings. |
| 113 | |
| 663 | 114 :map |mapmode-nvo| |
| 115 :nm[ap] |mapmode-n| | |
| 116 :vm[ap] |mapmode-v| | |
| 788 | 117 :xm[ap] |mapmode-x| |
| 118 :sm[ap] |mapmode-s| | |
| 663 | 119 :om[ap] |mapmode-o| |
| 120 :map! |mapmode-ic| | |
| 121 :im[ap] |mapmode-i| | |
| 122 :lm[ap] |mapmode-l| | |
| 123 :cm[ap] |mapmode-c| | |
| 7 | 124 List all key mappings for the modes where the map |
| 125 command applies. Note that ":map" and ":map!" are | |
| 126 used most often, because they include the other modes. | |
| 127 | |
| 663 | 128 :map {lhs} |mapmode-nvo| *:map_l* |
| 129 :nm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-n| *:nmap_l* | |
| 130 :vm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-v| *:vmap_l* | |
| 788 | 131 :xm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-x| *:xmap_l* |
| 132 :sm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-s| *:smap_l* | |
| 663 | 133 :om[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-o| *:omap_l* |
| 134 :map! {lhs} |mapmode-ic| *:map_l!* | |
| 135 :im[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-i| *:imap_l* | |
| 136 :lm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-l| *:lmap_l* | |
| 137 :cm[ap] {lhs} |mapmode-c| *:cmap_l* | |
| 7 | 138 List the key mappings for the key sequences starting |
| 139 with {lhs} in the modes where the map command applies. | |
| 140 {not in Vi} | |
| 141 | |
| 142 These commands are used to map a key or key sequence to a string of | |
| 143 characters. You can use this to put command sequences under function keys, | |
| 144 translate one key into another, etc. See |:mkexrc| for how to save and | |
| 145 restore the current mappings. | |
| 146 | |
| 592 | 147 *map-ambiguous* |
| 148 When two mappings start with the same sequence of characters, they are | |
| 149 ambiguous. Example: > | |
| 150 :imap aa foo | |
| 151 :imap aaa bar | |
| 152 When Vim has read "aa", it will need to get another character to be able to | |
| 153 decide if "aa" or "aaa" should be mapped. This means that after typing "aa" | |
| 154 that mapping won't get expanded yet, Vim is waiting for another character. | |
| 155 If you type a space, then "foo" will get inserted, plus the space. If you | |
| 156 type "a", then "bar" will get inserted. | |
| 157 {Vi does not allow ambiguous mappings} | |
| 158 | |
| 159 | |
| 160 1.2 SPECIAL ARGUMENTS *:map-arguments* | |
| 161 | |
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162 "<buffer>", "<nowait>", "<silent>", "<special>", "<script>", "<expr>" and |
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163 "<unique>" can be used in any order. They must appear right after the |
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164 command, before any other arguments. |
| 721 | 165 |
| 7 | 166 *:map-local* *:map-<buffer>* *E224* *E225* |
| 1668 | 167 If the first argument to one of these commands is "<buffer>" the mapping will |
| 168 be effective in the current buffer only. Example: > | |
| 7 | 169 :map <buffer> ,w /[.,;]<CR> |
| 170 Then you can map ",w" to something else in another buffer: > | |
| 171 :map <buffer> ,w /[#&!]<CR> | |
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172 The local buffer mappings are used before the global ones. See <nowait> below |
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173 to make a short local mapping not taking effect when a longer global one |
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174 exists. |
| 7 | 175 The "<buffer>" argument can also be used to clear mappings: > |
| 176 :unmap <buffer> ,w | |
| 177 :mapclear <buffer> | |
| 178 Local mappings are also cleared when a buffer is deleted, but not when it is | |
| 179 unloaded. Just like local option values. | |
| 4869 | 180 Also see |map-precedence|. |
| 7 | 181 |
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182 *:map-<nowait>* *:map-nowait* |
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183 When defining a buffer-local mapping for "," there may be a global mapping |
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184 that starts with ",". Then you need to type another character for Vim to know |
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185 whether to use the "," mapping or the longer one. To avoid this add the |
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186 <nowait> argument. Then the mapping will be used when it matches, Vim does |
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187 not wait for more characters to be typed. However, if the characters were |
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188 already type they are used. |
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189 |
| 7 | 190 *:map-<silent>* *:map-silent* |
| 191 To define a mapping which will not be echoed on the command line, add | |
| 192 "<silent>" as the first argument. Example: > | |
| 193 :map <silent> ,h /Header<CR> | |
| 194 The search string will not be echoed when using this mapping. Messages from | |
| 195 the executed command are still given though. To shut them up too, add a | |
| 196 ":silent" in the executed command: > | |
| 197 :map <silent> ,h :exe ":silent normal /Header\r"<CR> | |
| 198 Prompts will still be given, e.g., for inputdialog(). | |
| 199 Using "<silent>" for an abbreviation is possible, but will cause redrawing of | |
| 200 the command line to fail. | |
| 201 | |
| 859 | 202 *:map-<special>* *:map-special* |
| 203 Define a mapping with <> notation for special keys, even though the "<" flag | |
| 204 may appear in 'cpoptions'. This is useful if the side effect of setting | |
| 205 'cpoptions' is not desired. Example: > | |
| 206 :map <special> <F12> /Header<CR> | |
| 207 < | |
| 7 | 208 *:map-<script>* *:map-script* |
| 209 If the first argument to one of these commands is "<script>" and it is used to | |
| 210 define a new mapping or abbreviation, the mapping will only remap characters | |
| 211 in the {rhs} using mappings that were defined local to a script, starting with | |
| 212 "<SID>". This can be used to avoid that mappings from outside a script | |
| 213 interfere (e.g., when CTRL-V is remapped in mswin.vim), but do use other | |
| 214 mappings defined in the script. | |
| 215 Note: ":map <script>" and ":noremap <script>" do the same thing. The | |
| 216 "<script>" overrules the command name. Using ":noremap <script>" is | |
| 217 preferred, because it's clearer that remapping is (mostly) disabled. | |
| 218 | |
| 219 *:map-<unique>* *E226* *E227* | |
| 220 If the first argument to one of these commands is "<unique>" and it is used to | |
| 221 define a new mapping or abbreviation, the command will fail if the mapping or | |
| 222 abbreviation already exists. Example: > | |
| 223 :map <unique> ,w /[#&!]<CR> | |
| 224 When defining a local mapping, there will also be a check if a global map | |
| 225 already exists which is equal. | |
| 226 Example of what will fail: > | |
| 227 :map ,w /[#&!]<CR> | |
| 228 :map <buffer> <unique> ,w /[.,;]<CR> | |
| 626 | 229 If you want to map a key and then have it do what it was originally mapped to, |
| 230 have a look at |maparg()|. | |
| 7 | 231 |
| 721 | 232 *:map-<expr>* *:map-expression* |
| 233 If the first argument to one of these commands is "<expr>" and it is used to | |
| 234 define a new mapping or abbreviation, the argument is an expression. The | |
| 235 expression is evaluated to obtain the {rhs} that is used. Example: > | |
| 236 :inoremap <expr> . InsertDot() | |
| 237 The result of the InsertDot() function will be inserted. It could check the | |
| 238 text before the cursor and start omni completion when some condition is met. | |
| 239 | |
| 1969 | 240 For abbreviations |v:char| is set to the character that was typed to trigger |
| 241 the abbreviation. You can use this to decide how to expand the {lhs}. You | |
| 3082 | 242 should not either insert or change the v:char. |
| 1969 | 243 |
| 721 | 244 Be very careful about side effects! The expression is evaluated while |
| 856 | 245 obtaining characters, you may very well make the command dysfunctional. |
| 246 For this reason the following is blocked: | |
| 1132 | 247 - Changing the buffer text |textlock|. |
| 248 - Editing another buffer. | |
| 249 - The |:normal| command. | |
| 250 - Moving the cursor is allowed, but it is restored afterwards. | |
| 856 | 251 If you want the mapping to do any of these let the returned characters do |
| 252 that. | |
| 721 | 253 |
| 3153 | 254 You can use getchar(), it consumes typeahead if there is any. E.g., if you |
| 255 have these mappings: > | |
| 256 inoremap <expr> <C-L> nr2char(getchar()) | |
| 257 inoremap <expr> <C-L>x "foo" | |
| 258 If you now type CTRL-L nothing happens yet, Vim needs the next character to | |
| 259 decide what mapping to use. If you type 'x' the second mapping is used and | |
| 3224 | 260 "foo" is inserted. If you type any other key the first mapping is used, |
| 261 getchar() gets the typed key and returns it. | |
| 3153 | 262 |
| 721 | 263 Here is an example that inserts a list number that increases: > |
| 264 let counter = 0 | |
| 265 inoremap <expr> <C-L> ListItem() | |
| 266 inoremap <expr> <C-R> ListReset() | |
| 267 | |
| 268 func ListItem() | |
| 269 let g:counter += 1 | |
| 270 return g:counter . '. ' | |
| 271 endfunc | |
| 272 | |
| 273 func ListReset() | |
| 274 let g:counter = 0 | |
| 275 return '' | |
| 276 endfunc | |
| 277 | |
| 727 | 278 CTRL-L inserts the next number, CTRL-R resets the count. CTRL-R returns an |
| 721 | 279 empty string, so that nothing is inserted. |
| 7 | 280 |
| 837 | 281 Note that there are some tricks to make special keys work and escape CSI bytes |
| 282 in the text. The |:map| command also does this, thus you must avoid that it | |
| 283 is done twice. This does not work: > | |
| 284 :imap <expr> <F3> "<Char-0x611B>" | |
| 285 Because the <Char- sequence is escaped for being a |:imap| argument and then | |
| 286 again for using <expr>. This does work: > | |
| 287 :imap <expr> <F3> "\u611B" | |
| 288 Using 0x80 as a single byte before other text does not work, it will be seen | |
| 289 as a special key. | |
| 290 | |
| 7 | 291 |
| 592 | 292 1.3 MAPPING AND MODES *:map-modes* |
| 1619 | 293 *mapmode-nvo* *mapmode-n* *mapmode-v* *mapmode-o* |
| 7 | 294 |
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295 There are six sets of mappings |
| 7 | 296 - For Normal mode: When typing commands. |
| 297 - For Visual mode: When typing commands while the Visual area is highlighted. | |
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298 - For Select mode: like Visual mode but typing text replaces the selection. |
| 7 | 299 - For Operator-pending mode: When an operator is pending (after "d", "y", "c", |
| 1619 | 300 etc.). See below: |omap-info|. |
| 236 | 301 - For Insert mode. These are also used in Replace mode. |
| 7 | 302 - For Command-line mode: When entering a ":" or "/" command. |
| 303 | |
| 304 Special case: While typing a count for a command in Normal mode, mapping zero | |
| 305 is disabled. This makes it possible to map zero without making it impossible | |
| 306 to type a count with a zero. | |
| 307 | |
| 308 *map-overview* *map-modes* | |
| 5908 | 309 Overview of which map command works in which mode. More details below. |
| 310 COMMANDS MODES ~ | |
| 311 :map :noremap :unmap Normal, Visual, Select, Operator-pending | |
| 312 :nmap :nnoremap :nunmap Normal | |
| 313 :vmap :vnoremap :vunmap Visual and Select | |
| 314 :smap :snoremap :sunmap Select | |
| 315 :xmap :xnoremap :xunmap Visual | |
| 316 :omap :onoremap :ounmap Operator-pending | |
| 317 :map! :noremap! :unmap! Insert and Command-line | |
| 318 :imap :inoremap :iunmap Insert | |
| 319 :lmap :lnoremap :lunmap Insert, Command-line, Lang-Arg | |
| 320 :cmap :cnoremap :cunmap Command-line | |
| 7 | 321 |
| 5908 | 322 |
| 323 COMMANDS MODES ~ | |
| 856 | 324 Normal Visual+Select Operator-pending ~ |
| 325 :map :noremap :unmap :mapclear yes yes yes | |
| 326 :nmap :nnoremap :nunmap :nmapclear yes - - | |
| 327 :vmap :vnoremap :vunmap :vmapclear - yes - | |
| 328 :omap :onoremap :ounmap :omapclear - - yes | |
| 788 | 329 |
| 826 | 330 :nunmap can also be used outside of a monastery. |
| 856 | 331 *mapmode-x* *mapmode-s* |
| 788 | 332 Some commands work both in Visual and Select mode, some in only one. Note |
| 333 that quite often "Visual" is mentioned where both Visual and Select mode | |
| 334 apply. |Select-mode-mapping| | |
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335 NOTE: Mapping a printable character in Select mode may confuse the user. It's |
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336 better to explicitly use :xmap and :smap for printable characters. Or use |
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337 :sunmap after defining the mapping. |
| 788 | 338 |
| 5908 | 339 COMMANDS MODES ~ |
| 856 | 340 Visual Select ~ |
| 341 :vmap :vnoremap :vunmap :vmapclear yes yes | |
| 342 :xmap :xnoremap :xunmap :xmapclear yes - | |
| 343 :smap :snoremap :sunmap :smapclear - yes | |
| 7 | 344 |
| 663 | 345 *mapmode-ic* *mapmode-i* *mapmode-c* *mapmode-l* |
| 788 | 346 Some commands work both in Insert mode and Command-line mode, some not: |
| 347 | |
| 5908 | 348 COMMANDS MODES ~ |
| 7 | 349 Insert Command-line Lang-Arg ~ |
| 350 :map! :noremap! :unmap! :mapclear! yes yes - | |
| 351 :imap :inoremap :iunmap :imapclear yes - - | |
| 352 :cmap :cnoremap :cunmap :cmapclear - yes - | |
| 353 :lmap :lnoremap :lunmap :lmapclear yes* yes* yes* | |
| 354 | |
| 355 The original Vi did not have separate mappings for | |
| 356 Normal/Visual/Operator-pending mode and for Insert/Command-line mode. | |
| 357 Therefore the ":map" and ":map!" commands enter and display mappings for | |
| 358 several modes. In Vim you can use the ":nmap", ":vmap", ":omap", ":cmap" and | |
| 359 ":imap" commands to enter mappings for each mode separately. | |
| 360 | |
| 1619 | 361 *omap-info* |
| 362 Operator-pending mappings can be used to define a movement command that can be | |
| 363 used with any operator. Simple example: ":omap { w" makes "y{" work like "yw" | |
| 364 and "d{" like "dw". | |
| 365 | |
| 366 To ignore the starting cursor position and select different text, you can have | |
| 367 the omap start Visual mode to select the text to be operated upon. Example | |
| 368 that operates on a function name in the current line: > | |
| 369 onoremap <silent> F :<C-U>normal! 0f(hviw<CR> | |
| 370 The CTRL-U (<C-U>) is used to remove the range that Vim may insert. The | |
| 371 Normal mode commands find the first '(' character and select the first word | |
| 372 before it. That usually is the function name. | |
| 373 | |
| 7 | 374 To enter a mapping for Normal and Visual mode, but not Operator-pending mode, |
| 375 first define it for all three modes, then unmap it for Operator-pending mode: | |
| 376 :map xx something-difficult | |
| 377 :ounmap xx | |
| 378 Likewise for a mapping for Visual and Operator-pending mode or Normal and | |
| 379 Operator-pending mode. | |
| 380 | |
| 381 *language-mapping* | |
| 382 ":lmap" defines a mapping that applies to: | |
| 383 - Insert mode | |
| 384 - Command-line mode | |
| 385 - when entering a search pattern | |
| 386 - the argument of the commands that accept a text character, such as "r" and | |
| 387 "f" | |
| 388 - for the input() line | |
| 389 Generally: Whenever a character is to be typed that is part of the text in the | |
| 390 buffer, not a Vim command character. "Lang-Arg" isn't really another mode, | |
| 391 it's just used here for this situation. | |
| 392 The simplest way to load a set of related language mappings is by using the | |
| 393 'keymap' option. See |45.5|. | |
| 394 In Insert mode and in Command-line mode the mappings can be disabled with | |
| 5340 | 395 the CTRL-^ command |i_CTRL-^| |c_CTRL-^|. These commands change the value of |
| 5294 | 396 the 'iminsert' option. When starting to enter a normal command line (not a |
| 397 search pattern) the mappings are disabled until a CTRL-^ is typed. The state | |
| 398 last used is remembered for Insert mode and Search patterns separately. The | |
| 399 state for Insert mode is also used when typing a character as an argument to | |
| 400 command like "f" or "t". | |
| 7 | 401 Language mappings will never be applied to already mapped characters. They |
| 402 are only used for typed characters. This assumes that the language mapping | |
| 403 was already done when typing the mapping. | |
| 404 | |
| 405 | |
| 592 | 406 1.4 LISTING MAPPINGS *map-listing* |
| 407 | |
| 7 | 408 When listing mappings the characters in the first two columns are: |
| 409 | |
| 410 CHAR MODE ~ | |
| 1132 | 411 <Space> Normal, Visual, Select and Operator-pending |
| 7 | 412 n Normal |
| 1132 | 413 v Visual and Select |
| 414 s Select | |
| 415 x Visual | |
| 7 | 416 o Operator-pending |
| 417 ! Insert and Command-line | |
| 418 i Insert | |
| 419 l ":lmap" mappings for Insert, Command-line and Lang-Arg | |
| 420 c Command-line | |
| 421 | |
| 422 Just before the {rhs} a special character can appear: | |
| 423 * indicates that it is not remappable | |
| 424 & indicates that only script-local mappings are remappable | |
| 425 @ indicates a buffer-local mapping | |
| 426 | |
| 427 Everything from the first non-blank after {lhs} up to the end of the line | |
| 428 (or '|') is considered to be part of {rhs}. This allows the {rhs} to end | |
| 429 with a space. | |
| 430 | |
| 431 Note: When using mappings for Visual mode, you can use the "'<" mark, which | |
| 432 is the start of the last selected Visual area in the current buffer |'<|. | |
| 433 | |
| 481 | 434 *:map-verbose* |
| 435 When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing a key map will also display where it was | |
| 436 last defined. Example: > | |
| 437 | |
| 438 :verbose map <C-W>* | |
| 439 n <C-W>* * <C-W><C-S>* | |
| 856 | 440 Last set from /home/abcd/.vimrc |
| 481 | 441 |
| 483 | 442 See |:verbose-cmd| for more information. |
| 481 | 443 |
| 592 | 444 |
| 445 1.5 MAPPING SPECIAL KEYS *:map-special-keys* | |
| 446 | |
| 447 There are three ways to map a special key: | |
| 448 1. The Vi-compatible method: Map the key code. Often this is a sequence that | |
| 449 starts with <Esc>. To enter a mapping like this you type ":map " and then | |
| 450 you have to type CTRL-V before hitting the function key. Note that when | |
| 451 the key code for the key is in the termcap (the t_ options), it will | |
| 452 automatically be translated into the internal code and become the second | |
| 453 way of mapping (unless the 'k' flag is included in 'cpoptions'). | |
| 454 2. The second method is to use the internal code for the function key. To | |
| 455 enter such a mapping type CTRL-K and then hit the function key, or use | |
| 456 the form "#1", "#2", .. "#9", "#0", "<Up>", "<S-Down>", "<S-F7>", etc. | |
| 457 (see table of keys |key-notation|, all keys from <Up> can be used). The | |
| 458 first ten function keys can be defined in two ways: Just the number, like | |
| 459 "#2", and with "<F>", like "<F2>". Both stand for function key 2. "#0" | |
| 460 refers to function key 10, defined with option 't_f10', which may be | |
| 461 function key zero on some keyboards. The <> form cannot be used when | |
| 462 'cpoptions' includes the '<' flag. | |
| 463 3. Use the termcap entry, with the form <t_xx>, where "xx" is the name of the | |
| 464 termcap entry. Any string entry can be used. For example: > | |
| 465 :map <t_F3> G | |
| 466 < Maps function key 13 to "G". This does not work if 'cpoptions' includes | |
| 467 the '<' flag. | |
| 468 | |
| 469 The advantage of the second and third method is that the mapping will work on | |
| 470 different terminals without modification (the function key will be | |
| 471 translated into the same internal code or the actual key code, no matter what | |
| 472 terminal you are using. The termcap must be correct for this to work, and you | |
| 473 must use the same mappings). | |
| 474 | |
| 475 DETAIL: Vim first checks if a sequence from the keyboard is mapped. If it | |
| 476 isn't the terminal key codes are tried (see |terminal-options|). If a | |
| 477 terminal code is found it is replaced with the internal code. Then the check | |
| 478 for a mapping is done again (so you can map an internal code to something | |
| 479 else). What is written into the script file depends on what is recognized. | |
| 480 If the terminal key code was recognized as a mapping the key code itself is | |
| 481 written to the script file. If it was recognized as a terminal code the | |
| 482 internal code is written to the script file. | |
| 483 | |
| 484 | |
| 485 1.6 SPECIAL CHARACTERS *:map-special-chars* | |
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486 *map_backslash* *map-backslash* |
| 7 | 487 Note that only CTRL-V is mentioned here as a special character for mappings |
| 488 and abbreviations. When 'cpoptions' does not contain 'B', a backslash can | |
| 489 also be used like CTRL-V. The <> notation can be fully used then |<>|. But | |
| 490 you cannot use "<C-V>" like CTRL-V to escape the special meaning of what | |
| 491 follows. | |
| 492 | |
| 493 To map a backslash, or use a backslash literally in the {rhs}, the special | |
| 494 sequence "<Bslash>" can be used. This avoids the need to double backslashes | |
| 495 when using nested mappings. | |
| 496 | |
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497 *map_CTRL-C* *map-CTRL-C* |
| 532 | 498 Using CTRL-C in the {lhs} is possible, but it will only work when Vim is |
| 499 waiting for a key, not when Vim is busy with something. When Vim is busy | |
| 500 CTRL-C interrupts/breaks the command. | |
| 501 When using the GUI version on MS-Windows CTRL-C can be mapped to allow a Copy | |
| 502 command to the clipboard. Use CTRL-Break to interrupt Vim. | |
| 7 | 503 |
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504 *map_space_in_lhs* *map-space_in_lhs* |
| 7 | 505 To include a space in {lhs} precede it with a CTRL-V (type two CTRL-Vs for |
| 506 each space). | |
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507 *map_space_in_rhs* *map-space_in_rhs* |
| 7 | 508 If you want a {rhs} that starts with a space, use "<Space>". To be fully Vi |
| 509 compatible (but unreadable) don't use the |<>| notation, precede {rhs} with a | |
| 510 single CTRL-V (you have to type CTRL-V two times). | |
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511 *map_empty_rhs* *map-empty-rhs* |
| 7 | 512 You can create an empty {rhs} by typing nothing after a single CTRL-V (you |
| 513 have to type CTRL-V two times). Unfortunately, you cannot do this in a vimrc | |
| 514 file. | |
| 515 *<Nop>* | |
| 2826 | 516 An easier way to get a mapping that doesn't produce anything, is to use |
| 517 "<Nop>" for the {rhs}. This only works when the |<>| notation is enabled. | |
| 518 For example, to make sure that function key 8 does nothing at all: > | |
| 7 | 519 :map <F8> <Nop> |
| 520 :map! <F8> <Nop> | |
| 521 < | |
| 592 | 522 *map-multibyte* |
| 523 It is possible to map multibyte characters, but only the whole character. You | |
| 524 cannot map the first byte only. This was done to prevent problems in this | |
| 525 scenario: > | |
| 526 :set encoding=latin1 | |
| 527 :imap <M-C> foo | |
| 528 :set encoding=utf-8 | |
| 529 The mapping for <M-C> is defined with the latin1 encoding, resulting in a 0xc3 | |
| 1619 | 530 byte. If you type the character á (0xe1 <M-a>) in UTF-8 encoding this is the |
| 2826 | 531 two bytes 0xc3 0xa1. You don't want the 0xc3 byte to be mapped then or |
| 592 | 532 otherwise it would be impossible to type the á character. |
| 533 | |
| 7 | 534 *<Leader>* *mapleader* |
| 535 To define a mapping which uses the "mapleader" variable, the special string | |
| 536 "<Leader>" can be used. It is replaced with the string value of "mapleader". | |
| 537 If "mapleader" is not set or empty, a backslash is used instead. Example: > | |
| 538 :map <Leader>A oanother line<Esc> | |
| 539 Works like: > | |
| 540 :map \A oanother line<Esc> | |
| 541 But after: > | |
| 542 :let mapleader = "," | |
| 543 It works like: > | |
| 544 :map ,A oanother line<Esc> | |
| 545 | |
| 546 Note that the value of "mapleader" is used at the moment the mapping is | |
| 547 defined. Changing "mapleader" after that has no effect for already defined | |
| 548 mappings. | |
| 549 | |
| 550 *<LocalLeader>* *maplocalleader* | |
| 1619 | 551 <LocalLeader> is just like <Leader>, except that it uses "maplocalleader" |
| 552 instead of "mapleader". <LocalLeader> is to be used for mappings which are | |
| 553 local to a buffer. Example: > | |
| 3312 | 554 :map <buffer> <LocalLeader>A oanother line<Esc> |
| 7 | 555 < |
| 556 In a global plugin <Leader> should be used and in a filetype plugin | |
| 557 <LocalLeader>. "mapleader" and "maplocalleader" can be equal. Although, if | |
| 558 you make them different, there is a smaller chance of mappings from global | |
| 559 plugins to clash with mappings for filetype plugins. For example, you could | |
| 560 keep "mapleader" at the default backslash, and set "maplocalleader" to an | |
| 561 underscore. | |
| 562 | |
| 563 *map-<SID>* | |
| 564 In a script the special key name "<SID>" can be used to define a mapping | |
| 565 that's local to the script. See |<SID>| for details. | |
| 566 | |
| 567 *<Plug>* | |
| 568 The special key name "<Plug>" can be used for an internal mapping, which is | |
| 569 not to be matched with any key sequence. This is useful in plugins | |
| 570 |using-<Plug>|. | |
| 571 | |
| 572 *<Char>* *<Char->* | |
| 573 To map a character by its decimal, octal or hexadecimal number the <Char> | |
| 574 construct can be used: | |
| 575 <Char-123> character 123 | |
| 576 <Char-033> character 27 | |
| 577 <Char-0x7f> character 127 | |
| 3082 | 578 <S-Char-114> character 114 ('r') shifted ('R') |
| 7 | 579 This is useful to specify a (multi-byte) character in a 'keymap' file. |
| 580 Upper and lowercase differences are ignored. | |
| 581 | |
| 582 *map-comments* | |
| 583 It is not possible to put a comment after these commands, because the '"' | |
| 584 character is considered to be part of the {lhs} or {rhs}. | |
| 585 | |
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586 *map_bar* *map-bar* |
| 7 | 587 Since the '|' character is used to separate a map command from the next |
| 588 command, you will have to do something special to include a '|' in {rhs}. | |
| 589 There are three methods: | |
| 590 use works when example ~ | |
| 591 <Bar> '<' is not in 'cpoptions' :map _l :!ls <Bar> more^M | |
| 592 \| 'b' is not in 'cpoptions' :map _l :!ls \| more^M | |
| 593 ^V| always, in Vim and Vi :map _l :!ls ^V| more^M | |
| 594 | |
| 595 (here ^V stands for CTRL-V; to get one CTRL-V you have to type it twice; you | |
| 596 cannot use the <> notation "<C-V>" here). | |
| 597 | |
| 598 All three work when you use the default setting for 'cpoptions'. | |
| 599 | |
| 600 When 'b' is present in 'cpoptions', "\|" will be recognized as a mapping | |
| 601 ending in a '\' and then another command. This is Vi compatible, but | |
| 602 illogical when compared to other commands. | |
| 603 | |
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604 *map_return* *map-return* |
| 7 | 605 When you have a mapping that contains an Ex command, you need to put a line |
| 606 terminator after it to have it executed. The use of <CR> is recommended for | |
| 607 this (see |<>|). Example: > | |
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608 :map _ls :!ls -l %:S<CR>:echo "the end"<CR> |
| 7 | 609 |
| 610 To avoid mapping of the characters you type in insert or Command-line mode, | |
| 611 type a CTRL-V first. The mapping in Insert mode is disabled if the 'paste' | |
| 612 option is on. | |
| 5239 | 613 *map-error* |
| 7 | 614 Note that when an error is encountered (that causes an error message or beep) |
| 615 the rest of the mapping is not executed. This is Vi-compatible. | |
| 616 | |
| 617 Note that the second character (argument) of the commands @zZtTfF[]rm'`"v | |
| 618 and CTRL-X is not mapped. This was done to be able to use all the named | |
| 619 registers and marks, even when the command with the same name has been | |
| 620 mapped. | |
| 621 | |
| 592 | 622 |
| 623 1.7 WHAT KEYS TO MAP *map-which-keys* | |
| 624 | |
| 7 | 625 If you are going to map something, you will need to choose which key(s) to use |
| 626 for the {lhs}. You will have to avoid keys that are used for Vim commands, | |
| 627 otherwise you would not be able to use those commands anymore. Here are a few | |
| 628 suggestions: | |
| 629 - Function keys <F2>, <F3>, etc.. Also the shifted function keys <S-F1>, | |
| 630 <S-F2>, etc. Note that <F1> is already used for the help command. | |
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631 - Meta-keys (with the ALT key pressed). Depending on your keyboard accented |
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632 characters may be used as well. |:map-alt-keys| |
| 7 | 633 - Use the '_' or ',' character and then any other character. The "_" and "," |
| 634 commands do exist in Vim (see |_| and |,|), but you probably never use them. | |
| 635 - Use a key that is a synonym for another command. For example: CTRL-P and | |
| 636 CTRL-N. Use an extra character to allow more mappings. | |
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637 - The key defined by <Leader> and one or more other keys. This is especially |
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638 useful in scripts. |mapleader| |
| 7 | 639 |
| 640 See the file "index" for keys that are not used and thus can be mapped without | |
| 641 losing any builtin function. You can also use ":help {key}^D" to find out if | |
| 642 a key is used for some command. ({key} is the specific key you want to find | |
| 643 out about, ^D is CTRL-D). | |
| 644 | |
| 592 | 645 |
| 646 1.8 EXAMPLES *map-examples* | |
| 647 | |
| 7 | 648 A few examples (given as you type them, for "<CR>" you type four characters; |
| 649 the '<' flag must not be present in 'cpoptions' for this to work). > | |
| 650 | |
| 651 :map <F3> o#include | |
| 652 :map <M-g> /foo<CR>cwbar<Esc> | |
| 653 :map _x d/END/e<CR> | |
| 654 :map! qq quadrillion questions | |
| 1132 | 655 |
| 656 | |
| 657 Multiplying a count | |
| 658 | |
| 659 When you type a count before triggering a mapping, it's like the count was | |
| 660 typed before the {lhs}. For example, with this mapping: > | |
| 661 :map <F4> 3w | |
| 662 Typing 2<F4> will result in "23w". Thus not moving 2 * 3 words but 23 words. | |
| 663 If you want to multiply counts use the expression register: > | |
| 664 :map <F4> @='3w'<CR> | |
| 665 The part between quotes is the expression being executed. |@=| | |
| 666 | |
| 592 | 667 |
| 668 1.9 USING MAPPINGS *map-typing* | |
| 669 | |
| 7 | 670 Vim will compare what you type with the start of a mapped sequence. If there |
| 671 is an incomplete match, it will get more characters until there either is a | |
| 672 complete match or until there is no match at all. Example: If you map! "qq", | |
| 673 the first 'q' will not appear on the screen until you type another | |
| 674 character. This is because Vim cannot know if the next character will be a | |
| 675 'q' or not. If the 'timeout' option is on (which is the default) Vim will | |
| 676 only wait for one second (or as long as specified with the 'timeoutlen' | |
| 677 option). After that it assumes that the 'q' is to be interpreted as such. If | |
| 678 you type slowly, or your system is slow, reset the 'timeout' option. Then you | |
| 679 might want to set the 'ttimeout' option. | |
| 680 | |
| 4869 | 681 *map-precedence* |
| 682 Buffer-local mappings (defined using |:map-<buffer>|) take precedence over | |
| 683 global mappings. When a buffer-local mapping is the same as a global mapping, | |
| 684 Vim will use the buffer-local mapping. In addition, Vim will use a complete | |
| 5055 | 685 mapping immediately if it was defined with <nowait>, even if a longer mapping |
| 686 has the same prefix. For example, given the following two mappings: > | |
| 687 :map <buffer> <nowait> \a :echo "Local \a"<CR> | |
| 688 :map \abc :echo "Global \abc"<CR> | |
| 689 When typing \a the buffer-local mapping will be used immediately. Vim will | |
| 690 not wait for more characters to see if the user might be typing \abc. | |
| 4869 | 691 |
| 7 | 692 *map-keys-fails* |
| 588 | 693 There are situations where key codes might not be recognized: |
| 7 | 694 - Vim can only read part of the key code. Mostly this is only the first |
| 695 character. This happens on some Unix versions in an xterm. | |
| 696 - The key code is after character(s) that are mapped. E.g., "<F1><F1>" or | |
| 697 "g<F1>". | |
| 588 | 698 |
| 7 | 699 The result is that the key code is not recognized in this situation, and the |
| 588 | 700 mapping fails. There are two actions needed to avoid this problem: |
| 701 | |
| 7 | 702 - Remove the 'K' flag from 'cpoptions'. This will make Vim wait for the rest |
| 703 of the characters of the function key. | |
| 704 - When using <F1> to <F4> the actual key code generated may correspond to | |
| 705 <xF1> to <xF4>. There are mappings from <xF1> to <F1>, <xF2> to <F2>, etc., | |
| 706 but these are not recognized after another half a mapping. Make sure the | |
| 707 key codes for <F1> to <F4> are correct: > | |
| 708 :set <F1>=<type CTRL-V><type F1> | |
| 709 < Type the <F1> as four characters. The part after the "=" must be done with | |
| 710 the actual keys, not the literal text. | |
| 711 Another solution is to use the actual key code in the mapping for the second | |
| 712 special key: > | |
| 713 :map <F1><Esc>OP :echo "yes"<CR> | |
| 714 Don't type a real <Esc>, Vim will recognize the key code and replace it with | |
| 715 <F1> anyway. | |
| 716 | |
| 588 | 717 Another problem may be that when keeping ALT or Meta pressed the terminal |
| 718 prepends ESC instead of setting the 8th bit. See |:map-alt-keys|. | |
| 719 | |
| 7 | 720 *recursive_mapping* |
| 721 If you include the {lhs} in the {rhs} you have a recursive mapping. When | |
| 722 {lhs} is typed, it will be replaced with {rhs}. When the {lhs} which is | |
| 723 included in {rhs} is encountered it will be replaced with {rhs}, and so on. | |
| 724 This makes it possible to repeat a command an infinite number of times. The | |
| 725 only problem is that the only way to stop this is by causing an error. The | |
| 726 macros to solve a maze uses this, look there for an example. There is one | |
| 727 exception: If the {rhs} starts with {lhs}, the first character is not mapped | |
| 728 again (this is Vi compatible). | |
| 729 For example: > | |
| 730 :map ab abcd | |
| 731 will execute the "a" command and insert "bcd" in the text. The "ab" in the | |
| 732 {rhs} will not be mapped again. | |
| 733 | |
| 734 If you want to exchange the meaning of two keys you should use the :noremap | |
| 735 command. For example: > | |
| 736 :noremap k j | |
| 737 :noremap j k | |
| 738 This will exchange the cursor up and down commands. | |
| 739 | |
| 740 With the normal :map command, when the 'remap' option is on, mapping takes | |
| 741 place until the text is found not to be a part of a {lhs}. For example, if | |
| 742 you use: > | |
| 743 :map x y | |
| 744 :map y x | |
| 745 Vim will replace x with y, and then y with x, etc. When this has happened | |
| 746 'maxmapdepth' times (default 1000), Vim will give the error message | |
| 747 "recursive mapping". | |
| 748 | |
| 749 *:map-undo* | |
| 750 If you include an undo command inside a mapped sequence, this will bring the | |
| 751 text back in the state before executing the macro. This is compatible with | |
| 752 the original Vi, as long as there is only one undo command in the mapped | |
| 753 sequence (having two undo commands in a mapped sequence did not make sense | |
| 754 in the original Vi, you would get back the text before the first undo). | |
| 755 | |
| 756 | |
| 592 | 757 1.10 MAPPING ALT-KEYS *:map-alt-keys* |
| 588 | 758 |
| 759 In the GUI Vim handles the Alt key itself, thus mapping keys with ALT should | |
| 760 always work. But in a terminal Vim gets a sequence of bytes and has to figure | |
| 761 out whether ALT was pressed or not. | |
| 762 | |
| 763 By default Vim assumes that pressing the ALT key sets the 8th bit of a typed | |
| 605 | 764 character. Most decent terminals can work that way, such as xterm, aterm and |
| 588 | 765 rxvt. If your <A-k> mappings don't work it might be that the terminal is |
| 766 prefixing the character with an ESC character. But you can just as well type | |
| 767 ESC before a character, thus Vim doesn't know what happened (except for | |
| 768 checking the delay between characters, which is not reliable). | |
| 769 | |
| 770 As of this writing, some mainstream terminals like gnome-terminal and konsole | |
| 771 use the ESC prefix. There doesn't appear a way to have them use the 8th bit | |
| 605 | 772 instead. Xterm should work well by default. Aterm and rxvt should work well |
| 773 when started with the "--meta8" argument. You can also tweak resources like | |
| 774 "metaSendsEscape", "eightBitInput" and "eightBitOutput". | |
| 588 | 775 |
| 776 On the Linux console, this behavior can be toggled with the "setmetamode" | |
| 777 command. Bear in mind that not using an ESC prefix could get you in trouble | |
| 778 with other programs. You should make sure that bash has the "convert-meta" | |
| 779 option set to "on" in order for your Meta keybindings to still work on it | |
| 780 (it's the default readline behavior, unless changed by specific system | |
| 781 configuration). For that, you can add the line: > | |
| 782 | |
| 783 set convert-meta on | |
| 784 | |
| 785 to your ~/.inputrc file. If you're creating the file, you might want to use: > | |
| 786 | |
| 787 $include /etc/inputrc | |
| 788 | |
| 789 as the first line, if that file exists on your system, to keep global options. | |
| 790 This may cause a problem for entering special characters, such as the umlaut. | |
| 791 Then you should use CTRL-V before that character. | |
| 792 | |
| 793 Bear in mind that convert-meta has been reported to have troubles when used in | |
| 794 UTF-8 locales. On terminals like xterm, the "metaSendsEscape" resource can be | |
| 795 toggled on the fly through the "Main Options" menu, by pressing Ctrl-LeftClick | |
| 796 on the terminal; that's a good last resource in case you want to send ESC when | |
| 797 using other applications but not when inside VIM. | |
| 798 | |
| 592 | 799 |
| 800 1.11 MAPPING AN OPERATOR *:map-operator* | |
| 801 | |
| 802 An operator is used before a {motion} command. To define your own operator | |
| 803 you must create mapping that first sets the 'operatorfunc' option and then | |
| 804 invoke the |g@| operator. After the user types the {motion} command the | |
| 805 specified function will be called. | |
| 806 | |
| 626 | 807 *g@* *E774* *E775* |
| 592 | 808 g@{motion} Call the function set by the 'operatorfunc' option. |
| 809 The '[ mark is positioned at the start of the text | |
| 810 moved over by {motion}, the '] mark on the last | |
| 811 character of the text. | |
| 812 The function is called with one String argument: | |
| 813 "line" {motion} was |linewise| | |
| 814 "char" {motion} was |characterwise| | |
|
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| 592 | 816 Although "block" would rarely appear, since it can |
| 817 only result from Visual mode where "g@" is not useful. | |
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818 {not available when compiled without the |+eval| |
| 592 | 819 feature} |
| 820 | |
| 821 Here is an example that counts the number of spaces with <F4>: > | |
| 822 | |
| 823 nmap <silent> <F4> :set opfunc=CountSpaces<CR>g@ | |
| 824 vmap <silent> <F4> :<C-U>call CountSpaces(visualmode(), 1)<CR> | |
| 825 | |
| 826 function! CountSpaces(type, ...) | |
| 827 let sel_save = &selection | |
| 828 let &selection = "inclusive" | |
| 829 let reg_save = @@ | |
| 830 | |
| 5968 | 831 if a:0 " Invoked from Visual mode, use gv command. |
| 832 silent exe "normal! gvy" | |
| 592 | 833 elseif a:type == 'line' |
| 834 silent exe "normal! '[V']y" | |
| 835 else | |
| 836 silent exe "normal! `[v`]y" | |
| 837 endif | |
| 838 | |
| 839 echomsg strlen(substitute(@@, '[^ ]', '', 'g')) | |
| 840 | |
| 841 let &selection = sel_save | |
| 842 let @@ = reg_save | |
| 843 endfunction | |
| 844 | |
| 845 Note that the 'selection' option is temporarily set to "inclusive" to be able | |
| 846 to yank exactly the right text by using Visual mode from the '[ to the '] | |
| 847 mark. | |
| 848 | |
| 849 Also note that there is a separate mapping for Visual mode. It removes the | |
| 850 "'<,'>" range that ":" inserts in Visual mode and invokes the function with | |
| 851 visualmode() and an extra argument. | |
| 852 | |
| 7 | 853 ============================================================================== |
| 854 2. Abbreviations *abbreviations* *Abbreviations* | |
| 855 | |
| 856 Abbreviations are used in Insert mode, Replace mode and Command-line mode. | |
| 857 If you enter a word that is an abbreviation, it is replaced with the word it | |
| 858 stands for. This can be used to save typing for often used long words. And | |
| 859 you can use it to automatically correct obvious spelling errors. | |
| 860 Examples: | |
| 861 | |
| 1190 | 862 :iab ms Microsoft |
| 7 | 863 :iab tihs this |
| 864 | |
| 865 There are three types of abbreviations: | |
| 866 | |
| 867 full-id The "full-id" type consists entirely of keyword characters (letters | |
| 868 and characters from 'iskeyword' option). This is the most common | |
| 869 abbreviation. | |
| 870 | |
| 871 Examples: "foo", "g3", "-1" | |
| 872 | |
| 873 end-id The "end-id" type ends in a keyword character, but all the other | |
| 874 characters are not keyword characters. | |
| 875 | |
| 876 Examples: "#i", "..f", "$/7" | |
| 877 | |
| 878 non-id The "non-id" type ends in a non-keyword character, the other | |
| 1236 | 879 characters may be of any type, excluding space and tab. {this type |
| 7 | 880 is not supported by Vi} |
| 881 | |
| 882 Examples: "def#", "4/7$" | |
| 883 | |
| 884 Examples of strings that cannot be abbreviations: "a.b", "#def", "a b", "_$r" | |
| 885 | |
| 886 An abbreviation is only recognized when you type a non-keyword character. | |
| 887 This can also be the <Esc> that ends insert mode or the <CR> that ends a | |
| 888 command. The non-keyword character which ends the abbreviation is inserted | |
| 889 after the expanded abbreviation. An exception to this is the character <C-]>, | |
| 890 which is used to expand an abbreviation without inserting any extra | |
| 891 characters. | |
| 892 | |
| 893 Example: > | |
| 894 :ab hh hello | |
| 895 < "hh<Space>" is expanded to "hello<Space>" | |
| 896 "hh<C-]>" is expanded to "hello" | |
| 897 | |
| 898 The characters before the cursor must match the abbreviation. Each type has | |
| 899 an additional rule: | |
| 900 | |
| 901 full-id In front of the match is a non-keyword character, or this is where | |
| 902 the line or insertion starts. Exception: When the abbreviation is | |
| 903 only one character, it is not recognized if there is a non-keyword | |
| 1236 | 904 character in front of it, other than a space or a tab. |
| 7 | 905 |
| 1236 | 906 end-id In front of the match is a keyword character, or a space or a tab, |
| 7 | 907 or this is where the line or insertion starts. |
| 908 | |
| 1236 | 909 non-id In front of the match is a space, tab or the start of the line or |
| 7 | 910 the insertion. |
| 911 | |
| 912 Examples: ({CURSOR} is where you type a non-keyword character) > | |
| 913 :ab foo four old otters | |
| 914 < " foo{CURSOR}" is expanded to " four old otters" | |
| 915 " foobar{CURSOR}" is not expanded | |
| 916 "barfoo{CURSOR}" is not expanded | |
| 917 > | |
| 918 :ab #i #include | |
| 919 < "#i{CURSOR}" is expanded to "#include" | |
| 920 ">#i{CURSOR}" is not expanded | |
| 921 > | |
| 42 | 922 :ab ;; <endofline> |
| 7 | 923 < "test;;" is not expanded |
| 924 "test ;;" is expanded to "test <endofline>" | |
| 925 | |
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926 To avoid the abbreviation in Insert mode: Type CTRL-V before the character |
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927 that would trigger the abbreviation. E.g. CTRL-V <Space>. Or type part of |
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928 the abbreviation, exit insert mode with <Esc>, re-enter insert mode with "a" |
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929 and type the rest. |
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930 |
| 7 | 931 To avoid the abbreviation in Command-line mode: Type CTRL-V twice somewhere in |
| 932 the abbreviation to avoid it to be replaced. A CTRL-V in front of a normal | |
| 933 character is mostly ignored otherwise. | |
| 934 | |
| 935 It is possible to move the cursor after an abbreviation: > | |
| 936 :iab if if ()<Left> | |
| 937 This does not work if 'cpoptions' includes the '<' flag. |<>| | |
| 938 | |
| 939 You can even do more complicated things. For example, to consume the space | |
| 940 typed after an abbreviation: > | |
| 941 func Eatchar(pat) | |
| 685 | 942 let c = nr2char(getchar(0)) |
| 7 | 943 return (c =~ a:pat) ? '' : c |
| 944 endfunc | |
| 945 iabbr <silent> if if ()<Left><C-R>=Eatchar('\s')<CR> | |
| 946 | |
| 947 There are no default abbreviations. | |
| 948 | |
| 949 Abbreviations are never recursive. You can use ":ab f f-o-o" without any | |
| 950 problem. But abbreviations can be mapped. {some versions of Vi support | |
| 951 recursive abbreviations, for no apparent reason} | |
| 952 | |
| 953 Abbreviations are disabled if the 'paste' option is on. | |
| 954 | |
| 955 *:abbreviate-local* *:abbreviate-<buffer>* | |
| 956 Just like mappings, abbreviations can be local to a buffer. This is mostly | |
| 957 used in a |filetype-plugin| file. Example for a C plugin file: > | |
| 958 :abb <buffer> FF for (i = 0; i < ; ++i) | |
| 959 < | |
| 960 *:ab* *:abbreviate* | |
| 961 :ab[breviate] list all abbreviations. The character in the first | |
| 962 column indicates the mode where the abbreviation is | |
| 963 used: 'i' for insert mode, 'c' for Command-line | |
| 964 mode, '!' for both. These are the same as for | |
| 965 mappings, see |map-listing|. | |
| 966 | |
| 502 | 967 *:abbreviate-verbose* |
| 968 When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing an abbreviation will also display where it | |
| 969 was last defined. Example: > | |
| 970 | |
| 971 :verbose abbreviate | |
| 856 | 972 ! teh the |
| 502 | 973 Last set from /home/abcd/vim/abbr.vim |
| 974 | |
| 975 See |:verbose-cmd| for more information. | |
| 976 | |
| 7 | 977 :ab[breviate] {lhs} list the abbreviations that start with {lhs} |
| 978 You may need to insert a CTRL-V (type it twice) to | |
| 979 avoid that a typed {lhs} is expanded, since | |
| 980 command-line abbreviations apply here. | |
| 981 | |
| 2908 | 982 :ab[breviate] [<expr>] [<buffer>] {lhs} {rhs} |
| 7 | 983 add abbreviation for {lhs} to {rhs}. If {lhs} already |
| 984 existed it is replaced with the new {rhs}. {rhs} may | |
| 985 contain spaces. | |
| 838 | 986 See |:map-<expr>| for the optional <expr> argument. |
| 2908 | 987 See |:map-<buffer>| for the optional <buffer> argument. |
| 7 | 988 |
| 989 *:una* *:unabbreviate* | |
| 990 :una[bbreviate] {lhs} Remove abbreviation for {lhs} from the list. If none | |
| 991 is found, remove abbreviations in which {lhs} matches | |
| 992 with the {rhs}. This is done so that you can even | |
| 993 remove abbreviations after expansion. To avoid | |
| 994 expansion insert a CTRL-V (type it twice). | |
| 995 | |
| 996 *:norea* *:noreabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 997 :norea[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
| 7 | 998 same as ":ab", but no remapping for this {rhs} {not |
| 999 in Vi} | |
| 1000 | |
| 1001 *:ca* *:cabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 1002 :ca[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
| 838 | 1003 same as ":ab", but for Command-line mode only. {not |
| 7 | 1004 in Vi} |
| 1005 | |
| 1006 *:cuna* *:cunabbrev* | |
| 1007 :cuna[bbrev] {lhs} same as ":una", but for Command-line mode only. {not | |
| 1008 in Vi} | |
| 1009 | |
| 1010 *:cnorea* *:cnoreabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 1011 :cnorea[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
| 7 | 1012 same as ":ab", but for Command-line mode only and no |
| 1013 remapping for this {rhs} {not in Vi} | |
| 1014 | |
| 1015 *:ia* *:iabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 1016 :ia[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
| 838 | 1017 same as ":ab", but for Insert mode only. {not in Vi} |
| 7 | 1018 |
| 1019 *:iuna* *:iunabbrev* | |
| 1020 :iuna[bbrev] {lhs} same as ":una", but for insert mode only. {not in | |
| 1021 Vi} | |
| 1022 | |
| 1023 *:inorea* *:inoreabbrev* | |
| 2908 | 1024 :inorea[bbrev] [<expr>] [<buffer>] [lhs] [rhs] |
| 7 | 1025 same as ":ab", but for Insert mode only and no |
| 1026 remapping for this {rhs} {not in Vi} | |
| 1027 | |
| 1028 *:abc* *:abclear* | |
| 2908 | 1029 :abc[lear] [<buffer>] Remove all abbreviations. {not in Vi} |
| 7 | 1030 |
| 1031 *:iabc* *:iabclear* | |
| 2908 | 1032 :iabc[lear] [<buffer>] Remove all abbreviations for Insert mode. {not in Vi} |
| 7 | 1033 |
| 1034 *:cabc* *:cabclear* | |
| 2908 | 1035 :cabc[lear] [<buffer>] Remove all abbreviations for Command-line mode. {not |
| 7 | 1036 in Vi} |
| 1037 | |
| 1038 *using_CTRL-V* | |
| 1039 It is possible to use special characters in the rhs of an abbreviation. | |
| 1040 CTRL-V has to be used to avoid the special meaning of most non printable | |
| 1041 characters. How many CTRL-Vs need to be typed depends on how you enter the | |
| 1042 abbreviation. This also applies to mappings. Let's use an example here. | |
| 1043 | |
| 1044 Suppose you want to abbreviate "esc" to enter an <Esc> character. When you | |
| 1045 type the ":ab" command in Vim, you have to enter this: (here ^V is a CTRL-V | |
| 1046 and ^[ is <Esc>) | |
| 1047 | |
| 1048 You type: ab esc ^V^V^V^V^V^[ | |
| 1049 | |
| 1050 All keyboard input is subjected to ^V quote interpretation, so | |
| 1051 the first, third, and fifth ^V characters simply allow the second, | |
| 1052 and fourth ^Vs, and the ^[, to be entered into the command-line. | |
| 1053 | |
| 1054 You see: ab esc ^V^V^[ | |
| 1055 | |
| 1056 The command-line contains two actual ^Vs before the ^[. This is | |
| 1057 how it should appear in your .exrc file, if you choose to go that | |
| 1058 route. The first ^V is there to quote the second ^V; the :ab | |
| 1059 command uses ^V as its own quote character, so you can include quoted | |
| 42 | 1060 whitespace or the | character in the abbreviation. The :ab command |
| 7 | 1061 doesn't do anything special with the ^[ character, so it doesn't need |
| 1062 to be quoted. (Although quoting isn't harmful; that's why typing 7 | |
| 1063 [but not 8!] ^Vs works.) | |
| 1064 | |
| 1065 Stored as: esc ^V^[ | |
| 1066 | |
| 1067 After parsing, the abbreviation's short form ("esc") and long form | |
| 1068 (the two characters "^V^[") are stored in the abbreviation table. | |
| 1069 If you give the :ab command with no arguments, this is how the | |
| 1070 abbreviation will be displayed. | |
| 1071 | |
| 1072 Later, when the abbreviation is expanded because the user typed in | |
| 1073 the word "esc", the long form is subjected to the same type of | |
| 1074 ^V interpretation as keyboard input. So the ^V protects the ^[ | |
| 42 | 1075 character from being interpreted as the "exit Insert mode" character. |
| 7 | 1076 Instead, the ^[ is inserted into the text. |
| 1077 | |
| 1078 Expands to: ^[ | |
| 1079 | |
| 1080 [example given by Steve Kirkendall] | |
| 1081 | |
| 1082 ============================================================================== | |
| 1083 3. Local mappings and functions *script-local* | |
| 1084 | |
| 1085 When using several Vim script files, there is the danger that mappings and | |
| 1086 functions used in one script use the same name as in other scripts. To avoid | |
| 1087 this, they can be made local to the script. | |
| 1088 | |
| 1089 *<SID>* *<SNR>* *E81* | |
| 1090 The string "<SID>" can be used in a mapping or menu. This requires that the | |
| 1091 '<' flag is not present in 'cpoptions'. | |
| 1092 When executing the map command, Vim will replace "<SID>" with the special | |
| 1093 key code <SNR>, followed by a number that's unique for the script, and an | |
| 1094 underscore. Example: > | |
| 1095 :map <SID>Add | |
| 1096 could define a mapping "<SNR>23_Add". | |
| 1097 | |
| 1098 When defining a function in a script, "s:" can be prepended to the name to | |
| 1099 make it local to the script. But when a mapping is executed from outside of | |
| 1100 the script, it doesn't know in which script the function was defined. To | |
| 1101 avoid this problem, use "<SID>" instead of "s:". The same translation is done | |
| 1102 as for mappings. This makes it possible to define a call to the function in | |
| 42 | 1103 a mapping. |
| 7 | 1104 |
| 1105 When a local function is executed, it runs in the context of the script it was | |
| 1106 defined in. This means that new functions and mappings it defines can also | |
| 1107 use "s:" or "<SID>" and it will use the same unique number as when the | |
| 1108 function itself was defined. Also, the "s:var" local script variables can be | |
| 1109 used. | |
| 1110 | |
| 1111 When executing an autocommand or a user command, it will run in the context of | |
| 1112 the script it was defined in. This makes it possible that the command calls a | |
| 1113 local function or uses a local mapping. | |
| 1114 | |
| 1115 Otherwise, using "<SID>" outside of a script context is an error. | |
| 1116 | |
| 1117 If you need to get the script number to use in a complicated script, you can | |
| 625 | 1118 use this function: > |
| 1119 function s:SID() | |
| 1120 return matchstr(expand('<sfile>'), '<SNR>\zs\d\+\ze_SID$') | |
| 1121 endfun | |
| 7 | 1122 |
| 1123 The "<SNR>" will be shown when listing functions and mappings. This is useful | |
| 1124 to find out what they are defined to. | |
| 1125 | |
| 1126 The |:scriptnames| command can be used to see which scripts have been sourced | |
| 1127 and what their <SNR> number is. | |
| 1128 | |
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1129 This is all {not in Vi} and {not available when compiled without the |+eval| |
| 7 | 1130 feature}. |
| 1131 | |
| 1132 ============================================================================== | |
| 1133 4. User-defined commands *user-commands* | |
| 1134 | |
| 236 | 1135 It is possible to define your own Ex commands. A user-defined command can act |
| 7 | 1136 just like a built-in command (it can have a range or arguments, arguments can |
| 1137 be completed as filenames or buffer names, etc), except that when the command | |
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1138 is executed, it is transformed into a normal Ex command and then executed. |
| 7 | 1139 |
| 1140 For starters: See section |40.2| in the user manual. | |
| 1141 | |
| 2642 | 1142 *E183* *E841* *user-cmd-ambiguous* |
| 7 | 1143 All user defined commands must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid |
| 2642 | 1144 confusion with builtin commands. Exceptions are these builtin commands: |
| 1145 :Next | |
| 1146 :X | |
| 1147 They cannot be used for a user defined command. ":Print" is also an existing | |
| 1148 command, but it is deprecated and can be overruled. | |
| 1149 | |
| 1150 The other characters of the user command can be uppercase letters, lowercase | |
| 1151 letters or digits. When using digits, note that other commands that take a | |
| 1152 numeric argument may become ambiguous. For example, the command ":Cc2" could | |
| 1153 be the user command ":Cc2" without an argument, or the command ":Cc" with | |
| 1154 argument "2". It is advised to put a space between the command name and the | |
| 1155 argument to avoid these problems. | |
| 7 | 1156 |
| 236 | 1157 When using a user-defined command, the command can be abbreviated. However, if |
| 1158 an abbreviation is not unique, an error will be issued. Furthermore, a | |
| 7 | 1159 built-in command will always take precedence. |
| 1160 | |
| 1161 Example: > | |
| 1162 :command Rename ... | |
| 1163 :command Renumber ... | |
| 1164 :Rena " Means "Rename" | |
| 1165 :Renu " Means "Renumber" | |
| 1166 :Ren " Error - ambiguous | |
| 1167 :command Paste ... | |
| 1168 :P " The built-in :Print | |
| 1169 | |
| 1170 It is recommended that full names for user-defined commands are used in | |
| 1171 scripts. | |
| 1172 | |
| 1173 :com[mand] *:com* *:command* | |
| 236 | 1174 List all user-defined commands. When listing commands, |
| 7 | 1175 the characters in the first two columns are |
| 1176 ! Command has the -bang attribute | |
| 1177 " Command has the -register attribute | |
| 1178 b Command is local to current buffer | |
| 1179 (see below for details on attributes) | |
| 1180 | |
| 1181 :com[mand] {cmd} List the user-defined commands that start with {cmd} | |
| 1182 | |
| 482 | 1183 *:command-verbose* |
| 1184 When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing a command will also display where it was | |
| 1185 last defined. Example: > | |
| 1186 | |
| 1187 :verbose command TOhtml | |
| 856 | 1188 < Name Args Range Complete Definition ~ |
| 1189 TOhtml 0 % :call Convert2HTML(<line1>, <line2>) ~ | |
| 1190 Last set from /usr/share/vim/vim-7.0/plugin/tohtml.vim ~ | |
| 1191 | |
| 483 | 1192 See |:verbose-cmd| for more information. |
| 482 | 1193 |
| 7 | 1194 *E174* *E182* |
| 1195 :com[mand][!] [{attr}...] {cmd} {rep} | |
| 1196 Define a user command. The name of the command is | |
| 236 | 1197 {cmd} and its replacement text is {rep}. The command's |
| 1198 attributes (see below) are {attr}. If the command | |
| 7 | 1199 already exists, an error is reported, unless a ! is |
| 1200 specified, in which case the command is redefined. | |
| 1201 | |
| 1202 :delc[ommand] {cmd} *:delc* *:delcommand* *E184* | |
| 1203 Delete the user-defined command {cmd}. | |
| 1204 | |
| 1205 :comc[lear] *:comc* *:comclear* | |
| 1206 Delete all user-defined commands. | |
| 1207 | |
| 1208 Command attributes | |
| 1209 | |
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1210 User-defined commands are treated by Vim just like any other Ex commands. They |
| 236 | 1211 can have arguments, or have a range specified. Arguments are subject to |
| 1212 completion as filenames, buffers, etc. Exactly how this works depends upon the | |
| 7 | 1213 command's attributes, which are specified when the command is defined. |
| 1214 | |
| 1215 There are a number of attributes, split into four categories: argument | |
| 236 | 1216 handling, completion behavior, range handling, and special cases. The |
| 7 | 1217 attributes are described below, by category. |
| 1218 | |
| 1132 | 1219 Argument handling *E175* *E176* *:command-nargs* |
| 7 | 1220 |
| 1221 By default, a user defined command will take no arguments (and an error is | |
| 236 | 1222 reported if any are supplied). However, it is possible to specify that the |
| 1223 command can take arguments, using the -nargs attribute. Valid cases are: | |
| 7 | 1224 |
| 1225 -nargs=0 No arguments are allowed (the default) | |
| 3465 | 1226 -nargs=1 Exactly one argument is required, it includes spaces |
| 2826 | 1227 -nargs=* Any number of arguments are allowed (0, 1, or many), |
| 1228 separated by white space | |
| 7 | 1229 -nargs=? 0 or 1 arguments are allowed |
| 1230 -nargs=+ Arguments must be supplied, but any number are allowed | |
| 1231 | |
| 1236 | 1232 Arguments are considered to be separated by (unescaped) spaces or tabs in this |
| 2826 | 1233 context, except when there is one argument, then the white space is part of |
| 1234 the argument. | |
| 7 | 1235 |
| 1236 Note that arguments are used as text, not as expressions. Specifically, | |
| 1237 "s:var" will use the script-local variable in the script where the command was | |
| 1238 defined, not where it is invoked! Example: | |
| 1239 script1.vim: > | |
| 1240 :let s:error = "None" | |
| 1241 :command -nargs=1 Error echoerr <args> | |
| 1242 < script2.vim: > | |
| 1243 :source script1.vim | |
| 1244 :let s:error = "Wrong!" | |
| 1245 :Error s:error | |
| 1619 | 1246 Executing script2.vim will result in "None" being echoed. Not what you |
| 7 | 1247 intended! Calling a function may be an alternative. |
| 1248 | |
| 1132 | 1249 Completion behavior *:command-completion* *E179* |
| 1250 *E180* *E181* *:command-complete* | |
| 7 | 1251 By default, the arguments of user defined commands do not undergo completion. |
| 1252 However, by specifying one or the other of the following attributes, argument | |
| 1253 completion can be enabled: | |
| 1254 | |
| 1255 -complete=augroup autocmd groups | |
| 1256 -complete=buffer buffer names | |
| 3503 | 1257 -complete=behave :behave suboptions |
| 2970 | 1258 -complete=color color schemes |
| 7 | 1259 -complete=command Ex command (and arguments) |
| 2970 | 1260 -complete=compiler compilers |
| 2596 | 1261 -complete=cscope |:cscope| suboptions |
| 7 | 1262 -complete=dir directory names |
| 1263 -complete=environment environment variable names | |
| 1264 -complete=event autocommand events | |
| 1265 -complete=expression Vim expression | |
| 1266 -complete=file file and directory names | |
| 2970 | 1267 -complete=file_in_path file and directory names in |'path'| |
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1268 -complete=filetype filetype names |'filetype'| |
| 7 | 1269 -complete=function function name |
| 1270 -complete=help help subjects | |
| 1271 -complete=highlight highlight groups | |
| 3503 | 1272 -complete=history :history suboptions |
| 2970 | 1273 -complete=locale locale names (as output of locale -a) |
| 7 | 1274 -complete=mapping mapping name |
| 1275 -complete=menu menus | |
| 1276 -complete=option options | |
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1277 -complete=shellcmd Shell command |
| 2596 | 1278 -complete=sign |:sign| suboptions |
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1279 -complete=syntax syntax file names |'syntax'| |
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1280 -complete=syntime |:syntime| suboptions |
| 7 | 1281 -complete=tag tags |
| 1282 -complete=tag_listfiles tags, file names are shown when CTRL-D is hit | |
| 3744 | 1283 -complete=user user names |
| 7 | 1284 -complete=var user variables |
| 1285 -complete=custom,{func} custom completion, defined via {func} | |
| 406 | 1286 -complete=customlist,{func} custom completion, defined via {func} |
| 7 | 1287 |
| 6259 | 1288 Note: That some completion methods might expand environment variables. |
| 1289 | |
| 557 | 1290 |
| 1291 Custom completion *:command-completion-custom* | |
| 1292 *:command-completion-customlist* | |
| 1293 *E467* *E468* | |
| 7 | 1294 It is possible to define customized completion schemes via the "custom,{func}" |
| 406 | 1295 or the "customlist,{func}" completion argument. The {func} part should be a |
| 1619 | 1296 function with the following signature: > |
| 7 | 1297 |
| 1298 :function {func}(ArgLead, CmdLine, CursorPos) | |
| 1299 | |
| 406 | 1300 The function need not use all these arguments. The function should provide the |
| 1301 completion candidates as the return value. | |
| 1302 | |
| 1303 For the "custom" argument, the function should return the completion | |
| 1304 candidates one per line in a newline separated string. | |
| 1305 | |
| 1306 For the "customlist" argument, the function should return the completion | |
| 557 | 1307 candidates as a Vim List. Non-string items in the list are ignored. |
| 406 | 1308 |
| 1309 The function arguments are: | |
| 7 | 1310 ArgLead the leading portion of the argument currently being |
| 1311 completed on | |
| 1312 CmdLine the entire command line | |
| 557 | 1313 CursorPos the cursor position in it (byte index) |
| 406 | 1314 The function may use these for determining context. For the "custom" |
| 1315 argument, it is not necessary to filter candidates against the (implicit | |
|
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1316 pattern in) ArgLead. Vim will filter the candidates with its regexp engine |
| 406 | 1317 after function return, and this is probably more efficient in most cases. For |
| 1318 the "customlist" argument, Vim will not filter the returned completion | |
| 1319 candidates and the user supplied function should filter the candidates. | |
| 7 | 1320 |
| 1321 The following example lists user names to a Finger command > | |
| 1322 :com -complete=custom,ListUsers -nargs=1 Finger !finger <args> | |
| 1323 :fun ListUsers(A,L,P) | |
| 1324 : return system("cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd") | |
| 1325 :endfun | |
| 1326 | |
| 406 | 1327 The following example completes filenames from the directories specified in |
| 1328 the 'path' option: > | |
| 1329 :com -nargs=1 -bang -complete=customlist,EditFileComplete | |
| 1330 \ EditFile edit<bang> <args> | |
| 1331 :fun EditFileComplete(A,L,P) | |
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1332 : return split(globpath(&path, a:A), "\n") |
| 406 | 1333 :endfun |
| 1334 < | |
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1335 This example does not work for file names with spaces! |
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1336 |
| 557 | 1337 |
| 1132 | 1338 Range handling *E177* *E178* *:command-range* |
| 1339 *:command-count* | |
| 236 | 1340 By default, user-defined commands do not accept a line number range. However, |
| 7 | 1341 it is possible to specify that the command does take a range (the -range |
| 1342 attribute), or that it takes an arbitrary count value, either in the line | |
| 1343 number position (-range=N, like the |:split| command) or as a "count" | |
| 1132 | 1344 argument (-count=N, like the |:Next| command). The count will then be |
| 1345 available in the argument with |<count>|. | |
| 1346 | |
| 1347 Possible attributes are: | |
| 7 | 1348 |
| 1349 -range Range allowed, default is current line | |
| 1350 -range=% Range allowed, default is whole file (1,$) | |
| 1351 -range=N A count (default N) which is specified in the line | |
| 2788 | 1352 number position (like |:split|); allows for zero line |
| 1353 number. | |
| 7 | 1354 -count=N A count (default N) which is specified either in the line |
| 171 | 1355 number position, or as an initial argument (like |:Next|). |
| 7 | 1356 Specifying -count (without a default) acts like -count=0 |
| 1357 | |
| 1358 Note that -range=N and -count=N are mutually exclusive - only one should be | |
| 1359 specified. | |
| 1360 | |
| 6424 | 1361 *E889* *:command-addr* |
| 1362 It is possible that the special characters in the range like ., $ or % which | |
| 1363 by default correspond to the current line, last line and the whole buffer, | |
| 1364 relate to arguments, (loaded) buffers, windows or tab pages. | |
| 1365 | |
| 1366 Possible values are: | |
| 1367 -addr=lines Range of lines (this is the default) | |
| 1368 -addr=arguments Range for arguments | |
| 1369 -addr=buffers Range for buffers (also not loaded buffers) | |
| 1370 -addr=loaded_buffers Range for loaded buffers | |
| 1371 -addr=windows Range for windows | |
| 1372 -addr=tabs Range for tab pages | |
| 1373 | |
| 1132 | 1374 Special cases *:command-bang* *:command-bar* |
| 1375 *:command-register* *:command-buffer* | |
| 7 | 1376 There are some special cases as well: |
| 1377 | |
| 1378 -bang The command can take a ! modifier (like :q or :w) | |
| 1379 -bar The command can be followed by a "|" and another command. | |
| 1380 A "|" inside the command argument is not allowed then. | |
| 1381 Also checks for a " to start a comment. | |
| 1382 -register The first argument to the command can be an optional | |
| 1383 register name (like :del, :put, :yank). | |
| 1384 -buffer The command will only be available in the current buffer. | |
| 1385 | |
| 1386 In the cases of the -count and -register attributes, if the optional argument | |
| 1387 is supplied, it is removed from the argument list and is available to the | |
| 1388 replacement text separately. | |
| 5340 | 1389 Note that these arguments can be abbreviated, but that is a deprecated |
| 1390 feature. Use the full name for new scripts. | |
| 7 | 1391 |
| 1392 Replacement text | |
| 1393 | |
| 1394 The replacement text for a user defined command is scanned for special escape | |
| 236 | 1395 sequences, using <...> notation. Escape sequences are replaced with values |
| 1396 from the entered command line, and all other text is copied unchanged. The | |
| 788 | 1397 resulting string is executed as an Ex command. To avoid the replacement use |
| 1702 | 1398 <lt> in place of the initial <. Thus to include "<bang>" literally use |
| 788 | 1399 "<lt>bang>". |
| 7 | 1400 |
| 1401 The valid escape sequences are | |
| 1402 | |
| 1403 *<line1>* | |
| 1404 <line1> The starting line of the command range. | |
| 1405 *<line2>* | |
| 1406 <line2> The final line of the command range. | |
| 1407 *<count>* | |
| 1408 <count> Any count supplied (as described for the '-range' | |
| 1409 and '-count' attributes). | |
| 1410 *<bang>* | |
| 1411 <bang> (See the '-bang' attribute) Expands to a ! if the | |
| 1412 command was executed with a ! modifier, otherwise | |
| 1413 expands to nothing. | |
| 1414 *<reg>* *<register>* | |
| 1415 <reg> (See the '-register' attribute) The optional register, | |
| 236 | 1416 if specified. Otherwise, expands to nothing. <register> |
| 7 | 1417 is a synonym for this. |
| 1418 *<args>* | |
| 1419 <args> The command arguments, exactly as supplied (but as | |
| 1420 noted above, any count or register can consume some | |
| 1421 of the arguments, which are then not part of <args>). | |
| 1422 <lt> A single '<' (Less-Than) character. This is needed if you | |
| 1423 want to get a literal copy of one of these escape sequences | |
| 1424 into the expansion - for example, to get <bang>, use | |
| 1425 <lt>bang>. | |
| 1426 | |
| 1427 *<q-args>* | |
| 1428 If the first two characters of an escape sequence are "q-" (for example, | |
| 1429 <q-args>) then the value is quoted in such a way as to make it a valid value | |
| 1430 for use in an expression. This uses the argument as one single value. | |
| 300 | 1431 When there is no argument <q-args> is an empty string. |
| 1088 | 1432 *<f-args>* |
| 7 | 1433 To allow commands to pass their arguments on to a user-defined function, there |
| 236 | 1434 is a special form <f-args> ("function args"). This splits the command |
| 1236 | 1435 arguments at spaces and tabs, quotes each argument individually, and the |
| 7 | 1436 <f-args> sequence is replaced by the comma-separated list of quoted arguments. |
| 856 | 1437 See the Mycmd example below. If no arguments are given <f-args> is removed. |
| 1088 | 1438 To embed whitespace into an argument of <f-args>, prepend a backslash. |
| 1439 <f-args> replaces every pair of backslashes (\\) with one backslash. A | |
| 1440 backslash followed by a character other than white space or a backslash | |
| 1441 remains unmodified. Overview: | |
| 1442 | |
| 1443 command <f-args> ~ | |
| 1444 XX ab 'ab' | |
| 1445 XX a\b 'a\b' | |
| 1446 XX a\ b 'a b' | |
| 1447 XX a\ b 'a ', 'b' | |
| 1448 XX a\\b 'a\b' | |
| 1449 XX a\\ b 'a\', 'b' | |
| 1450 XX a\\\b 'a\\b' | |
| 1451 XX a\\\ b 'a\ b' | |
| 1452 XX a\\\\b 'a\\b' | |
| 1453 XX a\\\\ b 'a\\', 'b' | |
| 7 | 1454 |
| 1455 Examples > | |
| 1456 | |
| 1457 " Delete everything after here to the end | |
| 1458 :com Ddel +,$d | |
| 1459 | |
| 1460 " Rename the current buffer | |
| 1461 :com -nargs=1 -bang -complete=file Ren f <args>|w<bang> | |
| 1462 | |
| 1463 " Replace a range with the contents of a file | |
| 1464 " (Enter this all as one line) | |
| 1465 :com -range -nargs=1 -complete=file | |
| 1466 Replace <line1>-pu_|<line1>,<line2>d|r <args>|<line1>d | |
| 1467 | |
| 1468 " Count the number of lines in the range | |
| 42 | 1469 :com! -range -nargs=0 Lines echo <line2> - <line1> + 1 "lines" |
| 7 | 1470 |
| 1471 " Call a user function (example of <f-args>) | |
| 1472 :com -nargs=* Mycmd call Myfunc(<f-args>) | |
| 1473 | |
| 1474 When executed as: > | |
| 1475 :Mycmd arg1 arg2 | |
| 1476 This will invoke: > | |
| 1477 :call Myfunc("arg1","arg2") | |
| 1478 | |
| 1479 :" A more substantial example | |
| 1480 :function Allargs(command) | |
| 1619 | 1481 : let i = 0 |
| 1482 : while i < argc() | |
| 1483 : if filereadable(argv(i)) | |
| 1484 : execute "e " . argv(i) | |
| 7 | 1485 : execute a:command |
| 1486 : endif | |
| 1487 : let i = i + 1 | |
| 1488 : endwhile | |
| 1489 :endfunction | |
| 1490 :command -nargs=+ -complete=command Allargs call Allargs(<q-args>) | |
| 1491 | |
| 1492 The command Allargs takes any Vim command(s) as argument and executes it on all | |
| 1493 files in the argument list. Usage example (note use of the "e" flag to ignore | |
| 1494 errors and the "update" command to write modified buffers): > | |
| 1495 :Allargs %s/foo/bar/ge|update | |
| 1496 This will invoke: > | |
| 1497 :call Allargs("%s/foo/bar/ge|update") | |
| 1498 < | |
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1499 When defining a user command in a script, it will be able to call functions |
| 7 | 1500 local to the script and use mappings local to the script. When the user |
| 1501 invokes the user command, it will run in the context of the script it was | |
| 1502 defined in. This matters if |<SID>| is used in a command. | |
| 1503 | |
| 1504 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |