Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/motion.txt @ 26532:255bc9a08e58 v8.2.3795
patch 8.2.3795: too many #ifdefs
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/739f13a55b4982efb37ebc9282e7f79975fff982
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Mon Dec 13 13:12:53 2021 +0000
patch 8.2.3795: too many #ifdefs
Problem: Too many #ifdefs.
Solution: Graduate the jumplist feature.
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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date | Mon, 13 Dec 2021 14:15:03 +0100 |
parents | c725b8e17f1f |
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26438 | 1 *motion.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2021 Dec 04 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation* | |
8 | |
9 These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the | |
10 screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and | |
11 'scrolloff' options). | |
12 | |
13 1. Motions and operators |operator| | |
14 2. Left-right motions |left-right-motions| | |
15 3. Up-down motions |up-down-motions| | |
16 4. Word motions |word-motions| | |
17 5. Text object motions |object-motions| | |
18 6. Text object selection |object-select| | |
19 7. Marks |mark-motions| | |
20 8. Jumps |jump-motions| | |
21 9. Various motions |various-motions| | |
22 | |
23 General remarks: | |
24 | |
25 If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command | |
26 |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option, | |
27 the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down | |
28 Vim a little). | |
29 | |
30 Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under | |
31 their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not | |
32 know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking | |
33 at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards. | |
34 | |
35 The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to | |
36 positions where there is no character or halfway a character. | |
37 | |
38 ============================================================================== | |
39 1. Motions and operators *operator* | |
40 | |
41 The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command | |
42 operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor | |
43 position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete | |
44 or change text. The following operators are available: | |
45 | |
46 |c| c change | |
47 |d| d delete | |
48 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text) | |
49 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) | |
50 |g~| g~ swap case | |
51 |gu| gu make lowercase | |
52 |gU| gU make uppercase | |
53 |!| ! filter through an external program | |
54 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty | |
55 |gq| gq text formatting | |
16808 | 56 |gw| gw text formatting with no cursor movement |
7 | 57 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding |
58 |>| > shift right | |
59 |<| < shift left | |
60 |zf| zf define a fold | |
3713 | 61 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option |
24911 | 62 *motion-count-multiplied* |
7 | 63 If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it, |
64 the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words. | |
24911 | 65 *operator-doubled* |
66 When doubling the operator it operates on a line. When using a count, before | |
67 or after the first character, that many lines are operated upon. Thus `3dd` | |
68 deletes three lines. A count before and after the first character is | |
69 multiplied, thus `2y3y` yanks six lines. | |
7 | 70 |
71 After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text | |
72 that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe" | |
73 moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started. | |
74 | |
75 *linewise* *characterwise* | |
76 The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start | |
77 and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines | |
78 (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are | |
79 characterwise). However, there are some exceptions. | |
80 | |
81 *exclusive* *inclusive* | |
456 | 82 A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the |
83 start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When | |
84 exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included. | |
85 Linewise motions always include the start and end position. | |
7 | 86 |
456 | 87 Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the |
88 command. There are however, two general exceptions: | |
7 | 89 1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the |
90 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion | |
91 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph, | |
92 but "d}" will not include that line. | |
20 | 93 *exclusive-linewise* |
7 | 94 2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the |
95 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the | |
96 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks | |
97 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of | |
98 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the | |
99 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position. | |
100 | |
101 Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the | |
102 motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|. | |
103 | |
104 Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual | |
105 mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the | |
106 text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the | |
107 start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will | |
108 be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key | |
109 strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode | |
110 |Visual-mode|. | |
111 | |
112 You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()". | |
4229 | 113 But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line. |
7 | 114 This can be repeated: > |
115 d:call search("f")<CR> | |
116 This cannot be repeated: > | |
117 d:if 1<CR> | |
118 call search("f")<CR> | |
119 endif<CR> | |
4229 | 120 Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive. |
7 | 121 |
15281 | 122 *forced-motion* |
7 | 123 FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE |
124 | |
125 When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another | |
126 type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator. | |
127 Example: > | |
128 dj | |
129 deletes two lines > | |
130 dvj | |
131 deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor > | |
132 d<C-V>j | |
133 deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. > | |
134 | |
135 Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or | |
136 blockwise, the column may not always be defined. | |
137 | |
138 *o_v* | |
139 v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
140 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is | |
141 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become | |
142 |exclusive|. | |
143 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle | |
144 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive | |
145 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive. | |
146 | |
147 *o_V* | |
148 V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
149 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is | |
150 characterwise. | |
151 | |
152 *o_CTRL-V* | |
153 CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force | |
154 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block | |
155 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor | |
156 position before and after the motion. | |
157 | |
158 ============================================================================== | |
159 2. Left-right motions *left-right-motions* | |
160 | |
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161 These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line. |
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162 They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which |
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163 may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the |
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164 commands move across line boundaries. |
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165 |
7 | 166 h or *h* |
167 <Left> or *<Left>* | |
168 CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>* | |
169 <BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion. | |
170 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use | |
171 the mapping: | |
172 :map CTRL-V<BS> X | |
173 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed | |
174 by the <BS> key) | |
175 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you | |
176 want. | |
177 | |
178 l or *l* | |
179 <Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>* | |
180 <Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion. | |
6823 | 181 See the 'whichwrap' option for adjusting the behavior |
182 at end of line | |
7 | 183 |
184 *0* | |
185 0 To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 186 motion. |
7 | 187 |
188 *<Home>* *<kHome>* | |
189 <Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive| | |
1121 | 190 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same |
191 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay | |
192 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|", | |
193 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a | |
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194 <Tab>. |
7 | 195 |
196 *^* | |
197 ^ To the first non-blank character of the line. | |
22723 | 198 |exclusive| motion. Any count is ignored. |
7 | 199 |
200 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>* | |
201 $ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go | |
22723 | 202 [count - 1] lines downward, or as far is possible. |
25056 | 203 |inclusive| motion. If a count of 2 or larger is |
22723 | 204 given and the cursor is on the last line, that is an |
25056 | 205 error and the cursor doesn't move. |
7 | 206 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last |
207 character in the line. | |
208 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor | |
209 back from past the end of the line to the last | |
210 character in the line. | |
211 | |
212 *g_* | |
213 g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and | |
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214 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. |
7 | 215 |
216 *g0* *g<Home>* | |
217 g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of | |
218 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from | |
219 "0" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
220 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
221 character of the current line that is on the screen. | |
222 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line | |
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223 is not on the screen. |
7 | 224 |
225 *g^* | |
226 g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank | |
227 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion. | |
228 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen. | |
229 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost | |
230 non-blank character of the current line that is on the | |
231 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank | |
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232 character of the line is not on the screen. |
7 | 233 |
234 *gm* | |
235 gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as | |
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236 much as possible). |
7 | 237 |
18489 | 238 *gM* |
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239 gM Like "g0", but to halfway the text of the line. |
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240 With a count: to this percentage of text in the line. |
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241 Thus "10gM" is near the start of the text and "90gM" |
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242 is near the end of the text. |
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243 |
7 | 244 *g$* *g<End>* |
245 g$ or g<End> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of | |
246 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward | |
247 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider | |
248 than the screen. | |
249 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost | |
250 character of the current line that is visible on the | |
251 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of | |
252 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used. | |
253 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column, | |
254 instead of going to the end of the line. | |
5220 | 255 When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the |
256 screen line. | |
7 | 257 |
258 *bar* | |
259 | To screen column [count] in the current line. | |
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260 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe. |
7 | 261 |
262 *f* | |
263 f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The | |
264 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|. | |
265 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|. | |
266 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing | |
267 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|. | |
268 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command | |
269 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off | |
270 |i_CTRL-^|. | |
271 | |
272 *F* | |
273 F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left. | |
456 | 274 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 275 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
276 | |
277 *t* | |
278 t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
279 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of | |
280 {char} |inclusive|. | |
281 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. | |
282 | |
283 *T* | |
284 T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the | |
285 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of | |
456 | 286 {char} |exclusive|. |
7 | 287 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command. |
288 | |
289 *;* | |
2925 | 290 ; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;| |
7 | 291 |
292 *,* | |
293 , Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction | |
2925 | 294 [count] times. See also |cpo-;| |
7 | 295 |
296 ============================================================================== | |
297 3. Up-down motions *up-down-motions* | |
298 | |
299 k or *k* | |
300 <Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P* | |
301 CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|. | |
302 | |
303 j or *j* | |
304 <Down> or *<Down>* | |
305 CTRL-J or *CTRL-J* | |
306 <NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N* | |
307 CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|. | |
308 | |
309 gk or *gk* *g<Up>* | |
310 g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion. | |
311 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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312 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
7 | 313 |
314 gj or *gj* *g<Down>* | |
315 g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion. | |
316 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with | |
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317 an operator, because it's not linewise. |
7 | 318 |
319 *-* | |
320 - <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank | |
321 character |linewise|. | |
322 | |
323 + or *+* | |
324 CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>* | |
325 <CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
326 character |linewise|. | |
327 | |
328 *_* | |
329 _ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank | |
330 character |linewise|. | |
331 | |
332 *G* | |
333 G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first | |
334 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
335 set, keep the same column. | |
16023 | 336 G is one of the |jump-motions|. |
7 | 337 |
338 *<C-End>* | |
339 <C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last | |
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340 character |inclusive|. |
7 | 341 |
342 <C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>* | |
343 gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first | |
344 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not | |
345 set, keep the same column. | |
346 | |
3750 | 347 *:[range]* |
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348 :[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range]. |
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349 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1" |
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350 or ":'m". |
2152 | 351 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the |
352 |jumplist|. | |
7 | 353 *N%* |
354 {count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first | |
355 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new | |
356 line number this formula is used: | |
357 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100 | |
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358 See also 'startofline' option. |
7 | 359 |
360 :[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go* | |
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361 [count]go Go to [count] byte in the buffer. Default [count] is |
7 | 362 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the |
363 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line | |
364 characters are counted depending on the current | |
365 'fileformat' setting. | |
2908 | 366 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o' |
367 option in 'statusline'. | |
7 | 368 {not available when compiled without the |
369 |+byte_offset| feature} | |
370 | |
371 These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first | |
372 or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column | |
373 (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column, | |
374 except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last | |
375 character of the line. | |
376 | |
161 | 377 If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count] |
378 lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an | |
379 error. |cpo--|. | |
380 | |
7 | 381 ============================================================================== |
382 4. Word motions *word-motions* | |
383 | |
384 <S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w* | |
385 w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
386 | |
387 <C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W* | |
388 W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
26438 | 389 If <C-Right> does not work, check out |
390 |arrow_modifiers|. | |
7 | 391 |
392 *e* | |
393 e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 394 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 395 |
396 *E* | |
397 E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
1621 | 398 Does not stop in an empty line. |
7 | 399 |
400 <S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b* | |
401 b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
402 | |
403 <C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B* | |
404 B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
26438 | 405 If <C-Left> does not work, check out |
406 |arrow_modifiers|. | |
7 | 407 |
408 *ge* | |
409 ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|. | |
410 | |
411 *gE* | |
412 gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|. | |
413 | |
414 These commands move over words or WORDS. | |
415 *word* | |
416 A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a | |
417 sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces, | |
625 | 418 tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line |
419 is also considered to be a word. | |
7 | 420 *WORD* |
421 A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white | |
625 | 422 space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD. |
7 | 423 |
424 A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character. | |
425 "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after | |
426 a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or | |
427 WORD before the fold. | |
428 | |
429 Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is | |
430 on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a | |
16610 | 431 word does not include the following white space. |
7 | 432 |
433 Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an | |
434 operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of | |
435 that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the | |
436 next line. | |
437 | |
438 The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command | |
439 will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty. | |
440 But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the | |
441 same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility | |
442 between Vi and Vim. | |
443 | |
444 ============================================================================== | |
445 5. Text object motions *object-motions* | |
446 | |
447 *(* | |
448 ( [count] sentences backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
449 | |
450 *)* | |
451 ) [count] sentences forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
452 | |
453 *{* | |
454 { [count] paragraphs backward. |exclusive| motion. | |
455 | |
456 *}* | |
457 } [count] paragraphs forward. |exclusive| motion. | |
458 | |
459 *]]* | |
460 ]] [count] sections forward or to the next '{' in the | |
20 | 461 first column. When used after an operator, then also |
462 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive| | |
463 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 464 |
465 *][* | |
466 ][ [count] sections forward or to the next '}' in the | |
20 | 467 first column. |exclusive| |
468 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 469 |
470 *[[* | |
471 [[ [count] sections backward or to the previous '{' in | |
20 | 472 the first column. |exclusive| |
473 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 474 |
475 *[]* | |
476 [] [count] sections backward or to the previous '}' in | |
20 | 477 the first column. |exclusive| |
478 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies. | |
7 | 479 |
480 These commands move over three kinds of text objects. | |
481 | |
482 *sentence* | |
483 A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the | |
484 end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"' | |
485 and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces, | |
486 tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence | |
487 boundary. | |
488 If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to | |
489 follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space. | |
490 The definition of a sentence cannot be changed. | |
491 | |
492 *paragraph* | |
493 A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of | |
494 paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs' | |
1621 | 495 option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to |
496 the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in | |
497 the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary. | |
164 | 498 Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph |
499 boundary. | |
500 Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When | |
501 the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a | |
502 paragraph boundary |posix|. | |
7 | 503 |
504 *section* | |
505 A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of | |
506 a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the | |
507 'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to | |
508 start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh". | |
509 | |
21991 | 510 The "]]" and "[[" commands stop at the '{' in the first column. This is |
511 useful to find the start of a function in a C program. To search for a '}' in | |
512 the first column, the end of a C function, use "][" (forward) or "[]" | |
513 (backward). Note that the first character of the command determines the | |
514 search direction. | |
7 | 515 |
516 If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[[" | |
517 and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: > | |
518 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{ | |
519 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]} | |
520 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR> | |
521 :map [] k$][%?}<CR> | |
522 [type these literally, see |<>|] | |
523 | |
524 ============================================================================== | |
525 6. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects* | |
526 *v_a* *v_i* | |
527 | |
528 This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or | |
529 after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object | |
530 including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object | |
531 without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands | |
532 always select less text than the "a" commands. | |
533 | |
534 These commands are not available when the |+textobjects| feature has been | |
535 disabled at compile time. | |
3713 | 536 Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern. |
537 | |
7 | 538 *v_aw* *aw* |
539 aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
540 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
541 counted. | |
542 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to | |
543 Visual characterwise mode. | |
544 | |
545 *v_iw* *iw* | |
546 iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|). | |
547 White space between words is counted too. | |
548 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to | |
549 Visual characterwise mode. | |
550 | |
551 *v_aW* *aW* | |
552 aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
553 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not | |
554 counted. | |
555 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to | |
556 Visual characterwise mode. | |
557 | |
558 *v_iW* *iW* | |
559 iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|). | |
560 White space between words is counted too. | |
561 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to | |
562 Visual characterwise mode. | |
563 | |
564 *v_as* *as* | |
565 as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
566 |sentence|). | |
567 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
568 | |
569 *v_is* *is* | |
570 is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see | |
571 |sentence|). | |
572 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
573 | |
574 *v_ap* *ap* | |
575 ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
576 |paragraph|). | |
577 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
578 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
579 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
580 | |
581 *v_ip* *ip* | |
582 ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see | |
583 |paragraph|). | |
584 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space) | |
585 is also a paragraph boundary. | |
586 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise. | |
587 | |
588 a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[* | |
589 a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
590 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
591 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
592 including the '[' and ']'. | |
593 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
594 | |
595 i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[* | |
596 i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This | |
597 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds | |
598 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected, | |
599 excluding the '[' and ']'. | |
600 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
601 | |
602 a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(* | |
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603 a( *vab* *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab* |
7 | 604 ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to |
605 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see | |
606 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the | |
607 parenthesis. | |
608 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
609 | |
610 i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(* | |
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611 i( *vib* *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib* |
7 | 612 ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" |
613 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see | |
614 |[(|). | |
615 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
616 | |
617 a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<* | |
618 a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the | |
619 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
620 '>', including the '<' and '>'. | |
621 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
622 | |
623 i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<* | |
624 i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from | |
625 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching | |
626 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'. | |
627 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
628 | |
422 | 629 *v_at* *at* |
630 at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
631 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
632 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
633 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
634 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
635 | |
636 *v_it* *it* | |
637 it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the | |
638 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching | |
639 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>". | |
640 See |tag-blocks| about the details. | |
641 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
642 | |
7 | 643 a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{* |
644 a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB* | |
645 aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to | |
646 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see | |
647 |[{|). | |
648 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
649 | |
650 i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{* | |
651 i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB* | |
652 iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" | |
653 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see | |
654 |[{|). | |
655 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. | |
656 | |
12 | 657 a" *v_aquote* *aquote* |
658 a' *v_a'* *a'* | |
659 a` *v_a`* *a`* | |
660 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous | |
849 | 661 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option |
662 is used to skip escaped quotes. | |
663 Only works within one line. | |
12 | 664 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out |
665 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the | |
666 start of the line. | |
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667 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is |
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668 none, then leading white space is included. |
12 | 669 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise. |
670 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is | |
671 included. A count is currently not used. | |
672 | |
673 i" *v_iquote* *iquote* | |
674 i' *v_i'* *i'* | |
675 i` *v_i`* *i`* | |
676 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and | |
677 repeating won't extend the Visual selection. | |
527 | 678 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are |
679 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`. | |
12 | 680 |
7 | 681 When used after an operator: |
682 For non-block objects: | |
683 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white | |
684 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object | |
685 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white | |
686 space before the object is included. | |
687 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the | |
688 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the | |
689 operator applies to the white space. | |
690 For a block object: | |
691 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block | |
692 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands | |
693 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces | |
694 are included. | |
695 | |
696 When used in Visual mode: | |
697 When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"): | |
698 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator. | |
699 When start and end of the Visual area are not the same: | |
700 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white | |
701 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The | |
702 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual | |
703 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one | |
704 level outwards. | |
705 | |
706 For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big | |
707 objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi | |
708 movement commands are used. | |
709 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl| | |
710 "diw" delete inner word *diw* | |
711 "daw" delete a word *daw* | |
712 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW* | |
713 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW* | |
3713 | 714 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn* |
7 | 715 "dd" delete one line |dd| |
716 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis* | |
717 "das" delete a sentence *das* | |
718 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib* | |
719 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab* | |
720 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip* | |
721 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap* | |
722 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB* | |
723 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB* | |
724 | |
725 Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The | |
726 movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement | |
727 takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter | |
728 where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw" | |
729 deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes | |
730 the word under the cursor and the space after or before it. | |
731 | |
422 | 732 |
733 Tag blocks *tag-blocks* | |
734 | |
735 For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between | |
736 matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible | |
737 there are a few restrictions. | |
738 | |
739 The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at" | |
740 the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated | |
853 | 741 the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used |
742 on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag. | |
422 | 743 |
744 "<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does | |
745 matter. | |
746 | |
747 In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a | |
748 matching end tag. These are ignored. | |
749 | |
750 The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored. | |
751 | |
7 | 752 ============================================================================== |
753 7. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78* | |
754 | |
755 Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways: | |
756 1. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location | |
757 and the motion is |exclusive|. | |
758 2. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank | |
759 character in the line of the specified location and | |
760 the motion is linewise. | |
761 | |
762 *m* *mark* *Mark* | |
763 m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move | |
764 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
765 | |
766 *m'* *m`* | |
767 m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to | |
768 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the | |
769 cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
770 | |
771 *m[* *m]* | |
772 m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is | |
773 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move | |
774 the cursor, this is not a motion command). | |
775 | |
3682 | 776 *m<* *m>* |
777 m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the | |
778 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this | |
779 is not a motion command). | |
780 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the | |
781 start and end position. | |
782 | |
7 | 783 *:ma* *:mark* *E191* |
9 | 784 :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'} |
785 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range], | |
7 | 786 column 0. Default is cursor line. |
787 | |
788 *:k* | |
9 | 789 :[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can |
7 | 790 be omitted. |
791 | |
792 *'* *'a* *`* *`a* | |
1121 | 793 '{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer. |
7 | 794 |
795 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0* | |
1121 | 796 '{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not |
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797 a motion command when in another file). |
7 | 798 |
799 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a* | |
800 g'{mark} g`{mark} | |
801 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when | |
802 jumping within the current buffer. Example: > | |
803 g`" | |
804 < jumps to the last known position in a file. See | |
9 | 805 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim. |
806 Also see |:keepjumps|. | |
7 | 807 |
808 *:marks* | |
809 :marks List all the current marks (not a motion command). | |
810 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed. | |
843 | 811 The first column has number zero. |
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812 |
7 | 813 *E283* |
814 :marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a | |
815 motion command). For example: > | |
816 :marks aB | |
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817 < to list marks 'a' and 'B'. |
7 | 818 |
24 | 819 *:delm* *:delmarks* |
856 | 820 :delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted |
24 | 821 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark. |
822 They can be specified by giving the list of mark | |
823 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces | |
824 are ignored. Examples: > | |
825 :delmarks a deletes mark a | |
826 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1 | |
827 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a | |
828 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z | |
829 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ] | |
830 :delmarks \" deletes mark " | |
831 | |
832 :delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks | |
833 A-Z or 0-9. | |
834 | |
7 | 835 A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is |
836 remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally | |
837 unrelated. | |
838 | |
839 'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file | |
840 'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files | |
841 '0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file | |
842 | |
843 Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the | |
844 buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are | |
845 lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased. | |
846 | |
847 Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't" | |
848 deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for | |
849 Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and | |
850 redo. | |
851 | |
16610 | 852 Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. You can use them to jump from |
853 file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark with an operator if the mark | |
854 is in the current file. The line number of the mark remains correct, even if | |
855 you insert/delete lines or edit another file for a moment. When the 'viminfo' | |
856 option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in the .viminfo file. See | |
857 |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
7 | 858 |
859 Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly. | |
860 They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0 | |
861 is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one | |
862 time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no | |
863 Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|. | |
864 | |
865 | |
866 *'[* *`[* | |
867 '[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed | |
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868 or yanked text. |
7 | 869 |
870 *']* *`]* | |
871 '] `] To the last character of the previously changed or | |
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872 yanked text. |
7 | 873 |
874 After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text | |
875 that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is | |
876 sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted | |
877 character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example: | |
878 After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After | |
879 inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest | |
880 inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted. | |
881 | |
882 Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except | |
883 when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change | |
884 was made yet in the current file. | |
885 | |
886 *'<* *`<* | |
1698 | 887 '< `< To the first line or character of the last selected |
888 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
889 may also be the last character in the first line (to | |
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890 be able to define the block). |
7 | 891 |
892 *'>* *`>* | |
1698 | 893 '> `> To the last line or character of the last selected |
894 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it | |
895 may also be the first character of the last line (to | |
896 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection' | |
856 | 897 applies, the position may be just after the Visual |
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898 area. |
7 | 899 |
900 *''* *``* | |
36 | 901 '' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the |
902 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the | |
7 | 903 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used. |
904 Also see |restore-position|. | |
905 | |
906 *'quote* *`quote* | |
907 '" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current | |
908 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first | |
909 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this | |
910 for each opened file. | |
911 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one | |
912 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in | |
913 a window the position won't be changed. | |
914 | |
915 *'^* *`^* | |
916 '^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time | |
42 | 917 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the |
918 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command | |
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919 modifier was used. |
7 | 920 |
921 *'.* *`.* | |
922 '. `. To the position where the last change was made. The | |
923 position is at or near where the change started. | |
924 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes, | |
925 then the position can be near the end of what the | |
926 command changed. For example when inserting a word, | |
927 the position will be on the last character. | |
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928 To jump to older changes use |g;|. |
7 | 929 |
930 *'(* *`(* | |
931 '( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(| | |
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932 command. |
7 | 933 |
934 *')* *`)* | |
935 ') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)| | |
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936 command. |
7 | 937 |
938 *'{* *`{* | |
939 '{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{| | |
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940 command. |
7 | 941 |
942 *'}* *`}* | |
943 '} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}| | |
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944 command. |
7 | 945 |
946 These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark: | |
947 | |
948 *]'* | |
949 ]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below | |
950 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the | |
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951 line. |
7 | 952 |
953 *]`* | |
24278 | 954 ]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. |
7 | 955 |
956 *['* | |
957 [' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark | |
958 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in | |
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959 the line. |
7 | 960 |
961 *[`* | |
962 [` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor. | |
963 | |
964 | |
16944 | 965 :loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lock* *:lockmarks* |
7 | 966 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is |
967 useful when changing text in a way that the line count | |
968 will be the same when the change has completed. | |
969 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below | |
970 the change will keep their line number, thus move to | |
971 another text line. | |
972 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted | |
973 lines: | |
974 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z | |
975 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z | |
976 - numbered marks '0 - '9 | |
977 - last insert position '^ | |
978 - last change position '. | |
18639 | 979 - last affected text area '[ and '] |
7 | 980 - the Visual area '< and '> |
981 - line numbers in placed signs | |
982 - line numbers in quickfix positions | |
983 - positions in the |jumplist| | |
984 - positions in the |tagstack| | |
985 These items will still be adjusted: | |
986 - previous context mark '' | |
987 - the cursor position | |
988 - the view of a window on a buffer | |
989 - folds | |
990 - diffs | |
991 | |
16944 | 992 :kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keep* *:keepmarks* |
7 | 993 Currently only has effect for the filter command |
994 |:range!|: | |
995 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to | |
996 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the | |
997 same line number. | |
998 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the | |
9 | 999 lines that disappeared are deleted. |
7 | 1000 In any case the marks below the filtered text have |
1001 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text, | |
1002 as usual. | |
1003 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has | |
1004 the same effect as using ":keepmarks". | |
1005 | |
1006 *:keepj* *:keepjumps* | |
1007 :keepj[umps] {command} | |
9 | 1008 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|, |
1009 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the | |
1010 |changelist|. | |
1011 Useful when making a change or inserting text | |
1012 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this | |
1013 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change" | |
1014 timestamp in the first line: > | |
1015 | |
586 | 1016 :let lnum = line(".") |
9 | 1017 :keepjumps normal gg |
1018 :call SetLastChange() | |
1019 :keepjumps exe "normal " . lnum . "G" | |
1020 < | |
1021 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command. | |
1022 When invoking a function the commands in that function | |
856 | 1023 can still change the jumplist. Also, for |
85 | 1024 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep |
1025 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'" | |
7 | 1026 |
1027 ============================================================================== | |
1028 8. Jumps *jump-motions* | |
1029 | |
14347 | 1030 A "jump" is a command that normally moves the cursor several lines away. If |
1031 you make the cursor "jump" the position of the cursor before the jump is | |
16023 | 1032 remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" commands, |
14347 | 1033 unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. The |
1034 following commands are "jump" commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", "N", | |
1035 "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and the | |
15033 | 1036 commands that start editing a new file. |
7 | 1037 |
1038 *CTRL-O* | |
1039 CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list | |
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1040 (not a motion command). |
7 | 1041 |
1042 <Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>* | |
1043 CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list | |
1044 (not a motion command). | |
1045 | |
24278 | 1046 NOTE: In the GUI and in a terminal supporting |
1047 |modifyOtherKeys|, CTRL-I can be mapped separately | |
1048 from <Tab>, on the condition that CTRL-I is | |
1049 mapped before <Tab>, otherwise the mapping applies to | |
1050 both. | |
1051 | |
7 | 1052 *:ju* *:jumps* |
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1053 :ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). |
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1054 |
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1055 *:cle* *:clearjumps* |
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1056 :cle[arjumps] Clear the jump list of the current window. |
7 | 1057 |
1058 *jumplist* | |
1059 Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you | |
1060 can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can | |
1061 move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window. | |
1062 The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100. | |
1063 | |
1064 For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list: | |
1065 | |
24278 | 1066 jump line col file/text ~ |
1067 3 1 0 some text ~ | |
1068 2 70 0 another line ~ | |
1069 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1070 > ~ | |
7 | 1071 |
2681 | 1072 The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is |
7 | 1073 in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit |
1074 in the window). | |
1075 | |
1076 You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the | |
1077 cursor is put in line 1154. This results in: | |
1078 | |
24278 | 1079 jump line col file/text ~ |
1080 2 1 0 some text ~ | |
1081 1 70 0 another line ~ | |
1082 > 0 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1083 1 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
7 | 1084 |
1085 The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O | |
1086 command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the | |
1087 entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that | |
1088 you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command | |
1089 will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get | |
1090 back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167. | |
1091 | |
1092 With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I | |
1093 you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump" | |
1094 column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to | |
1095 this position. | |
1096 | |
1097 If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of | |
1098 the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed. | |
1099 The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions | |
1100 only once. | |
1101 | |
1102 When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the | |
836 | 1103 jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global| |
5220 | 1104 command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note |
1105 that calling setpos() does not do this. | |
7 | 1106 |
1107 After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another | |
1108 jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become: | |
1109 | |
24278 | 1110 jump line col file/text ~ |
1111 4 1 0 some text ~ | |
1112 3 70 0 another line ~ | |
1113 2 1167 0 foo bar ~ | |
1114 1 1154 23 end. ~ | |
1115 > ~ | |
7 | 1116 |
1117 The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails | |
1118 if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!". | |
1119 | |
1120 When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window. | |
1121 | |
1122 If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be | |
1123 stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim. | |
1124 | |
1125 | |
1126 CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664* | |
1127 | |
1128 When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is | |
1129 remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a | |
1130 previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes, | |
1131 also those that have been undone: | |
1132 | |
1133 *g;* *E662* | |
1134 g; Go to [count] older position in change list. | |
1135 If [count] is larger than the number of older change | |
1136 positions go to the oldest change. | |
1137 If there is no older change an error message is given. | |
1138 (not a motion command) | |
1139 | |
1140 *g,* *E663* | |
1141 g, Go to [count] newer cursor position in change list. | |
236 | 1142 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction. |
7 | 1143 (not a motion command) |
1144 | |
1145 When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can | |
1146 use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still | |
1147 remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same | |
1148 as for the |jumplist|. | |
1149 | |
1150 When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less | |
1151 than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a | |
1152 sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions | |
1153 to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that | |
1154 also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations | |
1155 bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters | |
21991 | 1156 for multibyte encodings). |
7 | 1157 |
1158 Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be | |
1159 a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have | |
1160 been deleted. | |
1161 | |
24278 | 1162 When the `:keepjumps` command modifier is used the position of a change is not |
7 | 1163 remembered. |
1164 | |
1165 *:changes* | |
1166 :changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the | |
1167 current position. Just after a change it is below the | |
14372 | 1168 newest entry, indicating that `g;` takes you to the |
7 | 1169 newest entry position. The first column indicates the |
1170 count needed to take you to this position. Example: | |
1171 | |
1172 change line col text ~ | |
1173 3 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1174 2 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1175 1 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1176 > | |
1177 | |
14372 | 1178 The `3g;` command takes you to line 9. Then the |
1179 output of `:changes` is: | |
7 | 1180 |
1181 change line col text ~ | |
1182 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla | |
1183 1 11 57 foo is a bar | |
1184 2 14 54 the latest changed line | |
1185 | |
1186 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go | |
1187 to line 14. | |
1188 | |
1189 ============================================================================== | |
1190 9. Various motions *various-motions* | |
1191 | |
1192 *%* | |
1193 % Find the next item in this line after or under the | |
1194 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion. | |
1195 Items can be: | |
1196 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets | |
1197 (this can be changed with the | |
1198 'matchpairs' option) | |
1199 /* */ start or end of C-style comment | |
1200 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif | |
1201 C preprocessor conditionals (when the | |
1202 cursor is on the # or no ([{ | |
24278 | 1203 is following) |
7 | 1204 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see |
1621 | 1205 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip |
1206 matches in comments. | |
7 | 1207 |
1208 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes | |
1209 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the | |
1210 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't | |
1211 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( ( | |
1212 \)" the first and last parenthesis match. | |
1621 | 1213 |
7 | 1214 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions' |
1215 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are | |
1216 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line | |
1217 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not | |
1218 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')' | |
1219 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single | |
1220 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for | |
1221 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings. | |
1621 | 1222 |
1223 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You | |
1224 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or | |
1225 put quotes around matches. | |
1226 | |
1227 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count} | |
1228 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on | |
7 | 1229 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise. |
1230 | |
1231 *[(* | |
24278 | 1232 [( Go to [count] previous unmatched '('. |
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1233 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1234 *[{* |
24278 | 1235 [{ Go to [count] previous unmatched '{'. |
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1236 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1237 *])* |
24278 | 1238 ]) Go to [count] next unmatched ')'. |
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1239 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1240 *]}* |
24278 | 1241 ]} Go to [count] next unmatched '}'. |
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1242 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1243 |
1244 The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current | |
1245 code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other | |
1246 end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block. | |
1247 Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will | |
1248 bring you back to the switch statement. | |
1249 | |
1250 *]m* | |
1251 ]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or | |
1252 similar structured language). When not before the | |
1253 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1254 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is | |
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1255 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1256 *]M* |
1257 ]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or | |
1258 similar structured language). When not before the end | |
1259 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class. | |
1260 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an | |
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1261 error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1262 *[m* |
1263 [m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or | |
1264 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1265 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1266 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is | |
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1267 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1268 *[M* |
1269 [M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or | |
1270 similar structured language). When not after the | |
1271 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the | |
1272 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is | |
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1273 an error. |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1274 |
24278 | 1275 The above four commands assume that the file contains a class with methods. |
7 | 1276 The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class |
1277 is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The | |
1278 file looks like this: > | |
1279 | |
1280 // comment | |
1281 class foo { | |
1282 int method_one() { | |
1283 body_one(); | |
1284 } | |
1285 int method_two() { | |
1286 body_two(); | |
1287 } | |
1288 } | |
24278 | 1289 |
1290 [To try this out copy the text and put it in a new buffer, the help text above | |
1291 confuses the jump commands] | |
1292 | |
7 | 1293 Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at |
1294 the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the | |
1295 method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()". | |
1296 Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class. | |
1297 | |
1298 *[#* | |
24278 | 1299 [# Go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else". |
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1300 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1301 |
1302 *]#* | |
24278 | 1303 ]# Go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif". |
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1304 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1305 |
1306 These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif | |
1307 constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where | |
1308 the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line. | |
1309 | |
1310 *[star* *[/* | |
24278 | 1311 [* or [/ Go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*". |
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1312 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1313 |
1314 *]star* *]/* | |
24278 | 1315 ]* or ]/ Go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/". |
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1316 |exclusive| motion. |
7 | 1317 |
1318 | |
1319 *H* | |
1320 H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default: | |
1321 first line on the window) on the first non-blank | |
1322 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
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1323 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
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|
1324 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1325 scroll. E.g. "yH" yanks from the first visible line |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1326 until the cursor line (inclusive). |
7 | 1327 |
1328 *M* | |
1329 M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank | |
1330 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
1331 | |
1332 *L* | |
1333 L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last | |
1334 line on the window) on the first non-blank character | |
1335 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option. | |
12646
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1336 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1337 operator is pending, in which case the text may |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1338 scroll. E.g. "yL" yanks from the cursor to the last |
b908a3682f6e
patch 8.0.1201: "yL" is affected by 'scrolloff'
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
11160
diff
changeset
|
1339 visible line. |
7 | 1340 |
1341 <LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse | |
36 | 1342 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the |
7 | 1343 position is in a status line, that window is made the |
16553
0e473e9e70c2
patch 8.1.1280: remarks about functionality not in Vi clutters the help
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16023
diff
changeset
|
1344 active window and the cursor is not moved. |
7 | 1345 |
14421 | 1346 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |