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view runtime/doc/pi_netrw.txt @ 5214:fa024ce48542 v7.4a.033
updated for version 7.4a.033
Problem: Test 98 always passes.
Solution: Include test98a.in in test98.in, execute the crucial command in
one line. (Yukihiro Nakadaira)
| author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 17 Jul 2013 21:40:31 +0200 |
| parents | 6ec6b7ff2d43 |
| children | 09c88160095d |
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*pi_netrw.txt* For Vim version 7.4a. Last change: 2013 May 18 ------------------------------------------------ NETRW REFERENCE MANUAL by Charles E. Campbell ------------------------------------------------ Author: Charles E. Campbell <NdrOchip@ScampbellPfamily.AbizM> (remove NOSPAM from Campbell's email first) Copyright: Copyright (C) 1999-2013 Charles E Campbell *netrw-copyright* The VIM LICENSE applies to the files in this package, including netrw.vim, pi_netrw.txt, netrwFileHandlers.vim, netrwSettings.vim, and syntax/netrw.vim. Like anything else that's free, netrw.vim and its associated files are provided *as is* and comes with no warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. No guarantees of merchantability. No guarantees of suitability for any purpose. By using this plugin, you agree that in no event will the copyright holder be liable for any damages resulting from the use of this software. Use at your own risk! *dav* *ftp* *netrw-file* *rcp* *scp* *davs* *http* *netrw.vim* *rsync* *sftp* *fetch* *netrw* *network* ============================================================================== 1. Contents *netrw-contents* {{{1 1. Contents..............................................|netrw-contents| 2. Starting With Netrw...................................|netrw-start| 3. Netrw Reference.......................................|netrw-ref| EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS.................|netrw-externapp| READING.............................................|netrw-read| WRITING.............................................|netrw-write| SOURCING............................................|netrw-source| DIRECTORY LISTING...................................|netrw-dirlist| CHANGING THE USERID AND PASSWORD....................|netrw-chgup| VARIABLES AND SETTINGS..............................|netrw-variables| PATHS...............................................|netrw-path| 4. Network-Oriented File Transfer........................|netrw-xfer| NETRC...............................................|netrw-netrc| PASSWORD............................................|netrw-passwd| 5. Activation............................................|netrw-activate| 6. Transparent Remote File Editing.......................|netrw-transparent| 7. Ex Commands...........................................|netrw-ex| 8. Variables and Options.................................|netrw-variables| 9. Browsing..............................................|netrw-browse| Introduction To Browsing............................|netrw-intro-browse| Quick Reference: Maps...............................|netrw-browse-maps| Quick Reference: Commands...........................|netrw-browse-cmds| Bookmarking A Directory.............................|netrw-mb| Browsing............................................|netrw-cr| Browsing With A Horizontally Split Window...........|netrw-o| Browsing With A New Tab.............................|netrw-t| Browsing With A Vertically Split Window.............|netrw-v| Change Listing Style.(thin wide long tree)..........|netrw-i| Changing To A Bookmarked Directory..................|netrw-gb| Changing To A Predecessor Directory.................|netrw-u| Changing To A Successor Directory...................|netrw-U| Customizing Browsing With A User Function...........|netrw-x| Deleting Bookmarks..................................|netrw-mB| Deleting Files Or Directories.......................|netrw-D| Directory Exploring Commands........................|netrw-explore| Exploring With Stars and Patterns...................|netrw-star| Displaying Information About File...................|netrw-qf| Edit File Or Directory Hiding List..................|netrw-ctrl-h| Editing The Sorting Sequence........................|netrw-S| Forcing treatment as a file or directory............|netrw-gd| |netrw-gf| Going Up............................................|netrw--| Hiding Files Or Directories.........................|netrw-a| Improving Browsing..................................|netrw-ssh-hack| Listing Bookmarks And History.......................|netrw-qb| Making A New Directory..............................|netrw-d| Making The Browsing Directory The Current Directory.|netrw-c| Marking Files.......................................|netrw-mf| Unmarking Files.....................................|netrw-mF| Marking Files By QuickFix List......................|netrw-qF| Marking Files By Regular Expression.................|netrw-mr| Marked Files: Arbitrary Command.....................|netrw-mx| Marked Files: Compression And Decompression.........|netrw-mz| Marked Files: Copying...............................|netrw-mc| Marked Files: Diff..................................|netrw-md| Marked Files: Editing...............................|netrw-me| Marked Files: Grep..................................|netrw-mg| Marked Files: Hiding and Unhiding by Suffix.........|netrw-mh| Marked Files: Moving................................|netrw-mm| Marked Files: Printing..............................|netrw-mp| Marked Files: Sourcing..............................|netrw-ms| Marked Files: Setting the Target Directory..........|netrw-mt| Marked Files: Tagging...............................|netrw-mT| Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks......|netrw-Tb| Marked Files: Target Directory Using History........|netrw-Th| Marked Files: Unmarking.............................|netrw-mu| Netrw Browser Variables.............................|netrw-browser-var| Netrw Browsing And Option Incompatibilities.........|netrw-incompatible| Netrw Settings Window...............................|netrw-settings-window| Obtaining A File....................................|netrw-O| Preview Window......................................|netrw-p| Previous Window.....................................|netrw-P| Refreshing The Listing..............................|netrw-ctrl-l| Reversing Sorting Order.............................|netrw-r| Renaming Files Or Directories.......................|netrw-R| Selecting Sorting Style.............................|netrw-s| Setting Editing Window..............................|netrw-C| 10. Problems and Fixes....................................|netrw-problems| 11. Debugging Netrw Itself................................|netrw-debug| 12. History...............................................|netrw-history| 13. Todo..................................................|netrw-todo| 14. Credits...............................................|netrw-credits| {Vi does not have any of this} ============================================================================== 2. Starting With Netrw *netrw-start* {{{1 Netrw makes reading files, writing files, browsing over a network, and local browsing easy! First, make sure that you have plugins enabled, so you'll need to have at least the following in your <.vimrc>: (or see |netrw-activate|) > set nocp " 'compatible' is not set filetype plugin on " plugins are enabled < (see |'cp'| and |:filetype-plugin-on|) Netrw supports "transparent" editing of files on other machines using urls (see |netrw-transparent|). As an example of this, let's assume you have an account on some other machine; if you can use scp, try: > vim scp://hostname/path/to/file < Want to make ssh/scp easier to use? Check out |netrw-ssh-hack|! So, what if you have ftp, not ssh/scp? That's easy, too; try > vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file < Want to make ftp simpler to use? See if your ftp supports a file called <.netrc> -- typically it goes in your home directory, has read/write permissions for only the user to read (ie. not group, world, other, etc), and has lines resembling > machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD" machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD" ... default login USERID password "PASSWORD" < Windows' ftp doesn't support .netrc; however, one may have in one's .vimrc: > let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= 'c:\Windows\System32\ftp -s:C:\Users\MyUserName\MACHINE' < Netrw will substitute the host's machine name for "MACHINE" from the url it is attempting to open, and so one may specify > userid password for each site in a separate file: c:\Users\MyUserName\MachineName. Now about browsing -- when you just want to look around before editing a file. For browsing on your current host, just "edit" a directory: > vim . vim /home/userid/path < For browsing on a remote host, "edit" a directory (but make sure that the directory name is followed by a "/"): > vim scp://hostname/ vim ftp://hostname/path/to/dir/ < See |netrw-browse| for more! There are more protocols supported by netrw than just scp and ftp, too: see the next section, |netrw-externapp|, on how to use these external applications with netrw and vim. PREVENTING LOADING *netrw-noload* If you want to use plugins, but for some reason don't wish to use netrw, then you need to avoid loading both the plugin and the autoload portions of netrw. You may do so by placing the following two lines in your <.vimrc>: > :let g:loaded_netrw = 1 :let g:loaded_netrwPlugin = 1 < ============================================================================== 3. Netrw Reference *netrw-ref* {{{1 Netrw supports several protocols in addition to scp and ftp as mentioned in |netrw-start|. These include dav, fetch, http,... well, just look at the list in |netrw-externapp|. Each protocol is associated with a variable which holds the default command supporting that protocol. EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS *netrw-externapp* {{{2 Protocol Variable Default Value -------- ---------------- ------------- dav: *g:netrw_dav_cmd* = "cadaver" if cadaver is executable dav: g:netrw_dav_cmd = "curl -o" elseif curl is available fetch: *g:netrw_fetch_cmd* = "fetch -o" if fetch is available ftp: *g:netrw_ftp_cmd* = "ftp" http: *g:netrw_http_cmd* = "elinks" if elinks is available http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "links" elseif links is available http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "curl" elseif curl is available http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "wget" elseif wget is available http: g:netrw_http_cmd = "fetch" elseif fetch is available rcp: *g:netrw_rcp_cmd* = "rcp" rsync: *g:netrw_rsync_cmd* = "rsync -a" scp: *g:netrw_scp_cmd* = "scp -q" sftp: *g:netrw_sftp_cmd* = "sftp" *g:netrw_http_xcmd* : the option string for http://... protocols are specified via this variable and may be independently overridden. By default, the option arguments for the http-handling commands are: > elinks : "-source >" links : "-dump >" curl : "-o" wget : "-q -O" fetch : "-o" < For example, if your system has elinks, and you'd rather see the page using an attempt at rendering the text, you may wish to have > let g:netrw_http_xcmd= "-dump >" < in your .vimrc. READING *netrw-read* *netrw-nread* {{{2 Generally, one may just use the url notation with a normal editing command, such as > :e ftp://[user@]machine/path < Netrw also provides the Nread command: :Nread ? give help :Nread "machine:path" uses rcp :Nread "machine path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc> :Nread "machine id password path" uses ftp :Nread "dav://machine[:port]/path" uses cadaver :Nread "fetch://[user@]machine/path" uses fetch :Nread "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc> :Nread "http://[user@]machine/path" uses http uses wget :Nread "rcp://[user@]machine/path" uses rcp :Nread "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path" uses rsync :Nread "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses scp :Nread "sftp://[user@]machine/path" uses sftp WRITING *netrw-write* *netrw-nwrite* {{{2 One may just use the url notation with a normal file writing command, such as > :w ftp://[user@]machine/path < Netrw also provides the Nwrite command: :Nwrite ? give help :Nwrite "machine:path" uses rcp :Nwrite "machine path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc> :Nwrite "machine id password path" uses ftp :Nwrite "dav://machine[:port]/path" uses cadaver :Nwrite "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc> :Nwrite "rcp://[user@]machine/path" uses rcp :Nwrite "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path" uses rsync :Nwrite "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses scp :Nwrite "sftp://[user@]machine/path" uses sftp http: not supported! SOURCING *netrw-source* {{{2 One may just use the url notation with the normal file sourcing command, such as > :so ftp://[user@]machine/path < Netrw also provides the Nsource command: :Nsource ? give help :Nsource "dav://machine[:port]/path" uses cadaver :Nsource "fetch://[user@]machine/path" uses fetch :Nsource "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses ftp w/ <.netrc> :Nsource "http://[user@]machine/path" uses http uses wget :Nsource "rcp://[user@]machine/path" uses rcp :Nsource "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path" uses rsync :Nsource "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path" uses scp :Nsource "sftp://[user@]machine/path" uses sftp DIRECTORY LISTING *netrw-trailingslash* *netrw-dirlist* {{{2 One may browse a directory to get a listing by simply attempting to edit the directory: > :e scp://[user]@hostname/path/ :e ftp://[user]@hostname/path/ < For remote directory listings (ie. those using scp or ftp), that trailing "/" is necessary (the slash tells netrw to treat the argument as a directory to browse instead of as a file to download). The Nread command may also be used to accomplish this (again, that trailing slash is necessary): > :Nread [protocol]://[user]@hostname/path/ < *netrw-login* *netrw-password* CHANGING USERID AND PASSWORD *netrw-chgup* *netrw-userpass* {{{2 Attempts to use ftp will prompt you for a user-id and a password. These will be saved in global variables |g:netrw_uid| and |s:netrw_passwd|; subsequent use of ftp will re-use those two strings, thereby simplifying use of ftp. However, if you need to use a different user id and/or password, you'll want to call |NetUserPass()| first. To work around the need to enter passwords, check if your ftp supports a <.netrc> file in your home directory. Also see |netrw-passwd| (and if you're using ssh/scp hoping to figure out how to not need to use passwords for scp, look at |netrw-ssh-hack|). :NetUserPass [uid [password]] -- prompts as needed :call NetUserPass() -- prompts for uid and password :call NetUserPass("uid") -- prompts for password :call NetUserPass("uid","password") -- sets global uid and password (Related topics: |ftp| |netrw-userpass| |netrw-start|) NETRW VARIABLES AND SETTINGS *netrw-variables* {{{2 (Also see: |netrw-browser-var| : netrw browser option variables |netrw-protocol| : file transfer protocol option variables |netrw-settings| : additional file transfer options |netrw-browser-options| : these options affect browsing directories ) Netrw provides a lot of variables which allow you to customize netrw to your preferences. One way to look at them is via the command :NetrwSettings (see |netrw-settings|) which will display your current netrw settings. Most such settings are described below, in |netrw-browser-options|, and in |netrw-externapp|: *b:netrw_lastfile* last file Network-read/written retained on a per-buffer basis (supports plain :Nw ) *g:netrw_bufsettings* the settings that netrw buffers have (default) noma nomod nonu nowrap ro nobl *g:netrw_chgwin* specifies a window number where file edits will take place. (also see |netrw-C|) (default) not defined *g:Netrw_funcref* specifies a function (or functions) to be called when netrw edits a file. The file is first edited, and then the function reference (|Funcref|) is called. This variable may also hold a |List| of Funcrefs. (default) not defined. (the capital in g:Netrw... is required by its holding a function reference) > Example: place in .vimrc; affects all file opening fun! MyFuncRef() endfun let g:Netrw_funcref= function("MyFuncRef") < *g:netrw_ftp* if it doesn't exist, use default ftp =0 use default ftp (uid password) =1 use alternate ftp method (user uid password) If you're having trouble with ftp, try changing the value of this variable to see if the alternate ftp method works for your setup. *g:netrw_ftp_options* Chosen by default, these options are supposed to turn interactive prompting off and to restrain ftp from attempting auto-login upon initial connection. However, it appears that not all ftp implementations support this (ex. ncftp). ="-i -n" *g:netrw_ftpextracmd* default: doesn't exist If this variable exists, then any string it contains will be placed into the commands set to your ftp client. As an example: ="passive" *g:netrw_ftpmode* ="binary" (default) ="ascii" *g:netrw_ignorenetrc* =0 (default for linux, cygwin) =1 If you have a <.netrc> file but it doesn't work and you want it ignored, then set this variable as shown. (default for Windows + cmd.exe) *g:netrw_menu* =0 disable netrw's menu =1 (default) netrw's menu enabled *g:netrw_nogx* if this variable exists, then the "gx" map will not be available (see |netrw-gx|) *g:netrw_uid* (ftp) user-id, retained on a per-vim-session basis *s:netrw_passwd* (ftp) password, retained on a per-vim-session basis *g:netrw_preview* =0 (default) preview window shown in a horizontally split window =1 preview window shown in a vertically split window. Also affects the "previous window" (see |netrw-P|) in the same way. *g:netrw_scpport* = "-P" : option to use to set port for scp *g:netrw_sshport* = "-p" : option to use to set port for ssh *g:netrw_sepchr* =\0xff =\0x01 for enc == euc-jp (and perhaps it should be for others, too, please let me know) Separates priority codes from filenames internally. See |netrw-p12|. *g:netrw_silent* =0 : transfers done normally =1 : transfers done silently *g:netrw_use_errorwindow* =1 : messages from netrw will use a separate one line window. This window provides reliable delivery of messages. (default) =0 : messages from netrw will use echoerr ; messages don't always seem to show up this way, but one doesn't have to quit the window. *g:netrw_win95ftp* =1 if using Win95, will remove four trailing blank lines that o/s's ftp "provides" on transfers =0 force normal ftp behavior (no trailing line removal) *g:netrw_cygwin* =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin. Also permits network browsing to use ls with time and size sorting (default if windows) =0 assume Windows' scp accepts windows-style paths Network browsing uses dir instead of ls This option is ignored if you're using unix *g:netrw_use_nt_rcp* =0 don't use the rcp of WinNT, Win2000 and WinXP =1 use WinNT's rcp in binary mode (default) PATHS *netrw-path* {{{2 Paths to files are generally user-directory relative for most protocols. It is possible that some protocol will make paths relative to some associated directory, however. > example: vim scp://user@host/somefile example: vim scp://user@host/subdir1/subdir2/somefile < where "somefile" is in the "user"'s home directory. If you wish to get a file using root-relative paths, use the full path: > example: vim scp://user@host//somefile example: vim scp://user@host//subdir1/subdir2/somefile < ============================================================================== 4. Network-Oriented File Transfer *netrw-xfer* {{{1 Network-oriented file transfer under Vim is implemented by a VimL-based script (<netrw.vim>) using plugin techniques. It currently supports both reading and writing across networks using rcp, scp, ftp or ftp+<.netrc>, scp, fetch, dav/cadaver, rsync, or sftp. http is currently supported read-only via use of wget or fetch. <netrw.vim> is a standard plugin which acts as glue between Vim and the various file transfer programs. It uses autocommand events (BufReadCmd, FileReadCmd, BufWriteCmd) to intercept reads/writes with url-like filenames. > ex. vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file < The characters preceding the colon specify the protocol to use; in the example, it's ftp. The <netrw.vim> script then formulates a command or a series of commands (typically ftp) which it issues to an external program (ftp, scp, etc) which does the actual file transfer/protocol. Files are read from/written to a temporary file (under Unix/Linux, /tmp/...) which the <netrw.vim> script will clean up. Now, a word about Jan Minář's "FTP User Name and Password Disclosure"; first, ftp is not a secure protocol. User names and passwords are transmitted "in the clear" over the internet; any snooper tool can pick these up; this is not a netrw thing, this is a ftp thing. If you're concerned about this, please try to use scp or sftp instead. Netrw re-uses the user id and password during the same vim session and so long as the remote hostname remains the same. Jan seems to be a bit confused about how netrw handles ftp; normally multiple commands are performed in a "ftp session", and he seems to feel that the uid/password should only be retained over one ftp session. However, netrw does every ftp operation in a separate "ftp session"; so remembering the uid/password for just one "ftp session" would be the same as not remembering the uid/password at all. IMHO this would rapidly grow tiresome as one browsed remote directories, for example. On the other hand, thanks go to Jan M. for pointing out the many vulnerabilities that netrw (and vim itself) had had in handling "crafted" filenames. The |shellescape()| and |fnameescape()| functions were written in response by Bram Moolenaar to handle these sort of problems, and netrw has been modified to use them. Still, my advice is, if the "filename" looks like a vim command that you aren't comfortable with having executed, don't open it. *netrw-putty* *netrw-pscp* *netrw-psftp* One may modify any protocol's implementing external application by setting a variable (ex. scp uses the variable g:netrw_scp_cmd, which is defaulted to "scp -q"). As an example, consider using PuTTY: > let g:netrw_scp_cmd = '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\pscp.exe" -q -batch' let g:netrw_sftp_cmd= '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\psftp.exe"' < (note: it has been reported that windows 7 with putty v0.6's "-batch" option doesn't work, so its best to leave it off for that system) See |netrw-p8| for more about putty, pscp, psftp, etc. Ftp, an old protocol, seems to be blessed by numerous implementations. Unfortunately, some implementations are noisy (ie., add junk to the end of the file). Thus, concerned users may decide to write a NetReadFixup() function that will clean up after reading with their ftp. Some Unix systems (ie., FreeBSD) provide a utility called "fetch" which uses the ftp protocol but is not noisy and more convenient, actually, for <netrw.vim> to use. Consequently, if "fetch" is available (ie. executable), it may be preferable to use it for ftp://... based transfers. For rcp, scp, sftp, and http, one may use network-oriented file transfers transparently; ie. > vim rcp://[user@]machine/path vim scp://[user@]machine/path < If your ftp supports <.netrc>, then it too can be transparently used if the needed triad of machine name, user id, and password are present in that file. Your ftp must be able to use the <.netrc> file on its own, however. > vim ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]portnumber]/path < Windows provides an ftp (typically c:\Windows\System32\ftp.exe) which uses an option, -s:filename (filename can and probably should be a full path) which contains ftp commands which will be automatically run whenever ftp starts. You may use this feature to enter a user and password for one site: > userid password < *netrw-windows-netrc* *netrw-windows-s* If |g:netrw_ftp_cmd| contains -s:[path/]MACHINE, then (on Windows machines only) netrw will substitute the current machine name requested for ftp connections for MACHINE. Hence one can have multiple machine.ftp files containing login and password for ftp. Example: > let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= 'c:\Windows\System32\ftp -s:C:\Users\Myself\MACHINE' vim ftp://myhost.somewhere.net/ will use a file > C:\Users\Myself\myhost.ftp < Often, ftp will need to query the user for the userid and password. The latter will be done "silently"; ie. asterisks will show up instead of the actually-typed-in password. Netrw will retain the userid and password for subsequent read/writes from the most recent transfer so subsequent transfers (read/write) to or from that machine will take place without additional prompting. *netrw-urls* +=================================+============================+============+ | Reading | Writing | Uses | +=================================+============================+============+ | DAV: | | | | dav://host/path | | cadaver | | :Nread dav://host/path | :Nwrite dav://host/path | cadaver | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | DAV + SSL: | | | | davs://host/path | | cadaver | | :Nread davs://host/path | :Nwrite davs://host/path | cadaver | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | FETCH: | | | | fetch://[user@]host/path | | | | fetch://[user@]host:http/path | Not Available | fetch | | :Nread fetch://[user@]host/path| | | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | FILE: | | | | file:///* | file:///* | | | file://localhost/* | file://localhost/* | | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | FTP: (*3) | (*3) | | | ftp://[user@]host/path | ftp://[user@]host/path | ftp (*2) | | :Nread ftp://host/path | :Nwrite ftp://host/path | ftp+.netrc | | :Nread host path | :Nwrite host path | ftp+.netrc | | :Nread host uid pass path | :Nwrite host uid pass path | ftp | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | HTTP: wget is executable: (*4) | | | | http://[user@]host/path | Not Available | wget | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | HTTP: fetch is executable (*4) | | | | http://[user@]host/path | Not Available | fetch | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | RCP: | | | | rcp://[user@]host/path | rcp://[user@]host/path | rcp | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | RSYNC: | | | | rsync://[user@]host/path | rsync://[user@]host/path | rsync | | :Nread rsync://host/path | :Nwrite rsync://host/path | rsync | | :Nread rcp://host/path | :Nwrite rcp://host/path | rcp | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | SCP: | | | | scp://[user@]host/path | scp://[user@]host/path | scp | | :Nread scp://host/path | :Nwrite scp://host/path | scp (*1) | +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+ | SFTP: | | | | sftp://[user@]host/path | sftp://[user@]host/path | sftp | | :Nread sftp://host/path | :Nwrite sftp://host/path | sftp (*1) | +=================================+============================+============+ (*1) For an absolute path use scp://machine//path. (*2) if <.netrc> is present, it is assumed that it will work with your ftp client. Otherwise the script will prompt for user-id and password. (*3) for ftp, "machine" may be machine#port or machine:port if a different port is needed than the standard ftp port (*4) for http:..., if wget is available it will be used. Otherwise, if fetch is available it will be used. Both the :Nread and the :Nwrite ex-commands can accept multiple filenames. NETRC *netrw-netrc* The <.netrc> file, typically located in your home directory, contains lines therein which map a hostname (machine name) to the user id and password you prefer to use with it. The typical syntax for lines in a <.netrc> file is given as shown below. Ftp under Unix usually supports <.netrc>; ftp under Windows usually doesn't. > machine {full machine name} login {user-id} password "{password}" default login {user-id} password "{password}" Your ftp client must handle the use of <.netrc> on its own, but if the <.netrc> file exists, an ftp transfer will not ask for the user-id or password. Note: Since this file contains passwords, make very sure nobody else can read this file! Most programs will refuse to use a .netrc that is readable for others. Don't forget that the system administrator can still read the file! Ie. for Linux/Unix: chmod 600 .netrc Even though Windows' ftp clients typically do not support .netrc, netrw has a work-around: see |netrw-windows-s|. PASSWORD *netrw-passwd* The script attempts to get passwords for ftp invisibly using |inputsecret()|, a built-in Vim function. See |netrw-userpass| for how to change the password after one has set it. Unfortunately there doesn't appear to be a way for netrw to feed a password to scp. Thus every transfer via scp will require re-entry of the password. However, |netrw-ssh-hack| can help with this problem. ============================================================================== 5. Activation *netrw-activate* {{{1 Network-oriented file transfers are available by default whenever Vim's |'nocompatible'| mode is enabled. Netrw's script files reside in your system's plugin, autoload, and syntax directories; just the plugin/netrwPlugin.vim script is sourced automatically whenever you bring up vim. The main script in autoload/netrw.vim is only loaded when you actually use netrw. I suggest that, at a minimum, you have at least the following in your <.vimrc> customization file: > set nocp if version >= 600 filetype plugin indent on endif < ============================================================================== 6. Transparent Remote File Editing *netrw-transparent* {{{1 Transparent file transfers occur whenever a regular file read or write (invoked via an |:autocmd| for |BufReadCmd|, |BufWriteCmd|, or |SourceCmd| events) is made. Thus one may read, write, or source files across networks just as easily as if they were local files! > vim ftp://[user@]machine/path ... :wq See |netrw-activate| for more on how to encourage your vim to use plugins such as netrw. ============================================================================== 7. Ex Commands *netrw-ex* {{{1 The usual read/write commands are supported. There are also a few additional commands available. Often you won't need to use Nwrite or Nread as shown in |netrw-transparent| (ie. simply use > :e url :r url :w url instead, as appropriate) -- see |netrw-urls|. In the explanations below, a {netfile} is an url to a remote file. *:Nwrite* *:Nw* :[range]Nw[rite] Write the specified lines to the current file as specified in b:netrw_lastfile. (related: |netrw-nwrite|) :[range]Nw[rite] {netfile} [{netfile}]... Write the specified lines to the {netfile}. *:Nread* *:Nr* :Nr[ead] Read the lines from the file specified in b:netrw_lastfile into the current buffer. (related: |netrw-nread|) :Nr[ead] {netfile} {netfile}... Read the {netfile} after the current line. *:Nsource* *:Ns* :Ns[ource] {netfile} Source the {netfile}. To start up vim using a remote .vimrc, one may use the following (all on one line) (tnx to Antoine Mechelynck) > vim -u NORC -N --cmd "runtime plugin/netrwPlugin.vim" --cmd "source scp://HOSTNAME/.vimrc" < (related: |netrw-source|) :call NetUserPass() *NetUserPass()* If g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd don't exist, this function will query the user for them. (related: |netrw-userpass|) :call NetUserPass("userid") This call will set the g:netrw_uid and, if the password doesn't exist, will query the user for it. (related: |netrw-userpass|) :call NetUserPass("userid","passwd") This call will set both the g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd. The user-id and password are used by ftp transfers. One may effectively remove the user-id and password by using empty strings (ie. ""). (related: |netrw-userpass|) :NetrwSettings This command is described in |netrw-settings| -- used to display netrw settings and change netrw behavior. ============================================================================== 8. Variables and Options *netrw-var* *netrw-settings* {{{1 (also see: |netrw-options| |netrw-variables| |netrw-protocol| |netrw-browser-settings| |netrw-browser-options| ) The <netrw.vim> script provides several variables which act as options to affect <netrw.vim>'s file transfer behavior. These variables typically may be set in the user's <.vimrc> file: (see also |netrw-settings| |netrw-protocol|) *netrw-options* > ------------- Netrw Options ------------- Option Meaning -------------- ----------------------------------------------- < b:netrw_col Holds current cursor position (during NetWrite) g:netrw_cygwin =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin (default/windows) =0 assume scp under windows accepts windows style paths (default/else) g:netrw_ftp =0 use default ftp (uid password) g:netrw_ftpmode ="binary" (default) ="ascii" (your choice) g:netrw_ignorenetrc =1 (default) if you have a <.netrc> file but you don't want it used, then set this variable. Its mere existence is enough to cause <.netrc> to be ignored. b:netrw_lastfile Holds latest method/machine/path. b:netrw_line Holds current line number (during NetWrite) g:netrw_silent =0 transfers done normally =1 transfers done silently g:netrw_uid Holds current user-id for ftp. g:netrw_use_nt_rcp =0 don't use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp (default) =1 use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp, binary mode g:netrw_win95ftp =0 use unix-style ftp even if win95/98/ME/etc =1 use default method to do ftp > ----------------------------------------------------------------------- < *netrw-internal-variables* The script will also make use of the following variables internally, albeit temporarily. > ------------------- Temporary Variables ------------------- Variable Meaning -------- ------------------------------------ < b:netrw_method Index indicating rcp/ftp+.netrc/ftp w:netrw_method (same as b:netrw_method) g:netrw_machine Holds machine name parsed from input b:netrw_fname Holds filename being accessed > ------------------------------------------------------------ < *netrw-protocol* Netrw supports a number of protocols. These protocols are invoked using the variables listed below, and may be modified by the user. > ------------------------ Protocol Control Options ------------------------ Option Type Setting Meaning --------- -------- -------------- --------------------------- < netrw_ftp variable =doesn't exist userid set by "user userid" =0 userid set by "user userid" =1 userid set by "userid" NetReadFixup function =doesn't exist no change =exists Allows user to have files read via ftp automatically transformed however they wish by NetReadFixup() g:netrw_dav_cmd variable ="cadaver" if cadaver is executable g:netrw_dav_cmd variable ="curl -o" elseif curl is executable g:netrw_fetch_cmd variable ="fetch -o" if fetch is available g:netrw_ftp_cmd variable ="ftp" g:netrw_http_cmd variable ="fetch -o" if fetch is available g:netrw_http_cmd variable ="wget -O" else if wget is available g:netrw_list_cmd variable ="ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME ls -Fa" g:netrw_rcp_cmd variable ="rcp" g:netrw_rsync_cmd variable ="rsync -a" g:netrw_scp_cmd variable ="scp -q" g:netrw_sftp_cmd variable ="sftp" > ------------------------------------------------------------------------- < *netrw-ftp* The g:netrw_..._cmd options (|g:netrw_ftp_cmd| and |g:netrw_sftp_cmd|) specify the external program to use handle the ftp protocol. They may include command line options (such as -p for passive mode). Example: > let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= "ftp -p" < Browsing is supported by using the |g:netrw_list_cmd|; the substring "HOSTNAME" will be changed via substitution with whatever the current request is for a hostname. Two options (|g:netrw_ftp| and |netrw-fixup|) both help with certain ftp's that give trouble . In order to best understand how to use these options if ftp is giving you troubles, a bit of discussion is provided on how netrw does ftp reads. For ftp, netrw typically builds up lines of one of the following formats in a temporary file: > IF g:netrw_ftp !exists or is not 1 IF g:netrw_ftp exists and is 1 ---------------------------------- ------------------------------ < open machine [port] open machine [port] user userid password userid password [g:netrw_ftpmode] password [g:netrw_ftpextracmd] [g:netrw_ftpmode] get filename tempfile [g:netrw_extracmd] get filename tempfile > --------------------------------------------------------------------- < The |g:netrw_ftpmode| and |g:netrw_ftpextracmd| are optional. Netrw then executes the lines above by use of a filter: > :%! {g:netrw_ftp_cmd} -i [-n] < where g:netrw_ftp_cmd is usually "ftp", -i tells ftp not to be interactive -n means don't use netrc and is used for Method #3 (ftp w/o <.netrc>) If <.netrc> exists it will be used to avoid having to query the user for userid and password. The transferred file is put into a temporary file. The temporary file is then read into the main editing session window that requested it and the temporary file deleted. If your ftp doesn't accept the "user" command and immediately just demands a userid, then try putting "let netrw_ftp=1" in your <.vimrc>. *netrw-cadaver* To handle the SSL certificate dialog for untrusted servers, one may pull down the certificate and place it into /usr/ssl/cert.pem. This operation renders the server treatment as "trusted". *netrw-fixup* *netreadfixup* If your ftp for whatever reason generates unwanted lines (such as AUTH messages) you may write a NetReadFixup() function: > function! NetReadFixup(method,line1,line2) " a:line1: first new line in current file " a:line2: last new line in current file if a:method == 1 "rcp elseif a:method == 2 "ftp + <.netrc> elseif a:method == 3 "ftp + machine,uid,password,filename elseif a:method == 4 "scp elseif a:method == 5 "http/wget elseif a:method == 6 "dav/cadaver elseif a:method == 7 "rsync elseif a:method == 8 "fetch elseif a:method == 9 "sftp else " complain endif endfunction > The NetReadFixup() function will be called if it exists and thus allows you to customize your reading process. As a further example, <netrw.vim> contains just such a function to handle Windows 95 ftp. For whatever reason, Windows 95's ftp dumps four blank lines at the end of a transfer, and so it is desirable to automate their removal. Here's some code taken from <netrw.vim> itself: > if has("win95") && g:netrw_win95ftp fun! NetReadFixup(method, line1, line2) if method == 3 " ftp (no <.netrc>) let fourblanklines= line2 - 3 silent fourblanklines.",".line2."g/^\s*/d" endif endfunction endif > (Related topics: |ftp| |netrw-userpass| |netrw-start|) ============================================================================== 9. Browsing *netrw-browsing* *netrw-browse* *netrw-help* {{{1 *netrw-browser* *netrw-dir* *netrw-list* INTRODUCTION TO BROWSING *netrw-intro-browse* {{{2 (Quick References: |netrw-quickmaps| |netrw-quickcoms|) Netrw supports the browsing of directories on your local system and on remote hosts; browsing includes listing files and directories, entering directories, editing files therein, deleting files/directories, making new directories, moving (renaming) files and directories, copying files and directories, etc. One may mark files and execute any system command on them! The Netrw browser generally implements the previous explorer's maps and commands for remote directories, although details (such as pertinent global variable names) necessarily differ. To browse a directory, simply "edit" it! > vim /your/directory/ vim . vim c:\your\directory\ < (Related topics: |netrw-cr| |netrw-o| |netrw-p| |netrw-P| |netrw-t| |netrw-mf| |netrw-mx| |netrw-D| |netrw-R| |netrw-v| ) The Netrw remote file and directory browser handles two protocols: ssh and ftp. The protocol in the url, if it is ftp, will cause netrw also to use ftp in its remote browsing. Specifying any other protocol will cause it to be used for file transfers; but the ssh protocol will be used to do remote browsing. To use Netrw's remote directory browser, simply attempt to read a "file" with a trailing slash and it will be interpreted as a request to list a directory: > vim [protocol]://[user@]hostname/path/ < where [protocol] is typically scp or ftp. As an example, try: > vim ftp://ftp.home.vim.org/pub/vim/ < For local directories, the trailing slash is not required. Again, because it's easy to miss: to browse remote directories, the url must terminate with a slash! If you'd like to avoid entering the password repeatedly for remote directory listings with ssh or scp, see |netrw-ssh-hack|. To avoid password entry with ftp, see |netrw-netrc| (if your ftp supports it). There are several things you can do to affect the browser's display of files: * To change the listing style, press the "i" key (|netrw-i|). Currently there are four styles: thin, long, wide, and tree. To make that change "permanent", see |g:netrw_liststyle|. * To hide files (don't want to see those xyz~ files anymore?) see |netrw-ctrl-h|. * Press s to sort files by name, time, or size. See |netrw-browse-cmds| for all the things you can do with netrw! *netrw-getftype* *netrw-filigree* *netrw-ftype* The |getftype()| function is used to append a bit of filigree to indicate filetype to locally listed files: directory : / executable : * fifo : | links : @ sockets : = The filigree also affects the |g:netrw_sort_sequence|. QUICK HELP *netrw-quickhelp* {{{2 (Use ctrl-] to select a topic)~ Intro to Browsing...............................|netrw-intro-browse| Quick Reference: Maps.........................|netrw-quickmap| Quick Reference: Commands.....................|netrw-browse-cmds| Hiding Edit hiding list..............................|netrw-ctrl-h| Hiding Files or Directories...................|netrw-a| Hiding/Unhiding by suffix.....................|netrw-mh| Hiding dot-files.............................|netrw-gh| Listing Style Select listing style (thin/long/wide/tree)....|netrw-i| Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_liststyle| Shell command used to perform listing.........|g:netrw_list_cmd| Quick file info...............................|netrw-qf| Sorted by Select sorting style (name/time/size).........|netrw-s| Editing the sorting sequence..................|netrw-S| Sorting options...............................|g:netrw_sort_options| Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_sort_sequence| Reverse sorting order.........................|netrw-r| *netrw-quickmap* *netrw-quickmaps* QUICK REFERENCE: MAPS *netrw-browse-maps* {{{2 > --- ----------------- ---- Map Quick Explanation Link --- ----------------- ---- < <F1> Causes Netrw to issue help <cr> Netrw will enter the directory or read the file |netrw-cr| <del> Netrw will attempt to remove the file/directory |netrw-del| - Makes Netrw go up one directory |netrw--| a Toggles between normal display, |netrw-a| hiding (suppress display of files matching g:netrw_list_hide) showing (display only files which match g:netrw_list_hide) c Make browsing directory the current directory |netrw-c| C Setting the editing window |netrw-C| d Make a directory |netrw-d| D Attempt to remove the file(s)/directory(ies) |netrw-D| gb Go to previous bookmarked directory |netrw-gb| gh Quick hide/unhide of dot-files |netrw-gh| <c-h> Edit file hiding list |netrw-ctrl-h| i Cycle between thin, long, wide, and tree listings |netrw-i| <c-l> Causes Netrw to refresh the directory listing |netrw-ctrl-l| mb Bookmark current directory |netrw-mb| mc Copy marked files to marked-file target directory |netrw-mc| md Apply diff to marked files (up to 3) |netrw-md| me Place marked files on arg list and edit them |netrw-me| mf Mark a file |netrw-mf| mh Toggle marked file suffices' presence on hiding list |netrw-mh| mm Move marked files to marked-file target directory |netrw-mm| mp Print marked files |netrw-mp| mr Mark files satisfying a shell-style |regexp| |netrw-mr| mt Current browsing directory becomes markfile target |netrw-mt| mT Apply ctags to marked files |netrw-mT| mu Unmark all marked files |netrw-mu| mx Apply arbitrary shell command to marked files |netrw-mx| mz Compress/decompress marked files |netrw-mz| o Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new |netrw-o| browser window. A horizontal split is used. O Obtain a file specified by cursor |netrw-O| p Preview the file |netrw-p| P Browse in the previously used window |netrw-P| qb List bookmarked directories and history |netrw-qb| qf Display information on file |netrw-qf| r Reverse sorting order |netrw-r| R Rename the designed file(s)/directory(ies) |netrw-R| s Select sorting style: by name, time, or file size |netrw-s| S Specify suffix priority for name-sorting |netrw-S| t Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new tab|netrw-t| u Change to recently-visited directory |netrw-u| U Change to subsequently-visited directory |netrw-U| v Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new |netrw-v| browser window. A vertical split is used. x View file with an associated program |netrw-x| X Execute filename under cursor via |system()| |netrw-X| % Open a new file in netrw's current directory |netrw-%| *netrw-mouse* *netrw-leftmouse* *netrw-middlemouse* *netrw-rightmouse* <leftmouse> (gvim only) selects word under mouse as if a <cr> had been pressed (ie. edit file, change directory) <middlemouse> (gvim only) same as P selecting word under mouse; see |netrw-P| <rightmouse> (gvim only) delete file/directory using word under mouse <2-leftmouse> (gvim only) when: * in a netrw-selected file, AND * |g:netrw_retmap| == 1 AND * the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse> mapping defined before netrw is autoloaded, then a double clicked leftmouse button will return to the netrw browser window. See |g:netrw_retmap|. <s-leftmouse> (gvim only) like mf, will mark files (to disable mouse buttons while browsing: |g:netrw_mousemaps|) *netrw-quickcom* *netrw-quickcoms* QUICK REFERENCE: COMMANDS *netrw-explore-cmds* *netrw-browse-cmds* {{{2 :NetrwClean[!] ...........................................|netrw-clean| :NetrwSettings ...........................................|netrw-settings| :Explore[!] [dir] Explore directory of current file......|netrw-explore| :Hexplore[!] [dir] Horizontal Split & Explore.............|netrw-explore| :Nexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore| :Pexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore| :Rexplore Return to Explorer.....................|netrw-explore| :Sexplore[!] [dir] Split & Explore directory .............|netrw-explore| :Texplore[!] [dir] Tab & Explore..........................|netrw-explore| :Vexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore| BOOKMARKING A DIRECTORY *netrw-mb* *netrw-bookmark* *netrw-bookmarks* {{{2 One may easily "bookmark" a directory by using > mb < Bookmarks are retained in between sessions in a $HOME/.netrwbook file, and are kept in sorted order. Related Topics: |netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark |netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks |netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks BROWSING *netrw-cr* {{{2 Browsing is simple: move the cursor onto a file or directory of interest. Hitting the <cr> (the return key) will select the file or directory. Directories will themselves be listed, and files will be opened using the protocol given in the original read request. CAVEAT: There are four forms of listing (see |netrw-i|). Netrw assumes that two or more spaces delimit filenames and directory names for the long and wide listing formats. Thus, if your filename or directory name has two or more sequential spaces embedded in it, or any trailing spaces, then you'll need to use the "thin" format to select it. The |g:netrw_browse_split| option, which is zero by default, may be used to cause the opening of files to be done in a new window or tab instead of the default. When the option is one or two, the splitting will be taken horizontally or vertically, respectively. When the option is set to three, a <cr> will cause the file to appear in a new tab. When using the gui (gvim), one may select a file by pressing the <leftmouse> button. In addition, if *|g:netrw_retmap| == 1 AND (its default value is 0) * in a netrw-selected file, AND * the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse> mapping defined before netrw is loaded then a doubly-clicked leftmouse button will return to the netrw browser window. Netrw attempts to speed up browsing, especially for remote browsing where one may have to enter passwords, by keeping and re-using previously obtained directory listing buffers. The |g:netrw_fastbrowse| variable is used to control this behavior; one may have slow browsing (no buffer re-use), medium speed browsing (re-use directory buffer listings only for remote directories), and fast browsing (re-use directory buffer listings as often as possible). The price for such re-use is that when changes are made (such as new files are introduced into a directory), the listing may become out-of-date. One may always refresh directory listing buffers by pressing ctrl-L (see |netrw-ctrl-l|). Related topics: |netrw-o| |netrw-p| |netrw-P| |netrw-t| |netrw-v| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_browse_split| |g:netrw_fastbrowse| |g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd| |g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd| |g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd| |g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject| |g:netrw_use_noswf| BROWSING WITH A HORIZONTALLY SPLIT WINDOW *netrw-o* *netrw-horiz* {{{2 Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. However, the "o" map allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file. A horizontal split is used. (for vertical splitting, see |netrw-v|) Normally, the o key splits the window horizontally with the new window and cursor at the top. Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_alto| |g:netrw_winsize| Related Actions |netrw-cr| |netrw-p| |netrw-t| |netrw-v| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_alto| control above/below splitting |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing BROWSING WITH A NEW TAB *netrw-t* Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. The "t" map allows one to open a new window holding the new directory listing or file in a new tab. If you'd like to have the new listing in a background tab, use |gT|. Related Actions |netrw-cr| |netrw-o| |netrw-p| |netrw-v| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing BROWSING WITH A VERTICALLY SPLIT WINDOW *netrw-v* {{{2 Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. However, the "v" map allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file. A vertical split is used. (for horizontal splitting, see |netrw-o|) Normally, the v key splits the window vertically with the new window and cursor at the left. There is only one tree listing buffer; using "v" on a displayed subdirectory will split the screen, but the same buffer will be shown twice. Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_altv| |g:netrw_winsize| Related Actions |netrw-cr| |netrw-o| |netrw-t| |netrw-v| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_altv| control right/left splitting |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing CHANGE LISTING STYLE (THIN LONG WIDE TREE) *netrw-i* {{{2 The "i" map cycles between the thin, long, wide, and tree listing formats. The thin listing format gives just the files' and directories' names. The long listing is either based on the "ls" command via ssh for remote directories or displays the filename, file size (in bytes), and the time and date of last modification for local directories. With the long listing format, netrw is not able to recognize filenames which have trailing spaces. Use the thin listing format for such files. The wide listing format uses two or more contiguous spaces to delineate filenames; when using that format, netrw won't be able to recognize or use filenames which have two or more contiguous spaces embedded in the name or any trailing spaces. The thin listing format will, however, work with such files. This listing format is the most compact. The tree listing format has a top directory followed by files and directories preceded by a "|". One may open and close directories by pressing the <cr> key while atop the directory name. One may make a preferred listing style your default; see |g:netrw_liststyle|. As an example, by putting the following line in your .vimrc, > let g:netrw_liststyle= 4 the tree style will become your default listing style. One typical way to use the netrw tree display is to: > vim . (use i until a tree display shows) navigate to a file v (edit as desired in vertically split window) ctrl-w h (to return to the netrw listing) P (edit newly selected file in the previous window) ctrl-w h (to return to the netrw listing) P (edit newly selected file in the previous window) ...etc... < Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_liststyle| |g:netrw_maxfilenamelen| |g:netrw_timefmt| |g:netrw_list_cmd| CHANGE FILE PERMISSION *netrw-gp* {{{2 "gp" will ask you for a new permission for the file named under the cursor. Currently, this only works for local files. Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_chgperm| CHANGING TO A BOOKMARKED DIRECTORY *netrw-gb* {{{2 To change directory back to a bookmarked directory, use {cnt}gb Any count may be used to reference any of the bookmarks. Note that |netrw-qb| shows both bookmarks and history; to go to a location stored in the history see |netrw-u| and |netrw-U|. Related Topics: |netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks |netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark |netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks CHANGING TO A PREDECESSOR DIRECTORY *netrw-u* *netrw-updir* {{{2 Every time you change to a new directory (new for the current session), netrw will save the directory in a recently-visited directory history list (unless |g:netrw_dirhistmax| is zero; by default, it's ten). With the "u" map, one can change to an earlier directory (predecessor). To do the opposite, see |netrw-U|. The "u" map also accepts counts to go back in the history several slots. For your convenience, |netrw-qb| lists the history number which can be re-used in that count. See |g:netrw_dirhistmax| for how to control the quantity of history stack slots. CHANGING TO A SUCCESSOR DIRECTORY *netrw-U* *netrw-downdir* {{{2 With the "U" map, one can change to a later directory (successor). This map is the opposite of the "u" map. (see |netrw-u|) Use the q map to list both the bookmarks and history. (see |netrw-qb|) The "U" map also accepts counts to go forward in the history several slots. See |g:netrw_dirhistmax| for how to control the quantity of history stack slots. NETRW CLEAN *netrw-clean* *:NetrwClean* With :NetrwClean one may easily remove netrw from one's home directory; more precisely, from the first directory on your |'runtimepath'|. With :NetrwClean!, netrw will remove netrw from all directories on your |'runtimepath'|. With either form of the command, netrw will first ask for confirmation that the removal is in fact what you want to do. If netrw doesn't have permission to remove a file, it will issue an error message. *netrw-gx* CUSTOMIZING BROWSING WITH A USER FUNCTION *netrw-x* *netrw-handler* {{{2 (also see |netrw_filehandler|) Certain files, such as html, gif, jpeg, (word/office) doc, etc, files, are best seen with a special handler (ie. a tool provided with your computer). Netrw allows one to invoke such special handlers by: > * when Exploring, hit the "x" key * when editing, hit gx with the cursor atop the special filename < (not available if the |g:netrw_nogx| variable exists) Netrw determines which special handler by the following method: * if |g:netrw_browsex_viewer| exists, then it will be used to attempt to view files. Examples of useful settings (place into your <.vimrc>): > :let g:netrw_browsex_viewer= "kfmclient exec" < or > :let g:netrw_browsex_viewer= "gnome-open" < If g:netrw_browsex_viewer == '-', then netrwFileHandler() will be invoked first (see |netrw_filehandler|). * for Windows 32 or 64, the url and FileProtocolHandler dlls are used. * for Gnome (with gnome-open): gnome-open is used. * for KDE (with kfmclient) : kfmclient is used. * for Mac OS X : open is used. * otherwise the netrwFileHandler plugin is used. The file's suffix is used by these various approaches to determine an appropriate application to use to "handle" these files. Such things as OpenOffice (*.sfx), visualization (*.jpg, *.gif, etc), and PostScript (*.ps, *.eps) can be handled. *netrw_filehandler* The "x" map applies a function to a file, based on its extension. Of course, the handler function must exist for it to be called! > Ex. mypgm.html x -> NFH_html("scp://user@host/some/path/mypgm.html") < Users may write their own netrw File Handler functions to support more suffixes with special handling. See <autoload/netrwFileHandlers.vim> for examples on how to make file handler functions. As an example: > " NFH_suffix(filename) fun! NFH_suffix(filename) ..do something special with filename.. endfun < These functions need to be defined in some file in your .vim/plugin (vimfiles\plugin) directory. Vim's function names may not have punctuation characters (except for the underscore) in them. To support suffices that contain such characters, netrw will first convert the suffix using the following table: > @ -> AT ! -> EXCLAMATION % -> PERCENT : -> COLON = -> EQUAL ? -> QUESTION , -> COMMA - -> MINUS ; -> SEMICOLON $ -> DOLLAR + -> PLUS ~ -> TILDE < So, for example: > file.rcs,v -> NFH_rcsCOMMAv() < If more such translations are necessary, please send me email: > NdrOchip at ScampbellPfamily.AbizM - NOSPAM with a request. Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_browsex_viewer| *netrw-curdir* DELETING BOOKMARKS *netrw-mB* {{{2 To delete a bookmark, use > {cnt}mB < Related Topics: |netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark |netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark |netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks DELETING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-delete* *netrw-D* *netrw-del* {{{2 If files have not been marked with |netrw-mf|: (local marked file list) Deleting/removing files and directories involves moving the cursor to the file/directory to be deleted and pressing "D". Directories must be empty first before they can be successfully removed. If the directory is a softlink to a directory, then netrw will make two requests to remove the directory before succeeding. Netrw will ask for confirmation before doing the removal(s). You may select a range of lines with the "V" command (visual selection), and then pressing "D". If files have been marked with |netrw-mf|: (local marked file list) Marked files (and empty directories) will be deleted; again, you'll be asked to confirm the deletion before it actually takes place. The |g:netrw_rm_cmd|, |g:netrw_rmf_cmd|, and |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| variables are used to control the attempts to remove files and directories. The g:netrw_rm_cmd is used with files, and its default value is: g:netrw_rm_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rm The g:netrw_rmdir_cmd variable is used to support the removal of directories. Its default value is: g:netrw_rmdir_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rmdir If removing a directory fails with g:netrw_rmdir_cmd, netrw then will attempt to remove it again using the g:netrw_rmf_cmd variable. Its default value is: g:netrw_rmf_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rm -f Related topics: |netrw-d| Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_localrmdir| |g:netrw_rm_cmd| |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd| *netrw-explore* *netrw-hexplore* *netrw-nexplore* *netrw-pexplore* *netrw-rexplore* *netrw-sexplore* *netrw-texplore* *netrw-vexplore* DIRECTORY EXPLORATION COMMANDS {{{2 :[N]Explore[!] [dir]... Explore directory of current file *:Explore* :[N]Hexplore[!] [dir]... Horizontal Split & Explore *:Hexplore* :Rexplore ... Return to Explorer *:Rexplore* :[N]Sexplore[!] [dir]... Split&Explore current file's directory *:Sexplore* :Texplore [dir]... Tab & Explore *:Texplore* :[N]Vexplore[!] [dir]... Vertical Split & Explore *:Vexplore* Used with :Explore **/pattern : (also see |netrw-starstar|) :Nexplore............. go to next matching file *:Nexplore* :Pexplore............. go to previous matching file *:Pexplore* :Explore will open the local-directory browser on the current file's directory (or on directory [dir] if specified). The window will be split only if the file has been modified, otherwise the browsing window will take over that window. Normally the splitting is taken horizontally. :Explore! is like :Explore, but will use vertical splitting. :Sexplore will always split the window before invoking the local-directory browser. As with Explore, the splitting is normally done horizontally. :Sexplore! [dir] is like :Sexplore, but the splitting will be done vertically. :Hexplore [dir] does an :Explore with |:belowright| horizontal splitting. :Hexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:aboveleft| horizontal splitting. :Vexplore [dir] does an :Explore with |:leftabove| vertical splitting. :Vexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:rightbelow| vertical splitting. :Texplore [dir] does a tabnew before generating the browser window By default, these commands use the current file's directory. However, one may explicitly provide a directory (path) to use. The [N] will override |g:netrw_winsize| to specify the quantity of rows and/or columns the new explorer window should have. Otherwise, the |g:netrw_winsize| variable, if it has been specified by the user, is used to control the quantity of rows and/or columns new explorer windows should have. :Rexplore This command is a little different from the others. When one edits a file, for example by pressing <cr> when atop a file in a netrw browser window, :Rexplore will return the display to that of the last netrw browser window. It is a command version of the <2-leftmouse> map (which is only available under gvim and cooperative terms). *netrw-star* *netrw-starpat* *netrw-starstar* *netrw-starstarpat* EXPLORING WITH STARS AND PATTERNS When Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, or Vexplore are used with one of the following four styles, Explore generates a list of files which satisfy the request. > */filepat files in current directory which satisfy filepat **/filepat files in current directory or below which satisfy the file pattern *//pattern files in the current directory which contain the pattern (vimgrep is used) **//pattern files in the current directory or below which contain the pattern (vimgrep is used) < The cursor will be placed on the first file in the list. One may then continue to go to subsequent files on that list via |:Nexplore| or to preceding files on that list with |:Pexplore|. Explore will update the directory and place the cursor appropriately. A plain > :Explore will clear the explore list. If your console or gui produces recognizable shift-up or shift-down sequences, then you'll likely find using shift-downarrow and shift-uparrow convenient. They're mapped by netrw: <s-down> == Nexplore, and <s-up> == Pexplore. As an example, consider > :Explore */*.c :Nexplore :Nexplore :Pexplore < The status line will show, on the right hand side of the status line, a message like "Match 3 of 20". Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_keepdir| |g:netrw_browse_split| |g:netrw_fastbrowse| |g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject| |g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd| |g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd| |g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd| |g:netrw_list_cmd| |g:netrw_liststyle| DISPLAYING INFORMATION ABOUT FILE *netrw-qf* {{{2 With the cursor atop a filename, pressing "qf" will reveal the file's size and last modification timestamp. Currently this capability is only available for local files. EDIT FILE OR DIRECTORY HIDING LIST *netrw-ctrl-h* *netrw-edithide* {{{2 The "<ctrl-h>" map brings up a requestor allowing the user to change the file/directory hiding list contained in |g:netrw_list_hide|. The hiding list consists of one or more patterns delimited by commas. Files and/or directories satisfying these patterns will either be hidden (ie. not shown) or be the only ones displayed (see |netrw-a|). The "gh" mapping (see |netrw-gh|) quickly alternates between the usual hiding list and the hiding of files or directories that begin with ".". As an example, > let g:netrw_list_hide= '\(^\|\s\s\)\zs\.\S\+' Effectively, this makes the effect of a |netrw-gh| command the initial setting. What it means: \(^\|\s\s\) : if the line begins with the following, -or- two consecutive spaces are encountered \zs : start the hiding match now \. : if it now begins with a dot \S\+ : and is followed by one or more non-whitespace characters Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_hide| |g:netrw_list_hide| Associated topics: |netrw-a| |netrw-gh| |netrw-mh| *netrw-sort-sequence* EDITING THE SORTING SEQUENCE *netrw-S* *netrw-sortsequence* {{{2 When "Sorted by" is name, one may specify priority via the sorting sequence (g:netrw_sort_sequence). The sorting sequence typically prioritizes the name-listing by suffix, although any pattern will do. Patterns are delimited by commas. The default sorting sequence is (all one line): For Unix: > '[\/]$,\<core\%(\.\d\+\)\=,\.[a-np-z]$,\.h$,\.c$,\.cpp$,*,\.o$,\.obj$, \.info$,\.swp$,\.bak$,\~$' < Otherwise: > '[\/]$,\.[a-np-z]$,\.h$,\.c$,\.cpp$,*,\.o$,\.obj$,\.info$, \.swp$,\.bak$,\~$' < The lone * is where all filenames not covered by one of the other patterns will end up. One may change the sorting sequence by modifying the g:netrw_sort_sequence variable (either manually or in your <.vimrc>) or by using the "S" map. Related topics: |netrw-s| |netrw-S| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_sort_sequence| |g:netrw_sort_options| EXECUTING FILE UNDER CURSOR VIA SYSTEM() *netrw-X* Pressing X while the cursor is atop an executable file will yield a prompt using the filename asking for any arguments. Upon pressing a [return], netrw will then call |system()| with that command and arguments. The result will be displayed by |:echomsg|, and so |:messages| will repeat display of the result. Ansi escape sequences will be stripped out. FORCING TREATMENT AS A FILE OR DIRECTORY *netrw-gd* *netrw-gf* {{{2 Remote symbolic links (ie. those listed via ssh or ftp) are problematic in that it is difficult to tell whether they link to a file or to a directory. To force treatment as a file: use > gf < To force treatment as a directory: use > gd < GOING UP *netrw--* {{{2 To go up a directory, press "-" or press the <cr> when atop the ../ directory entry in the listing. Netrw will use the command in |g:netrw_list_cmd| to perform the directory listing operation after changing HOSTNAME to the host specified by the user-provided url. By default netrw provides the command as: ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa where the HOSTNAME becomes the [user@]hostname as requested by the attempt to read. Naturally, the user may override this command with whatever is preferred. The NetList function which implements remote browsing expects that directories will be flagged by a trailing slash. HIDING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-a* *netrw-hiding* {{{2 Netrw's browsing facility allows one to use the hiding list in one of three ways: ignore it, hide files which match, and show only those files which match. If no files have been marked via |netrw-mf|: The "a" map allows the user to cycle through the three hiding modes. The |g:netrw_list_hide| variable holds a comma delimited list of patterns based on regular expressions (ex. ^.*\.obj$,^\.) which specify the hiding list. (also see |netrw-ctrl-h|) To set the hiding list, use the <c-h> map. As an example, to hide files which begin with a ".", one may use the <c-h> map to set the hiding list to '^\..*' (or one may put let g:netrw_list_hide= '^\..*' in one's <.vimrc>). One may then use the "a" key to show all files, hide matching files, or to show only the matching files. Example: \.[ch]$ This hiding list command will hide/show all *.c and *.h files. Example: \.c$,\.h$ This hiding list command will also hide/show all *.c and *.h files. Don't forget to use the "a" map to select the mode (normal/hiding/show) you want! If files have been marked using |netrw-mf|, then this command will: if showing all files or non-hidden files: modify the g:netrw_list_hide list by appending the marked files to it and showing only non-hidden files. else if showing hidden files only: modify the g:netrw_list_hide list by removing the marked files from it and showing only non-hidden files. endif *netrw-gh* *netrw-hide* As a quick shortcut, one may press > gh to toggle between hiding files which begin with a period (dot) and not hiding them. Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_list_hide| |g:netrw_hide| Associated topics: |netrw-a| |netrw-ctrl-h| |netrw-mh| IMPROVING BROWSING *netrw-listhack* *netrw-ssh-hack* {{{2 Especially with the remote directory browser, constantly entering the password is tedious. For Linux/Unix systems, the book "Linux Server Hacks - 100 industrial strength tips & tools" by Rob Flickenger (O'Reilly, ISBN 0-596-00461-3) gives a tip for setting up no-password ssh and scp and discusses associated security issues. It used to be available at http://hacks.oreilly.com/pub/h/66 , but apparently that address is now being redirected to some "hackzine". I'll attempt a summary based on that article and on a communication from Ben Schmidt: 1. Generate a public/private key pair on the local machine (ssh client): > ssh-keygen -t rsa (saving the file in ~/.ssh/id_rsa as prompted) < 2. Just hit the <CR> when asked for passphrase (twice) for no passphrase. If you do use a passphrase, you will also need to use ssh-agent so you only have to type the passphrase once per session. If you don't use a passphrase, simply logging onto your local computer or getting access to the keyfile in any way will suffice to access any ssh servers which have that key authorized for login. 3. This creates two files: > ~/.ssh/id_rsa ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub < 4. On the target machine (ssh server): > cd mkdir -p .ssh chmod 0700 .ssh < 5. On your local machine (ssh client): (one line) > ssh {serverhostname} cat '>>' '~/.ssh/authorized_keys2' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub < or, for OpenSSH, (one line) > ssh {serverhostname} cat '>>' '~/.ssh/authorized_keys' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub < You can test it out with > ssh {serverhostname} and you should be log onto the server machine without further need to type anything. If you decided to use a passphrase, do: > ssh-agent $SHELL ssh-add ssh {serverhostname} You will be prompted for your key passphrase when you use ssh-add, but not subsequently when you use ssh. For use with vim, you can use > ssh-agent vim and, when next within vim, use > :!ssh-add Alternatively, you can apply ssh-agent to the terminal you're planning on running vim in: > ssh-agent xterm & and do ssh-add whenever you need. For Windows, folks on the vim mailing list have mentioned that Pageant helps with avoiding the constant need to enter the password. Kingston Fung wrote about another way to avoid constantly needing to enter passwords: In order to avoid the need to type in the password for scp each time, you provide a hack in the docs to set up a non password ssh account. I found a better way to do that: I can use a regular ssh account which uses a password to access the material without the need to key-in the password each time. It's good for security and convenience. I tried ssh public key authorization + ssh-agent, implementing this, and it works! Here are two links with instructions: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-keyc2/ http://sial.org/howto/openssh/publickey-auth/ LISTING BOOKMARKS AND HISTORY *netrw-qb* *netrw-listbookmark* {{{2 Pressing "qb" (query bookmarks) will list both the bookmarked directories and directory traversal history. Related Topics: |netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark |netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark |netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks |netrw-u| change to a predecessor directory via the history stack |netrw-U| change to a successor directory via the history stack MAKING A NEW DIRECTORY *netrw-d* {{{2 With the "d" map one may make a new directory either remotely (which depends on the global variable g:netrw_mkdir_cmd) or locally (which depends on the global variable g:netrw_localmkdir). Netrw will issue a request for the new directory's name. A bare <CR> at that point will abort the making of the directory. Attempts to make a local directory that already exists (as either a file or a directory) will be detected, reported on, and ignored. Related topics: |netrw-D| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_localmkdir| |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd| |g:netrw_remote_mkdir| MAKING THE BROWSING DIRECTORY THE CURRENT DIRECTORY *netrw-c* {{{2 By default, |g:netrw_keepdir| is 1. This setting means that the current directory will not track the browsing directory. (done for backwards compatibility with v6's file explorer). Setting g:netrw_keepdir to 0 tells netrw to make vim's current directory track netrw's browsing directory. However, given the default setting for g:netrw_keepdir of 1 where netrw maintains its own separate notion of the current directory, in order to make the two directories the same, use the "c" map (just type c). That map will set Vim's notion of the current directory to netrw's current browsing directory. Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_keepdir| MARKING FILES *netrw-mf* {{{2 (also see |netrw-mr|) One may mark files with the cursor atop a filename and then pressing "mf". With gvim, one may also mark files with <s-leftmouse>. The following netrw maps make use of marked files: |netrw-a| Hide marked files/directories |netrw-D| Delete marked files/directories |netrw-mc| Copy marked files to target |netrw-md| Apply vimdiff to marked files |netrw-me| Edit marked files |netrw-mF| Unmark marked files |netrw-mg| Apply vimgrep to marked files |netrw-mm| Move marked files |netrw-mp| Print marked files |netrw-mt| Set target for |netrw-mm| and |netrw-mc| |netrw-mT| Generate tags using marked files |netrw-mx| Apply shell command to marked files |netrw-mz| Compress/Decompress marked files |netrw-qF| Mark files using quickfix list |netrw-O| Obtain marked files |netrw-R| Rename marked files One may unmark files one at a time the same way one marks them; ie. place the cursor atop a marked file and press "mf". This process also works with <s-leftmouse> using gvim. One may unmark all files by pressing "mu" (see |netrw-mu|). Marked files are highlighted using the "netrwMarkFile" highlighting group, which by default is linked to "Identifier" (see Identifier under |group-name|). You may change the highlighting group by putting something like > highlight clear netrwMarkFile hi link netrwMarkFile ..whatever.. < into $HOME/.vim/after/syntax/netrw.vim . *markfilelist* *global_markfilelist* *local_markfilelist* All marked files are entered onto the global marked file list; there is only one such list. In addition, every netrw buffer also has its own local marked file list; since netrw buffers are associated with specific directories, this means that each directory has its own local marked file list. The various commands which operate on marked files use one or the other of the marked file lists. UNMARKING FILES *netrw-mF* {{{2 (also see |netrw-mf|) This command will unmark all files in the current buffer. One may also use mf (|netrw-mf|) on a specific file to unmark just that file. MARKING FILES BY QUICKFIX LIST *netrw-qF* (also see |netrw-mf|) One may convert the |quickfix-error-lists| into a marked file list using "qF". You may then proceed with commands such as me (|netrw-me|) to edit them. Quickfix error lists are generated, for example, by calls to |:vimgrep|. MARKING FILES BY REGULAR EXPRESSION *netrw-mr* {{{2 (also see |netrw-mf|) One may also mark files by pressing "mr"; netrw will then issue a prompt, "Enter regexp: ". You may then enter a shell-style regular expression such as *.c$ (see |glob()|). For remote systems, glob() doesn't work -- so netrw converts "*" into ".*" (see |regexp|) and marks files based on that. In the future I may make it possible to use |regexp|s instead of glob()-style expressions (yet-another-option). MARKED FILES: ARBITRARY COMMAND *netrw-mx* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the local marked-file list) Upon activation of the "mx" map, netrw will query the user for some (external) command to be applied to all marked files. All "%"s in the command will be substituted with the name of each marked file in turn. If no "%"s are in the command, then the command will be followed by a space and a marked filename. MARKED FILES: COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION *netrw-mz* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the local marked file list) If any marked files are compressed, then "mz" will decompress them. If any marked files are decompressed, then "mz" will compress them using the command specified by |g:netrw_compress|; by default, that's "gzip". For decompression, netrw provides a |Dictionary| of suffices and their associated decompressing utilities; see |g:netrw_decompress|. Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_compress| |g:netrw_decompress| MARKED FILES: COPYING *netrw-mc* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (Uses the global marked file list) Select a target directory with mt (|netrw-mt|). Then change directory, select file(s) (see |netrw-mf|), and press "mc". The copy is done from the current window (where one does the mf) to the target. Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_localcopycmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd| MARKED FILES: DIFF *netrw-md* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the global marked file list) Use |vimdiff| to visualize difference between selected files (two or three may be selected for this). Uses the global marked file list. MARKED FILES: EDITING *netrw-me* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the global marked file list) This command will place the marked files on the |arglist| and commence editing them. One may return the to explorer window with |:Rexplore|. (use |:n| and |:p| to edit next and previous files in the arglist) MARKED FILES: GREP *netrw-mg* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the global marked file list) This command will apply |:vimgrep| to the marked files. The command will ask for the requested pattern; one may then enter: > /pattern/[g][j] ! /pattern/[g][j] pattern < In the cases of "j" option usage as shown above, "mg" will winnow the current marked file list to just those possessing the specified pattern. Thus, one may use > mr ...file-pattern mg ..contents-pattern to have a marked file list satisfying the file-pattern but containing the desried contents-pattern. MARKED FILES: HIDING AND UNHIDING BY SUFFIX *netrw-mh* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the local marked file list) This command extracts the suffices of the marked files and toggles their presence on the hiding list. Please note that marking the same suffix this way multiple times will result in the suffix's presence being toggled for each file (so an even quantity of marked files having the same suffix is the same as not having bothered to select them at all). Related topics: |netrw-a| |g:netrw_list_hide| MARKED FILES: MOVING *netrw-mm* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the global marked file list) WARNING: moving files is more dangerous than copying them. A file being moved is first copied and then deleted; if the copy operation fails and the delete succeeds, you will lose the file. Either try things out with unimportant files first or do the copy and then delete yourself using mc and D. Use at your own risk! Select a target directory with mt (|netrw-mt|). Then change directory, select file(s) (see |netrw-mf|), and press "mm". The move is done from the current window (where one does the mf) to the target. Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_localmovecmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd| MARKED FILES: PRINTING *netrw-mp* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the local marked file list) Netrw will apply the |:hardcopy| command to marked files. What it does is open each file in a one-line window, execute hardcopy, then close the one-line window. MARKED FILES: SOURCING *netrw-ms* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the local marked file list) Netrw will source the marked files (using vim's |:source| command) MARKED FILES: SETTING THE TARGET DIRECTORY *netrw-mt* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) Set the marked file copy/move-to target (see |netrw-mc| and |netrw-mm|): * If the cursor is atop a file name, then the netrw window's currently displayed directory is used for the copy/move-to target. * Also, if the cursor is in the banner, then the netrw window's currently displayed directory is used for the copy/move-to target. Unless the target already is the current directory. In which case, remove the target. * However, if the cursor is atop a directory name, then that directory is used for the copy/move-to target There is only one copy/move-to target per vim session; ie. the target is a script variable (see |s:var|) and is shared between all netrw windows (in an instance of vim). When using menus and gvim, netrw provides a "Targets" entry which allows one to pick a target from the list of bookmarks and history. Related topics: Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf| Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr| Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks.....|netrw-Tb| Marked Files: Target Directory Using History.......|netrw-Th| MARKED FILES: TAGGING *netrw-mT* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) (uses the global marked file list) The "mT" mapping will apply the command in |g:netrw_ctags| (by default, it is "ctags") to marked files. For remote browsing, in order to create a tags file netrw will use ssh (see |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|), and so ssh must be available for this to work on remote systems. For your local system, see |ctags| on how to get a version. I myself use hdrtags, currently available at http://www.drchip.org/astronaut/src/index.html , and have > let g:netrw_ctags= "hdrtag" < in my <.vimrc>. When a remote set of files are tagged, the resulting tags file is "obtained"; ie. a copy is transferred to the local system's directory. The local tags file is then modified so that one may use it through the network. The modification is concerns the names of the files in the tags; each filename is preceded by the netrw-compatible url used to obtain it. When one subsequently uses one of the go to tag actions (|tags|), the url will be used by netrw to edit the desired file and go to the tag. Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_ctags| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd| MARKED FILES: TARGET DIRECTORY USING BOOKMARKS *netrw-Tb* {{{2 Sets the marked file copy/move-to target (see |netrw-mc| and |netrw-mm|). The |netrw-qb| map will give you a list of bookmarks (and history). One may choose one of the bookmarks to become your marked file target by using [count]Tb (default count: 1). Related topics: Listing Bookmarks and History......................|netrw-qb| Marked Files: Setting The Target Directory.........|netrw-mt| Marked Files: Target Directory Using History.......|netrw-Th| Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf| Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr| MARKED FILES: TARGET DIRECTORY USING HISTORY *netrw-Th* {{{2 Sets the marked file copy/move-to target (see |netrw-mc| and |netrw-mm|). The |netrw-qb| map will give you a list of history (and bookmarks). One may choose one of the history entries to become your marked file target by using [count]Th (default count: 0; ie. the current directory). Related topics: Listing Bookmarks and History......................|netrw-qb| Marked Files: Setting The Target Directory.........|netrw-mt| Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks.....|netrw-Tb| Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf| Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr| MARKED FILES: UNMARKING *netrw-mu* {{{2 (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files) The "mu" mapping will unmark all currently marked files. *netrw-browser-settings* NETRW BROWSER VARIABLES *netrw-browser-options* *netrw-browser-var* {{{2 (if you're interested in the netrw file transfer settings, see |netrw-options| and |netrw-protocol|) The <netrw.vim> browser provides settings in the form of variables which you may modify; by placing these settings in your <.vimrc>, you may customize your browsing preferences. (see also: |netrw-settings|) > --- ----------- Var Explanation --- ----------- < *g:netrw_alto* change from above splitting to below splitting by setting this variable (see |netrw-o|) default: =&sb (see |'sb'|) *g:netrw_altv* change from left splitting to right splitting by setting this variable (see |netrw-v|) default: =&spr (see |'spr'|) *g:netrw_banner* enable/suppress the banner =0: suppress the banner =1: banner is enabled (default) NOTE: suppressing the banner is a new feature which may cause problems. *g:netrw_bannerbackslash* if this variable exists and is not zero, the banner will be displayed with backslashes rather than forward slashes. *g:netrw_browse_split* when browsing, <cr> will open the file by: =0: re-using the same window =1: horizontally splitting the window first =2: vertically splitting the window first =3: open file in new tab =4: act like "P" (ie. open previous window) Note that |g:netrw_preview| may be used to get vertical splitting instead of horizontal splitting. *g:netrw_browsex_viewer* specify user's preference for a viewer: > "kfmclient exec" "gnome-open" < If > "-" < is used, then netrwFileHandler() will look for a script/function to handle the given extension. (see |netrw_filehandler|). *g:netrw_chgperm* Unix/Linux: "chmod PERM FILENAME" Windows: "cacls FILENAME /e /p PERM" Used to change access permission for a file. *g:netrw_compress* ="gzip" Will compress marked files with this command *g:Netrw_corehandler* Allows one to specify something additional to do when handling <core> files via netrw's browser's "x" command (see |netrw-x|). If present, g:Netrw_corehandler specifies either one or more function references (see |Funcref|). (the capital g:Netrw... is required its holding a function reference) *g:netrw_ctags* ="ctags" The default external program used to create tags *g:netrw_cursor* = 2 (default) This option controls the use of the |'cursorline'| (cul) and |'cursorcolumn'| (cuc) settings by netrw: Value Thin-Long-Tree Wide =0 u-cul u-cuc u-cul u-cuc =1 u-cul u-cuc cul u-cuc =2 cul u-cuc cul u-cuc =3 cul u-cuc cul cuc =4 cul cuc cul cuc Where u-cul : user's |'cursorline'| setting used u-cuc : user's |'cursorcolumn'| setting used cul : |'cursorline'| locally set cuc : |'cursorcolumn'| locally set *g:netrw_decompress* = { ".gz" : "gunzip" , ".bz2" : "bunzip2" , ".zip" : "unzip" , ".tar" : "tar -xf"} A dictionary mapping suffices to decompression programs. *g:netrw_dirhistmax* =10: controls maximum quantity of past history. May be zero to supppress history. (related: |netrw-qb| |netrw-u| |netrw-U|) *g:netrw_dynamic_maxfilenamelen* =32: enables dynamic determination of |g:netrw_maxfilenamelen|, which affects local file long listing. *g:netrw_errorlvl* =0: error levels greater than or equal to this are permitted to be displayed 0: notes 1: warnings 2: errors *g:netrw_fastbrowse* =0: slow speed directory browsing; never re-uses directory listings, always obtains directory listings. =1: medium speed directory browsing; re-use directory listings only when remote directory browsing. (default value) =2: fast directory browsing; only obtains directory listings when the directory hasn't been seen before (or |netrw-ctrl-l| is used). Fast browsing retains old directory listing buffers so that they don't need to be re-acquired. This feature is especially important for remote browsing. However, if a file is introduced or deleted into or from such directories, the old directory buffer becomes out-of-date. One may always refresh such a directory listing with |netrw-ctrl-l|. This option gives the user the choice of trading off accuracy (ie. up-to-date listing) versus speed. *g:netrw_fname_escape* =' ?&;%' Used on filenames before remote reading/writing *g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject* ftp can produce a number of errors and warnings that can show up as "directories" and "files" in the listing. This pattern is used to remove such embedded messages. By default its value is: '^total\s\+\d\+$\| ^Trying\s\+\d\+.*$\| ^KERBEROS_V\d rejected\| ^Security extensions not\| No such file\| : connect to address [0-9a-fA-F:]* : No route to host$' *g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd* options for passing along to ftp for directory listing. Defaults: unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -lF" otherwise "dir" *g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd* options for passing along to ftp for directory listing, sorted by size of file. Defaults: unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -slF" otherwise "dir" *g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd* options for passing along to ftp for directory listing, sorted by time of last modification. Defaults: unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -tlF" otherwise "dir" *g:netrw_glob_escape* ='[]*?`{~$' (unix) ='[]*?`{$' (windows These characters in directory names are escaped before applying glob() *g:netrw_hide* Controlled by the "a" map (see |netrw-a|) =0 : show all =1 : show not-hidden files =2 : show hidden files only default: =0 *g:netrw_home* The home directory for where bookmarks and history are saved (as .netrwbook and .netrwhist). default: the first directory on the |'runtimepath'| *g:netrw_keepdir* =1 (default) keep current directory immune from the browsing directory. =0 keep the current directory the same as the browsing directory. The current browsing directory is contained in b:netrw_curdir (also see |netrw-c|) *g:netrw_list_cmd* command for listing remote directories default: (if ssh is executable) "ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa" *g:netrw_liststyle* Set the default listing style: = 0: thin listing (one file per line) = 1: long listing (one file per line with time stamp information and file size) = 2: wide listing (multiple files in columns) = 3: tree style listing *g:netrw_list_hide* comma separated pattern list for hiding files Patterns are regular expressions (see |regexp|) Example: let g:netrw_list_hide= '.*\.swp$' default: "" *g:netrw_localcopycmd* ="cp" Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin ="copy" Windows Copies marked files (|netrw-mf|) to target directory (|netrw-mt|, |netrw-mc|) *g:netrw_localmkdir* command for making a local directory default: "mkdir" *g:netrw_localmovecmd* ="mv" Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin ="move" Windows Moves marked files (|netrw-mf|) to target directory (|netrw-mt|, |netrw-mm|) *g:netrw_localrmdir* remove directory command (rmdir) default: "rmdir" *g:netrw_maxfilenamelen* =32 by default, selected so as to make long listings fit on 80 column displays. If your screen is wider, and you have file or directory names longer than 32 bytes, you may set this option to keep listings columnar. *g:netrw_mkdir_cmd* command for making a remote directory via ssh (also see |g:netrw_remote_mkdir|) default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME mkdir" *g:netrw_mousemaps* =1 (default) enables mouse buttons while browsing to: leftmouse : open file/directory shift-leftmouse : mark file middlemouse : same as P rightmouse : remove file/directory =0: disables mouse maps *g:netrw_nobeval* doesn't exist (default) If this variable exists, then balloon evaluation will be suppressed (see |'ballooneval'|) *g:netrw_remote_mkdir* command for making a local directory via ftp (also see |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|) default: "mkdir" *g:netrw_retmap* if it exists and is set to one, then: * if in a netrw-selected file, AND * no normal-mode <2-leftmouse> mapping exists, then the <2-leftmouse> will be mapped for easy return to the netrw browser window. example: click once to select and open a file, double-click to return. Note that one may instead choose to: * let g:netrw_retmap= 1, AND * nmap <silent> YourChoice <Plug>NetrwReturn and have another mapping instead of <2-leftmouse> to invoke the return. You may also use the |:Rexplore| command to do the same thing. default: =0 *g:netrw_rm_cmd* command for removing files default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rm" *g:netrw_rmdir_cmd* command for removing directories default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rmdir" *g:netrw_rmf_cmd* command for removing softlinks default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rm -f" *g:netrw_sort_by* sort by "name", "time", or "size" default: "name" *g:netrw_sort_direction* sorting direction: "normal" or "reverse" default: "normal" *g:netrw_sort_options* sorting is done using |:sort|; this variable's value is appended to the sort command. Thus one may ignore case, for example, with the following in your .vimrc: > let g:netrw_sort_options="i" < default: "" *g:netrw_sort_sequence* when sorting by name, first sort by the comma-separated pattern sequence. Note that the filigree added to indicate filetypes should be accounted for in your pattern. default: '[\/]$,*,\.bak$,\.o$,\.h$, \.info$,\.swp$,\.obj$' *g:netrw_special_syntax* If true, then certain files will be shown using special syntax in the browser: netrwBak : *.bak netrwCompress: *.gz *.bz2 *.Z *.zip netrwData : *.dat netrwHdr : *.h netrwLib : *.a *.so *.lib *.dll netrwMakefile: [mM]akefile *.mak netrwObj : *.o *.obj netrwTags : tags ANmenu ANtags netrwTilde : *~ netrwTmp : tmp* *tmp These syntax highlighting groups are linked to Folded or DiffChange by default (see |hl-Folded| and |hl-DiffChange|), but one may put lines like > hi link netrwCompress Visual < into one's <.vimrc> to use one's own preferences. *g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject* ssh can sometimes produce unwanted lines, messages, banners, and whatnot that one doesn't want masquerading as "directories" and "files". Use this pattern to remove such embedded messages. By default its value is: '^total\s\+\d\+$' *g:netrw_ssh_cmd* One may specify an executable command to use instead of ssh for remote actions such as listing, file removal, etc. default: ssh *g:netrw_tmpfile_escape* =' &;' escape() is applied to all temporary files to escape these characters. *g:netrw_timefmt* specify format string to vim's strftime(). The default, "%c", is "the preferred date and time representation for the current locale" according to my manpage entry for strftime(); however, not all are satisfied with it. Some alternatives: "%a %d %b %Y %T", " %a %Y-%m-%d %I-%M-%S %p" default: "%c" *g:netrw_use_noswf* netrw normally avoids writing swapfiles for browser buffers. However, under some systems this apparently is causing nasty ml_get errors to appear; if you're getting ml_get errors, try putting let g:netrw_use_noswf= 0 in your .vimrc. *g:netrw_winsize* specify initial size of new windows made with "o" (see |netrw-o|), "v" (see |netrw-v|), |:Hexplore| or |:Vexplore|. The g:netrw_winsize is an integer describing the percentage of the current netrw buffer's window to be used for the new window. If g:netrw_winsize is less than zero, then the absolute value of g:netrw_winsize lines or columns will be used for the new window. default: 50 (for 50%) *g:netrw_xstrlen* Controls how netrw computes string lengths, including multi-byte characters' string length. (thanks to N Weibull, T Mechelynck) =0: uses Vim's built-in strlen() =1: number of codepoints (Latin a + combining circumflex is two codepoints) (DEFAULT) =2: number of spacing codepoints (Latin a + combining circumflex is one spacing codepoint; a hard tab is one; wide and narrow CJK are one each; etc.) =3: virtual length (counting tabs as anything between 1 and |'tabstop'|, wide CJK as 2 rather than 1, Arabic alif as zero when immediately preceded by lam, one otherwise, etc) *g:NetrwTopLvlMenu* This variable specifies the top level menu name; by default, it's "Netrw.". If you wish to change this, do so in your .vimrc. NETRW BROWSING AND OPTION INCOMPATIBILITIES *netrw-incompatible* {{{2 Netrw has been designed to handle user options by saving them, setting the options to something that's compatible with netrw's needs, and then restoring them. However, the autochdir option: > :set acd is problematical. Autochdir sets the current directory to that containing the file you edit; this apparently also applies to directories. In other words, autochdir sets the current directory to that containing the "file" (even if that "file" is itself a directory). NETRW SETTINGS WINDOW *netrw-settings-window* {{{2 With the NetrwSettings.vim plugin, > :NetrwSettings will bring up a window with the many variables that netrw uses for its settings. You may change any of their values; when you save the file, the settings therein will be used. One may also press "?" on any of the lines for help on what each of the variables do. (also see: |netrw-browser-var| |netrw-protocol| |netrw-variables|) ============================================================================== OBTAINING A FILE *netrw-O* {{{2 If there are no marked files: When browsing a remote directory, one may obtain a file under the cursor (ie. get a copy on your local machine, but not edit it) by pressing the O key. If there are marked files: The marked files will be obtained (ie. a copy will be transferred to your local machine, but not set up for editing). Only ftp and scp are supported for this operation (but since these two are available for browsing, that shouldn't be a problem). The status bar will then show, on its right hand side, a message like "Obtaining filename". The statusline will be restored after the transfer is complete. Netrw can also "obtain" a file using the local browser. Netrw's display of a directory is not necessarily the same as Vim's "current directory", unless |g:netrw_keepdir| is set to 0 in the user's <.vimrc>. One may select a file using the local browser (by putting the cursor on it) and pressing "O" will then "obtain" the file; ie. copy it to Vim's current directory. Related topics: * To see what the current directory is, use |:pwd| * To make the currently browsed directory the current directory, see |netrw-c| * To automatically make the currently browsed directory the current directory, see |g:netrw_keepdir|. *netrw-createfile* OPEN A NEW FILE IN NETRW'S CURRENT DIRECTORY *netrw-%* To open a file in netrw's current directory, press "%". This map will query the user for a new filename; an empty file by that name will be placed in the netrw's current directory (ie. b:netrw_curdir). PREVIEW WINDOW *netrw-p* *netrw-preview* {{{2 One may use a preview window by using the "p" key when the cursor is atop the desired filename to be previewed. The display will then split to show both the browser (where the cursor will remain) and the file (see |:pedit|). By default, the split will be taken horizontally; one may use vertical splitting if one has set |g:netrw_preview| first. An interesting set of netrw settings is: > let g:netrw_preview = 1 let g:netrw_liststyle = 3 let g:netrw_winsize = 30 These will: 1. Make vertical splitting the default for previewing files 2. Make the default listing style "tree" 3. When a vertical preview window is opened, the directory listing will use only 30% of the columns available; the rest of the window is used for the preview window. PREVIOUS WINDOW *netrw-P* *netrw-prvwin* {{{2 To edit a file or directory in the previously used (last accessed) window (see :he |CTRL-W_p|), press a "P". If there's only one window, then the one window will be horizontally split (by default). If there's more than one window, the previous window will be re-used on the selected file/directory. If the previous window's associated buffer has been modified, and there's only one window with that buffer, then the user will be asked if s/he wishes to save the buffer first (yes, no, or cancel). Related Actions |netrw-cr| |netrw-o| |netrw-t| |netrw-v| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_alto| control above/below splitting |g:netrw_altv| control right/left splitting |g:netrw_preview| control horizontal vs vertical splitting |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing REFRESHING THE LISTING *netrw-ctrl-l* *netrw-ctrl_l* {{{2 To refresh either a local or remote directory listing, press ctrl-l (<c-l>) or hit the <cr> when atop the ./ directory entry in the listing. One may also refresh a local directory by using ":e .". REVERSING SORTING ORDER *netrw-r* *netrw-reverse* {{{2 One may toggle between normal and reverse sorting order by pressing the "r" key. Related topics: |netrw-s| Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_sort_direction| RENAMING FILES OR DIRECTORIES *netrw-move* *netrw-rename* *netrw-R* {{{2 If there are no marked files: (see |netrw-mf|) Renaming/moving files and directories involves moving the cursor to the file/directory to be moved (renamed) and pressing "R". You will then be queried for where you want the file/directory to be moved. You may select a range of lines with the "V" command (visual selection), and then pressing "R". If there are marked files: (see |netrw-mf|) Marked files will be renamed (moved). You will be queried as above in order to specify where you want the file/directory to be moved. WARNING:~ Note that moving files is a dangerous operation; copies are safer. That's because a "move" for remote files is actually a copy + delete -- and if the copy fails and the delete does not, you may lose the file. The g:netrw_rename_cmd variable is used to implement renaming. By default its value is: ssh HOSTNAME mv One may rename a block of files and directories by selecting them with the V (|linewise-visual|). SELECTING SORTING STYLE *netrw-s* *netrw-sort* {{{2 One may select the sorting style by name, time, or (file) size. The "s" map allows one to circulate amongst the three choices; the directory listing will automatically be refreshed to reflect the selected style. Related topics: |netrw-r| |netrw-S| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_sort_by| |g:netrw_sort_sequence| SETTING EDITING WINDOW *netrw-C* {{{2 One may select a netrw window for editing with the "C" mapping, or by setting g:netrw_chgwin to the selected window number. Subsequent selection of a file to edit (|netrw-cr|) will use that window. Related topics: |netrw-cr| Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_chgwin| 10. Problems and Fixes *netrw-problems* {{{1 (This section is likely to grow as I get feedback) (also see |netrw-debug|) *netrw-p1* P1. I use windows 95, and my ftp dumps four blank lines at the end of every read. See |netrw-fixup|, and put the following into your <.vimrc> file: let g:netrw_win95ftp= 1 *netrw-p2* P2. I use Windows, and my network browsing with ftp doesn't sort by time or size! -or- The remote system is a Windows server; why don't I get sorts by time or size? Windows' ftp has a minimal support for ls (ie. it doesn't accept sorting options). It doesn't support the -F which gives an explanatory character (ABC/ for "ABC is a directory"). Netrw then uses "dir" to get both its thin and long listings. If you think your ftp does support a full-up ls, put the following into your <.vimrc>: > let g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd = "ls -lF" let g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd= "ls -tlF" let g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd= "ls -slF" < Alternatively, if you have cygwin on your Windows box, put into your <.vimrc>: > let g:netrw_cygwin= 1 < This problem also occurs when the remote system is Windows. In this situation, the various g:netrw_ftp_[time|size]list_cmds are as shown above, but the remote system will not correctly modify its listing behavior. *netrw-p3* P3. I tried rcp://user@host/ (or protocol other than ftp) and netrw used ssh! That wasn't what I asked for... Netrw has two methods for browsing remote directories: ssh and ftp. Unless you specify ftp specifically, ssh is used. When it comes time to do download a file (not just a directory listing), netrw will use the given protocol to do so. *netrw-p4* P4. I would like long listings to be the default. Put the following statement into your |.vimrc|: > let g:netrw_liststyle= 1 < Check out |netrw-browser-var| for more customizations that you can set. *netrw-p5* P5. My times come up oddly in local browsing Does your system's strftime() accept the "%c" to yield dates such as "Sun Apr 27 11:49:23 1997"? If not, do a "man strftime" and find out what option should be used. Then put it into your |.vimrc|: > let g:netrw_timefmt= "%X" (where X is the option) < *netrw-p6* P6. I want my current directory to track my browsing. How do I do that? Put the following line in your |.vimrc|: > let g:netrw_keepdir= 0 < *netrw-p7* P7. I use Chinese (or other non-ascii) characters in my filenames, and netrw (Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, etc) doesn't display them! (taken from an answer provided by Wu Yongwei on the vim mailing list) I now see the problem. You code page is not 936, right? Vim seems only able to open files with names that are valid in the current code page, as are many other applications that do not use the Unicode version of Windows APIs. This is an OS-related issue. You should not have such problems when the system locale uses UTF-8, such as modern Linux distros. (...it is one more reason to recommend that people use utf-8!) *netrw-p8* P8. I'm getting "ssh is not executable on your system" -- what do I do? (Dudley Fox) Most people I know use putty for windows ssh. It is a free ssh/telnet application. You can read more about it here: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ Also: (Marlin Unruh) This program also works for me. It's a single executable, so he/she can copy it into the Windows\System32 folder and create a shortcut to it. (Dudley Fox) You might also wish to consider plink, as it sounds most similar to what you are looking for. plink is an application in the putty suite. http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.58/htmldoc/Chapter7.html#plink (Vissale Neang) Maybe you can try OpenSSH for windows, which can be obtained from: http://sshwindows.sourceforge.net/ It doesn't need the full Cygwin package. (Antoine Mechelynck) For individual Unix-like programs needed for work in a native-Windows environment, I recommend getting them from the GnuWin32 project on sourceforge if it has them: http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/ Unlike Cygwin, which sets up a Unix-like virtual machine on top of Windows, GnuWin32 is a rewrite of Unix utilities with Windows system calls, and its programs works quite well in the cmd.exe "Dos box". (dave) Download WinSCP and use that to connect to the server. In Preferences > Editors, set gvim as your editor: - Click "Add..." - Set External Editor (adjust path as needed, include the quotes and !.! at the end): "c:\Program Files\Vim\vim70\gvim.exe" !.! - Check that the filetype in the box below is {asterisk}.{asterisk} (all files), or whatever types you want (cec: change {asterisk} to * ; I had to write it that way because otherwise the helptags system thinks it's a tag) - Make sure it's at the top of the listbox (click it, then click "Up" if it's not) If using the Norton Commander style, you just have to hit <F4> to edit a file in a local copy of gvim. (Vit Gottwald) How to generate public/private key and save public key it on server: > http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter8.html#pubkey-gettingready (8.3 Getting ready for public key authentication) < How to use a private key with 'pscp': > http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter5.html (5.2.4 Using public key authentication with PSCP) < (Ben Schmidt) I find the ssh included with cwRsync is brilliant, and install cwRsync or cwRsyncServer on most Windows systems I come across these days. I guess COPSSH, packed by the same person, is probably even better for use as just ssh on Windows, and probably includes sftp, etc. which I suspect the cwRsync doesn't, though it might (cec) To make proper use of these suggestions above, you will need to modify the following user-settable variables in your .vimrc: |g:netrw_ssh_cmd| |g:netrw_list_cmd| |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd| |g:netrw_rm_cmd| |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| |g:netrw_rmf_cmd| The first one (|g:netrw_ssh_cmd|) is the most important; most of the others will use the string in g:netrw_ssh_cmd by default. *netrw-p9* *netrw-ml_get* P9. I'm browsing, changing directory, and bang! ml_get errors appear and I have to kill vim. Any way around this? Normally netrw attempts to avoid writing swapfiles for its temporary directory buffers. However, on some systems this attempt appears to be causing ml_get errors to appear. Please try setting |g:netrw_use_noswf| to 0 in your <.vimrc>: > let g:netrw_use_noswf= 0 < *netrw-p10* P10. I'm being pestered with "[something] is a directory" and "Press ENTER or type command to continue" prompts... The "[something] is a directory" prompt is issued by Vim, not by netrw, and there appears to be no way to work around it. Coupled with the default cmdheight of 1, this message causes the "Press ENTER..." prompt. So: read |hit-enter|; I also suggest that you set your |'cmdheight'| to 2 (or more) in your <.vimrc> file. *netrw-p11* P11. I want to have two windows; a thin one on the left and my editing window on the right. How may I accomplish this? * Put the following line in your <.vimrc>: let g:netrw_altv = 1 * Edit the current directory: :e . * Select some file, press v * Resize the windows as you wish (see |CTRL-W_<| and |CTRL-W_>|). If you're using gvim, you can drag the separating bar with your mouse. * When you want a new file, use ctrl-w h to go back to the netrw browser, select a file, then press P (see |CTRL-W_h| and |netrw-P|). If you're using gvim, you can press <leftmouse> in the browser window and then press the <middlemouse> to select the file. *netrw-p12* P12. My directory isn't sorting correctly, or unwanted letters are appearing in the listed filenames, or things aren't lining up properly in the wide listing, ... This may be due to an encoding problem. I myself usually use utf-8, but really only use ascii (ie. bytes from 32-126). Multibyte encodings use two (or more) bytes per character. You may need to change |g:netrw_sepchr| and/or |g:netrw_xstrlen|. *netrw-p13* P13. I'm a Windows + putty + ssh user, and when I attempt to browse, the directories are missing trailing "/"s so netrw treats them as file transfers instead of as attempts to browse subdirectories. How may I fix this? (mikeyao) If you want to use vim via ssh and putty under Windows, try combining the use of pscp/psftp with plink. pscp/psftp will be used to connect and plink will be used to execute commands on the server, for example: list files and directory using 'ls'. These are the settings I use to do this: > " list files, it's the key setting, if you haven't set, " you will get a blank buffer let g:netrw_list_cmd = "plink HOSTNAME ls -Fa" " if you haven't add putty directory in system path, you should " specify scp/sftp command. For examples: "let g:netrw_sftp_cmd = "d:\\dev\\putty\\PSFTP.exe" "let g:netrw_scp_cmd = "d:\\dev\\putty\\PSCP.exe" < *netrw-p14* P14. I'd would like to speed up writes using Nwrite and scp/ssh style connections. How? (Thomer M. Gil) Try using ssh's ControlMaster and ControlPath (see the ssh_config man page) to share multiple ssh connections over a single network connection. That cuts out the cryptographic handshake on each file write, sometimes speeding it up by an order of magnitude. (see http://thomer.com/howtos/netrw_ssh.html) (included by permission) Add the following to your ~/.ssh/config: > # you change "*" to the hostname you care about Host * ControlMaster auto ControlPath /tmp/%r@%h:%p < Then create an ssh connection to the host and leave it running: > ssh -N host.domain.com < Now remotely open a file with Vim's Netrw and enjoy the zippiness: > vim scp://host.domain.com//home/user/.bashrc < *netrw-p15* P15. How may I use a double-click instead of netrw's usual single click to open a file or directory? (Ben Fritz) First, disable netrw's mapping with > let g:netrw_mousemaps= 0 < and then create a netrw buffer only mapping in $HOME/.vim/after/ftplugin/netrw.vim: > nmap <buffer> <2-leftmouse> <CR> < Note that setting g:netrw_mousemaps to zero will turn off all netrw's mouse mappings, not just the <leftmouse> one. (see |g:netrw_mousemaps|) ============================================================================== 11. Debugging Netrw Itself *netrw-debug* {{{1 The <netrw.vim> script is typically available as something like: > /usr/local/share/vim/vim7x/plugin/netrwPlugin.vim /usr/local/share/vim/vim7x/autoload/netrw.vim < -or- > /usr/local/share/vim/vim6x/plugin/netrwPlugin.vim /usr/local/share/vim/vim6x/autoload/netrw.vim < which is loaded automatically at startup (assuming :set nocp). 1. Get the <Decho.vim> script, available as: http://www.drchip.org/astronaut/vim/index.html#DECHO or http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=120 It now comes as a "vimball"; if you're using vim 7.0 or earlier, you'll need to update vimball, too. See http://www.drchip.org/astronaut/vim/index.html#VIMBALL 2. Edit the <netrw.vim> file by typing: > vim netrw.vim :DechoOn :wq < To restore to normal non-debugging behavior, re-edit <netrw.vim> and type > vim netrw.vim :DechoOff :wq < This command, provided by <Decho.vim>, will comment out all Decho-debugging statements (Dfunc(), Dret(), Decho(), Dredir()). 3. Then bring up vim and attempt to evoke the problem by doing a transfer or doing some browsing. A set of messages should appear concerning the steps that <netrw.vim> took in attempting to read/write your file over the network in a separate tab. To save the file, use > :tabnext :set bt= :w! DBG < Please send that information to <netrw.vim>'s maintainer, > NdrOchip at ScampbellPfamily.AbizM - NOSPAM < ============================================================================== 12. History *netrw-history* {{{1 v149: Apr 18, 2013 * in wide listing format, now have maps for w and b to move to next/previous file Apr 26, 2013 * one may now copy files in the same directory; netrw will issue requests for what names the files should be copied under Apr 29, 2013 * Trying Benzinger's problem again. Seems that commenting out the BufEnter and installing VimEnter (only) works. Weird problem! (tree listing, vim -O Dir1 Dir2) May 01, 2013 * :Explore ftp://... wasn't working. Fixed. May 02, 2013 * introduced |g:netrw_bannerbackslash| as requested by Paul Domaskis. May 18, 2013 * More fixes for windows (not cygwin) v148: Apr 16, 2013 * changed Netrw's Style menu to allow direct choice of listing style, hiding style, and sorting style v147: Nov 24, 2012 * (James McCoy) Even with g:netrw_dirhistmax at zero, the .vim/ directory would be created to support history/bookmarks. I've gone over netrw to suppress history and bookmarking when g:netrw_dirhistmax is zero. For instance, the menus will display (disabled) when attempts to use bookmarks/history are made. Nov 29, 2012 * (Kim Jang-hwan) reported that with g:Align_xstrlen set to 3 that the cursor was moved (linewise) after invocation. This problem also afflicted netrw. (see |g:netrw_xstrlen|) Fixed. Jan 21, 2013 * (mattn) provided a patch to insert some endifs needed with the code implementing |netrw-O|. Jan 24, 2013 * (John Szakmeister) found that remote file editing resulted in filetype options being overwritten by NetrwOptionRestore(). I moved filetype detect from NetrwGetFile() to NetrwOptionRestore. Feb 17, 2013 * (Yukhiro Nakadaira) provided a patch correcting some syntax errors. Feb 28, 2013 * (Ingo Karkat) provided a patch preventing receipt of an |E95| when revisiting a file://... style url. Mar 18, 2013 * (Gary Johnson) pointed out that changing cedit to <Esc> caused problems with visincr; the cedit setting is now bypassed in netrw too. Apr 02, 2013 * (Paul Domaskis) reported an undefined variable error (s:didstarstar) was occurring. It is now defined at initialization. * included additional sanity checking for the marked file functions. * included |netrw-qF| and special "j" option handling for |netrw-mg| Apr 12, 2013 * |netrw-u| and |netrw-U| now handle counts * the former mapping for "T" has been removed; in its place are new maps, |netrw-Tb| and |netrw-Th|. * the menu now supports a "Targets" entry for easier target selection. (see |netrw-mt|) * (Paul Domaskis) reported some problems with moving/copying files under Windows' gvim (ie. not cygwin). Fixed. * (Paul Mueller) provided a patch to get start and rundll working via |netrw-gx| by bypassing the user's |'shellslash'| option. v146: Oct 20, 2012 * (David Kotchan) reported that under Windows, directories named with unusual characters such as "#" or "$" were not being listed properly. * (Kenny Lee) reported that the buffer list was being populated by netrw buffers. Netrw will now |:bwipe| netrw buffers upon editing a file if g:netrw_fastbrowse is zero and its not in tree listing style. * fixed a bug with s:NetrwInit() that prevented initialization with |Lists| and |Dictionaries|. * |netrw-mu| now unmarks marked-file lists v145: Apr 05, 2012 * moved some command from a g:netrw_local_... format to g:netwr_local... format * included some NOTE level messages about commands that aren't executable * |g:netrw_errorlvl| (default: NOTE=0) option introduced May 18, 2012 * (Ilya Dogolazky) a scenario where a |g:netrw_fastbrowse| of zero did not have a local directory refreshed fixed. Jul 10, 2012 * (Donatas) |netrw-gb| wasn't working due to an incorrectly used variable. Aug 09, 2012 * (Bart Baker) netrw was doubling of entries after a split. * (code by Takahiro Yoshihara) implemented |g:netrw_dynamic_maxfilenamelen| Aug 31, 2012 * (Andrew Wong) netrw refresh overwriting the yank buffer. v144: Mar 12, 2012 * when |CTRL-W_s| or |CTRL-W_v| are used, or their wincmd equivalents, on a netrw buffer, the netrw's w: variables were not copied over. Fixed. Mar 13, 2012 * nbcd_curpos_{bufnr('%')} was commented out, and was mistakenly used during RestorePosn. Unfortunately, I'm not sure why it was commented out, so this "fix" may re-introduce an earlier problem. Mar 21, 2012 * included s:rexposn internally to make :Rex return the cursor to the same pos'n upon restoration of netrw buffer Mar 27, 2012 * (sjbesse) s:NetrwGetFile() needs to remove "/" from the netrw buffer's usual |'isk'| in order to allow "filetype detect" to work properly for scripts. v143: Jun 01, 2011 * |g:netrw_winsize| will accept a negative number; the absolute value of it will then be used to specify lines/columns instead of a percentage. Jul 05, 2011 * the "d" map now supports mkdir via ftp See |netrw-d| and |g:netrw_remote_mkdir| Jul 11, 2011 * Changed Explore!, Sexplore!, and Vexplore to use a percentage of |winwidth()| instead of a percentage of |winheight()|. Jul 11, 2011 * included support for https://... I'm just beginning to test this, however. Aug 01, 2011 * changed RestoreOptions to also restore cursor position in netrw buffers. Aug 12, 2011 * added a note about "%" to the balloon Aug 30, 2011 * if |g:netrw_nobeval| exists, then balloon evaluation is suppressed. Aug 31, 2011 * (Benjamin R Haskell) provided a patch that implements non-standard port handling for files opened via the remote browser. Aug 31, 2011 * Fixed a **//pattern Explorer bug Sep 15, 2011 * (reported by Francesco Campana) netrw now permits the "@" to be part of the user id (if there's an @ that appears to the right). Nov 21, 2011 * New option: |g:netrw_ftp_options| Dec 07, 2011 * (James Sinclair) provided a fix handling attempts to use a uid and password when they weren't defined. This affected NetWrite (NetRead already had that fix). ============================================================================== 13. Todo *netrw-todo* {{{1 07/29/09 : banner :|g:netrw_banner| can be used to suppress the suppression banner. This feature is new and experimental, so its in the process of being debugged. 09/04/09 : "gp" : See if it can be made to work for remote systems. : See if it can be made to work with marked files. ============================================================================== 14. Credits *netrw-credits* {{{1 Vim editor by Bram Moolenaar (Thanks, Bram!) dav support by C Campbell fetch support by Bram Moolenaar and C Campbell ftp support by C Campbell <NdrOchip@ScampbellPfamily.AbizM> http support by Bram Moolenaar <bram@moolenaar.net> rcp rsync support by C Campbell (suggested by Erik Warendorph) scp support by raf <raf@comdyn.com.au> sftp support by C Campbell inputsecret(), BufReadCmd, BufWriteCmd contributed by C Campbell Jérôme Augé -- also using new buffer method with ftp+.netrc Bram Moolenaar -- obviously vim itself, :e and v:cmdarg use, fetch,... Yasuhiro Matsumoto -- pointing out undo+0r problem and a solution Erik Warendorph -- for several suggestions (g:netrw_..._cmd variables, rsync etc) Doug Claar -- modifications to test for success with ftp operation ============================================================================== Modelines: {{{1 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:fdm=marker