view src/regexp.h @ 32936:c517845bd10e v9.0.1776

patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c13b3d1350b60b94fe87f0761ea31c0e7fb6ebf3 Author: Yee Cheng Chin <ychin.git@gmail.com> Date: Sun Aug 20 21:18:38 2023 +0200 patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Problem: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Solution: Support Python 3 stable ABI Commits: 1) Support Python 3 stable ABI to allow mixed version interoperatbility Vim currently supports embedding Python for use with plugins, and the "dynamic" linking option allows the user to specify a locally installed version of Python by setting `pythonthreedll`. However, one caveat is that the Python 3 libs are not binary compatible across minor versions, and mixing versions can potentially be dangerous (e.g. let's say Vim was linked against the Python 3.10 SDK, but the user sets `pythonthreedll` to a 3.11 lib). Usually, nothing bad happens, but in theory this could lead to crashes, memory corruption, and other unpredictable behaviors. It's also difficult for the user to tell something is wrong because Vim has no way of reporting what Python 3 version Vim was linked with. For Vim installed via a package manager, this usually isn't an issue because all the dependencies would already be figured out. For prebuilt Vim binaries like MacVim (my motivation for working on this), AppImage, and Win32 installer this could potentially be an issue as usually a single binary is distributed. This is more tricky when a new Python version is released, as there's a chicken-and-egg issue with deciding what Python version to build against and hard to keep in sync when a new Python version just drops and we have a mix of users of different Python versions, and a user just blindly upgrading to a new Python could lead to bad interactions with Vim. Python 3 does have a solution for this problem: stable ABI / limited API (see https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/stable.html). The C SDK limits the API to a set of functions that are promised to be stable across versions. This pull request adds an ifdef config that allows us to turn it on when building Vim. Vim binaries built with this option should be safe to freely link with any Python 3 libraies without having the constraint of having to use the same minor version. Note: Python 2 has no such concept and this doesn't change how Python 2 integration works (not that there is going to be a new version of Python 2 that would cause compatibility issues in the future anyway). --- Technical details: ====== The stable ABI can be accessed when we compile with the Python 3 limited API (by defining `Py_LIMITED_API`). The Python 3 code (in `if_python3.c` and `if_py_both.h`) would now handle this and switch to limited API mode. Without it set, Vim will still use the full API as before so this is an opt-in change. The main difference is that `PyType_Object` is now an opaque struct that we can't directly create "static types" out of, and we have to create type objects as "heap types" instead. This is because the struct is not stable and changes from version to version (e.g. 3.8 added a `tp_vectorcall` field to it). I had to change all the types to be allocated on the heap instead with just a pointer to them. Other functions are also simply missing in limited API, or they are introduced too late (e.g. `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` in 3.10) to it that we need some other ways to do the same thing, so I had to abstract a few things into macros, and sometimes re-implement functions like `PyObject_NEW`. One caveat is that in limited API, `OutputType` (used for replacing `sys.stdout`) no longer inherits from `PyStdPrinter_Type` which I don't think has any real issue other than minor differences in how they convert to a string and missing a couple functions like `mode()` and `fileno()`. Also fixed an existing bug where `tp_basicsize` was set incorrectly for `BufferObject`, `TabListObject, `WinListObject`. Technically, there could be a small performance drop, there is a little more indirection with accessing type objects, and some APIs like `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` are missing, but in practice I didn't see any difference, and any well-written Python plugin should try to avoid excessing callbacks to the `vim` module in Python anyway. I only tested limited API mode down to Python 3.7, which seemes to compile and work fine. I haven't tried earlier Python versions. 2) Fix PyIter_Check on older Python vers / type##Ptr unused warning For PyIter_Check, older versions exposed them as either macros (used in full API), or a function (for use in limited API). A previous change exposed PyIter_Check to the dynamic build because Python just moved it to function-only in 3.10 anyway. Because of that, just make sure we always grab the function in dynamic builds in earlier versions since that's what Python eventually did anyway. 3) Move Py_LIMITED_API define to configure script Can now use --with-python-stable-abi flag to customize what stable ABI version to target. Can also use an env var to do so as well. 4) Show +python/dyn-stable in :version, and allow has() feature query Not sure if the "/dyn-stable" suffix would break things, or whether we should do it another way. Or just don't show it in version and rely on has() feature checking. 5) Documentation first draft. Still need to implement v:python3_version 6) Fix PyIter_Check build breaks when compiling against Python 3.8 7) Add CI coverage stable ABI on Linux/Windows / make configurable on Windows This adds configurable options for Windows make files (both MinGW and MSVC). CI will also now exercise both traditional full API and stable ABI for Linux and Windows in the matrix for coverage. Also added a "dynamic" option to Linux matrix as a drive-by change to make other scripting languages like Ruby / Perl testable under both static and dynamic builds. 8) Fix inaccuracy in Windows docs Python's own docs are confusing but you don't actually want to use `python3.dll` for the dynamic linkage. 9) Add generated autoconf file 10) Add v:python3_version support This variable indicates the version of Python3 that Vim was built against (PY_VERSION_HEX), and will be useful to check whether the Python library you are loading in dynamically actually fits it. When built with stable ABI, it will be the limited ABI version instead (`Py_LIMITED_API`), which indicates the minimum version of Python 3 the user should have, rather than the exact match. When stable ABI is used, we won't be exposing PY_VERSION_HEX in this var because it just doesn't seem necessary to do so (the whole point of stable ABI is the promise that it will work across versions), and I don't want to confuse the user with too many variables. Also, cleaned up some documentation, and added help tags. 11) Fix Python 3.7 compat issues Fix a couple issues when using limited API < 3.8 - Crash on exit: In Python 3.7, if a heap-allocated type is destroyed before all instances are, it would cause a crash later. This happens when we destroyed `OptionsType` before calling `Py_Finalize` when using the limited API. To make it worse, later versions changed the semantics and now each instance has a strong reference to its own type and the recommendation has changed to have each instance de-ref its own type and have its type in GC traversal. To avoid dealing with these cross-version variations, we just don't free the heap type. They are static types in non-limited-API anyway and are designed to last through the entirety of the app, and we also don't restart the Python runtime and therefore do not need it to have absolutely 0 leaks. See: - https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-the-c-api - https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html#changes-in-the-c-api - PyIter_Check: This function is not provided in limited APIs older than 3.8. Previously I was trying to mock it out using manual PyType_GetSlot() but it was brittle and also does not actually work properly for static types (it will generate a Python error). Just return false. It does mean using limited API < 3.8 is not recommended as you lose the functionality to handle iterators, but from playing with plugins I couldn't find it to be an issue. - Fix loading of PyIter_Check so it will be done when limited API < 3.8. Otherwise loading a 3.7 Python lib will fail even if limited API was specified to use it. 12) Make sure to only load `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` in needed in limited API We don't use this function unless limited API >= 3.10, but we were loading it regardless. Usually it's ok in Unix-like systems where Python just has a single lib that we load from, but in Windows where there is a separate python3.dll this would not work as the symbol would not have been exposed in this more limited DLL file. This makes it much clearer under what condition is this function needed. closes: #12032 Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> Co-authored-by: Yee Cheng Chin <ychin.git@gmail.com>
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Sun, 20 Aug 2023 21:30:04 +0200
parents 7fb4e244b16e
children 90063f44c99a
line wrap: on
line source

/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
 *
 * NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE
 *
 * This is NOT the original regular expression code as written by Henry
 * Spencer.  This code has been modified specifically for use with Vim, and
 * should not be used apart from compiling Vim.  If you want a good regular
 * expression library, get the original code.
 *
 * NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE NOTICE
 */

#ifndef _REGEXP_H
#define _REGEXP_H

/*
 * The number of sub-matches is limited to 10.
 * The first one (index 0) is the whole match, referenced with "\0".
 * The second one (index 1) is the first sub-match, referenced with "\1".
 * This goes up to the tenth (index 9), referenced with "\9".
 */
#define NSUBEXP  10

/*
 * In the NFA engine: how many braces are allowed.
 * TODO(RE): Use dynamic memory allocation instead of static, like here
 */
#define NFA_MAX_BRACES 20

/*
 * In the NFA engine: how many states are allowed
 */
#define NFA_MAX_STATES 100000
#define NFA_TOO_EXPENSIVE (-1)

// Which regexp engine to use? Needed for vim_regcomp().
// Must match with 'regexpengine'.
#define	    AUTOMATIC_ENGINE	0
#define	    BACKTRACKING_ENGINE	1
#define	    NFA_ENGINE		2

typedef struct regengine regengine_T;

/*
 * Structure returned by vim_regcomp() to pass on to vim_regexec().
 * This is the general structure. For the actual matcher, two specific
 * structures are used. See code below.
 */
typedef struct regprog
{
    regengine_T		*engine;
    unsigned		regflags;
    unsigned		re_engine;   // automatic, backtracking or nfa engine
    unsigned		re_flags;    // second argument for vim_regcomp()
    int			re_in_use;   // prog is being executed
} regprog_T;

/*
 * Structure used by the back track matcher.
 * These fields are only to be used in regexp.c!
 * See regexp.c for an explanation.
 */
typedef struct
{
    // These four members implement regprog_T
    regengine_T		*engine;
    unsigned		regflags;
    unsigned		re_engine;
    unsigned		re_flags;
    int			re_in_use;

    int			regstart;
    char_u		reganch;
    char_u		*regmust;
    int			regmlen;
#ifdef FEAT_SYN_HL
    char_u		reghasz;
#endif
    char_u		program[1];	// actually longer..
} bt_regprog_T;

/*
 * Structure representing a NFA state.
 * An NFA state may have no outgoing edge, when it is a NFA_MATCH state.
 */
typedef struct nfa_state nfa_state_T;
struct nfa_state
{
    int			c;
    nfa_state_T		*out;
    nfa_state_T		*out1;
    int			id;
    int			lastlist[2]; // 0: normal, 1: recursive
    int			val;
};

/*
 * Structure used by the NFA matcher.
 */
typedef struct
{
    // These three members implement regprog_T
    regengine_T		*engine;
    unsigned		regflags;
    unsigned		re_engine;
    unsigned		re_flags;
    int			re_in_use;

    nfa_state_T		*start;		// points into state[]

    int			reganch;	// pattern starts with ^
    int			regstart;	// char at start of pattern
    char_u		*match_text;	// plain text to match with

    int			has_zend;	// pattern contains \ze
    int			has_backref;	// pattern contains \1 .. \9
#ifdef FEAT_SYN_HL
    int			reghasz;
#endif
    char_u		*pattern;
    int			nsubexp;	// number of ()
    int			nstate;
    nfa_state_T		state[1];	// actually longer..
} nfa_regprog_T;

/*
 * Structure to be used for single-line matching.
 * Sub-match "no" starts at "startp[no]" and ends just before "endp[no]".
 * When there is no match, the pointer is NULL.
 */
typedef struct
{
    regprog_T		*regprog;
    char_u		*startp[NSUBEXP];
    char_u		*endp[NSUBEXP];

    colnr_T		rm_matchcol;   // match start without "\zs"
    int			rm_ic;
} regmatch_T;

/*
 * Structure to be used for multi-line matching.
 * Sub-match "no" starts in line "startpos[no].lnum" column "startpos[no].col"
 * and ends in line "endpos[no].lnum" just before column "endpos[no].col".
 * The line numbers are relative to the first line, thus startpos[0].lnum is
 * always 0.
 * When there is no match, the line number is -1.
 */
typedef struct
{
    regprog_T		*regprog;
    lpos_T		startpos[NSUBEXP];
    lpos_T		endpos[NSUBEXP];

    colnr_T		rmm_matchcol;   // match start without "\zs"
    int			rmm_ic;
    colnr_T		rmm_maxcol;	// when not zero: maximum column
} regmmatch_T;

/*
 * Structure used to store external references: "\z\(\)" to "\z\1".
 * Use a reference count to avoid the need to copy this around.  When it goes
 * from 1 to zero the matches need to be freed.
 */
typedef struct
{
    short		refcnt;
    char_u		*matches[NSUBEXP];
} reg_extmatch_T;

struct regengine
{
    // bt_regcomp or nfa_regcomp
    regprog_T	*(*regcomp)(char_u*, int);
    // bt_regfree or nfa_regfree
    void	(*regfree)(regprog_T *);
    // bt_regexec_nl or nfa_regexec_nl
    int		(*regexec_nl)(regmatch_T *, char_u *, colnr_T, int);
    // bt_regexec_mult or nfa_regexec_mult
    long	(*regexec_multi)(regmmatch_T *, win_T *, buf_T *, linenr_T, colnr_T, int *);
    //char_u	*expr;
};

// Flags used by vim_regsub() and vim_regsub_both()
#define REGSUB_COPY	    1
#define REGSUB_MAGIC	    2
#define REGSUB_BACKSLASH    4

#endif	// _REGEXP_H