--- a/src/misc1.c
+++ b/src/misc1.c
@@ -1,2811 +1,2811 @@
-/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
- *
- * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
- *
- * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
- * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
- * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
- */
-
-/*
- * misc1.c: functions that didn't seem to fit elsewhere
- */
-
-#include "vim.h"
-#include "version.h"
-
-#if defined(__HAIKU__)
-# include <storage/FindDirectory.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(MSWIN)
-# include <lm.h>
-#endif
-
-#define URL_SLASH	1		// path_is_url() has found "://"
-#define URL_BACKSLASH	2		// path_is_url() has found ":\\"
-
-// All user names (for ~user completion as done by shell).
-static garray_T	ga_users;
-
-/*
- * get_leader_len() returns the length in bytes of the prefix of the given
- * string which introduces a comment.  If this string is not a comment then
- * 0 is returned.
- * When "flags" is not NULL, it is set to point to the flags of the recognized
- * comment leader.
- * "backward" must be true for the "O" command.
- * If "include_space" is set, include trailing whitespace while calculating the
- * length.
- */
-    int
-get_leader_len(
-    char_u	*line,
-    char_u	**flags,
-    int		backward,
-    int		include_space)
-{
-    int		i, j;
-    int		result;
-    int		got_com = FALSE;
-    int		found_one;
-    char_u	part_buf[COM_MAX_LEN];	// buffer for one option part
-    char_u	*string;		// pointer to comment string
-    char_u	*list;
-    int		middle_match_len = 0;
-    char_u	*prev_list;
-    char_u	*saved_flags = NULL;
-
-    result = i = 0;
-    while (VIM_ISWHITE(line[i]))    // leading white space is ignored
-	++i;
-
-    /*
-     * Repeat to match several nested comment strings.
-     */
-    while (line[i] != NUL)
-    {
-	/*
-	 * scan through the 'comments' option for a match
-	 */
-	found_one = FALSE;
-	for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
-	{
-	    // Get one option part into part_buf[].  Advance "list" to next
-	    // one.  Put "string" at start of string.
-	    if (!got_com && flags != NULL)
-		*flags = list;	    // remember where flags started
-	    prev_list = list;
-	    (void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
-	    string = vim_strchr(part_buf, ':');
-	    if (string == NULL)	    // missing ':', ignore this part
-		continue;
-	    *string++ = NUL;	    // isolate flags from string
-
-	    // If we found a middle match previously, use that match when this
-	    // is not a middle or end.
-	    if (middle_match_len != 0
-		    && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) == NULL
-		    && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_END) == NULL)
-		break;
-
-	    // When we already found a nested comment, only accept further
-	    // nested comments.
-	    if (got_com && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) == NULL)
-		continue;
-
-	    // When 'O' flag present and using "O" command skip this one.
-	    if (backward && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NOBACK) != NULL)
-		continue;
-
-	    // Line contents and string must match.
-	    // When string starts with white space, must have some white space
-	    // (but the amount does not need to match, there might be a mix of
-	    // TABs and spaces).
-	    if (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
-	    {
-		if (i == 0 || !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i - 1]))
-		    continue;  // missing white space
-		while (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
-		    ++string;
-	    }
-	    for (j = 0; string[j] != NUL && string[j] == line[i + j]; ++j)
-		;
-	    if (string[j] != NUL)
-		continue;  // string doesn't match
-
-	    // When 'b' flag used, there must be white space or an
-	    // end-of-line after the string in the line.
-	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_BLANK) != NULL
-			   && !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i + j]) && line[i + j] != NUL)
-		continue;
-
-	    // We have found a match, stop searching unless this is a middle
-	    // comment. The middle comment can be a substring of the end
-	    // comment in which case it's better to return the length of the
-	    // end comment and its flags.  Thus we keep searching with middle
-	    // and end matches and use an end match if it matches better.
-	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) != NULL)
-	    {
-		if (middle_match_len == 0)
-		{
-		    middle_match_len = j;
-		    saved_flags = prev_list;
-		}
-		continue;
-	    }
-	    if (middle_match_len != 0 && j > middle_match_len)
-		// Use this match instead of the middle match, since it's a
-		// longer thus better match.
-		middle_match_len = 0;
-
-	    if (middle_match_len == 0)
-		i += j;
-	    found_one = TRUE;
-	    break;
-	}
-
-	if (middle_match_len != 0)
-	{
-	    // Use the previously found middle match after failing to find a
-	    // match with an end.
-	    if (!got_com && flags != NULL)
-		*flags = saved_flags;
-	    i += middle_match_len;
-	    found_one = TRUE;
-	}
-
-	// No match found, stop scanning.
-	if (!found_one)
-	    break;
-
-	result = i;
-
-	// Include any trailing white space.
-	while (VIM_ISWHITE(line[i]))
-	    ++i;
-
-	if (include_space)
-	    result = i;
-
-	// If this comment doesn't nest, stop here.
-	got_com = TRUE;
-	if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) == NULL)
-	    break;
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the offset at which the last comment in line starts. If there is no
- * comment in the whole line, -1 is returned.
- *
- * When "flags" is not null, it is set to point to the flags describing the
- * recognized comment leader.
- */
-    int
-get_last_leader_offset(char_u *line, char_u **flags)
-{
-    int		result = -1;
-    int		i, j;
-    int		lower_check_bound = 0;
-    char_u	*string;
-    char_u	*com_leader;
-    char_u	*com_flags;
-    char_u	*list;
-    int		found_one;
-    char_u	part_buf[COM_MAX_LEN];	// buffer for one option part
-
-    /*
-     * Repeat to match several nested comment strings.
-     */
-    i = (int)STRLEN(line);
-    while (--i >= lower_check_bound)
-    {
-	/*
-	 * scan through the 'comments' option for a match
-	 */
-	found_one = FALSE;
-	for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
-	{
-	    char_u *flags_save = list;
-
-	    /*
-	     * Get one option part into part_buf[].  Advance list to next one.
-	     * put string at start of string.
-	     */
-	    (void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
-	    string = vim_strchr(part_buf, ':');
-	    if (string == NULL)	// If everything is fine, this cannot actually
-				// happen.
-		continue;
-	    *string++ = NUL;	// Isolate flags from string.
-	    com_leader = string;
-
-	    /*
-	     * Line contents and string must match.
-	     * When string starts with white space, must have some white space
-	     * (but the amount does not need to match, there might be a mix of
-	     * TABs and spaces).
-	     */
-	    if (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
-	    {
-		if (i == 0 || !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i - 1]))
-		    continue;
-		while (VIM_ISWHITE(*string))
-		    ++string;
-	    }
-	    for (j = 0; string[j] != NUL && string[j] == line[i + j]; ++j)
-		/* do nothing */;
-	    if (string[j] != NUL)
-		continue;
-
-	    /*
-	     * When 'b' flag used, there must be white space or an
-	     * end-of-line after the string in the line.
-	     */
-	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_BLANK) != NULL
-		    && !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i + j]) && line[i + j] != NUL)
-		continue;
-
-	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) != NULL)
-	    {
-		// For a middlepart comment, only consider it to match if
-		// everything before the current position in the line is
-		// whitespace.  Otherwise we would think we are inside a
-		// comment if the middle part appears somewhere in the middle
-		// of the line.  E.g. for C the "*" appears often.
-		for (j = 0; VIM_ISWHITE(line[j]) && j <= i; j++)
-		    ;
-		if (j < i)
-		    continue;
-	    }
-
-	    /*
-	     * We have found a match, stop searching.
-	     */
-	    found_one = TRUE;
-
-	    if (flags)
-		*flags = flags_save;
-	    com_flags = flags_save;
-
-	    break;
-	}
-
-	if (found_one)
-	{
-	    char_u  part_buf2[COM_MAX_LEN];	// buffer for one option part
-	    int     len1, len2, off;
-
-	    result = i;
-	    /*
-	     * If this comment nests, continue searching.
-	     */
-	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) != NULL)
-		continue;
-
-	    lower_check_bound = i;
-
-	    // Let's verify whether the comment leader found is a substring
-	    // of other comment leaders. If it is, let's adjust the
-	    // lower_check_bound so that we make sure that we have determined
-	    // the comment leader correctly.
-
-	    while (VIM_ISWHITE(*com_leader))
-		++com_leader;
-	    len1 = (int)STRLEN(com_leader);
-
-	    for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
-	    {
-		char_u *flags_save = list;
-
-		(void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf2, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
-		if (flags_save == com_flags)
-		    continue;
-		string = vim_strchr(part_buf2, ':');
-		++string;
-		while (VIM_ISWHITE(*string))
-		    ++string;
-		len2 = (int)STRLEN(string);
-		if (len2 == 0)
-		    continue;
-
-		// Now we have to verify whether string ends with a substring
-		// beginning the com_leader.
-		for (off = (len2 > i ? i : len2); off > 0 && off + len1 > len2;)
-		{
-		    --off;
-		    if (!STRNCMP(string + off, com_leader, len2 - off))
-		    {
-			if (i - off < lower_check_bound)
-			    lower_check_bound = i - off;
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the number of window lines occupied by buffer line "lnum".
- * Includes any filler lines.
- */
-    int
-plines(linenr_T lnum)
-{
-    return plines_win(curwin, lnum, TRUE);
-}
-
-    int
-plines_win(
-    win_T	*wp,
-    linenr_T	lnum,
-    int		winheight)	// when TRUE limit to window height
-{
-#if defined(FEAT_DIFF) || defined(PROTO)
-    // Check for filler lines above this buffer line.  When folded the result
-    // is one line anyway.
-    return plines_win_nofill(wp, lnum, winheight) + diff_check_fill(wp, lnum);
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the number of window lines occupied by buffer line "lnum".
- * Does not include filler lines.
- */
-    int
-plines_nofill(linenr_T lnum)
-{
-    return plines_win_nofill(curwin, lnum, TRUE);
-}
-
-    int
-plines_win_nofill(
-    win_T	*wp,
-    linenr_T	lnum,
-    int		winheight)	// when TRUE limit to window height
-{
-#endif
-    int		lines;
-
-    if (wp->w_width == 0)
-	return 1;
-
-#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
-    // Folded lines are handled just like an empty line.
-    // NOTE: Caller must handle lines that are MAYBE folded.
-    if (lineFolded(wp, lnum) == TRUE)
-	return 1;
-#endif
-
-    if (!wp->w_p_wrap)
-	lines = 1
-#ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
-	    // add a line for each "above" and "below" aligned text property
-	    + prop_count_above_below(wp->w_buffer, lnum)
-#endif
-	;
-    else
-	lines = plines_win_nofold(wp, lnum);
-
-    if (winheight > 0 && lines > wp->w_height)
-	return wp->w_height;
-    return lines;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return number of window lines physical line "lnum" will occupy in window
- * "wp".  Does not care about folding, 'wrap' or 'diff'.
- */
-    int
-plines_win_nofold(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum)
-{
-    char_u	*s;
-    long	col;
-    int		width;
-    chartabsize_T cts;
-
-    s = ml_get_buf(wp->w_buffer, lnum, FALSE);
-    init_chartabsize_arg(&cts, wp, lnum, 0, s, s);
-    if (*s == NUL
-#ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
-	    && !cts.cts_has_prop_with_text
-#endif
-	    )
-	return 1; // be quick for an empty line
-    win_linetabsize_cts(&cts, (colnr_T)MAXCOL);
-    clear_chartabsize_arg(&cts);
-    col = (int)cts.cts_vcol;
-
-    // If list mode is on, then the '$' at the end of the line may take up one
-    // extra column.
-    if (wp->w_p_list && wp->w_lcs_chars.eol != NUL)
-	col += 1;
-
-    /*
-     * Add column offset for 'number', 'relativenumber' and 'foldcolumn'.
-     */
-    width = wp->w_width - win_col_off(wp);
-    if (width <= 0)
-	return 32000;
-    if (col <= width)
-	return 1;
-    col -= width;
-    width += win_col_off2(wp);
-    return (col + (width - 1)) / width + 1;
-}
-
-/*
- * Like plines_win(), but only reports the number of physical screen lines
- * used from the start of the line to the given column number.
- */
-    int
-plines_win_col(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum, long column)
-{
-    long	col;
-    int		lines = 0;
-    int		width;
-    char_u	*line;
-    chartabsize_T cts;
-
-#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
-    // Check for filler lines above this buffer line.  When folded the result
-    // is one line anyway.
-    lines = diff_check_fill(wp, lnum);
-#endif
-
-    if (!wp->w_p_wrap)
-	return lines + 1;
-
-    if (wp->w_width == 0)
-	return lines + 1;
-
-    line = ml_get_buf(wp->w_buffer, lnum, FALSE);
-
-    init_chartabsize_arg(&cts, wp, lnum, 0, line, line);
-    while (*cts.cts_ptr != NUL && --column >= 0)
-    {
-	cts.cts_vcol += win_lbr_chartabsize(&cts, NULL);
-	MB_PTR_ADV(cts.cts_ptr);
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * If *cts.cts_ptr is a TAB, and the TAB is not displayed as ^I, and we're
-     * not in MODE_INSERT state, then col must be adjusted so that it
-     * represents the last screen position of the TAB.  This only fixes an
-     * error when the TAB wraps from one screen line to the next (when
-     * 'columns' is not a multiple of 'ts') -- webb.
-     */
-    col = cts.cts_vcol;
-    if (*cts.cts_ptr == TAB && (State & MODE_NORMAL)
-				    && (!wp->w_p_list || wp->w_lcs_chars.tab1))
-	col += win_lbr_chartabsize(&cts, NULL) - 1;
-    clear_chartabsize_arg(&cts);
-
-    /*
-     * Add column offset for 'number', 'relativenumber', 'foldcolumn', etc.
-     */
-    width = wp->w_width - win_col_off(wp);
-    if (width <= 0)
-	return 9999;
-
-    lines += 1;
-    if (col > width)
-	lines += (col - width) / (width + win_col_off2(wp)) + 1;
-    return lines;
-}
-
-    int
-plines_m_win(win_T *wp, linenr_T first, linenr_T last)
-{
-    int		count = 0;
-
-    while (first <= last)
-    {
-#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
-	int	x;
-
-	// Check if there are any really folded lines, but also included lines
-	// that are maybe folded.
-	x = foldedCount(wp, first, NULL);
-	if (x > 0)
-	{
-	    ++count;	    // count 1 for "+-- folded" line
-	    first += x;
-	}
-	else
-#endif
-	{
-#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
-	    if (first == wp->w_topline)
-		count += plines_win_nofill(wp, first, TRUE) + wp->w_topfill;
-	    else
-#endif
-		count += plines_win(wp, first, TRUE);
-	    ++first;
-	}
-    }
-    return (count);
-}
-
-    int
-gchar_pos(pos_T *pos)
-{
-    char_u	*ptr;
-
-    // When searching columns is sometimes put at the end of a line.
-    if (pos->col == MAXCOL)
-	return NUL;
-    ptr = ml_get_pos(pos);
-    if (has_mbyte)
-	return (*mb_ptr2char)(ptr);
-    return (int)*ptr;
-}
-
-    int
-gchar_cursor(void)
-{
-    if (has_mbyte)
-	return (*mb_ptr2char)(ml_get_cursor());
-    return (int)*ml_get_cursor();
-}
-
-/*
- * Write a character at the current cursor position.
- * It is directly written into the block.
- */
-    void
-pchar_cursor(int c)
-{
-    *(ml_get_buf(curbuf, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, TRUE)
-						  + curwin->w_cursor.col) = c;
-}
-
-/*
- * Skip to next part of an option argument: Skip space and comma.
- */
-    char_u *
-skip_to_option_part(char_u *p)
-{
-    if (*p == ',')
-	++p;
-    while (*p == ' ')
-	++p;
-    return p;
-}
-
-/*
- * check_status: called when the status bars for the buffer 'buf'
- *		 need to be updated
- */
-    void
-check_status(buf_T *buf)
-{
-    win_T	*wp;
-
-    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
-	if (wp->w_buffer == buf && wp->w_status_height)
-	{
-	    wp->w_redr_status = TRUE;
-	    set_must_redraw(UPD_VALID);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Ask for a reply from the user, a 'y' or a 'n', with prompt "str" (which
- * should have been translated already).
- * No other characters are accepted, the message is repeated until a valid
- * reply is entered or CTRL-C is hit.
- * If direct is TRUE, don't use vgetc() but ui_inchar(), don't get characters
- * from any buffers but directly from the user.
- *
- * return the 'y' or 'n'
- */
-    int
-ask_yesno(char_u *str, int direct)
-{
-    int	    r = ' ';
-    int	    save_State = State;
-
-    if (exiting)		// put terminal in raw mode for this question
-	settmode(TMODE_RAW);
-    ++no_wait_return;
-#ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
-    dont_scroll = TRUE;		// disallow scrolling here
-#endif
-    State = MODE_CONFIRM;	// mouse behaves like with :confirm
-    setmouse();			// disables mouse for xterm
-    ++no_mapping;
-    ++allow_keys;		// no mapping here, but recognize keys
-
-    while (r != 'y' && r != 'n')
-    {
-	// same highlighting as for wait_return()
-	smsg_attr(HL_ATTR(HLF_R), "%s (y/n)?", str);
-	if (direct)
-	    r = get_keystroke();
-	else
-	    r = plain_vgetc();
-	if (r == Ctrl_C || r == ESC)
-	    r = 'n';
-	msg_putchar(r);	    // show what you typed
-	out_flush();
-    }
-    --no_wait_return;
-    State = save_State;
-    setmouse();
-    --no_mapping;
-    --allow_keys;
-
-    return r;
-}
-
-#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
-
-/*
- * Returns the current mode as a string in "buf[MODE_MAX_LENGTH]", NUL
- * terminated.
- * The first character represents the major mode, the following ones the minor
- * ones.
- */
-    void
-get_mode(char_u *buf)
-{
-    int		i = 0;
-
-    if (time_for_testing == 93784)
-    {
-	// Testing the two-character code.
-	buf[i++] = 'x';
-	buf[i++] = '!';
-    }
-#ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
-    else if (term_use_loop())
-	buf[i++] = 't';
-#endif
-    else if (VIsual_active)
-    {
-	if (VIsual_select)
-	    buf[i++] = VIsual_mode + 's' - 'v';
-	else
-	{
-	    buf[i++] = VIsual_mode;
-	    if (restart_VIsual_select)
-		buf[i++] = 's';
-	}
-    }
-    else if (State == MODE_HITRETURN || State == MODE_ASKMORE
-						      || State == MODE_SETWSIZE
-		|| State == MODE_CONFIRM)
-    {
-	buf[i++] = 'r';
-	if (State == MODE_ASKMORE)
-	    buf[i++] = 'm';
-	else if (State == MODE_CONFIRM)
-	    buf[i++] = '?';
-    }
-    else if (State == MODE_EXTERNCMD)
-	buf[i++] = '!';
-    else if (State & MODE_INSERT)
-    {
-	if (State & VREPLACE_FLAG)
-	{
-	    buf[i++] = 'R';
-	    buf[i++] = 'v';
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    if (State & REPLACE_FLAG)
-		buf[i++] = 'R';
-	    else
-		buf[i++] = 'i';
-	}
-
-	if (ins_compl_active())
-	    buf[i++] = 'c';
-	else if (ctrl_x_mode_not_defined_yet())
-	    buf[i++] = 'x';
-    }
-    else if ((State & MODE_CMDLINE) || exmode_active)
-    {
-	buf[i++] = 'c';
-	if (exmode_active == EXMODE_VIM)
-	    buf[i++] = 'v';
-	else if (exmode_active == EXMODE_NORMAL)
-	    buf[i++] = 'e';
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	buf[i++] = 'n';
-	if (finish_op)
-	{
-	    buf[i++] = 'o';
-	    // to be able to detect force-linewise/blockwise/characterwise
-	    // operations
-	    buf[i++] = motion_force;
-	}
-	else if (restart_edit == 'I' || restart_edit == 'R'
-							|| restart_edit == 'V')
-	{
-	    buf[i++] = 'i';
-	    buf[i++] = restart_edit;
-	}
-#ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
-	else if (term_in_normal_mode())
-	    buf[i++] = 't';
-#endif
-    }
-
-    buf[i] = NUL;
-}
-
-/*
- * "mode()" function
- */
-    void
-f_mode(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
-{
-    char_u	buf[MODE_MAX_LENGTH];
-
-    if (in_vim9script() && check_for_opt_bool_arg(argvars, 0) == FAIL)
-	return;
-
-    get_mode(buf);
-
-    // Clear out the minor mode when the argument is not a non-zero number or
-    // non-empty string.
-    if (!non_zero_arg(&argvars[0]))
-	buf[1] = NUL;
-
-    rettv->vval.v_string = vim_strsave(buf);
-    rettv->v_type = VAR_STRING;
-}
-
-    static void
-may_add_state_char(garray_T *gap, char_u *include, int c)
-{
-    if (include == NULL || vim_strchr(include, c) != NULL)
-	ga_append(gap, c);
-}
-
-/*
- * "state()" function
- */
-    void
-f_state(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
-{
-    garray_T	ga;
-    char_u	*include = NULL;
-    int		i;
-
-    if (in_vim9script() && check_for_opt_string_arg(argvars, 0) == FAIL)
-	return;
-
-    ga_init2(&ga, 1, 20);
-    if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
-	include = tv_get_string(&argvars[0]);
-
-    if (!(stuff_empty() && typebuf.tb_len == 0 && scriptin[curscript] == NULL))
-	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'm');
-    if (op_pending())
-	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'o');
-    if (autocmd_busy)
-	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'x');
-    if (ins_compl_active())
-	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'a');
-
-# ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
-    if (channel_in_blocking_wait())
-	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'w');
-# endif
-    if (!get_was_safe_state())
-	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'S');
-    for (i = 0; i < get_callback_depth() && i < 3; ++i)
-	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'c');
-    if (msg_scrolled > 0)
-	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 's');
-
-    rettv->v_type = VAR_STRING;
-    rettv->vval.v_string = ga.ga_data;
-}
-
-#endif // FEAT_EVAL
-
-/*
- * Get a key stroke directly from the user.
- * Ignores mouse clicks and scrollbar events, except a click for the left
- * button (used at the more prompt).
- * Doesn't use vgetc(), because it syncs undo and eats mapped characters.
- * Disadvantage: typeahead is ignored.
- * Translates the interrupt character for unix to ESC.
- */
-    int
-get_keystroke(void)
-{
-    char_u	*buf = NULL;
-    int		buflen = 150;
-    int		maxlen;
-    int		len = 0;
-    int		n;
-    int		save_mapped_ctrl_c = mapped_ctrl_c;
-    int		waited = 0;
-
-    mapped_ctrl_c = FALSE;	// mappings are not used here
-    for (;;)
-    {
-	cursor_on();
-	out_flush();
-
-	// Leave some room for check_termcode() to insert a key code into (max
-	// 5 chars plus NUL).  And fix_input_buffer() can triple the number of
-	// bytes.
-	maxlen = (buflen - 6 - len) / 3;
-	if (buf == NULL)
-	    buf = alloc(buflen);
-	else if (maxlen < 10)
-	{
-	    char_u  *t_buf = buf;
-
-	    // Need some more space. This might happen when receiving a long
-	    // escape sequence.
-	    buflen += 100;
-	    buf = vim_realloc(buf, buflen);
-	    if (buf == NULL)
-		vim_free(t_buf);
-	    maxlen = (buflen - 6 - len) / 3;
-	}
-	if (buf == NULL)
-	{
-	    do_outofmem_msg((long_u)buflen);
-	    return ESC;  // panic!
-	}
-
-	// First time: blocking wait.  Second time: wait up to 100ms for a
-	// terminal code to complete.
-	n = ui_inchar(buf + len, maxlen, len == 0 ? -1L : 100L, 0);
-	if (n > 0)
-	{
-	    // Replace zero and CSI by a special key code.
-	    n = fix_input_buffer(buf + len, n);
-	    len += n;
-	    waited = 0;
-	}
-	else if (len > 0)
-	    ++waited;	    // keep track of the waiting time
-
-	// Incomplete termcode and not timed out yet: get more characters
-	if ((n = check_termcode(1, buf, buflen, &len)) < 0
-	       && (!p_ttimeout || waited * 100L < (p_ttm < 0 ? p_tm : p_ttm)))
-	    continue;
-
-	if (n == KEYLEN_REMOVED)  // key code removed
-	{
-	    if (must_redraw != 0 && !need_wait_return && (State
-			& (MODE_CMDLINE | MODE_HITRETURN | MODE_ASKMORE)) == 0)
-	    {
-		// Redrawing was postponed, do it now.
-		update_screen(0);
-		setcursor(); // put cursor back where it belongs
-	    }
-	    continue;
-	}
-	if (n > 0)		// found a termcode: adjust length
-	    len = n;
-	if (len == 0)		// nothing typed yet
-	    continue;
-
-	// Handle modifier and/or special key code.
-	n = buf[0];
-	if (n == K_SPECIAL)
-	{
-	    n = TO_SPECIAL(buf[1], buf[2]);
-	    if (buf[1] == KS_MODIFIER
-		    || n == K_IGNORE
-		    || (is_mouse_key(n) && n != K_LEFTMOUSE)
-#ifdef FEAT_GUI
-		    || n == K_VER_SCROLLBAR
-		    || n == K_HOR_SCROLLBAR
-#endif
-	       )
-	    {
-		if (buf[1] == KS_MODIFIER)
-		    mod_mask = buf[2];
-		len -= 3;
-		if (len > 0)
-		    mch_memmove(buf, buf + 3, (size_t)len);
-		continue;
-	    }
-	    break;
-	}
-	if (has_mbyte)
-	{
-	    if (MB_BYTE2LEN(n) > len)
-		continue;	// more bytes to get
-	    buf[len >= buflen ? buflen - 1 : len] = NUL;
-	    n = (*mb_ptr2char)(buf);
-	}
-#ifdef UNIX
-	if (n == intr_char)
-	    n = ESC;
-#endif
-	break;
-    }
-    vim_free(buf);
-
-    mapped_ctrl_c = save_mapped_ctrl_c;
-    return n;
-}
-
-/*
- * Get a number from the user.
- * When "mouse_used" is not NULL allow using the mouse.
- */
-    int
-get_number(
-    int	    colon,			// allow colon to abort
-    int	    *mouse_used)
-{
-    int	n = 0;
-    int	c;
-    int typed = 0;
-
-    if (mouse_used != NULL)
-	*mouse_used = FALSE;
-
-    // When not printing messages, the user won't know what to type, return a
-    // zero (as if CR was hit).
-    if (msg_silent != 0)
-	return 0;
-
-#ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
-    dont_scroll = TRUE;		// disallow scrolling here
-#endif
-    ++no_mapping;
-    ++allow_keys;		// no mapping here, but recognize keys
-    for (;;)
-    {
-	windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
-	c = safe_vgetc();
-	if (VIM_ISDIGIT(c))
-	{
-	    n = n * 10 + c - '0';
-	    msg_putchar(c);
-	    ++typed;
-	}
-	else if (c == K_DEL || c == K_KDEL || c == K_BS || c == Ctrl_H)
-	{
-	    if (typed > 0)
-	    {
-		msg_puts("\b \b");
-		--typed;
-	    }
-	    n /= 10;
-	}
-	else if (mouse_used != NULL && c == K_LEFTMOUSE)
-	{
-	    *mouse_used = TRUE;
-	    n = mouse_row + 1;
-	    break;
-	}
-	else if (n == 0 && c == ':' && colon)
-	{
-	    stuffcharReadbuff(':');
-	    if (!exmode_active)
-		cmdline_row = msg_row;
-	    skip_redraw = TRUE;	    // skip redraw once
-	    do_redraw = FALSE;
-	    break;
-	}
-	else if (c == Ctrl_C || c == ESC || c == 'q')
-	{
-	    n = 0;
-	    break;
-	}
-	else if (c == CAR || c == NL )
-	    break;
-    }
-    --no_mapping;
-    --allow_keys;
-    return n;
-}
-
-/*
- * Ask the user to enter a number.
- * When "mouse_used" is not NULL allow using the mouse and in that case return
- * the line number.
- */
-    int
-prompt_for_number(int *mouse_used)
-{
-    int		i;
-    int		save_cmdline_row;
-    int		save_State;
-
-    // When using ":silent" assume that <CR> was entered.
-    if (mouse_used != NULL)
-	msg_puts(_("Type number and <Enter> or click with the mouse (q or empty cancels): "));
-    else
-	msg_puts(_("Type number and <Enter> (q or empty cancels): "));
-
-    // Set the state such that text can be selected/copied/pasted and we still
-    // get mouse events. redraw_after_callback() will not redraw if cmdline_row
-    // is zero.
-    save_cmdline_row = cmdline_row;
-    cmdline_row = 0;
-    save_State = State;
-    State = MODE_CMDLINE;
-    // May show different mouse shape.
-    setmouse();
-
-    i = get_number(TRUE, mouse_used);
-    if (KeyTyped)
-    {
-	// don't call wait_return() now
-	if (msg_row > 0)
-	    cmdline_row = msg_row - 1;
-	need_wait_return = FALSE;
-	msg_didany = FALSE;
-	msg_didout = FALSE;
-    }
-    else
-	cmdline_row = save_cmdline_row;
-    State = save_State;
-    // May need to restore mouse shape.
-    setmouse();
-
-    return i;
-}
-
-    void
-msgmore(long n)
-{
-    long pn;
-
-    if (global_busy	    // no messages now, wait until global is finished
-	    || !messaging())  // 'lazyredraw' set, don't do messages now
-	return;
-
-    // We don't want to overwrite another important message, but do overwrite
-    // a previous "more lines" or "fewer lines" message, so that "5dd" and
-    // then "put" reports the last action.
-    if (keep_msg != NULL && !keep_msg_more)
-	return;
-
-    if (n > 0)
-	pn = n;
-    else
-	pn = -n;
-
-    if (pn > p_report)
-    {
-	if (n > 0)
-	    vim_snprintf(msg_buf, MSG_BUF_LEN,
-		    NGETTEXT("%ld more line", "%ld more lines", pn), pn);
-	else
-	    vim_snprintf(msg_buf, MSG_BUF_LEN,
-		    NGETTEXT("%ld line less", "%ld fewer lines", pn), pn);
-	if (got_int)
-	    vim_strcat((char_u *)msg_buf, (char_u *)_(" (Interrupted)"),
-								  MSG_BUF_LEN);
-	if (msg(msg_buf))
-	{
-	    set_keep_msg((char_u *)msg_buf, 0);
-	    keep_msg_more = TRUE;
-	}
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * flush map and typeahead buffers and give a warning for an error
- */
-    void
-beep_flush(void)
-{
-    if (emsg_silent == 0)
-    {
-	flush_buffers(FLUSH_MINIMAL);
-	vim_beep(BO_ERROR);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Give a warning for an error. "val" is one of the BO_ values, e.g., BO_OPER.
- */
-    void
-vim_beep(unsigned val)
-{
-#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
-    called_vim_beep = TRUE;
-#endif
-
-    if (emsg_silent != 0 || in_assert_fails)
-	return;
-
-    if (!((bo_flags & val) || (bo_flags & BO_ALL)))
-    {
-#ifdef ELAPSED_FUNC
-	static int		did_init = FALSE;
-	static elapsed_T	start_tv;
-
-	// Only beep once per half a second, otherwise a sequence of beeps
-	// would freeze Vim.
-	if (!did_init || ELAPSED_FUNC(start_tv) > 500)
-	{
-	    did_init = TRUE;
-	    ELAPSED_INIT(start_tv);
-#endif
-	    if (p_vb
-#ifdef FEAT_GUI
-		    // While the GUI is starting up the termcap is set for
-		    // the GUI but the output still goes to a terminal.
-		    && !(gui.in_use && gui.starting)
-#endif
-	       )
-	    {
-		out_str_cf(T_VB);
-#ifdef FEAT_VTP
-		// No restore color information, refresh the screen.
-		if (has_vtp_working() != 0
-# ifdef FEAT_TERMGUICOLORS
-			&& (p_tgc || (!p_tgc && t_colors >= 256))
-# endif
-		   )
-		{
-		    redraw_later(UPD_CLEAR);
-		    update_screen(0);
-		    redrawcmd();
-		}
-#endif
-	    }
-	    else
-		out_char(BELL);
-#ifdef ELAPSED_FUNC
-	}
-#endif
-    }
-
-    // When 'debug' contains "beep" produce a message.  If we are sourcing
-    // a script or executing a function give the user a hint where the beep
-    // comes from.
-    if (vim_strchr(p_debug, 'e') != NULL)
-    {
-	msg_source(HL_ATTR(HLF_W));
-	msg_attr(_("Beep!"), HL_ATTR(HLF_W));
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * To get the "real" home directory:
- * - get value of $HOME
- * For Unix:
- *  - go to that directory
- *  - do mch_dirname() to get the real name of that directory.
- *  This also works with mounts and links.
- *  Don't do this for MS-DOS, it will change the "current dir" for a drive.
- * For Windows:
- *  This code is duplicated in init_homedir() in dosinst.c.  Keep in sync!
- */
-    void
-init_homedir(void)
-{
-    char_u  *var;
-
-    // In case we are called a second time (when 'encoding' changes).
-    VIM_CLEAR(homedir);
-
-#ifdef VMS
-    var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"SYS$LOGIN");
-#else
-    var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOME");
-#endif
-
-#ifdef MSWIN
-    /*
-     * Typically, $HOME is not defined on Windows, unless the user has
-     * specifically defined it for Vim's sake.  However, on Windows NT
-     * platforms, $HOMEDRIVE and $HOMEPATH are automatically defined for
-     * each user.  Try constructing $HOME from these.
-     */
-    if (var == NULL || *var == NUL)
-    {
-	char_u *homedrive, *homepath;
-
-	homedrive = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOMEDRIVE");
-	homepath = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOMEPATH");
-	if (homepath == NULL || *homepath == NUL)
-	    homepath = (char_u *)"\\";
-	if (homedrive != NULL
-			   && STRLEN(homedrive) + STRLEN(homepath) < MAXPATHL)
-	{
-	    sprintf((char *)NameBuff, "%s%s", homedrive, homepath);
-	    if (NameBuff[0] != NUL)
-		var = NameBuff;
-	}
-    }
-
-    if (var == NULL)
-	var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"USERPROFILE");
-
-    /*
-     * Weird but true: $HOME may contain an indirect reference to another
-     * variable, esp. "%USERPROFILE%".  Happens when $USERPROFILE isn't set
-     * when $HOME is being set.
-     */
-    if (var != NULL && *var == '%')
-    {
-	char_u	*p;
-	char_u	*exp;
-
-	p = vim_strchr(var + 1, '%');
-	if (p != NULL)
-	{
-	    vim_strncpy(NameBuff, var + 1, p - (var + 1));
-	    exp = mch_getenv(NameBuff);
-	    if (exp != NULL && *exp != NUL
-					&& STRLEN(exp) + STRLEN(p) < MAXPATHL)
-	    {
-		vim_snprintf((char *)NameBuff, MAXPATHL, "%s%s", exp, p + 1);
-		var = NameBuff;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-
-    if (var != NULL && *var == NUL)	// empty is same as not set
-	var = NULL;
-
-    if (enc_utf8 && var != NULL)
-    {
-	int	len;
-	char_u  *pp = NULL;
-
-	// Convert from active codepage to UTF-8.  Other conversions are
-	// not done, because they would fail for non-ASCII characters.
-	acp_to_enc(var, (int)STRLEN(var), &pp, &len);
-	if (pp != NULL)
-	{
-	    homedir = pp;
-	    return;
-	}
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Default home dir is C:/
-     * Best assumption we can make in such a situation.
-     */
-    if (var == NULL)
-	var = (char_u *)"C:/";
-#endif
-
-    if (var != NULL)
-    {
-#ifdef UNIX
-	/*
-	 * Change to the directory and get the actual path.  This resolves
-	 * links.  Don't do it when we can't return.
-	 */
-	if (mch_dirname(NameBuff, MAXPATHL) == OK
-					  && mch_chdir((char *)NameBuff) == 0)
-	{
-	    if (!mch_chdir((char *)var) && mch_dirname(IObuff, IOSIZE) == OK)
-		var = IObuff;
-	    if (mch_chdir((char *)NameBuff) != 0)
-		emsg(_(e_cannot_go_back_to_previous_directory));
-	}
-#endif
-	homedir = vim_strsave(var);
-    }
-}
-
-#if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
-    void
-free_homedir(void)
-{
-    vim_free(homedir);
-}
-
-    void
-free_users(void)
-{
-    ga_clear_strings(&ga_users);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(MSWIN) || defined(PROTO)
-/*
- * Initialize $VIM and $VIMRUNTIME when 'enc' is updated.
- */
-    void
-init_vimdir(void)
-{
-    int	    mustfree;
-    char_u  *p;
-
-    mch_get_exe_name();
-
-    mustfree = FALSE;
-    didset_vim = FALSE;
-    p = vim_getenv((char_u *)"VIM", &mustfree);
-    if (mustfree)
-	vim_free(p);
-
-    mustfree = FALSE;
-    didset_vimruntime = FALSE;
-    p = vim_getenv((char_u *)"VIMRUNTIME", &mustfree);
-    if (mustfree)
-	vim_free(p);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Call expand_env() and store the result in an allocated string.
- * This is not very memory efficient, this expects the result to be freed
- * again soon.
- */
-    char_u *
-expand_env_save(char_u *src)
-{
-    return expand_env_save_opt(src, FALSE);
-}
-
-/*
- * Idem, but when "one" is TRUE handle the string as one file name, only
- * expand "~" at the start.
- */
-    char_u *
-expand_env_save_opt(char_u *src, int one)
-{
-    char_u	*p;
-
-    p = alloc(MAXPATHL);
-    if (p != NULL)
-	expand_env_esc(src, p, MAXPATHL, FALSE, one, NULL);
-    return p;
-}
-
-/*
- * Expand environment variable with path name.
- * "~/" is also expanded, using $HOME.	For Unix "~user/" is expanded.
- * Skips over "\ ", "\~" and "\$" (not for Win32 though).
- * If anything fails no expansion is done and dst equals src.
- */
-    void
-expand_env(
-    char_u	*src,		// input string e.g. "$HOME/vim.hlp"
-    char_u	*dst,		// where to put the result
-    int		dstlen)		// maximum length of the result
-{
-    expand_env_esc(src, dst, dstlen, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
-}
-
-    void
-expand_env_esc(
-    char_u	*srcp,		// input string e.g. "$HOME/vim.hlp"
-    char_u	*dst,		// where to put the result
-    int		dstlen,		// maximum length of the result
-    int		esc,		// escape spaces in expanded variables
-    int		one,		// "srcp" is one file name
-    char_u	*startstr)	// start again after this (can be NULL)
-{
-    char_u	*src;
-    char_u	*tail;
-    int		c;
-    char_u	*var;
-    int		copy_char;
-    int		mustfree;	// var was allocated, need to free it later
-    int		at_start = TRUE; // at start of a name
-    int		startstr_len = 0;
-#if defined(BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME) || defined(AMIGA)
-    char_u	*save_dst = dst;
-#endif
-
-    if (startstr != NULL)
-	startstr_len = (int)STRLEN(startstr);
-
-    src = skipwhite(srcp);
-    --dstlen;		    // leave one char space for "\,"
-    while (*src && dstlen > 0)
-    {
-#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
-	// Skip over `=expr`.
-	if (src[0] == '`' && src[1] == '=')
-	{
-	    size_t len;
-
-	    var = src;
-	    src += 2;
-	    (void)skip_expr(&src, NULL);
-	    if (*src == '`')
-		++src;
-	    len = src - var;
-	    if (len > (size_t)dstlen)
-		len = dstlen;
-	    vim_strncpy(dst, var, len);
-	    dst += len;
-	    dstlen -= (int)len;
-	    continue;
-	}
-#endif
-	copy_char = TRUE;
-	if ((*src == '$'
-#ifdef VMS
-		    && at_start
-#endif
-	   )
-#if defined(MSWIN)
-		|| *src == '%'
-#endif
-		|| (*src == '~' && at_start))
-	{
-	    mustfree = FALSE;
-
-	    /*
-	     * The variable name is copied into dst temporarily, because it may
-	     * be a string in read-only memory and a NUL needs to be appended.
-	     */
-	    if (*src != '~')				// environment var
-	    {
-		tail = src + 1;
-		var = dst;
-		c = dstlen - 1;
-
-#ifdef UNIX
-		// Unix has ${var-name} type environment vars
-		if (*tail == '{' && !vim_isIDc('{'))
-		{
-		    tail++;	// ignore '{'
-		    while (c-- > 0 && *tail && *tail != '}')
-			*var++ = *tail++;
-		}
-		else
-#endif
-		{
-		    while (c-- > 0 && *tail != NUL && ((vim_isIDc(*tail))
-#if defined(MSWIN)
-			    || (*src == '%' && *tail != '%')
-#endif
-			    ))
-			*var++ = *tail++;
-		}
-
-#if defined(MSWIN) || defined(UNIX)
-# ifdef UNIX
-		if (src[1] == '{' && *tail != '}')
-# else
-		if (*src == '%' && *tail != '%')
-# endif
-		    var = NULL;
-		else
-		{
-# ifdef UNIX
-		    if (src[1] == '{')
-# else
-		    if (*src == '%')
-#endif
-			++tail;
-#endif
-		    *var = NUL;
-		    var = vim_getenv(dst, &mustfree);
-#if defined(MSWIN) || defined(UNIX)
-		}
-#endif
-	    }
-							// home directory
-	    else if (  src[1] == NUL
-		    || vim_ispathsep(src[1])
-		    || vim_strchr((char_u *)" ,\t\n", src[1]) != NULL)
-	    {
-		var = homedir;
-		tail = src + 1;
-	    }
-	    else					// user directory
-	    {
-#if defined(UNIX) || (defined(VMS) && defined(USER_HOME))
-		/*
-		 * Copy ~user to dst[], so we can put a NUL after it.
-		 */
-		tail = src;
-		var = dst;
-		c = dstlen - 1;
-		while (	   c-- > 0
-			&& *tail
-			&& vim_isfilec(*tail)
-			&& !vim_ispathsep(*tail))
-		    *var++ = *tail++;
-		*var = NUL;
-# ifdef UNIX
-		/*
-		 * If the system supports getpwnam(), use it.
-		 * Otherwise, or if getpwnam() fails, the shell is used to
-		 * expand ~user.  This is slower and may fail if the shell
-		 * does not support ~user (old versions of /bin/sh).
-		 */
-#  if defined(HAVE_GETPWNAM) && defined(HAVE_PWD_H)
-		{
-		    // Note: memory allocated by getpwnam() is never freed.
-		    // Calling endpwent() apparently doesn't help.
-		    struct passwd *pw = (*dst == NUL)
-					? NULL : getpwnam((char *)dst + 1);
-
-		    var = (pw == NULL) ? NULL : (char_u *)pw->pw_dir;
-		}
-		if (var == NULL)
-#  endif
-		{
-		    expand_T	xpc;
-
-		    ExpandInit(&xpc);
-		    xpc.xp_context = EXPAND_FILES;
-		    var = ExpandOne(&xpc, dst, NULL,
-				WILD_ADD_SLASH|WILD_SILENT, WILD_EXPAND_FREE);
-		    mustfree = TRUE;
-		}
-
-# else	// !UNIX, thus VMS
-		/*
-		 * USER_HOME is a comma-separated list of
-		 * directories to search for the user account in.
-		 */
-		{
-		    char_u	test[MAXPATHL], paths[MAXPATHL];
-		    char_u	*path, *next_path, *ptr;
-		    stat_T	st;
-
-		    STRCPY(paths, USER_HOME);
-		    next_path = paths;
-		    while (*next_path)
-		    {
-			for (path = next_path; *next_path && *next_path != ',';
-				next_path++);
-			if (*next_path)
-			    *next_path++ = NUL;
-			STRCPY(test, path);
-			STRCAT(test, "/");
-			STRCAT(test, dst + 1);
-			if (mch_stat(test, &st) == 0)
-			{
-			    var = alloc(STRLEN(test) + 1);
-			    STRCPY(var, test);
-			    mustfree = TRUE;
-			    break;
-			}
-		    }
-		}
-# endif // UNIX
-#else
-		// cannot expand user's home directory, so don't try
-		var = NULL;
-		tail = (char_u *)"";	// for gcc
-#endif // UNIX || VMS
-	    }
-
-#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
-	    // If 'shellslash' is set change backslashes to forward slashes.
-	    // Can't use slash_adjust(), p_ssl may be set temporarily.
-	    if (p_ssl && var != NULL && vim_strchr(var, '\\') != NULL)
-	    {
-		char_u	*p = vim_strsave(var);
-
-		if (p != NULL)
-		{
-		    if (mustfree)
-			vim_free(var);
-		    var = p;
-		    mustfree = TRUE;
-		    forward_slash(var);
-		}
-	    }
-#endif
-
-	    // If "var" contains white space, escape it with a backslash.
-	    // Required for ":e ~/tt" when $HOME includes a space.
-	    if (esc && var != NULL && vim_strpbrk(var, (char_u *)" \t") != NULL)
-	    {
-		char_u	*p = vim_strsave_escaped(var, (char_u *)" \t");
-
-		if (p != NULL)
-		{
-		    if (mustfree)
-			vim_free(var);
-		    var = p;
-		    mustfree = TRUE;
-		}
-	    }
-
-	    if (var != NULL && *var != NUL
-		    && (STRLEN(var) + STRLEN(tail) + 1 < (unsigned)dstlen))
-	    {
-		STRCPY(dst, var);
-		dstlen -= (int)STRLEN(var);
-		c = (int)STRLEN(var);
-		// if var[] ends in a path separator and tail[] starts
-		// with it, skip a character
-		if (after_pathsep(dst, dst + c)
-#if defined(BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME) || defined(AMIGA)
-			&& (dst == save_dst || dst[-1] != ':')
-#endif
-			&& vim_ispathsep(*tail))
-		    ++tail;
-		dst += c;
-		src = tail;
-		copy_char = FALSE;
-	    }
-	    if (mustfree)
-		vim_free(var);
-	}
-
-	if (copy_char)	    // copy at least one char
-	{
-	    /*
-	     * Recognize the start of a new name, for '~'.
-	     * Don't do this when "one" is TRUE, to avoid expanding "~" in
-	     * ":edit foo ~ foo".
-	     */
-	    at_start = FALSE;
-	    if (src[0] == '\\' && src[1] != NUL)
-	    {
-		*dst++ = *src++;
-		--dstlen;
-	    }
-	    else if ((src[0] == ' ' || src[0] == ',') && !one)
-		at_start = TRUE;
-	    if (dstlen > 0)
-	    {
-		*dst++ = *src++;
-		--dstlen;
-
-		if (startstr != NULL && src - startstr_len >= srcp
-			&& STRNCMP(src - startstr_len, startstr,
-							    startstr_len) == 0)
-		    at_start = TRUE;
-	    }
-	}
-
-    }
-    *dst = NUL;
-}
-
-/*
- * If the string between "p" and "pend" ends in "name/", return "pend" minus
- * the length of "name/".  Otherwise return "pend".
- */
-    static char_u *
-remove_tail(char_u *p, char_u *pend, char_u *name)
-{
-    int		len = (int)STRLEN(name) + 1;
-    char_u	*newend = pend - len;
-
-    if (newend >= p
-	    && fnamencmp(newend, name, len - 1) == 0
-	    && (newend == p || after_pathsep(p, newend)))
-	return newend;
-    return pend;
-}
-
-/*
- * Check if the directory "vimdir/<version>" or "vimdir/runtime" exists.
- * Return NULL if not, return its name in allocated memory otherwise.
- */
-    static char_u *
-vim_version_dir(char_u *vimdir)
-{
-    char_u	*p;
-
-    if (vimdir == NULL || *vimdir == NUL)
-	return NULL;
-    p = concat_fnames(vimdir, (char_u *)VIM_VERSION_NODOT, TRUE);
-    if (p != NULL && mch_isdir(p))
-	return p;
-    vim_free(p);
-    p = concat_fnames(vimdir, (char_u *)RUNTIME_DIRNAME, TRUE);
-    if (p != NULL && mch_isdir(p))
-    {
-	char_u *fname = concat_fnames(p, (char_u *)"defaults.vim", TRUE);
-
-	// Check that "defaults.vim" exists in this directory, to avoid picking
-	// up a stray "runtime" directory, it would make many tests fail in
-	// mysterious ways.
-	if (fname != NULL)
-	{
-	    int exists = file_is_readable(fname);
-
-	    vim_free(fname);
-	    if (exists)
-		return p;
-	}
-    }
-    vim_free(p);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * Vim's version of getenv().
- * Special handling of $HOME, $VIM and $VIMRUNTIME.
- * Also does ACP to 'enc' conversion for Win32.
- * "mustfree" is set to TRUE when the returned string is allocated.  It must be
- * initialized to FALSE by the caller.
- */
-    char_u *
-vim_getenv(char_u *name, int *mustfree)
-{
-    char_u	*p = NULL;
-    char_u	*pend;
-    int		vimruntime;
-#ifdef MSWIN
-    WCHAR	*wn, *wp;
-
-    // use "C:/" when $HOME is not set
-    if (STRCMP(name, "HOME") == 0)
-	return homedir;
-
-    // Use Wide function
-    wn = enc_to_utf16(name, NULL);
-    if (wn == NULL)
-	return NULL;
-
-    wp = _wgetenv(wn);
-    vim_free(wn);
-
-    if (wp != NULL && *wp == NUL)   // empty is the same as not set
-	wp = NULL;
-
-    if (wp != NULL)
-    {
-	p = utf16_to_enc(wp, NULL);
-	if (p == NULL)
-	    return NULL;
-
-	*mustfree = TRUE;
-	return p;
-    }
-#else
-    p = mch_getenv(name);
-    if (p != NULL && *p == NUL)	    // empty is the same as not set
-	p = NULL;
-
-    if (p != NULL)
-	return p;
-
-# ifdef __HAIKU__
-    // special handling for user settings directory...
-    if (STRCMP(name, "BE_USER_SETTINGS") == 0)
-    {
-	static char userSettingsPath[MAXPATHL];
-
-	if (find_directory(B_USER_SETTINGS_DIRECTORY, 0, false,
-					   userSettingsPath, MAXPATHL) == B_OK)
-	    return (char_u *)userSettingsPath;
-	else
-	    return NULL;
-    }
-# endif
-#endif
-
-    // handling $VIMRUNTIME and $VIM is below, bail out if it's another name.
-    vimruntime = (STRCMP(name, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0);
-    if (!vimruntime && STRCMP(name, "VIM") != 0)
-	return NULL;
-
-    /*
-     * When expanding $VIMRUNTIME fails, try using $VIM/vim<version> or $VIM.
-     * Don't do this when default_vimruntime_dir is non-empty.
-     */
-    if (vimruntime
-#ifdef HAVE_PATHDEF
-	    && *default_vimruntime_dir == NUL
-#endif
-       )
-    {
-#ifdef MSWIN
-	// Use Wide function
-	wp = _wgetenv(L"VIM");
-	if (wp != NULL && *wp == NUL)	    // empty is the same as not set
-	    wp = NULL;
-	if (wp != NULL)
-	{
-	    char_u *q = utf16_to_enc(wp, NULL);
-	    if (q != NULL)
-	    {
-		p = vim_version_dir(q);
-		*mustfree = TRUE;
-		if (p == NULL)
-		    p = q;
-	    }
-	}
-#else
-	p = mch_getenv((char_u *)"VIM");
-	if (p != NULL && *p == NUL)	    // empty is the same as not set
-	    p = NULL;
-	if (p != NULL)
-	{
-	    p = vim_version_dir(p);
-	    if (p != NULL)
-		*mustfree = TRUE;
-	    else
-		p = mch_getenv((char_u *)"VIM");
-	}
-#endif
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * When expanding $VIM or $VIMRUNTIME fails, try using:
-     * - the directory name from 'helpfile' (unless it contains '$')
-     * - the executable name from argv[0]
-     */
-    if (p == NULL)
-    {
-	if (p_hf != NULL && vim_strchr(p_hf, '$') == NULL)
-	    p = p_hf;
-#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
-	/*
-	 * Use the name of the executable, obtained from argv[0].
-	 */
-	else
-	    p = exe_name;
-#endif
-	if (p != NULL)
-	{
-	    // remove the file name
-	    pend = gettail(p);
-
-	    // remove "doc/" from 'helpfile', if present
-	    if (p == p_hf)
-		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"doc");
-
-#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
-# ifdef MACOS_X
-	    // remove "MacOS" from exe_name and add "Resources/vim"
-	    if (p == exe_name)
-	    {
-		char_u	*pend1;
-		char_u	*pnew;
-
-		pend1 = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"MacOS");
-		if (pend1 != pend)
-		{
-		    pnew = alloc(pend1 - p + 15);
-		    if (pnew != NULL)
-		    {
-			STRNCPY(pnew, p, (pend1 - p));
-			STRCPY(pnew + (pend1 - p), "Resources/vim");
-			p = pnew;
-			pend = p + STRLEN(p);
-		    }
-		}
-	    }
-# endif
-	    // remove "src/" from exe_name, if present
-	    if (p == exe_name)
-		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"src");
-#endif
-
-	    // for $VIM, remove "runtime/" or "vim54/", if present
-	    if (!vimruntime)
-	    {
-		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)RUNTIME_DIRNAME);
-		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)VIM_VERSION_NODOT);
-	    }
-
-	    // remove trailing path separator
-	    if (pend > p && after_pathsep(p, pend))
-		--pend;
-
-#ifdef MACOS_X
-	    if (p == exe_name || p == p_hf)
-#endif
-		// check that the result is a directory name
-		p = vim_strnsave(p, pend - p);
-
-	    if (p != NULL && !mch_isdir(p))
-		VIM_CLEAR(p);
-	    else
-	    {
-#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
-		// may add "/vim54" or "/runtime" if it exists
-		if (vimruntime && (pend = vim_version_dir(p)) != NULL)
-		{
-		    vim_free(p);
-		    p = pend;
-		}
-#endif
-		*mustfree = TRUE;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-
-#ifdef HAVE_PATHDEF
-    // When there is a pathdef.c file we can use default_vim_dir and
-    // default_vimruntime_dir
-    if (p == NULL)
-    {
-	// Only use default_vimruntime_dir when it is not empty
-	if (vimruntime && *default_vimruntime_dir != NUL)
-	{
-	    p = default_vimruntime_dir;
-	    *mustfree = FALSE;
-	}
-	else if (*default_vim_dir != NUL)
-	{
-	    if (vimruntime && (p = vim_version_dir(default_vim_dir)) != NULL)
-		*mustfree = TRUE;
-	    else
-	    {
-		p = default_vim_dir;
-		*mustfree = FALSE;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-#endif
-
-    /*
-     * Set the environment variable, so that the new value can be found fast
-     * next time, and others can also use it (e.g. Perl).
-     */
-    if (p != NULL)
-    {
-	if (vimruntime)
-	{
-	    vim_setenv((char_u *)"VIMRUNTIME", p);
-	    didset_vimruntime = TRUE;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    vim_setenv((char_u *)"VIM", p);
-	    didset_vim = TRUE;
-	}
-    }
-    return p;
-}
-
-    void
-vim_unsetenv(char_u *var)
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_UNSETENV
-    unsetenv((char *)var);
-#else
-    vim_setenv(var, (char_u *)"");
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Removes environment variable "name" and take care of side effects.
- */
-    void
-vim_unsetenv_ext(char_u *var)
-{
-    vim_unsetenv(var);
-
-    // "homedir" is not cleared, keep using the old value until $HOME is set.
-    if (STRICMP(var, "VIM") == 0)
-	didset_vim = FALSE;
-    else if (STRICMP(var, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0)
-	didset_vimruntime = FALSE;
-}
-
-#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
-/*
- * Set environment variable "name" and take care of side effects.
- */
-    void
-vim_setenv_ext(char_u *name, char_u *val)
-{
-    vim_setenv(name, val);
-    if (STRICMP(name, "HOME") == 0)
-	init_homedir();
-    else if (didset_vim && STRICMP(name, "VIM") == 0)
-	didset_vim = FALSE;
-    else if (didset_vimruntime && STRICMP(name, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0)
-	didset_vimruntime = FALSE;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Our portable version of setenv.
- */
-    void
-vim_setenv(char_u *name, char_u *val)
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_SETENV
-    mch_setenv((char *)name, (char *)val, 1);
-#else
-    char_u	*envbuf;
-
-    /*
-     * Putenv does not copy the string, it has to remain
-     * valid.  The allocated memory will never be freed.
-     */
-    envbuf = alloc(STRLEN(name) + STRLEN(val) + 2);
-    if (envbuf != NULL)
-    {
-	sprintf((char *)envbuf, "%s=%s", name, val);
-	putenv((char *)envbuf);
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef FEAT_GETTEXT
-    /*
-     * When setting $VIMRUNTIME adjust the directory to find message
-     * translations to $VIMRUNTIME/lang.
-     */
-    if (*val != NUL && STRICMP(name, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0)
-    {
-	char_u	*buf = concat_str(val, (char_u *)"/lang");
-
-	if (buf != NULL)
-	{
-	    bindtextdomain(VIMPACKAGE, (char *)buf);
-	    vim_free(buf);
-	}
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain an environment variable name.
- */
-    char_u *
-get_env_name(
-    expand_T	*xp UNUSED,
-    int		idx)
-{
-#if defined(AMIGA)
-    // No environ[] on the Amiga.
-    return NULL;
-#else
-# ifndef __WIN32__
-    // Borland C++ 5.2 has this in a header file.
-    extern char		**environ;
-# endif
-    char_u		*str;
-    int			n;
-
-    str = (char_u *)environ[idx];
-    if (str == NULL)
-	return NULL;
-
-    for (n = 0; n < EXPAND_BUF_LEN - 1; ++n)
-    {
-	if (str[n] == '=' || str[n] == NUL)
-	    break;
-	xp->xp_buf[n] = str[n];
-    }
-    xp->xp_buf[n] = NUL;
-    return xp->xp_buf;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Add a user name to the list of users in ga_users.
- * Do nothing if user name is NULL or empty.
- */
-    static void
-add_user(char_u *user, int need_copy)
-{
-    char_u	*user_copy = (user != NULL && need_copy)
-						    ? vim_strsave(user) : user;
-
-    if (user_copy == NULL || *user_copy == NUL || ga_grow(&ga_users, 1) == FAIL)
-    {
-	if (need_copy)
-	    vim_free(user);
-	return;
-    }
-    ((char_u **)(ga_users.ga_data))[ga_users.ga_len++] = user_copy;
-}
-
-/*
- * Find all user names for user completion.
- * Done only once and then cached.
- */
-    static void
-init_users(void)
-{
-    static int	lazy_init_done = FALSE;
-
-    if (lazy_init_done)
-	return;
-
-    lazy_init_done = TRUE;
-    ga_init2(&ga_users, sizeof(char_u *), 20);
-
-# if defined(HAVE_GETPWENT) && defined(HAVE_PWD_H)
-    {
-	struct passwd*	pw;
-
-	setpwent();
-	while ((pw = getpwent()) != NULL)
-	    add_user((char_u *)pw->pw_name, TRUE);
-	endpwent();
-    }
-# elif defined(MSWIN)
-    {
-	DWORD		nusers = 0, ntotal = 0, i;
-	PUSER_INFO_0	uinfo;
-
-	if (NetUserEnum(NULL, 0, 0, (LPBYTE *) &uinfo, MAX_PREFERRED_LENGTH,
-				       &nusers, &ntotal, NULL) == NERR_Success)
-	{
-	    for (i = 0; i < nusers; i++)
-		add_user(utf16_to_enc(uinfo[i].usri0_name, NULL), FALSE);
-
-	    NetApiBufferFree(uinfo);
-	}
-    }
-# endif
-# if defined(HAVE_GETPWNAM)
-    {
-	char_u	*user_env = mch_getenv((char_u *)"USER");
-
-	// The $USER environment variable may be a valid remote user name (NIS,
-	// LDAP) not already listed by getpwent(), as getpwent() only lists
-	// local user names.  If $USER is not already listed, check whether it
-	// is a valid remote user name using getpwnam() and if it is, add it to
-	// the list of user names.
-
-	if (user_env != NULL && *user_env != NUL)
-	{
-	    int	i;
-
-	    for (i = 0; i < ga_users.ga_len; i++)
-	    {
-		char_u	*local_user = ((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i];
-
-		if (STRCMP(local_user, user_env) == 0)
-		    break;
-	    }
-
-	    if (i == ga_users.ga_len)
-	    {
-		struct passwd	*pw = getpwnam((char *)user_env);
-
-		if (pw != NULL)
-		    add_user((char_u *)pw->pw_name, TRUE);
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-# endif
-}
-
-/*
- * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain an user names.
- */
-    char_u*
-get_users(expand_T *xp UNUSED, int idx)
-{
-    init_users();
-    if (idx < ga_users.ga_len)
-	return ((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[idx];
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * Check whether name matches a user name. Return:
- * 0 if name does not match any user name.
- * 1 if name partially matches the beginning of a user name.
- * 2 is name fully matches a user name.
- */
-    int
-match_user(char_u *name)
-{
-    int i;
-    int n = (int)STRLEN(name);
-    int result = 0;
-
-    init_users();
-    for (i = 0; i < ga_users.ga_len; i++)
-    {
-	if (STRCMP(((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i], name) == 0)
-	    return 2; // full match
-	if (STRNCMP(((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i], name, n) == 0)
-	    result = 1; // partial match
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-    static void
-prepare_to_exit(void)
-{
-#if defined(SIGHUP) && defined(SIG_IGN)
-    // Ignore SIGHUP, because a dropped connection causes a read error, which
-    // makes Vim exit and then handling SIGHUP causes various reentrance
-    // problems.
-    mch_signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef FEAT_GUI
-    if (gui.in_use)
-    {
-	gui.dying = TRUE;
-	out_trash();	// trash any pending output
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-	windgoto((int)Rows - 1, 0);
-
-	/*
-	 * Switch terminal mode back now, so messages end up on the "normal"
-	 * screen (if there are two screens).
-	 */
-	settmode(TMODE_COOK);
-	stoptermcap();
-	out_flush();
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Preserve files and exit.
- * When called IObuff must contain a message.
- * NOTE: This may be called from deathtrap() in a signal handler, avoid unsafe
- * functions, such as allocating memory.
- */
-    void
-preserve_exit(void)
-{
-    buf_T	*buf;
-
-    prepare_to_exit();
-
-    // Setting this will prevent free() calls.  That avoids calling free()
-    // recursively when free() was invoked with a bad pointer.
-    really_exiting = TRUE;
-
-    out_str(IObuff);
-    screen_start();		    // don't know where cursor is now
-    out_flush();
-
-    ml_close_notmod();		    // close all not-modified buffers
-
-    FOR_ALL_BUFFERS(buf)
-    {
-	if (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL && buf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname != NULL)
-	{
-	    OUT_STR("Vim: preserving files...\r\n");
-	    screen_start();	    // don't know where cursor is now
-	    out_flush();
-	    ml_sync_all(FALSE, FALSE);	// preserve all swap files
-	    break;
-	}
-    }
-
-    ml_close_all(FALSE);	    // close all memfiles, without deleting
-
-    OUT_STR("Vim: Finished.\r\n");
-
-    getout(1);
-}
-
-/*
- * Check for CTRL-C pressed, but only once in a while.
- * Should be used instead of ui_breakcheck() for functions that check for
- * each line in the file.  Calling ui_breakcheck() each time takes too much
- * time, because it can be a system call.
- */
-
-#ifndef BREAKCHECK_SKIP
-# define BREAKCHECK_SKIP 1000
-#endif
-
-static int	breakcheck_count = 0;
-
-    void
-line_breakcheck(void)
-{
-    if (++breakcheck_count >= BREAKCHECK_SKIP)
-    {
-	breakcheck_count = 0;
-	ui_breakcheck();
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Like line_breakcheck() but check 10 times less often.
- */
-    void
-fast_breakcheck(void)
-{
-    if (++breakcheck_count >= BREAKCHECK_SKIP * 10)
-    {
-	breakcheck_count = 0;
-	ui_breakcheck();
-    }
-}
-
-# if defined(FEAT_SPELL) || defined(PROTO)
-/*
- * Like line_breakcheck() but check 100 times less often.
- */
-    void
-veryfast_breakcheck(void)
-{
-    if (++breakcheck_count >= BREAKCHECK_SKIP * 100)
-    {
-	breakcheck_count = 0;
-	ui_breakcheck();
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(VIM_BACKTICK) || defined(FEAT_EVAL) \
-	|| (defined(HAVE_LOCALE_H) || defined(X_LOCALE)) \
-	|| defined(PROTO)
-
-#ifndef SEEK_SET
-# define SEEK_SET 0
-#endif
-#ifndef SEEK_END
-# define SEEK_END 2
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Get the stdout of an external command.
- * If "ret_len" is NULL replace NUL characters with NL.  When "ret_len" is not
- * NULL store the length there.
- * Returns an allocated string, or NULL for error.
- */
-    char_u *
-get_cmd_output(
-    char_u	*cmd,
-    char_u	*infile,	// optional input file name
-    int		flags,		// can be SHELL_SILENT
-    int		*ret_len)
-{
-    char_u	*tempname;
-    char_u	*command;
-    char_u	*buffer = NULL;
-    int		len;
-    int		i = 0;
-    FILE	*fd;
-
-    if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
-	return NULL;
-
-    // get a name for the temp file
-    if ((tempname = vim_tempname('o', FALSE)) == NULL)
-    {
-	emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
-	return NULL;
-    }
-
-    // Add the redirection stuff
-    command = make_filter_cmd(cmd, infile, tempname);
-    if (command == NULL)
-	goto done;
-
-    /*
-     * Call the shell to execute the command (errors are ignored).
-     * Don't check timestamps here.
-     */
-    ++no_check_timestamps;
-    call_shell(command, SHELL_DOOUT | SHELL_EXPAND | flags);
-    --no_check_timestamps;
-
-    vim_free(command);
-
-    /*
-     * read the names from the file into memory
-     */
-# ifdef VMS
-    // created temporary file is not always readable as binary
-    fd = mch_fopen((char *)tempname, "r");
-# else
-    fd = mch_fopen((char *)tempname, READBIN);
-# endif
-
-    // Not being able to seek means we can't read the file.
-    if (fd == NULL
-	    || fseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_END) == -1
-	    || (len = ftell(fd)) == -1		// get size of temp file
-	    || fseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET) == -1)	// back to the start
-    {
-	semsg(_(e_cannot_read_from_str_2), tempname);
-	if (fd != NULL)
-	    fclose(fd);
-	goto done;
-    }
-
-    buffer = alloc(len + 1);
-    if (buffer != NULL)
-	i = (int)fread((char *)buffer, (size_t)1, (size_t)len, fd);
-    fclose(fd);
-    mch_remove(tempname);
-    if (buffer == NULL)
-	goto done;
-#ifdef VMS
-    len = i;	// VMS doesn't give us what we asked for...
-#endif
-    if (i != len)
-    {
-	semsg(_(e_cant_read_file_str), tempname);
-	VIM_CLEAR(buffer);
-    }
-    else if (ret_len == NULL)
-    {
-	// Change NUL into SOH, otherwise the string is truncated.
-	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
-	    if (buffer[i] == NUL)
-		buffer[i] = 1;
-
-	buffer[len] = NUL;	// make sure the buffer is terminated
-    }
-    else
-	*ret_len = len;
-
-done:
-    vim_free(tempname);
-    return buffer;
-}
-
-# if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
-
-    static void
-get_cmd_output_as_rettv(
-    typval_T	*argvars,
-    typval_T	*rettv,
-    int		retlist)
-{
-    char_u	*res = NULL;
-    char_u	*p;
-    char_u	*infile = NULL;
-    int		err = FALSE;
-    FILE	*fd;
-    list_T	*list = NULL;
-    int		flags = SHELL_SILENT;
-
-    rettv->v_type = VAR_STRING;
-    rettv->vval.v_string = NULL;
-    if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
-	goto errret;
-
-    if (in_vim9script()
-	    && (check_for_string_arg(argvars, 0) == FAIL
-		|| check_for_opt_string_or_number_or_list_arg(argvars, 1)
-								      == FAIL))
-	return;
-
-    if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
-    {
-	/*
-	 * Write the text to a temp file, to be used for input of the shell
-	 * command.
-	 */
-	if ((infile = vim_tempname('i', TRUE)) == NULL)
-	{
-	    emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
-	    goto errret;
-	}
-
-	fd = mch_fopen((char *)infile, WRITEBIN);
-	if (fd == NULL)
-	{
-	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), infile);
-	    goto errret;
-	}
-	if (argvars[1].v_type == VAR_NUMBER)
-	{
-	    linenr_T	lnum;
-	    buf_T	*buf;
-
-	    buf = buflist_findnr(argvars[1].vval.v_number);
-	    if (buf == NULL)
-	    {
-		semsg(_(e_buffer_nr_does_not_exist), argvars[1].vval.v_number);
-		fclose(fd);
-		goto errret;
-	    }
-
-	    for (lnum = 1; lnum <= buf->b_ml.ml_line_count; lnum++)
-	    {
-		for (p = ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE); *p != NUL; ++p)
-		    if (putc(*p == '\n' ? NUL : *p, fd) == EOF)
-		    {
-			err = TRUE;
-			break;
-		    }
-		if (putc(NL, fd) == EOF)
-		{
-		    err = TRUE;
-		    break;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-	else if (argvars[1].v_type == VAR_LIST)
-	{
-	    if (write_list(fd, argvars[1].vval.v_list, TRUE) == FAIL)
-		err = TRUE;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-	    size_t	len;
-	    char_u	buf[NUMBUFLEN];
-
-	    p = tv_get_string_buf_chk(&argvars[1], buf);
-	    if (p == NULL)
-	    {
-		fclose(fd);
-		goto errret;		// type error; errmsg already given
-	    }
-	    len = STRLEN(p);
-	    if (len > 0 && fwrite(p, len, 1, fd) != 1)
-		err = TRUE;
-	}
-	if (fclose(fd) != 0)
-	    err = TRUE;
-	if (err)
-	{
-	    emsg(_(e_error_writing_temp_file));
-	    goto errret;
-	}
-    }
-
-    // Omit SHELL_COOKED when invoked with ":silent".  Avoids that the shell
-    // echoes typeahead, that messes up the display.
-    if (!msg_silent)
-	flags += SHELL_COOKED;
-
-    if (retlist)
-    {
-	int		len;
-	listitem_T	*li;
-	char_u		*s = NULL;
-	char_u		*start;
-	char_u		*end;
-	int		i;
-
-	res = get_cmd_output(tv_get_string(&argvars[0]), infile, flags, &len);
-	if (res == NULL)
-	    goto errret;
-
-	list = list_alloc();
-	if (list == NULL)
-	    goto errret;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
-	{
-	    start = res + i;
-	    while (i < len && res[i] != NL)
-		++i;
-	    end = res + i;
-
-	    s = alloc(end - start + 1);
-	    if (s == NULL)
-		goto errret;
-
-	    for (p = s; start < end; ++p, ++start)
-		*p = *start == NUL ? NL : *start;
-	    *p = NUL;
-
-	    li = listitem_alloc();
-	    if (li == NULL)
-	    {
-		vim_free(s);
-		goto errret;
-	    }
-	    li->li_tv.v_type = VAR_STRING;
-	    li->li_tv.v_lock = 0;
-	    li->li_tv.vval.v_string = s;
-	    list_append(list, li);
-	}
-
-	rettv_list_set(rettv, list);
-	list = NULL;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	res = get_cmd_output(tv_get_string(&argvars[0]), infile, flags, NULL);
-#ifdef USE_CRNL
-	// translate <CR><NL> into <NL>
-	if (res != NULL)
-	{
-	    char_u	*s, *d;
-
-	    d = res;
-	    for (s = res; *s; ++s)
-	    {
-		if (s[0] == CAR && s[1] == NL)
-		    ++s;
-		*d++ = *s;
-	    }
-	    *d = NUL;
-	}
-#endif
-	rettv->vval.v_string = res;
-	res = NULL;
-    }
-
-errret:
-    if (infile != NULL)
-    {
-	mch_remove(infile);
-	vim_free(infile);
-    }
-    if (res != NULL)
-	vim_free(res);
-    if (list != NULL)
-	list_free(list);
-}
-
-/*
- * "system()" function
- */
-    void
-f_system(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
-{
-    get_cmd_output_as_rettv(argvars, rettv, FALSE);
-}
-
-/*
- * "systemlist()" function
- */
-    void
-f_systemlist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
-{
-    get_cmd_output_as_rettv(argvars, rettv, TRUE);
-}
-# endif // FEAT_EVAL
-
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Return TRUE when need to go to Insert mode because of 'insertmode'.
- * Don't do this when still processing a command or a mapping.
- * Don't do this when inside a ":normal" command.
- */
-    int
-goto_im(void)
-{
-    return (p_im && stuff_empty() && typebuf_typed());
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the isolated name of the shell in allocated memory:
- * - Skip beyond any path.  E.g., "/usr/bin/csh -f" -> "csh -f".
- * - Remove any argument.  E.g., "csh -f" -> "csh".
- * But don't allow a space in the path, so that this works:
- *   "/usr/bin/csh --rcfile ~/.cshrc"
- * But don't do that for Windows, it's common to have a space in the path.
- * Returns NULL when out of memory.
- */
-    char_u *
-get_isolated_shell_name(void)
-{
-    char_u *p;
-
-#ifdef MSWIN
-    p = gettail(p_sh);
-    p = vim_strnsave(p, skiptowhite(p) - p);
-#else
-    p = skiptowhite(p_sh);
-    if (*p == NUL)
-    {
-	// No white space, use the tail.
-	p = vim_strsave(gettail(p_sh));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-	char_u  *p1, *p2;
-
-	// Find the last path separator before the space.
-	p1 = p_sh;
-	for (p2 = p_sh; p2 < p; MB_PTR_ADV(p2))
-	    if (vim_ispathsep(*p2))
-		p1 = p2 + 1;
-	p = vim_strnsave(p1, p - p1);
-    }
-#endif
-    return p;
-}
-
-/*
- * Check if the "://" of a URL is at the pointer, return URL_SLASH.
- * Also check for ":\\", which MS Internet Explorer accepts, return
- * URL_BACKSLASH.
- */
-    int
-path_is_url(char_u *p)
-{
-    if (STRNCMP(p, "://", (size_t)3) == 0)
-	return URL_SLASH;
-    else if (STRNCMP(p, ":\\\\", (size_t)3) == 0)
-	return URL_BACKSLASH;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Check if "fname" starts with "name://" or "name:\\".
- * Return URL_SLASH for "name://", URL_BACKSLASH for "name:\\".
- * Return zero otherwise.
- */
-    int
-path_with_url(char_u *fname)
-{
-    char_u *p;
-
-    // We accept alphabetic characters and a dash in scheme part.
-    // RFC 3986 allows for more, but it increases the risk of matching
-    // non-URL text.
-
-    // first character must be alpha
-    if (!ASCII_ISALPHA(*fname))
-	return 0;
-
-    // check body: alpha or dash
-    for (p = fname + 1; (ASCII_ISALPHA(*p) || (*p == '-')); ++p)
-	;
-
-    // check last char is not a dash
-    if (p[-1] == '-')
-	return 0;
-
-    // "://" or ":\\" must follow
-    return path_is_url(p);
-}
-
-#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
-/*
- * Return the dictionary of v:event.
- * Save and clear the value in case it already has items.
- */
-    dict_T *
-get_v_event(save_v_event_T *sve)
-{
-    dict_T	*v_event = get_vim_var_dict(VV_EVENT);
-
-    if (v_event->dv_hashtab.ht_used > 0)
-    {
-	// recursive use of v:event, save, make empty and restore later
-	sve->sve_did_save = TRUE;
-	sve->sve_hashtab = v_event->dv_hashtab;
-	hash_init(&v_event->dv_hashtab);
-    }
-    else
-	sve->sve_did_save = FALSE;
-    return v_event;
-}
-
-    void
-restore_v_event(dict_T *v_event, save_v_event_T *sve)
-{
-    dict_free_contents(v_event);
-    if (sve->sve_did_save)
-	v_event->dv_hashtab = sve->sve_hashtab;
-    else
-	hash_init(&v_event->dv_hashtab);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Fires a ModeChanged autocmd event if appropriate.
- */
-    void
-may_trigger_modechanged(void)
-{
-#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
-    dict_T	    *v_event;
-    save_v_event_T  save_v_event;
-    char_u	    curr_mode[MODE_MAX_LENGTH];
-    char_u	    pattern_buf[2 * MODE_MAX_LENGTH];
-
-    // Skip this when got_int is set, the autocommand will not be executed.
-    // Better trigger it next time.
-    if (!has_modechanged() || got_int)
-	return;
-
-    get_mode(curr_mode);
-    if (STRCMP(curr_mode, last_mode) == 0)
-	return;
-
-    v_event = get_v_event(&save_v_event);
-    (void)dict_add_string(v_event, "new_mode", curr_mode);
-    (void)dict_add_string(v_event, "old_mode", last_mode);
-    dict_set_items_ro(v_event);
-
-    // concatenate modes in format "old_mode:new_mode"
-    vim_snprintf((char *)pattern_buf, sizeof(pattern_buf), "%s:%s", last_mode,
-	    curr_mode);
-
-    apply_autocmds(EVENT_MODECHANGED, pattern_buf, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
-    STRCPY(last_mode, curr_mode);
-
-    restore_v_event(v_event, &save_v_event);
-#endif
-}
+/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
+ *
+ * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
+ *
+ * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
+ * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
+ * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * misc1.c: functions that didn't seem to fit elsewhere
+ */
+
+#include "vim.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+#if defined(__HAIKU__)
+# include <storage/FindDirectory.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+# include <lm.h>
+#endif
+
+#define URL_SLASH	1		// path_is_url() has found "://"
+#define URL_BACKSLASH	2		// path_is_url() has found ":\\"
+
+// All user names (for ~user completion as done by shell).
+static garray_T	ga_users;
+
+/*
+ * get_leader_len() returns the length in bytes of the prefix of the given
+ * string which introduces a comment.  If this string is not a comment then
+ * 0 is returned.
+ * When "flags" is not NULL, it is set to point to the flags of the recognized
+ * comment leader.
+ * "backward" must be true for the "O" command.
+ * If "include_space" is set, include trailing whitespace while calculating the
+ * length.
+ */
+    int
+get_leader_len(
+    char_u	*line,
+    char_u	**flags,
+    int		backward,
+    int		include_space)
+{
+    int		i, j;
+    int		result;
+    int		got_com = FALSE;
+    int		found_one;
+    char_u	part_buf[COM_MAX_LEN];	// buffer for one option part
+    char_u	*string;		// pointer to comment string
+    char_u	*list;
+    int		middle_match_len = 0;
+    char_u	*prev_list;
+    char_u	*saved_flags = NULL;
+
+    result = i = 0;
+    while (VIM_ISWHITE(line[i]))    // leading white space is ignored
+	++i;
+
+    /*
+     * Repeat to match several nested comment strings.
+     */
+    while (line[i] != NUL)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * scan through the 'comments' option for a match
+	 */
+	found_one = FALSE;
+	for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
+	{
+	    // Get one option part into part_buf[].  Advance "list" to next
+	    // one.  Put "string" at start of string.
+	    if (!got_com && flags != NULL)
+		*flags = list;	    // remember where flags started
+	    prev_list = list;
+	    (void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+	    string = vim_strchr(part_buf, ':');
+	    if (string == NULL)	    // missing ':', ignore this part
+		continue;
+	    *string++ = NUL;	    // isolate flags from string
+
+	    // If we found a middle match previously, use that match when this
+	    // is not a middle or end.
+	    if (middle_match_len != 0
+		    && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) == NULL
+		    && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_END) == NULL)
+		break;
+
+	    // When we already found a nested comment, only accept further
+	    // nested comments.
+	    if (got_com && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) == NULL)
+		continue;
+
+	    // When 'O' flag present and using "O" command skip this one.
+	    if (backward && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NOBACK) != NULL)
+		continue;
+
+	    // Line contents and string must match.
+	    // When string starts with white space, must have some white space
+	    // (but the amount does not need to match, there might be a mix of
+	    // TABs and spaces).
+	    if (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
+	    {
+		if (i == 0 || !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i - 1]))
+		    continue;  // missing white space
+		while (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
+		    ++string;
+	    }
+	    for (j = 0; string[j] != NUL && string[j] == line[i + j]; ++j)
+		;
+	    if (string[j] != NUL)
+		continue;  // string doesn't match
+
+	    // When 'b' flag used, there must be white space or an
+	    // end-of-line after the string in the line.
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_BLANK) != NULL
+			   && !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i + j]) && line[i + j] != NUL)
+		continue;
+
+	    // We have found a match, stop searching unless this is a middle
+	    // comment. The middle comment can be a substring of the end
+	    // comment in which case it's better to return the length of the
+	    // end comment and its flags.  Thus we keep searching with middle
+	    // and end matches and use an end match if it matches better.
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) != NULL)
+	    {
+		if (middle_match_len == 0)
+		{
+		    middle_match_len = j;
+		    saved_flags = prev_list;
+		}
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    if (middle_match_len != 0 && j > middle_match_len)
+		// Use this match instead of the middle match, since it's a
+		// longer thus better match.
+		middle_match_len = 0;
+
+	    if (middle_match_len == 0)
+		i += j;
+	    found_one = TRUE;
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	if (middle_match_len != 0)
+	{
+	    // Use the previously found middle match after failing to find a
+	    // match with an end.
+	    if (!got_com && flags != NULL)
+		*flags = saved_flags;
+	    i += middle_match_len;
+	    found_one = TRUE;
+	}
+
+	// No match found, stop scanning.
+	if (!found_one)
+	    break;
+
+	result = i;
+
+	// Include any trailing white space.
+	while (VIM_ISWHITE(line[i]))
+	    ++i;
+
+	if (include_space)
+	    result = i;
+
+	// If this comment doesn't nest, stop here.
+	got_com = TRUE;
+	if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) == NULL)
+	    break;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the offset at which the last comment in line starts. If there is no
+ * comment in the whole line, -1 is returned.
+ *
+ * When "flags" is not null, it is set to point to the flags describing the
+ * recognized comment leader.
+ */
+    int
+get_last_leader_offset(char_u *line, char_u **flags)
+{
+    int		result = -1;
+    int		i, j;
+    int		lower_check_bound = 0;
+    char_u	*string;
+    char_u	*com_leader;
+    char_u	*com_flags;
+    char_u	*list;
+    int		found_one;
+    char_u	part_buf[COM_MAX_LEN];	// buffer for one option part
+
+    /*
+     * Repeat to match several nested comment strings.
+     */
+    i = (int)STRLEN(line);
+    while (--i >= lower_check_bound)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * scan through the 'comments' option for a match
+	 */
+	found_one = FALSE;
+	for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
+	{
+	    char_u *flags_save = list;
+
+	    /*
+	     * Get one option part into part_buf[].  Advance list to next one.
+	     * put string at start of string.
+	     */
+	    (void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+	    string = vim_strchr(part_buf, ':');
+	    if (string == NULL)	// If everything is fine, this cannot actually
+				// happen.
+		continue;
+	    *string++ = NUL;	// Isolate flags from string.
+	    com_leader = string;
+
+	    /*
+	     * Line contents and string must match.
+	     * When string starts with white space, must have some white space
+	     * (but the amount does not need to match, there might be a mix of
+	     * TABs and spaces).
+	     */
+	    if (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
+	    {
+		if (i == 0 || !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i - 1]))
+		    continue;
+		while (VIM_ISWHITE(*string))
+		    ++string;
+	    }
+	    for (j = 0; string[j] != NUL && string[j] == line[i + j]; ++j)
+		/* do nothing */;
+	    if (string[j] != NUL)
+		continue;
+
+	    /*
+	     * When 'b' flag used, there must be white space or an
+	     * end-of-line after the string in the line.
+	     */
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_BLANK) != NULL
+		    && !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i + j]) && line[i + j] != NUL)
+		continue;
+
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) != NULL)
+	    {
+		// For a middlepart comment, only consider it to match if
+		// everything before the current position in the line is
+		// whitespace.  Otherwise we would think we are inside a
+		// comment if the middle part appears somewhere in the middle
+		// of the line.  E.g. for C the "*" appears often.
+		for (j = 0; VIM_ISWHITE(line[j]) && j <= i; j++)
+		    ;
+		if (j < i)
+		    continue;
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     * We have found a match, stop searching.
+	     */
+	    found_one = TRUE;
+
+	    if (flags)
+		*flags = flags_save;
+	    com_flags = flags_save;
+
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	if (found_one)
+	{
+	    char_u  part_buf2[COM_MAX_LEN];	// buffer for one option part
+	    int     len1, len2, off;
+
+	    result = i;
+	    /*
+	     * If this comment nests, continue searching.
+	     */
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) != NULL)
+		continue;
+
+	    lower_check_bound = i;
+
+	    // Let's verify whether the comment leader found is a substring
+	    // of other comment leaders. If it is, let's adjust the
+	    // lower_check_bound so that we make sure that we have determined
+	    // the comment leader correctly.
+
+	    while (VIM_ISWHITE(*com_leader))
+		++com_leader;
+	    len1 = (int)STRLEN(com_leader);
+
+	    for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
+	    {
+		char_u *flags_save = list;
+
+		(void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf2, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+		if (flags_save == com_flags)
+		    continue;
+		string = vim_strchr(part_buf2, ':');
+		++string;
+		while (VIM_ISWHITE(*string))
+		    ++string;
+		len2 = (int)STRLEN(string);
+		if (len2 == 0)
+		    continue;
+
+		// Now we have to verify whether string ends with a substring
+		// beginning the com_leader.
+		for (off = (len2 > i ? i : len2); off > 0 && off + len1 > len2;)
+		{
+		    --off;
+		    if (!STRNCMP(string + off, com_leader, len2 - off))
+		    {
+			if (i - off < lower_check_bound)
+			    lower_check_bound = i - off;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the number of window lines occupied by buffer line "lnum".
+ * Includes any filler lines.
+ */
+    int
+plines(linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    return plines_win(curwin, lnum, TRUE);
+}
+
+    int
+plines_win(
+    win_T	*wp,
+    linenr_T	lnum,
+    int		winheight)	// when TRUE limit to window height
+{
+#if defined(FEAT_DIFF) || defined(PROTO)
+    // Check for filler lines above this buffer line.  When folded the result
+    // is one line anyway.
+    return plines_win_nofill(wp, lnum, winheight) + diff_check_fill(wp, lnum);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the number of window lines occupied by buffer line "lnum".
+ * Does not include filler lines.
+ */
+    int
+plines_nofill(linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    return plines_win_nofill(curwin, lnum, TRUE);
+}
+
+    int
+plines_win_nofill(
+    win_T	*wp,
+    linenr_T	lnum,
+    int		winheight)	// when TRUE limit to window height
+{
+#endif
+    int		lines;
+
+    if (wp->w_width == 0)
+	return 1;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+    // Folded lines are handled just like an empty line.
+    // NOTE: Caller must handle lines that are MAYBE folded.
+    if (lineFolded(wp, lnum) == TRUE)
+	return 1;
+#endif
+
+    if (!wp->w_p_wrap)
+	lines = 1
+#ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
+	    // add a line for each "above" and "below" aligned text property
+	    + prop_count_above_below(wp->w_buffer, lnum)
+#endif
+	;
+    else
+	lines = plines_win_nofold(wp, lnum);
+
+    if (winheight > 0 && lines > wp->w_height)
+	return wp->w_height;
+    return lines;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return number of window lines physical line "lnum" will occupy in window
+ * "wp".  Does not care about folding, 'wrap' or 'diff'.
+ */
+    int
+plines_win_nofold(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    char_u	*s;
+    long	col;
+    int		width;
+    chartabsize_T cts;
+
+    s = ml_get_buf(wp->w_buffer, lnum, FALSE);
+    init_chartabsize_arg(&cts, wp, lnum, 0, s, s);
+    if (*s == NUL
+#ifdef FEAT_PROP_POPUP
+	    && !cts.cts_has_prop_with_text
+#endif
+	    )
+	return 1; // be quick for an empty line
+    win_linetabsize_cts(&cts, (colnr_T)MAXCOL);
+    clear_chartabsize_arg(&cts);
+    col = (int)cts.cts_vcol;
+
+    // If list mode is on, then the '$' at the end of the line may take up one
+    // extra column.
+    if (wp->w_p_list && wp->w_lcs_chars.eol != NUL)
+	col += 1;
+
+    /*
+     * Add column offset for 'number', 'relativenumber' and 'foldcolumn'.
+     */
+    width = wp->w_width - win_col_off(wp);
+    if (width <= 0)
+	return 32000;
+    if (col <= width)
+	return 1;
+    col -= width;
+    width += win_col_off2(wp);
+    return (col + (width - 1)) / width + 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like plines_win(), but only reports the number of physical screen lines
+ * used from the start of the line to the given column number.
+ */
+    int
+plines_win_col(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum, long column)
+{
+    long	col;
+    int		lines = 0;
+    int		width;
+    char_u	*line;
+    chartabsize_T cts;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+    // Check for filler lines above this buffer line.  When folded the result
+    // is one line anyway.
+    lines = diff_check_fill(wp, lnum);
+#endif
+
+    if (!wp->w_p_wrap)
+	return lines + 1;
+
+    if (wp->w_width == 0)
+	return lines + 1;
+
+    line = ml_get_buf(wp->w_buffer, lnum, FALSE);
+
+    init_chartabsize_arg(&cts, wp, lnum, 0, line, line);
+    while (*cts.cts_ptr != NUL && --column >= 0)
+    {
+	cts.cts_vcol += win_lbr_chartabsize(&cts, NULL);
+	MB_PTR_ADV(cts.cts_ptr);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If *cts.cts_ptr is a TAB, and the TAB is not displayed as ^I, and we're
+     * not in MODE_INSERT state, then col must be adjusted so that it
+     * represents the last screen position of the TAB.  This only fixes an
+     * error when the TAB wraps from one screen line to the next (when
+     * 'columns' is not a multiple of 'ts') -- webb.
+     */
+    col = cts.cts_vcol;
+    if (*cts.cts_ptr == TAB && (State & MODE_NORMAL)
+				    && (!wp->w_p_list || wp->w_lcs_chars.tab1))
+	col += win_lbr_chartabsize(&cts, NULL) - 1;
+    clear_chartabsize_arg(&cts);
+
+    /*
+     * Add column offset for 'number', 'relativenumber', 'foldcolumn', etc.
+     */
+    width = wp->w_width - win_col_off(wp);
+    if (width <= 0)
+	return 9999;
+
+    lines += 1;
+    if (col > width)
+	lines += (col - width) / (width + win_col_off2(wp)) + 1;
+    return lines;
+}
+
+    int
+plines_m_win(win_T *wp, linenr_T first, linenr_T last)
+{
+    int		count = 0;
+
+    while (first <= last)
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+	int	x;
+
+	// Check if there are any really folded lines, but also included lines
+	// that are maybe folded.
+	x = foldedCount(wp, first, NULL);
+	if (x > 0)
+	{
+	    ++count;	    // count 1 for "+-- folded" line
+	    first += x;
+	}
+	else
+#endif
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+	    if (first == wp->w_topline)
+		count += plines_win_nofill(wp, first, TRUE) + wp->w_topfill;
+	    else
+#endif
+		count += plines_win(wp, first, TRUE);
+	    ++first;
+	}
+    }
+    return (count);
+}
+
+    int
+gchar_pos(pos_T *pos)
+{
+    char_u	*ptr;
+
+    // When searching columns is sometimes put at the end of a line.
+    if (pos->col == MAXCOL)
+	return NUL;
+    ptr = ml_get_pos(pos);
+    if (has_mbyte)
+	return (*mb_ptr2char)(ptr);
+    return (int)*ptr;
+}
+
+    int
+gchar_cursor(void)
+{
+    if (has_mbyte)
+	return (*mb_ptr2char)(ml_get_cursor());
+    return (int)*ml_get_cursor();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write a character at the current cursor position.
+ * It is directly written into the block.
+ */
+    void
+pchar_cursor(int c)
+{
+    *(ml_get_buf(curbuf, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, TRUE)
+						  + curwin->w_cursor.col) = c;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Skip to next part of an option argument: Skip space and comma.
+ */
+    char_u *
+skip_to_option_part(char_u *p)
+{
+    if (*p == ',')
+	++p;
+    while (*p == ' ')
+	++p;
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * check_status: called when the status bars for the buffer 'buf'
+ *		 need to be updated
+ */
+    void
+check_status(buf_T *buf)
+{
+    win_T	*wp;
+
+    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
+	if (wp->w_buffer == buf && wp->w_status_height)
+	{
+	    wp->w_redr_status = TRUE;
+	    set_must_redraw(UPD_VALID);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Ask for a reply from the user, a 'y' or a 'n', with prompt "str" (which
+ * should have been translated already).
+ * No other characters are accepted, the message is repeated until a valid
+ * reply is entered or CTRL-C is hit.
+ * If direct is TRUE, don't use vgetc() but ui_inchar(), don't get characters
+ * from any buffers but directly from the user.
+ *
+ * return the 'y' or 'n'
+ */
+    int
+ask_yesno(char_u *str, int direct)
+{
+    int	    r = ' ';
+    int	    save_State = State;
+
+    if (exiting)		// put terminal in raw mode for this question
+	settmode(TMODE_RAW);
+    ++no_wait_return;
+#ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
+    dont_scroll = TRUE;		// disallow scrolling here
+#endif
+    State = MODE_CONFIRM;	// mouse behaves like with :confirm
+    setmouse();			// disables mouse for xterm
+    ++no_mapping;
+    ++allow_keys;		// no mapping here, but recognize keys
+
+    while (r != 'y' && r != 'n')
+    {
+	// same highlighting as for wait_return()
+	smsg_attr(HL_ATTR(HLF_R), "%s (y/n)?", str);
+	if (direct)
+	    r = get_keystroke();
+	else
+	    r = plain_vgetc();
+	if (r == Ctrl_C || r == ESC)
+	    r = 'n';
+	msg_putchar(r);	    // show what you typed
+	out_flush();
+    }
+    --no_wait_return;
+    State = save_State;
+    setmouse();
+    --no_mapping;
+    --allow_keys;
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+
+/*
+ * Returns the current mode as a string in "buf[MODE_MAX_LENGTH]", NUL
+ * terminated.
+ * The first character represents the major mode, the following ones the minor
+ * ones.
+ */
+    void
+get_mode(char_u *buf)
+{
+    int		i = 0;
+
+    if (time_for_testing == 93784)
+    {
+	// Testing the two-character code.
+	buf[i++] = 'x';
+	buf[i++] = '!';
+    }
+#ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
+    else if (term_use_loop())
+	buf[i++] = 't';
+#endif
+    else if (VIsual_active)
+    {
+	if (VIsual_select)
+	    buf[i++] = VIsual_mode + 's' - 'v';
+	else
+	{
+	    buf[i++] = VIsual_mode;
+	    if (restart_VIsual_select)
+		buf[i++] = 's';
+	}
+    }
+    else if (State == MODE_HITRETURN || State == MODE_ASKMORE
+						      || State == MODE_SETWSIZE
+		|| State == MODE_CONFIRM)
+    {
+	buf[i++] = 'r';
+	if (State == MODE_ASKMORE)
+	    buf[i++] = 'm';
+	else if (State == MODE_CONFIRM)
+	    buf[i++] = '?';
+    }
+    else if (State == MODE_EXTERNCMD)
+	buf[i++] = '!';
+    else if (State & MODE_INSERT)
+    {
+	if (State & VREPLACE_FLAG)
+	{
+	    buf[i++] = 'R';
+	    buf[i++] = 'v';
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    if (State & REPLACE_FLAG)
+		buf[i++] = 'R';
+	    else
+		buf[i++] = 'i';
+	}
+
+	if (ins_compl_active())
+	    buf[i++] = 'c';
+	else if (ctrl_x_mode_not_defined_yet())
+	    buf[i++] = 'x';
+    }
+    else if ((State & MODE_CMDLINE) || exmode_active)
+    {
+	buf[i++] = 'c';
+	if (exmode_active == EXMODE_VIM)
+	    buf[i++] = 'v';
+	else if (exmode_active == EXMODE_NORMAL)
+	    buf[i++] = 'e';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	buf[i++] = 'n';
+	if (finish_op)
+	{
+	    buf[i++] = 'o';
+	    // to be able to detect force-linewise/blockwise/characterwise
+	    // operations
+	    buf[i++] = motion_force;
+	}
+	else if (restart_edit == 'I' || restart_edit == 'R'
+							|| restart_edit == 'V')
+	{
+	    buf[i++] = 'i';
+	    buf[i++] = restart_edit;
+	}
+#ifdef FEAT_TERMINAL
+	else if (term_in_normal_mode())
+	    buf[i++] = 't';
+#endif
+    }
+
+    buf[i] = NUL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * "mode()" function
+ */
+    void
+f_mode(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    char_u	buf[MODE_MAX_LENGTH];
+
+    if (in_vim9script() && check_for_opt_bool_arg(argvars, 0) == FAIL)
+	return;
+
+    get_mode(buf);
+
+    // Clear out the minor mode when the argument is not a non-zero number or
+    // non-empty string.
+    if (!non_zero_arg(&argvars[0]))
+	buf[1] = NUL;
+
+    rettv->vval.v_string = vim_strsave(buf);
+    rettv->v_type = VAR_STRING;
+}
+
+    static void
+may_add_state_char(garray_T *gap, char_u *include, int c)
+{
+    if (include == NULL || vim_strchr(include, c) != NULL)
+	ga_append(gap, c);
+}
+
+/*
+ * "state()" function
+ */
+    void
+f_state(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    garray_T	ga;
+    char_u	*include = NULL;
+    int		i;
+
+    if (in_vim9script() && check_for_opt_string_arg(argvars, 0) == FAIL)
+	return;
+
+    ga_init2(&ga, 1, 20);
+    if (argvars[0].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
+	include = tv_get_string(&argvars[0]);
+
+    if (!(stuff_empty() && typebuf.tb_len == 0 && scriptin[curscript] == NULL))
+	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'm');
+    if (op_pending())
+	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'o');
+    if (autocmd_busy)
+	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'x');
+    if (ins_compl_active())
+	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'a');
+
+# ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
+    if (channel_in_blocking_wait())
+	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'w');
+# endif
+    if (!get_was_safe_state())
+	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'S');
+    for (i = 0; i < get_callback_depth() && i < 3; ++i)
+	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 'c');
+    if (msg_scrolled > 0)
+	may_add_state_char(&ga, include, 's');
+
+    rettv->v_type = VAR_STRING;
+    rettv->vval.v_string = ga.ga_data;
+}
+
+#endif // FEAT_EVAL
+
+/*
+ * Get a key stroke directly from the user.
+ * Ignores mouse clicks and scrollbar events, except a click for the left
+ * button (used at the more prompt).
+ * Doesn't use vgetc(), because it syncs undo and eats mapped characters.
+ * Disadvantage: typeahead is ignored.
+ * Translates the interrupt character for unix to ESC.
+ */
+    int
+get_keystroke(void)
+{
+    char_u	*buf = NULL;
+    int		buflen = 150;
+    int		maxlen;
+    int		len = 0;
+    int		n;
+    int		save_mapped_ctrl_c = mapped_ctrl_c;
+    int		waited = 0;
+
+    mapped_ctrl_c = FALSE;	// mappings are not used here
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	cursor_on();
+	out_flush();
+
+	// Leave some room for check_termcode() to insert a key code into (max
+	// 5 chars plus NUL).  And fix_input_buffer() can triple the number of
+	// bytes.
+	maxlen = (buflen - 6 - len) / 3;
+	if (buf == NULL)
+	    buf = alloc(buflen);
+	else if (maxlen < 10)
+	{
+	    char_u  *t_buf = buf;
+
+	    // Need some more space. This might happen when receiving a long
+	    // escape sequence.
+	    buflen += 100;
+	    buf = vim_realloc(buf, buflen);
+	    if (buf == NULL)
+		vim_free(t_buf);
+	    maxlen = (buflen - 6 - len) / 3;
+	}
+	if (buf == NULL)
+	{
+	    do_outofmem_msg((long_u)buflen);
+	    return ESC;  // panic!
+	}
+
+	// First time: blocking wait.  Second time: wait up to 100ms for a
+	// terminal code to complete.
+	n = ui_inchar(buf + len, maxlen, len == 0 ? -1L : 100L, 0);
+	if (n > 0)
+	{
+	    // Replace zero and CSI by a special key code.
+	    n = fix_input_buffer(buf + len, n);
+	    len += n;
+	    waited = 0;
+	}
+	else if (len > 0)
+	    ++waited;	    // keep track of the waiting time
+
+	// Incomplete termcode and not timed out yet: get more characters
+	if ((n = check_termcode(1, buf, buflen, &len)) < 0
+	       && (!p_ttimeout || waited * 100L < (p_ttm < 0 ? p_tm : p_ttm)))
+	    continue;
+
+	if (n == KEYLEN_REMOVED)  // key code removed
+	{
+	    if (must_redraw != 0 && !need_wait_return && (State
+			& (MODE_CMDLINE | MODE_HITRETURN | MODE_ASKMORE)) == 0)
+	    {
+		// Redrawing was postponed, do it now.
+		update_screen(0);
+		setcursor(); // put cursor back where it belongs
+	    }
+	    continue;
+	}
+	if (n > 0)		// found a termcode: adjust length
+	    len = n;
+	if (len == 0)		// nothing typed yet
+	    continue;
+
+	// Handle modifier and/or special key code.
+	n = buf[0];
+	if (n == K_SPECIAL)
+	{
+	    n = TO_SPECIAL(buf[1], buf[2]);
+	    if (buf[1] == KS_MODIFIER
+		    || n == K_IGNORE
+		    || (is_mouse_key(n) && n != K_LEFTMOUSE)
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+		    || n == K_VER_SCROLLBAR
+		    || n == K_HOR_SCROLLBAR
+#endif
+	       )
+	    {
+		if (buf[1] == KS_MODIFIER)
+		    mod_mask = buf[2];
+		len -= 3;
+		if (len > 0)
+		    mch_memmove(buf, buf + 3, (size_t)len);
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	}
+	if (has_mbyte)
+	{
+	    if (MB_BYTE2LEN(n) > len)
+		continue;	// more bytes to get
+	    buf[len >= buflen ? buflen - 1 : len] = NUL;
+	    n = (*mb_ptr2char)(buf);
+	}
+#ifdef UNIX
+	if (n == intr_char)
+	    n = ESC;
+#endif
+	break;
+    }
+    vim_free(buf);
+
+    mapped_ctrl_c = save_mapped_ctrl_c;
+    return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a number from the user.
+ * When "mouse_used" is not NULL allow using the mouse.
+ */
+    int
+get_number(
+    int	    colon,			// allow colon to abort
+    int	    *mouse_used)
+{
+    int	n = 0;
+    int	c;
+    int typed = 0;
+
+    if (mouse_used != NULL)
+	*mouse_used = FALSE;
+
+    // When not printing messages, the user won't know what to type, return a
+    // zero (as if CR was hit).
+    if (msg_silent != 0)
+	return 0;
+
+#ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
+    dont_scroll = TRUE;		// disallow scrolling here
+#endif
+    ++no_mapping;
+    ++allow_keys;		// no mapping here, but recognize keys
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
+	c = safe_vgetc();
+	if (VIM_ISDIGIT(c))
+	{
+	    n = n * 10 + c - '0';
+	    msg_putchar(c);
+	    ++typed;
+	}
+	else if (c == K_DEL || c == K_KDEL || c == K_BS || c == Ctrl_H)
+	{
+	    if (typed > 0)
+	    {
+		msg_puts("\b \b");
+		--typed;
+	    }
+	    n /= 10;
+	}
+	else if (mouse_used != NULL && c == K_LEFTMOUSE)
+	{
+	    *mouse_used = TRUE;
+	    n = mouse_row + 1;
+	    break;
+	}
+	else if (n == 0 && c == ':' && colon)
+	{
+	    stuffcharReadbuff(':');
+	    if (!exmode_active)
+		cmdline_row = msg_row;
+	    skip_redraw = TRUE;	    // skip redraw once
+	    do_redraw = FALSE;
+	    break;
+	}
+	else if (c == Ctrl_C || c == ESC || c == 'q')
+	{
+	    n = 0;
+	    break;
+	}
+	else if (c == CAR || c == NL )
+	    break;
+    }
+    --no_mapping;
+    --allow_keys;
+    return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Ask the user to enter a number.
+ * When "mouse_used" is not NULL allow using the mouse and in that case return
+ * the line number.
+ */
+    int
+prompt_for_number(int *mouse_used)
+{
+    int		i;
+    int		save_cmdline_row;
+    int		save_State;
+
+    // When using ":silent" assume that <CR> was entered.
+    if (mouse_used != NULL)
+	msg_puts(_("Type number and <Enter> or click with the mouse (q or empty cancels): "));
+    else
+	msg_puts(_("Type number and <Enter> (q or empty cancels): "));
+
+    // Set the state such that text can be selected/copied/pasted and we still
+    // get mouse events. redraw_after_callback() will not redraw if cmdline_row
+    // is zero.
+    save_cmdline_row = cmdline_row;
+    cmdline_row = 0;
+    save_State = State;
+    State = MODE_CMDLINE;
+    // May show different mouse shape.
+    setmouse();
+
+    i = get_number(TRUE, mouse_used);
+    if (KeyTyped)
+    {
+	// don't call wait_return() now
+	if (msg_row > 0)
+	    cmdline_row = msg_row - 1;
+	need_wait_return = FALSE;
+	msg_didany = FALSE;
+	msg_didout = FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+	cmdline_row = save_cmdline_row;
+    State = save_State;
+    // May need to restore mouse shape.
+    setmouse();
+
+    return i;
+}
+
+    void
+msgmore(long n)
+{
+    long pn;
+
+    if (global_busy	    // no messages now, wait until global is finished
+	    || !messaging())  // 'lazyredraw' set, don't do messages now
+	return;
+
+    // We don't want to overwrite another important message, but do overwrite
+    // a previous "more lines" or "fewer lines" message, so that "5dd" and
+    // then "put" reports the last action.
+    if (keep_msg != NULL && !keep_msg_more)
+	return;
+
+    if (n > 0)
+	pn = n;
+    else
+	pn = -n;
+
+    if (pn > p_report)
+    {
+	if (n > 0)
+	    vim_snprintf(msg_buf, MSG_BUF_LEN,
+		    NGETTEXT("%ld more line", "%ld more lines", pn), pn);
+	else
+	    vim_snprintf(msg_buf, MSG_BUF_LEN,
+		    NGETTEXT("%ld line less", "%ld fewer lines", pn), pn);
+	if (got_int)
+	    vim_strcat((char_u *)msg_buf, (char_u *)_(" (Interrupted)"),
+								  MSG_BUF_LEN);
+	if (msg(msg_buf))
+	{
+	    set_keep_msg((char_u *)msg_buf, 0);
+	    keep_msg_more = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * flush map and typeahead buffers and give a warning for an error
+ */
+    void
+beep_flush(void)
+{
+    if (emsg_silent == 0)
+    {
+	flush_buffers(FLUSH_MINIMAL);
+	vim_beep(BO_ERROR);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Give a warning for an error. "val" is one of the BO_ values, e.g., BO_OPER.
+ */
+    void
+vim_beep(unsigned val)
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    called_vim_beep = TRUE;
+#endif
+
+    if (emsg_silent != 0 || in_assert_fails)
+	return;
+
+    if (!((bo_flags & val) || (bo_flags & BO_ALL)))
+    {
+#ifdef ELAPSED_FUNC
+	static int		did_init = FALSE;
+	static elapsed_T	start_tv;
+
+	// Only beep once per half a second, otherwise a sequence of beeps
+	// would freeze Vim.
+	if (!did_init || ELAPSED_FUNC(start_tv) > 500)
+	{
+	    did_init = TRUE;
+	    ELAPSED_INIT(start_tv);
+#endif
+	    if (p_vb
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+		    // While the GUI is starting up the termcap is set for
+		    // the GUI but the output still goes to a terminal.
+		    && !(gui.in_use && gui.starting)
+#endif
+	       )
+	    {
+		out_str_cf(T_VB);
+#ifdef FEAT_VTP
+		// No restore color information, refresh the screen.
+		if (has_vtp_working() != 0
+# ifdef FEAT_TERMGUICOLORS
+			&& (p_tgc || (!p_tgc && t_colors >= 256))
+# endif
+		   )
+		{
+		    redraw_later(UPD_CLEAR);
+		    update_screen(0);
+		    redrawcmd();
+		}
+#endif
+	    }
+	    else
+		out_char(BELL);
+#ifdef ELAPSED_FUNC
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // When 'debug' contains "beep" produce a message.  If we are sourcing
+    // a script or executing a function give the user a hint where the beep
+    // comes from.
+    if (vim_strchr(p_debug, 'e') != NULL)
+    {
+	msg_source(HL_ATTR(HLF_W));
+	msg_attr(_("Beep!"), HL_ATTR(HLF_W));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * To get the "real" home directory:
+ * - get value of $HOME
+ * For Unix:
+ *  - go to that directory
+ *  - do mch_dirname() to get the real name of that directory.
+ *  This also works with mounts and links.
+ *  Don't do this for MS-DOS, it will change the "current dir" for a drive.
+ * For Windows:
+ *  This code is duplicated in init_homedir() in dosinst.c.  Keep in sync!
+ */
+    void
+init_homedir(void)
+{
+    char_u  *var;
+
+    // In case we are called a second time (when 'encoding' changes).
+    VIM_CLEAR(homedir);
+
+#ifdef VMS
+    var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"SYS$LOGIN");
+#else
+    var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOME");
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MSWIN
+    /*
+     * Typically, $HOME is not defined on Windows, unless the user has
+     * specifically defined it for Vim's sake.  However, on Windows NT
+     * platforms, $HOMEDRIVE and $HOMEPATH are automatically defined for
+     * each user.  Try constructing $HOME from these.
+     */
+    if (var == NULL || *var == NUL)
+    {
+	char_u *homedrive, *homepath;
+
+	homedrive = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOMEDRIVE");
+	homepath = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOMEPATH");
+	if (homepath == NULL || *homepath == NUL)
+	    homepath = (char_u *)"\\";
+	if (homedrive != NULL
+			   && STRLEN(homedrive) + STRLEN(homepath) < MAXPATHL)
+	{
+	    sprintf((char *)NameBuff, "%s%s", homedrive, homepath);
+	    if (NameBuff[0] != NUL)
+		var = NameBuff;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (var == NULL)
+	var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"USERPROFILE");
+
+    /*
+     * Weird but true: $HOME may contain an indirect reference to another
+     * variable, esp. "%USERPROFILE%".  Happens when $USERPROFILE isn't set
+     * when $HOME is being set.
+     */
+    if (var != NULL && *var == '%')
+    {
+	char_u	*p;
+	char_u	*exp;
+
+	p = vim_strchr(var + 1, '%');
+	if (p != NULL)
+	{
+	    vim_strncpy(NameBuff, var + 1, p - (var + 1));
+	    exp = mch_getenv(NameBuff);
+	    if (exp != NULL && *exp != NUL
+					&& STRLEN(exp) + STRLEN(p) < MAXPATHL)
+	    {
+		vim_snprintf((char *)NameBuff, MAXPATHL, "%s%s", exp, p + 1);
+		var = NameBuff;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (var != NULL && *var == NUL)	// empty is same as not set
+	var = NULL;
+
+    if (enc_utf8 && var != NULL)
+    {
+	int	len;
+	char_u  *pp = NULL;
+
+	// Convert from active codepage to UTF-8.  Other conversions are
+	// not done, because they would fail for non-ASCII characters.
+	acp_to_enc(var, (int)STRLEN(var), &pp, &len);
+	if (pp != NULL)
+	{
+	    homedir = pp;
+	    return;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Default home dir is C:/
+     * Best assumption we can make in such a situation.
+     */
+    if (var == NULL)
+	var = (char_u *)"C:/";
+#endif
+
+    if (var != NULL)
+    {
+#ifdef UNIX
+	/*
+	 * Change to the directory and get the actual path.  This resolves
+	 * links.  Don't do it when we can't return.
+	 */
+	if (mch_dirname(NameBuff, MAXPATHL) == OK
+					  && mch_chdir((char *)NameBuff) == 0)
+	{
+	    if (!mch_chdir((char *)var) && mch_dirname(IObuff, IOSIZE) == OK)
+		var = IObuff;
+	    if (mch_chdir((char *)NameBuff) != 0)
+		emsg(_(e_cannot_go_back_to_previous_directory));
+	}
+#endif
+	homedir = vim_strsave(var);
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
+    void
+free_homedir(void)
+{
+    vim_free(homedir);
+}
+
+    void
+free_users(void)
+{
+    ga_clear_strings(&ga_users);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MSWIN) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Initialize $VIM and $VIMRUNTIME when 'enc' is updated.
+ */
+    void
+init_vimdir(void)
+{
+    int	    mustfree;
+    char_u  *p;
+
+    mch_get_exe_name();
+
+    mustfree = FALSE;
+    didset_vim = FALSE;
+    p = vim_getenv((char_u *)"VIM", &mustfree);
+    if (mustfree)
+	vim_free(p);
+
+    mustfree = FALSE;
+    didset_vimruntime = FALSE;
+    p = vim_getenv((char_u *)"VIMRUNTIME", &mustfree);
+    if (mustfree)
+	vim_free(p);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Call expand_env() and store the result in an allocated string.
+ * This is not very memory efficient, this expects the result to be freed
+ * again soon.
+ */
+    char_u *
+expand_env_save(char_u *src)
+{
+    return expand_env_save_opt(src, FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Idem, but when "one" is TRUE handle the string as one file name, only
+ * expand "~" at the start.
+ */
+    char_u *
+expand_env_save_opt(char_u *src, int one)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    p = alloc(MAXPATHL);
+    if (p != NULL)
+	expand_env_esc(src, p, MAXPATHL, FALSE, one, NULL);
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand environment variable with path name.
+ * "~/" is also expanded, using $HOME.	For Unix "~user/" is expanded.
+ * Skips over "\ ", "\~" and "\$" (not for Win32 though).
+ * If anything fails no expansion is done and dst equals src.
+ */
+    void
+expand_env(
+    char_u	*src,		// input string e.g. "$HOME/vim.hlp"
+    char_u	*dst,		// where to put the result
+    int		dstlen)		// maximum length of the result
+{
+    expand_env_esc(src, dst, dstlen, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+}
+
+    void
+expand_env_esc(
+    char_u	*srcp,		// input string e.g. "$HOME/vim.hlp"
+    char_u	*dst,		// where to put the result
+    int		dstlen,		// maximum length of the result
+    int		esc,		// escape spaces in expanded variables
+    int		one,		// "srcp" is one file name
+    char_u	*startstr)	// start again after this (can be NULL)
+{
+    char_u	*src;
+    char_u	*tail;
+    int		c;
+    char_u	*var;
+    int		copy_char;
+    int		mustfree;	// var was allocated, need to free it later
+    int		at_start = TRUE; // at start of a name
+    int		startstr_len = 0;
+#if defined(BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME) || defined(AMIGA)
+    char_u	*save_dst = dst;
+#endif
+
+    if (startstr != NULL)
+	startstr_len = (int)STRLEN(startstr);
+
+    src = skipwhite(srcp);
+    --dstlen;		    // leave one char space for "\,"
+    while (*src && dstlen > 0)
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	// Skip over `=expr`.
+	if (src[0] == '`' && src[1] == '=')
+	{
+	    size_t len;
+
+	    var = src;
+	    src += 2;
+	    (void)skip_expr(&src, NULL);
+	    if (*src == '`')
+		++src;
+	    len = src - var;
+	    if (len > (size_t)dstlen)
+		len = dstlen;
+	    vim_strncpy(dst, var, len);
+	    dst += len;
+	    dstlen -= (int)len;
+	    continue;
+	}
+#endif
+	copy_char = TRUE;
+	if ((*src == '$'
+#ifdef VMS
+		    && at_start
+#endif
+	   )
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+		|| *src == '%'
+#endif
+		|| (*src == '~' && at_start))
+	{
+	    mustfree = FALSE;
+
+	    /*
+	     * The variable name is copied into dst temporarily, because it may
+	     * be a string in read-only memory and a NUL needs to be appended.
+	     */
+	    if (*src != '~')				// environment var
+	    {
+		tail = src + 1;
+		var = dst;
+		c = dstlen - 1;
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+		// Unix has ${var-name} type environment vars
+		if (*tail == '{' && !vim_isIDc('{'))
+		{
+		    tail++;	// ignore '{'
+		    while (c-- > 0 && *tail && *tail != '}')
+			*var++ = *tail++;
+		}
+		else
+#endif
+		{
+		    while (c-- > 0 && *tail != NUL && ((vim_isIDc(*tail))
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+			    || (*src == '%' && *tail != '%')
+#endif
+			    ))
+			*var++ = *tail++;
+		}
+
+#if defined(MSWIN) || defined(UNIX)
+# ifdef UNIX
+		if (src[1] == '{' && *tail != '}')
+# else
+		if (*src == '%' && *tail != '%')
+# endif
+		    var = NULL;
+		else
+		{
+# ifdef UNIX
+		    if (src[1] == '{')
+# else
+		    if (*src == '%')
+#endif
+			++tail;
+#endif
+		    *var = NUL;
+		    var = vim_getenv(dst, &mustfree);
+#if defined(MSWIN) || defined(UNIX)
+		}
+#endif
+	    }
+							// home directory
+	    else if (  src[1] == NUL
+		    || vim_ispathsep(src[1])
+		    || vim_strchr((char_u *)" ,\t\n", src[1]) != NULL)
+	    {
+		var = homedir;
+		tail = src + 1;
+	    }
+	    else					// user directory
+	    {
+#if defined(UNIX) || (defined(VMS) && defined(USER_HOME))
+		/*
+		 * Copy ~user to dst[], so we can put a NUL after it.
+		 */
+		tail = src;
+		var = dst;
+		c = dstlen - 1;
+		while (	   c-- > 0
+			&& *tail
+			&& vim_isfilec(*tail)
+			&& !vim_ispathsep(*tail))
+		    *var++ = *tail++;
+		*var = NUL;
+# ifdef UNIX
+		/*
+		 * If the system supports getpwnam(), use it.
+		 * Otherwise, or if getpwnam() fails, the shell is used to
+		 * expand ~user.  This is slower and may fail if the shell
+		 * does not support ~user (old versions of /bin/sh).
+		 */
+#  if defined(HAVE_GETPWNAM) && defined(HAVE_PWD_H)
+		{
+		    // Note: memory allocated by getpwnam() is never freed.
+		    // Calling endpwent() apparently doesn't help.
+		    struct passwd *pw = (*dst == NUL)
+					? NULL : getpwnam((char *)dst + 1);
+
+		    var = (pw == NULL) ? NULL : (char_u *)pw->pw_dir;
+		}
+		if (var == NULL)
+#  endif
+		{
+		    expand_T	xpc;
+
+		    ExpandInit(&xpc);
+		    xpc.xp_context = EXPAND_FILES;
+		    var = ExpandOne(&xpc, dst, NULL,
+				WILD_ADD_SLASH|WILD_SILENT, WILD_EXPAND_FREE);
+		    mustfree = TRUE;
+		}
+
+# else	// !UNIX, thus VMS
+		/*
+		 * USER_HOME is a comma-separated list of
+		 * directories to search for the user account in.
+		 */
+		{
+		    char_u	test[MAXPATHL], paths[MAXPATHL];
+		    char_u	*path, *next_path, *ptr;
+		    stat_T	st;
+
+		    STRCPY(paths, USER_HOME);
+		    next_path = paths;
+		    while (*next_path)
+		    {
+			for (path = next_path; *next_path && *next_path != ',';
+				next_path++);
+			if (*next_path)
+			    *next_path++ = NUL;
+			STRCPY(test, path);
+			STRCAT(test, "/");
+			STRCAT(test, dst + 1);
+			if (mch_stat(test, &st) == 0)
+			{
+			    var = alloc(STRLEN(test) + 1);
+			    STRCPY(var, test);
+			    mustfree = TRUE;
+			    break;
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+# endif // UNIX
+#else
+		// cannot expand user's home directory, so don't try
+		var = NULL;
+		tail = (char_u *)"";	// for gcc
+#endif // UNIX || VMS
+	    }
+
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	    // If 'shellslash' is set change backslashes to forward slashes.
+	    // Can't use slash_adjust(), p_ssl may be set temporarily.
+	    if (p_ssl && var != NULL && vim_strchr(var, '\\') != NULL)
+	    {
+		char_u	*p = vim_strsave(var);
+
+		if (p != NULL)
+		{
+		    if (mustfree)
+			vim_free(var);
+		    var = p;
+		    mustfree = TRUE;
+		    forward_slash(var);
+		}
+	    }
+#endif
+
+	    // If "var" contains white space, escape it with a backslash.
+	    // Required for ":e ~/tt" when $HOME includes a space.
+	    if (esc && var != NULL && vim_strpbrk(var, (char_u *)" \t") != NULL)
+	    {
+		char_u	*p = vim_strsave_escaped(var, (char_u *)" \t");
+
+		if (p != NULL)
+		{
+		    if (mustfree)
+			vim_free(var);
+		    var = p;
+		    mustfree = TRUE;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (var != NULL && *var != NUL
+		    && (STRLEN(var) + STRLEN(tail) + 1 < (unsigned)dstlen))
+	    {
+		STRCPY(dst, var);
+		dstlen -= (int)STRLEN(var);
+		c = (int)STRLEN(var);
+		// if var[] ends in a path separator and tail[] starts
+		// with it, skip a character
+		if (after_pathsep(dst, dst + c)
+#if defined(BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME) || defined(AMIGA)
+			&& (dst == save_dst || dst[-1] != ':')
+#endif
+			&& vim_ispathsep(*tail))
+		    ++tail;
+		dst += c;
+		src = tail;
+		copy_char = FALSE;
+	    }
+	    if (mustfree)
+		vim_free(var);
+	}
+
+	if (copy_char)	    // copy at least one char
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * Recognize the start of a new name, for '~'.
+	     * Don't do this when "one" is TRUE, to avoid expanding "~" in
+	     * ":edit foo ~ foo".
+	     */
+	    at_start = FALSE;
+	    if (src[0] == '\\' && src[1] != NUL)
+	    {
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+		--dstlen;
+	    }
+	    else if ((src[0] == ' ' || src[0] == ',') && !one)
+		at_start = TRUE;
+	    if (dstlen > 0)
+	    {
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+		--dstlen;
+
+		if (startstr != NULL && src - startstr_len >= srcp
+			&& STRNCMP(src - startstr_len, startstr,
+							    startstr_len) == 0)
+		    at_start = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+
+    }
+    *dst = NUL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the string between "p" and "pend" ends in "name/", return "pend" minus
+ * the length of "name/".  Otherwise return "pend".
+ */
+    static char_u *
+remove_tail(char_u *p, char_u *pend, char_u *name)
+{
+    int		len = (int)STRLEN(name) + 1;
+    char_u	*newend = pend - len;
+
+    if (newend >= p
+	    && fnamencmp(newend, name, len - 1) == 0
+	    && (newend == p || after_pathsep(p, newend)))
+	return newend;
+    return pend;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the directory "vimdir/<version>" or "vimdir/runtime" exists.
+ * Return NULL if not, return its name in allocated memory otherwise.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+vim_version_dir(char_u *vimdir)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (vimdir == NULL || *vimdir == NUL)
+	return NULL;
+    p = concat_fnames(vimdir, (char_u *)VIM_VERSION_NODOT, TRUE);
+    if (p != NULL && mch_isdir(p))
+	return p;
+    vim_free(p);
+    p = concat_fnames(vimdir, (char_u *)RUNTIME_DIRNAME, TRUE);
+    if (p != NULL && mch_isdir(p))
+    {
+	char_u *fname = concat_fnames(p, (char_u *)"defaults.vim", TRUE);
+
+	// Check that "defaults.vim" exists in this directory, to avoid picking
+	// up a stray "runtime" directory, it would make many tests fail in
+	// mysterious ways.
+	if (fname != NULL)
+	{
+	    int exists = file_is_readable(fname);
+
+	    vim_free(fname);
+	    if (exists)
+		return p;
+	}
+    }
+    vim_free(p);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Vim's version of getenv().
+ * Special handling of $HOME, $VIM and $VIMRUNTIME.
+ * Also does ACP to 'enc' conversion for Win32.
+ * "mustfree" is set to TRUE when the returned string is allocated.  It must be
+ * initialized to FALSE by the caller.
+ */
+    char_u *
+vim_getenv(char_u *name, int *mustfree)
+{
+    char_u	*p = NULL;
+    char_u	*pend;
+    int		vimruntime;
+#ifdef MSWIN
+    WCHAR	*wn, *wp;
+
+    // use "C:/" when $HOME is not set
+    if (STRCMP(name, "HOME") == 0)
+	return homedir;
+
+    // Use Wide function
+    wn = enc_to_utf16(name, NULL);
+    if (wn == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+
+    wp = _wgetenv(wn);
+    vim_free(wn);
+
+    if (wp != NULL && *wp == NUL)   // empty is the same as not set
+	wp = NULL;
+
+    if (wp != NULL)
+    {
+	p = utf16_to_enc(wp, NULL);
+	if (p == NULL)
+	    return NULL;
+
+	*mustfree = TRUE;
+	return p;
+    }
+#else
+    p = mch_getenv(name);
+    if (p != NULL && *p == NUL)	    // empty is the same as not set
+	p = NULL;
+
+    if (p != NULL)
+	return p;
+
+# ifdef __HAIKU__
+    // special handling for user settings directory...
+    if (STRCMP(name, "BE_USER_SETTINGS") == 0)
+    {
+	static char userSettingsPath[MAXPATHL];
+
+	if (find_directory(B_USER_SETTINGS_DIRECTORY, 0, false,
+					   userSettingsPath, MAXPATHL) == B_OK)
+	    return (char_u *)userSettingsPath;
+	else
+	    return NULL;
+    }
+# endif
+#endif
+
+    // handling $VIMRUNTIME and $VIM is below, bail out if it's another name.
+    vimruntime = (STRCMP(name, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0);
+    if (!vimruntime && STRCMP(name, "VIM") != 0)
+	return NULL;
+
+    /*
+     * When expanding $VIMRUNTIME fails, try using $VIM/vim<version> or $VIM.
+     * Don't do this when default_vimruntime_dir is non-empty.
+     */
+    if (vimruntime
+#ifdef HAVE_PATHDEF
+	    && *default_vimruntime_dir == NUL
+#endif
+       )
+    {
+#ifdef MSWIN
+	// Use Wide function
+	wp = _wgetenv(L"VIM");
+	if (wp != NULL && *wp == NUL)	    // empty is the same as not set
+	    wp = NULL;
+	if (wp != NULL)
+	{
+	    char_u *q = utf16_to_enc(wp, NULL);
+	    if (q != NULL)
+	    {
+		p = vim_version_dir(q);
+		*mustfree = TRUE;
+		if (p == NULL)
+		    p = q;
+	    }
+	}
+#else
+	p = mch_getenv((char_u *)"VIM");
+	if (p != NULL && *p == NUL)	    // empty is the same as not set
+	    p = NULL;
+	if (p != NULL)
+	{
+	    p = vim_version_dir(p);
+	    if (p != NULL)
+		*mustfree = TRUE;
+	    else
+		p = mch_getenv((char_u *)"VIM");
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * When expanding $VIM or $VIMRUNTIME fails, try using:
+     * - the directory name from 'helpfile' (unless it contains '$')
+     * - the executable name from argv[0]
+     */
+    if (p == NULL)
+    {
+	if (p_hf != NULL && vim_strchr(p_hf, '$') == NULL)
+	    p = p_hf;
+#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
+	/*
+	 * Use the name of the executable, obtained from argv[0].
+	 */
+	else
+	    p = exe_name;
+#endif
+	if (p != NULL)
+	{
+	    // remove the file name
+	    pend = gettail(p);
+
+	    // remove "doc/" from 'helpfile', if present
+	    if (p == p_hf)
+		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"doc");
+
+#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+	    // remove "MacOS" from exe_name and add "Resources/vim"
+	    if (p == exe_name)
+	    {
+		char_u	*pend1;
+		char_u	*pnew;
+
+		pend1 = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"MacOS");
+		if (pend1 != pend)
+		{
+		    pnew = alloc(pend1 - p + 15);
+		    if (pnew != NULL)
+		    {
+			STRNCPY(pnew, p, (pend1 - p));
+			STRCPY(pnew + (pend1 - p), "Resources/vim");
+			p = pnew;
+			pend = p + STRLEN(p);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+# endif
+	    // remove "src/" from exe_name, if present
+	    if (p == exe_name)
+		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"src");
+#endif
+
+	    // for $VIM, remove "runtime/" or "vim54/", if present
+	    if (!vimruntime)
+	    {
+		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)RUNTIME_DIRNAME);
+		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)VIM_VERSION_NODOT);
+	    }
+
+	    // remove trailing path separator
+	    if (pend > p && after_pathsep(p, pend))
+		--pend;
+
+#ifdef MACOS_X
+	    if (p == exe_name || p == p_hf)
+#endif
+		// check that the result is a directory name
+		p = vim_strnsave(p, pend - p);
+
+	    if (p != NULL && !mch_isdir(p))
+		VIM_CLEAR(p);
+	    else
+	    {
+#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
+		// may add "/vim54" or "/runtime" if it exists
+		if (vimruntime && (pend = vim_version_dir(p)) != NULL)
+		{
+		    vim_free(p);
+		    p = pend;
+		}
+#endif
+		*mustfree = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PATHDEF
+    // When there is a pathdef.c file we can use default_vim_dir and
+    // default_vimruntime_dir
+    if (p == NULL)
+    {
+	// Only use default_vimruntime_dir when it is not empty
+	if (vimruntime && *default_vimruntime_dir != NUL)
+	{
+	    p = default_vimruntime_dir;
+	    *mustfree = FALSE;
+	}
+	else if (*default_vim_dir != NUL)
+	{
+	    if (vimruntime && (p = vim_version_dir(default_vim_dir)) != NULL)
+		*mustfree = TRUE;
+	    else
+	    {
+		p = default_vim_dir;
+		*mustfree = FALSE;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Set the environment variable, so that the new value can be found fast
+     * next time, and others can also use it (e.g. Perl).
+     */
+    if (p != NULL)
+    {
+	if (vimruntime)
+	{
+	    vim_setenv((char_u *)"VIMRUNTIME", p);
+	    didset_vimruntime = TRUE;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    vim_setenv((char_u *)"VIM", p);
+	    didset_vim = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+    void
+vim_unsetenv(char_u *var)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_UNSETENV
+    unsetenv((char *)var);
+#else
+    vim_setenv(var, (char_u *)"");
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Removes environment variable "name" and take care of side effects.
+ */
+    void
+vim_unsetenv_ext(char_u *var)
+{
+    vim_unsetenv(var);
+
+    // "homedir" is not cleared, keep using the old value until $HOME is set.
+    if (STRICMP(var, "VIM") == 0)
+	didset_vim = FALSE;
+    else if (STRICMP(var, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0)
+	didset_vimruntime = FALSE;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Set environment variable "name" and take care of side effects.
+ */
+    void
+vim_setenv_ext(char_u *name, char_u *val)
+{
+    vim_setenv(name, val);
+    if (STRICMP(name, "HOME") == 0)
+	init_homedir();
+    else if (didset_vim && STRICMP(name, "VIM") == 0)
+	didset_vim = FALSE;
+    else if (didset_vimruntime && STRICMP(name, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0)
+	didset_vimruntime = FALSE;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Our portable version of setenv.
+ */
+    void
+vim_setenv(char_u *name, char_u *val)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_SETENV
+    mch_setenv((char *)name, (char *)val, 1);
+#else
+    char_u	*envbuf;
+
+    /*
+     * Putenv does not copy the string, it has to remain
+     * valid.  The allocated memory will never be freed.
+     */
+    envbuf = alloc(STRLEN(name) + STRLEN(val) + 2);
+    if (envbuf != NULL)
+    {
+	sprintf((char *)envbuf, "%s=%s", name, val);
+	putenv((char *)envbuf);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_GETTEXT
+    /*
+     * When setting $VIMRUNTIME adjust the directory to find message
+     * translations to $VIMRUNTIME/lang.
+     */
+    if (*val != NUL && STRICMP(name, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0)
+    {
+	char_u	*buf = concat_str(val, (char_u *)"/lang");
+
+	if (buf != NULL)
+	{
+	    bindtextdomain(VIMPACKAGE, (char *)buf);
+	    vim_free(buf);
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain an environment variable name.
+ */
+    char_u *
+get_env_name(
+    expand_T	*xp UNUSED,
+    int		idx)
+{
+#if defined(AMIGA)
+    // No environ[] on the Amiga.
+    return NULL;
+#else
+# ifndef __WIN32__
+    // Borland C++ 5.2 has this in a header file.
+    extern char		**environ;
+# endif
+    char_u		*str;
+    int			n;
+
+    str = (char_u *)environ[idx];
+    if (str == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+
+    for (n = 0; n < EXPAND_BUF_LEN - 1; ++n)
+    {
+	if (str[n] == '=' || str[n] == NUL)
+	    break;
+	xp->xp_buf[n] = str[n];
+    }
+    xp->xp_buf[n] = NUL;
+    return xp->xp_buf;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a user name to the list of users in ga_users.
+ * Do nothing if user name is NULL or empty.
+ */
+    static void
+add_user(char_u *user, int need_copy)
+{
+    char_u	*user_copy = (user != NULL && need_copy)
+						    ? vim_strsave(user) : user;
+
+    if (user_copy == NULL || *user_copy == NUL || ga_grow(&ga_users, 1) == FAIL)
+    {
+	if (need_copy)
+	    vim_free(user);
+	return;
+    }
+    ((char_u **)(ga_users.ga_data))[ga_users.ga_len++] = user_copy;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find all user names for user completion.
+ * Done only once and then cached.
+ */
+    static void
+init_users(void)
+{
+    static int	lazy_init_done = FALSE;
+
+    if (lazy_init_done)
+	return;
+
+    lazy_init_done = TRUE;
+    ga_init2(&ga_users, sizeof(char_u *), 20);
+
+# if defined(HAVE_GETPWENT) && defined(HAVE_PWD_H)
+    {
+	struct passwd*	pw;
+
+	setpwent();
+	while ((pw = getpwent()) != NULL)
+	    add_user((char_u *)pw->pw_name, TRUE);
+	endpwent();
+    }
+# elif defined(MSWIN)
+    {
+	DWORD		nusers = 0, ntotal = 0, i;
+	PUSER_INFO_0	uinfo;
+
+	if (NetUserEnum(NULL, 0, 0, (LPBYTE *) &uinfo, MAX_PREFERRED_LENGTH,
+				       &nusers, &ntotal, NULL) == NERR_Success)
+	{
+	    for (i = 0; i < nusers; i++)
+		add_user(utf16_to_enc(uinfo[i].usri0_name, NULL), FALSE);
+
+	    NetApiBufferFree(uinfo);
+	}
+    }
+# endif
+# if defined(HAVE_GETPWNAM)
+    {
+	char_u	*user_env = mch_getenv((char_u *)"USER");
+
+	// The $USER environment variable may be a valid remote user name (NIS,
+	// LDAP) not already listed by getpwent(), as getpwent() only lists
+	// local user names.  If $USER is not already listed, check whether it
+	// is a valid remote user name using getpwnam() and if it is, add it to
+	// the list of user names.
+
+	if (user_env != NULL && *user_env != NUL)
+	{
+	    int	i;
+
+	    for (i = 0; i < ga_users.ga_len; i++)
+	    {
+		char_u	*local_user = ((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i];
+
+		if (STRCMP(local_user, user_env) == 0)
+		    break;
+	    }
+
+	    if (i == ga_users.ga_len)
+	    {
+		struct passwd	*pw = getpwnam((char *)user_env);
+
+		if (pw != NULL)
+		    add_user((char_u *)pw->pw_name, TRUE);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+# endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain an user names.
+ */
+    char_u*
+get_users(expand_T *xp UNUSED, int idx)
+{
+    init_users();
+    if (idx < ga_users.ga_len)
+	return ((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[idx];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check whether name matches a user name. Return:
+ * 0 if name does not match any user name.
+ * 1 if name partially matches the beginning of a user name.
+ * 2 is name fully matches a user name.
+ */
+    int
+match_user(char_u *name)
+{
+    int i;
+    int n = (int)STRLEN(name);
+    int result = 0;
+
+    init_users();
+    for (i = 0; i < ga_users.ga_len; i++)
+    {
+	if (STRCMP(((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i], name) == 0)
+	    return 2; // full match
+	if (STRNCMP(((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i], name, n) == 0)
+	    result = 1; // partial match
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+    static void
+prepare_to_exit(void)
+{
+#if defined(SIGHUP) && defined(SIG_IGN)
+    // Ignore SIGHUP, because a dropped connection causes a read error, which
+    // makes Vim exit and then handling SIGHUP causes various reentrance
+    // problems.
+    mch_signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    if (gui.in_use)
+    {
+	gui.dying = TRUE;
+	out_trash();	// trash any pending output
+    }
+    else
+#endif
+    {
+	windgoto((int)Rows - 1, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Switch terminal mode back now, so messages end up on the "normal"
+	 * screen (if there are two screens).
+	 */
+	settmode(TMODE_COOK);
+	stoptermcap();
+	out_flush();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Preserve files and exit.
+ * When called IObuff must contain a message.
+ * NOTE: This may be called from deathtrap() in a signal handler, avoid unsafe
+ * functions, such as allocating memory.
+ */
+    void
+preserve_exit(void)
+{
+    buf_T	*buf;
+
+    prepare_to_exit();
+
+    // Setting this will prevent free() calls.  That avoids calling free()
+    // recursively when free() was invoked with a bad pointer.
+    really_exiting = TRUE;
+
+    out_str(IObuff);
+    screen_start();		    // don't know where cursor is now
+    out_flush();
+
+    ml_close_notmod();		    // close all not-modified buffers
+
+    FOR_ALL_BUFFERS(buf)
+    {
+	if (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL && buf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname != NULL)
+	{
+	    OUT_STR("Vim: preserving files...\r\n");
+	    screen_start();	    // don't know where cursor is now
+	    out_flush();
+	    ml_sync_all(FALSE, FALSE);	// preserve all swap files
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+
+    ml_close_all(FALSE);	    // close all memfiles, without deleting
+
+    OUT_STR("Vim: Finished.\r\n");
+
+    getout(1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for CTRL-C pressed, but only once in a while.
+ * Should be used instead of ui_breakcheck() for functions that check for
+ * each line in the file.  Calling ui_breakcheck() each time takes too much
+ * time, because it can be a system call.
+ */
+
+#ifndef BREAKCHECK_SKIP
+# define BREAKCHECK_SKIP 1000
+#endif
+
+static int	breakcheck_count = 0;
+
+    void
+line_breakcheck(void)
+{
+    if (++breakcheck_count >= BREAKCHECK_SKIP)
+    {
+	breakcheck_count = 0;
+	ui_breakcheck();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like line_breakcheck() but check 10 times less often.
+ */
+    void
+fast_breakcheck(void)
+{
+    if (++breakcheck_count >= BREAKCHECK_SKIP * 10)
+    {
+	breakcheck_count = 0;
+	ui_breakcheck();
+    }
+}
+
+# if defined(FEAT_SPELL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Like line_breakcheck() but check 100 times less often.
+ */
+    void
+veryfast_breakcheck(void)
+{
+    if (++breakcheck_count >= BREAKCHECK_SKIP * 100)
+    {
+	breakcheck_count = 0;
+	ui_breakcheck();
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(VIM_BACKTICK) || defined(FEAT_EVAL) \
+	|| (defined(HAVE_LOCALE_H) || defined(X_LOCALE)) \
+	|| defined(PROTO)
+
+#ifndef SEEK_SET
+# define SEEK_SET 0
+#endif
+#ifndef SEEK_END
+# define SEEK_END 2
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Get the stdout of an external command.
+ * If "ret_len" is NULL replace NUL characters with NL.  When "ret_len" is not
+ * NULL store the length there.
+ * Returns an allocated string, or NULL for error.
+ */
+    char_u *
+get_cmd_output(
+    char_u	*cmd,
+    char_u	*infile,	// optional input file name
+    int		flags,		// can be SHELL_SILENT
+    int		*ret_len)
+{
+    char_u	*tempname;
+    char_u	*command;
+    char_u	*buffer = NULL;
+    int		len;
+    int		i = 0;
+    FILE	*fd;
+
+    if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
+	return NULL;
+
+    // get a name for the temp file
+    if ((tempname = vim_tempname('o', FALSE)) == NULL)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Add the redirection stuff
+    command = make_filter_cmd(cmd, infile, tempname);
+    if (command == NULL)
+	goto done;
+
+    /*
+     * Call the shell to execute the command (errors are ignored).
+     * Don't check timestamps here.
+     */
+    ++no_check_timestamps;
+    call_shell(command, SHELL_DOOUT | SHELL_EXPAND | flags);
+    --no_check_timestamps;
+
+    vim_free(command);
+
+    /*
+     * read the names from the file into memory
+     */
+# ifdef VMS
+    // created temporary file is not always readable as binary
+    fd = mch_fopen((char *)tempname, "r");
+# else
+    fd = mch_fopen((char *)tempname, READBIN);
+# endif
+
+    // Not being able to seek means we can't read the file.
+    if (fd == NULL
+	    || fseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_END) == -1
+	    || (len = ftell(fd)) == -1		// get size of temp file
+	    || fseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET) == -1)	// back to the start
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_cannot_read_from_str_2), tempname);
+	if (fd != NULL)
+	    fclose(fd);
+	goto done;
+    }
+
+    buffer = alloc(len + 1);
+    if (buffer != NULL)
+	i = (int)fread((char *)buffer, (size_t)1, (size_t)len, fd);
+    fclose(fd);
+    mch_remove(tempname);
+    if (buffer == NULL)
+	goto done;
+#ifdef VMS
+    len = i;	// VMS doesn't give us what we asked for...
+#endif
+    if (i != len)
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_cant_read_file_str), tempname);
+	VIM_CLEAR(buffer);
+    }
+    else if (ret_len == NULL)
+    {
+	// Change NUL into SOH, otherwise the string is truncated.
+	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+	    if (buffer[i] == NUL)
+		buffer[i] = 1;
+
+	buffer[len] = NUL;	// make sure the buffer is terminated
+    }
+    else
+	*ret_len = len;
+
+done:
+    vim_free(tempname);
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+# if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+
+    static void
+get_cmd_output_as_rettv(
+    typval_T	*argvars,
+    typval_T	*rettv,
+    int		retlist)
+{
+    char_u	*res = NULL;
+    char_u	*p;
+    char_u	*infile = NULL;
+    int		err = FALSE;
+    FILE	*fd;
+    list_T	*list = NULL;
+    int		flags = SHELL_SILENT;
+
+    rettv->v_type = VAR_STRING;
+    rettv->vval.v_string = NULL;
+    if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
+	goto errret;
+
+    if (in_vim9script()
+	    && (check_for_string_arg(argvars, 0) == FAIL
+		|| check_for_opt_string_or_number_or_list_arg(argvars, 1)
+								      == FAIL))
+	return;
+
+    if (argvars[1].v_type != VAR_UNKNOWN)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Write the text to a temp file, to be used for input of the shell
+	 * command.
+	 */
+	if ((infile = vim_tempname('i', TRUE)) == NULL)
+	{
+	    emsg(_(e_cant_get_temp_file_name));
+	    goto errret;
+	}
+
+	fd = mch_fopen((char *)infile, WRITEBIN);
+	if (fd == NULL)
+	{
+	    semsg(_(e_cant_open_file_str), infile);
+	    goto errret;
+	}
+	if (argvars[1].v_type == VAR_NUMBER)
+	{
+	    linenr_T	lnum;
+	    buf_T	*buf;
+
+	    buf = buflist_findnr(argvars[1].vval.v_number);
+	    if (buf == NULL)
+	    {
+		semsg(_(e_buffer_nr_does_not_exist), argvars[1].vval.v_number);
+		fclose(fd);
+		goto errret;
+	    }
+
+	    for (lnum = 1; lnum <= buf->b_ml.ml_line_count; lnum++)
+	    {
+		for (p = ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE); *p != NUL; ++p)
+		    if (putc(*p == '\n' ? NUL : *p, fd) == EOF)
+		    {
+			err = TRUE;
+			break;
+		    }
+		if (putc(NL, fd) == EOF)
+		{
+		    err = TRUE;
+		    break;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	else if (argvars[1].v_type == VAR_LIST)
+	{
+	    if (write_list(fd, argvars[1].vval.v_list, TRUE) == FAIL)
+		err = TRUE;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    size_t	len;
+	    char_u	buf[NUMBUFLEN];
+
+	    p = tv_get_string_buf_chk(&argvars[1], buf);
+	    if (p == NULL)
+	    {
+		fclose(fd);
+		goto errret;		// type error; errmsg already given
+	    }
+	    len = STRLEN(p);
+	    if (len > 0 && fwrite(p, len, 1, fd) != 1)
+		err = TRUE;
+	}
+	if (fclose(fd) != 0)
+	    err = TRUE;
+	if (err)
+	{
+	    emsg(_(e_error_writing_temp_file));
+	    goto errret;
+	}
+    }
+
+    // Omit SHELL_COOKED when invoked with ":silent".  Avoids that the shell
+    // echoes typeahead, that messes up the display.
+    if (!msg_silent)
+	flags += SHELL_COOKED;
+
+    if (retlist)
+    {
+	int		len;
+	listitem_T	*li;
+	char_u		*s = NULL;
+	char_u		*start;
+	char_u		*end;
+	int		i;
+
+	res = get_cmd_output(tv_get_string(&argvars[0]), infile, flags, &len);
+	if (res == NULL)
+	    goto errret;
+
+	list = list_alloc();
+	if (list == NULL)
+	    goto errret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+	{
+	    start = res + i;
+	    while (i < len && res[i] != NL)
+		++i;
+	    end = res + i;
+
+	    s = alloc(end - start + 1);
+	    if (s == NULL)
+		goto errret;
+
+	    for (p = s; start < end; ++p, ++start)
+		*p = *start == NUL ? NL : *start;
+	    *p = NUL;
+
+	    li = listitem_alloc();
+	    if (li == NULL)
+	    {
+		vim_free(s);
+		goto errret;
+	    }
+	    li->li_tv.v_type = VAR_STRING;
+	    li->li_tv.v_lock = 0;
+	    li->li_tv.vval.v_string = s;
+	    list_append(list, li);
+	}
+
+	rettv_list_set(rettv, list);
+	list = NULL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	res = get_cmd_output(tv_get_string(&argvars[0]), infile, flags, NULL);
+#ifdef USE_CRNL
+	// translate <CR><NL> into <NL>
+	if (res != NULL)
+	{
+	    char_u	*s, *d;
+
+	    d = res;
+	    for (s = res; *s; ++s)
+	    {
+		if (s[0] == CAR && s[1] == NL)
+		    ++s;
+		*d++ = *s;
+	    }
+	    *d = NUL;
+	}
+#endif
+	rettv->vval.v_string = res;
+	res = NULL;
+    }
+
+errret:
+    if (infile != NULL)
+    {
+	mch_remove(infile);
+	vim_free(infile);
+    }
+    if (res != NULL)
+	vim_free(res);
+    if (list != NULL)
+	list_free(list);
+}
+
+/*
+ * "system()" function
+ */
+    void
+f_system(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    get_cmd_output_as_rettv(argvars, rettv, FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * "systemlist()" function
+ */
+    void
+f_systemlist(typval_T *argvars, typval_T *rettv)
+{
+    get_cmd_output_as_rettv(argvars, rettv, TRUE);
+}
+# endif // FEAT_EVAL
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE when need to go to Insert mode because of 'insertmode'.
+ * Don't do this when still processing a command or a mapping.
+ * Don't do this when inside a ":normal" command.
+ */
+    int
+goto_im(void)
+{
+    return (p_im && stuff_empty() && typebuf_typed());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the isolated name of the shell in allocated memory:
+ * - Skip beyond any path.  E.g., "/usr/bin/csh -f" -> "csh -f".
+ * - Remove any argument.  E.g., "csh -f" -> "csh".
+ * But don't allow a space in the path, so that this works:
+ *   "/usr/bin/csh --rcfile ~/.cshrc"
+ * But don't do that for Windows, it's common to have a space in the path.
+ * Returns NULL when out of memory.
+ */
+    char_u *
+get_isolated_shell_name(void)
+{
+    char_u *p;
+
+#ifdef MSWIN
+    p = gettail(p_sh);
+    p = vim_strnsave(p, skiptowhite(p) - p);
+#else
+    p = skiptowhite(p_sh);
+    if (*p == NUL)
+    {
+	// No white space, use the tail.
+	p = vim_strsave(gettail(p_sh));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	char_u  *p1, *p2;
+
+	// Find the last path separator before the space.
+	p1 = p_sh;
+	for (p2 = p_sh; p2 < p; MB_PTR_ADV(p2))
+	    if (vim_ispathsep(*p2))
+		p1 = p2 + 1;
+	p = vim_strnsave(p1, p - p1);
+    }
+#endif
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the "://" of a URL is at the pointer, return URL_SLASH.
+ * Also check for ":\\", which MS Internet Explorer accepts, return
+ * URL_BACKSLASH.
+ */
+    int
+path_is_url(char_u *p)
+{
+    if (STRNCMP(p, "://", (size_t)3) == 0)
+	return URL_SLASH;
+    else if (STRNCMP(p, ":\\\\", (size_t)3) == 0)
+	return URL_BACKSLASH;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if "fname" starts with "name://" or "name:\\".
+ * Return URL_SLASH for "name://", URL_BACKSLASH for "name:\\".
+ * Return zero otherwise.
+ */
+    int
+path_with_url(char_u *fname)
+{
+    char_u *p;
+
+    // We accept alphabetic characters and a dash in scheme part.
+    // RFC 3986 allows for more, but it increases the risk of matching
+    // non-URL text.
+
+    // first character must be alpha
+    if (!ASCII_ISALPHA(*fname))
+	return 0;
+
+    // check body: alpha or dash
+    for (p = fname + 1; (ASCII_ISALPHA(*p) || (*p == '-')); ++p)
+	;
+
+    // check last char is not a dash
+    if (p[-1] == '-')
+	return 0;
+
+    // "://" or ":\\" must follow
+    return path_is_url(p);
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Return the dictionary of v:event.
+ * Save and clear the value in case it already has items.
+ */
+    dict_T *
+get_v_event(save_v_event_T *sve)
+{
+    dict_T	*v_event = get_vim_var_dict(VV_EVENT);
+
+    if (v_event->dv_hashtab.ht_used > 0)
+    {
+	// recursive use of v:event, save, make empty and restore later
+	sve->sve_did_save = TRUE;
+	sve->sve_hashtab = v_event->dv_hashtab;
+	hash_init(&v_event->dv_hashtab);
+    }
+    else
+	sve->sve_did_save = FALSE;
+    return v_event;
+}
+
+    void
+restore_v_event(dict_T *v_event, save_v_event_T *sve)
+{
+    dict_free_contents(v_event);
+    if (sve->sve_did_save)
+	v_event->dv_hashtab = sve->sve_hashtab;
+    else
+	hash_init(&v_event->dv_hashtab);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Fires a ModeChanged autocmd event if appropriate.
+ */
+    void
+may_trigger_modechanged(void)
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    dict_T	    *v_event;
+    save_v_event_T  save_v_event;
+    char_u	    curr_mode[MODE_MAX_LENGTH];
+    char_u	    pattern_buf[2 * MODE_MAX_LENGTH];
+
+    // Skip this when got_int is set, the autocommand will not be executed.
+    // Better trigger it next time.
+    if (!has_modechanged() || got_int)
+	return;
+
+    get_mode(curr_mode);
+    if (STRCMP(curr_mode, last_mode) == 0)
+	return;
+
+    v_event = get_v_event(&save_v_event);
+    (void)dict_add_string(v_event, "new_mode", curr_mode);
+    (void)dict_add_string(v_event, "old_mode", last_mode);
+    dict_set_items_ro(v_event);
+
+    // concatenate modes in format "old_mode:new_mode"
+    vim_snprintf((char *)pattern_buf, sizeof(pattern_buf), "%s:%s", last_mode,
+	    curr_mode);
+
+    apply_autocmds(EVENT_MODECHANGED, pattern_buf, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
+    STRCPY(last_mode, curr_mode);
+
+    restore_v_event(v_event, &save_v_event);
+#endif
+}