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+*fold.txt*      For Vim version 7.0aa.  Last change: 2004 May 20
+
+
+		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar
+
+
+Folding						*Folding* *folding*
+
+You can find an introduction on folding in chapter 28 of the user manual.
+|usr_28.txt|
+
+1. Fold methods		|fold-methods|
+2. Fold commands	|fold-commands|
+3. Fold options		|fold-options|
+4. Behavior of folds	|fold-behavior|
+
+{Vi has no Folding}
+{not available when compiled without the +folding feature}
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Fold methods					*fold-methods*
+
+The folding method can be set with the 'foldmethod' option.
+
+When setting 'foldmethod' to a value other than "manual", all folds are
+deleted and new ones created.  Switching to the "manual" method doesn't remove
+the existing folds.  This can be used to first define the folds automatically
+and then change them manually.
+
+There are six methods to select folds:
+	manual		manually define folds
+	indent		more indent means a higher fold level
+	expr		specify an expression to define folds
+	syntax		folds defined by syntax highlighting
+	diff		folds for unchanged text
+	marker		folds defined by markers in the text
+
+
+MANUAL						*fold-manual*
+
+Use commands to manually define the fold regions.  This can also be used by a
+script that parses text to find folds.
+
+The level of a fold is only defined by its nesting.  To increase the fold
+level of a fold for a range of lines, define a fold inside it that has the
+same lines.
+
+The manual folds are lost when you abandon the file.  To save the folds use
+the |:mkview| command.  The view can be restored later with |:loadview|.
+
+
+INDENT						*fold-indent*
+
+The folds are automatically defined by the indent of the lines.
+
+The foldlevel is computed from the indent of the line, divided by the
+'shiftwidth' (rounded down).  A sequence of lines with the same or higher fold
+level form a fold, with the lines with a higher level forming a nested fold.
+
+The nesting of folds is limited with 'foldnestmax'.
+
+Some lines are ignored and get the fold level of the line above or below it,
+whatever is the lowest.  These are empty or white lines and lines starting
+with a character in 'foldignore'.  White space is skipped before checking for
+characters in 'foldignore'.  For C use "#" to ignore preprocessor lines.
+
+When you want to ignore lines in another way, use the 'expr' method.  The
+|indent()| function can be used in 'foldexpr' to get the indent of a line.
+
+
+EXPR						*fold-expr*
+
+The folds are automatically defined by their foldlevel, like with the "indent"
+method.  The value of the 'foldexpr' option is evaluated to get the foldlevel
+of a line.  Examples:
+This will create a fold for all consecutive lines that start with a Tab: >
+	:set foldexpr=getline(v:lnum)[0]==\"\\t\"
+This will call a function to compute the fold level: >
+	:set foldexpr=MyFoldLevel(v:lnum)
+This will make a fold out of paragraphs separated by blank lines: >
+	:set foldexpr=getline(v:lnum)=~'^\\s*$'&&getline(v:lnum+1)=~'\\S'?'<1':1
+this does the same: >
+	:set foldexpr=getline(v:lnum-1)=~'^\\s*$'&&getline(v:lnum)=~'\\S'?'>1':1
+
+Note that backslashes must be used to escape characters that ":set" handles
+differently (space, backslash, double quote, etc., see |option-backslash|).
+
+These are the conditions with which the expression is evaluated:
+- The current buffer and window are set for the line.
+- The variable "v:lnum" is set to the line number.
+- The result is used for the fold level in this way:
+  value			meaning ~
+  0			the line is not in a fold
+  1, 2, ..		the line is in a fold with this level
+  -1			the fold level is undefined, use the fold level of a
+			line before or after this line, whichever is the
+			lowest.
+  "="			use fold level from the previous line
+  "a1", "a2", ..	add one, two, .. to the fold level of the previous
+			line
+  "s1", "s2", ..	subtract one, two, .. from the fold level of the
+			previous line
+  "<1", "<2", ..	a fold with this level ends at this line
+  ">1", ">2", ..	a fold with this level starts at this line
+
+It is not required to mark the start (end) of a fold with ">1" ("<1"), a fold
+will also start (end) when the fold level is higher (lower) than the fold
+level of the previous line.
+
+There must be no side effects from the expression.  The text in the buffer,
+cursor position, the search patterns, options etc. must not be changed.
+
+If there is some error in the expression, or the resulting value isn't
+recognized, there is no error message and the fold level will be zero.
+For debugging the 'debug' option can be set to "msg", the error messages will
+be visible then.
+
+Note: Since the expression has to be evaluated for every line, this fold
+method can be very slow!
+
+Try to avoid the "=", "a" and "s" return values, since Vim often has to search
+backwards for a line for which the fold level is defined.  This can be slow.
+
+|foldlevel()| can be useful to compute a fold level relative to a previous
+fold level.  But note that foldlevel() may return -1 if the level is not known
+yet.  And it returns the level at the start of the line, while a fold might
+end in that line.
+
+
+SYNTAX						*fold-syntax*
+
+A fold is defined by syntax items that have the "fold" argument. |:syn-fold|
+
+The fold level is defined by nesting folds.  The nesting of folds is limited
+with 'foldnestmax'.
+
+Be careful to specify proper syntax syncing.  If this is not done right, folds
+may differ from the displayed highlighting.  This is especially relevant when
+using patterns that match more than one line.  In case of doubt, try using
+brute-force syncing: >
+	:syn sync fromstart
+
+
+DIFF						*fold-diff*
+
+The folds are automatically defined for text that is not part of a change or
+close to a change.
+
+This method only works properly when the 'diff' option is set for the current
+window and changes are being displayed.  Otherwise the whole buffer will be
+one big fold.
+
+The 'diffopt' option can be used to specify the context.  That is, the number
+of lines between the fold and a change that are not included in the fold.  For
+example, to use a context of 8 lines: >
+	:set diffopt=filler,context:8
+The default context is six lines.
+
+When 'scrollbind' is also set, Vim will attempt to keep the same folds open in
+other diff windows, so that the same text is visible.
+
+
+MARKER						*fold-marker*
+
+Markers in the text tell where folds start and end.  This allows you to
+precisely specify the folds.  This will allow deleting and putting a fold,
+without the risk of including the wrong lines.  The 'foldtext' option is
+normally set such that the text before the marker shows up in the folded line.
+This makes it possible to give a name to the fold.
+
+Markers can have a level included, or can use matching pairs.  Including a
+level is easier, you don't have to add end markers and avoid problems with
+non-matching marker pairs.  Example: >
+	/* global variables {{{1 */
+	int varA, varB;
+
+	/* functions {{{1 */
+	/* funcA() {{{2 */
+	void funcA() {}
+
+	/* funcB() {{{2 */
+	void funcB() {}
+
+A fold starts at a "{{{" marker.  The following number specifies the fold
+level.  What happens depends on the difference between the current fold level
+and the level given by the marker:
+1. If a marker with the same fold level is encountered, the previous fold
+   ends and another fold with the same level starts.
+2. If a marker with a higher fold level is found, a nested fold is started.
+3. if a marker with a lower fold level is found, all folds up to and including
+   this level end and a fold with the specified level starts.
+
+The number indicates the fold level.  A zero cannot be used.
+You can use "}}}" with a digit to indicate the level of the fold that
+ends.  The fold level of the following line will be one less than the
+indicated level.  Note that Vim doesn't look back to the level of the matching
+marker (that would take too much time).  Example: >
+
+	{{{1
+	fold level here is 1
+	{{{3
+	fold level here is 3
+	}}}3
+	fold level here is 2
+
+You can also use matching pairs of "{{{" and "}}}" markers to define folds.
+Each "{{{" increases the fold level by one, each "}}}" decreases the fold
+level by one.  Be careful to keep the markers matching!  Example: >
+
+	{{{
+	fold level here is 1
+	{{{
+	fold level here is 2
+	}}}
+	fold level here is 1
+
+You can mix using markers with a number and without a number.  A useful way of
+doing this is to use numbered markers for large folds, and unnumbered markers
+locally in a function.  For example use level one folds for the sections of
+your file like "structure definitions", "local variables" and "functions".
+Use level 2 markers for each definition and function,  Use unnumbered markers
+inside functions.  When you make changes in a function to split up folds, you
+don't have to renumber the markers.
+
+The markers can be set with the 'foldmarker' option.  It is recommended to
+keep this at the default value of "{{{,}}}", so that files can be exchanged
+between Vim users.  Only change it when it is required for the file (e.g., it
+contains markers from another folding editor, or the default markers cause
+trouble for the language of the file).
+
+							*fold-create-marker*
+"zf" can be used to create a fold defined by markers.  Vim will insert the
+markers for you.  Vim will append the start and end marker, as specified with
+'foldmarker'.  The markers are appended to the end of the line.
+'commentstring' is used if it isn't empty.
+This does not work properly when:
+- The line already contains a marker with a level number.  Vim then doesn't
+  know what to do.
+- Folds nearby use a level number in their marker which gets in the way.
+- The line is inside a comment, 'commentstring' isn't empty and nested
+  comments don't work.  For example with C: adding /* {{{ */ inside a comment
+  will truncate the existing comment.  Either put the marker before or after
+  the comment, or add the marker manually.
+Generally it's not a good idea to let Vim create markers when you already have
+markers with a level number.
+
+							*fold-delete-marker*
+"zd" can be used to delete a fold defined by markers.  Vim will delete the
+markers for you.  Vim will search for the start and end markers, as specified
+with 'foldmarker', at the start and end of the fold.  When the text around the
+marker matches with 'commentstring', that text is deleted as well.
+This does not work properly when:
+- A line contains more than one marker and one of them specifies a level.
+  Only the first one is removed, without checking if this will have the
+  desired effect of deleting the fold.
+- The marker contains a level number and is used to start or end several folds
+  at the same time.
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Fold commands				*fold-commands* *E490*
+
+All folding commands start with "z".  Hint: the "z" looks like a folded piece
+of paper, if you look at it from the side.
+
+
+CREATING AND DELETING FOLDS ~
+							*zf* *E350*
+zf{motion}  or
+{Visual}zf	Operator to create a fold.
+		This only works when 'foldmethod' is "manual" or "marker".
+		The new fold will be closed for the "manual" method.
+		'foldenable' will be set.
+		Also see |fold-create-marker|.
+
+							*zF*
+zF		Create a fold for N lines.  Works like "zf".
+
+:{range}fo[ld]						*:fold* *:fo*
+		Create a fold for the lines in {range}.  Works like "zf".
+
+							*zd* *E351*
+zd		Delete one fold at the cursor.  When the cursor is on folded
+		line, that fold is deleted.  Nested folds are moved one level
+		up.  In Visual mode all folds (partially) in the selected area
+		are deleted.  Careful: This easily deletes more folds than you
+		expect and there is no undo.
+		This only works when 'foldmethod' is "manual" or "marker".
+		Also see |fold-delete-marker|.
+
+							*zD*
+zD		Delete folds recursively at the cursor.  In Visual mode all
+		folds (partially) in the selected area and all nested folds in
+		them are deleted.
+		This only works when 'foldmethod' is "manual" or "marker".
+		Also see |fold-delete-marker|.
+
+							*zE* *E352*
+zE		Eliminate all folds in the window.
+		This only works when 'foldmethod' is "manual" or "marker".
+		Also see |fold-delete-marker|.
+
+
+OPENING AND CLOSING FOLDS ~
+
+A fold smaller than 'foldminlines' will always be displayed like it was open.
+Therefore the commands below may work differently on small folds.
+
+							*zo*
+zo		Open one fold under the cursor.  When a count is given, that
+		many folds deep will be opened.  In Visual mode one level of
+		folds is opened for all lines in the selected area.
+
+							*zO*
+zO		Open all folds under the cursor recursively.  Folds that don't
+		contain the cursor line are unchanged.
+		In Visual mode it opens all folds that are in the selected
+		area, also those that are only partly selected.
+
+							*zc*
+zc		Close one fold under the cursor.  When a count is given, that
+		many folds deep are closed.  In Visual mode one level of folds
+		is closed for all lines in the selected area.
+		'foldenable' will be set.
+
+							*zC*
+zC		Close all folds under the cursor recursively.  Folds that
+		don't contain the cursor line are unchanged.
+		In Visual mode it closes all folds that are in the selected
+		area, also those that are only partly selected.
+		'foldenable' will be set.
+
+							*za*
+za		When on a closed fold: open it. When folds are nested, you
+		may have to use "za" several times.  When a count is given,
+		that many closed folds are opened.
+		When on an open fold: close it and set 'foldenable'.  This
+		will only close one level, since using "za" again will open
+		the fold.  When a count is given that many folds will be
+		closed (that's not the same as repeating "za" that many
+		times).
+
+							*zA*
+zA		When on a closed fold: open it recursively.
+		When on an open fold: close it recursively and set
+		'foldenable'.
+
+							*zv*
+zv		View cursor line: Open just enough folds to make the line in
+		which the cursor is located not folded.
+
+							*zx*
+zx		Update folds: Undo manually opened and closed folds: re-apply
+		'foldlevel', then do "zv": View cursor line.
+
+							*zX*
+zX		Undo manually opened and closed folds: re-apply 'foldlevel'.
+
+							*zm*
+zm		Fold more: Subtract one from 'foldlevel'.  If 'foldlevel' was
+		already zero nothing happens.
+		'foldenable' will be set.
+
+							*zM*
+zM		Close all folds: set 'foldlevel' to 0.
+		'foldenable' will be set.
+
+							*zr*
+zr		Reduce folding: Add one to 'foldlevel'.
+
+							*zR*
+zR		Open all folds.  This sets 'foldlevel' to highest fold level.
+
+							*:foldo* *:foldopen*
+:{range}foldo[pen][!]
+		Open folds in {range}.  When [!] is added all folds are
+		opened.  Useful to see all the text in {range}.  Without [!]
+		one level of folds is opened.
+
+							*:foldc* *:foldclose*
+:{range}foldc[lose][!]
+		Close folds in {range}.  When [!] is added all folds are
+		closed.  Useful to hide all the text in {range}.  Without [!]
+		one level of folds is closed.
+
+							*zn*
+zn		Fold none: reset 'foldenable'.  All folds will be open.
+
+							*zN*
+zN		Fold normal: set 'foldenable'.  All folds will be as they
+		were before.
+
+							*zi*
+zi		Invert 'foldenable'.
+
+
+MOVING OVER FOLDS ~
+							*[z*
+[z		Move to the start of the current open fold.  If already at the
+		start, move to the start of the fold that contains it.  If
+		there is no containing fold, the command fails.
+		When a count is used, repeats the command N times.
+
+							*]z*
+]z		Move to the end of the current open fold.  If already at the
+		end, move to the end of the fold that contains it.  If there
+		is no containing fold, the command fails.
+		When a count is used, repeats the command N times.
+
+							*zj*
+zj		Move downwards to the start of the next fold.  A closed fold
+		is counted as one fold.
+		When a count is used, repeats the command N times.
+		This command can be used after an |operator|.
+
+							*zk*
+zk		Move upwards to the end of the previous fold.  A closed fold
+		is counted as one fold.
+		When a count is used, repeats the command N times.
+		This command can be used after an |operator|.
+
+
+EXECUTING COMMANDS ON FOLDS ~
+
+:[range]foldd[oopen] {cmd}			*:foldd* *:folddoopen*
+		Execute {cmd} on all lines that are not in a closed fold.
+		When [range] is given, only these lines are used.
+		Each time {cmd} is executed the cursor is positioned on the
+		line it is executed for.
+		This works like the ":global" command: First all lines that
+		are not in a closed fold are marked.  Then the {cmd} is
+		executed for all marked lines.  Thus when {cmd} changes the
+		folds, this has no influence on where it is executed (except
+		when lines are deleted, of course).
+		Example: >
+			:folddoopen s/end/loop_end/ge
+<		Note the use of the "e" flag to avoid getting an error message
+		where "end" doesn't match.
+
+:[range]folddoc[losed] {cmd}			*:folddoc* *:folddoclosed*
+		Execute {cmd} on all lines that are in a closed fold.
+		Otherwise like ":folddoopen".
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Fold options					*fold-options*
+
+COLORS							*fold-colors*
+
+The colors of a closed fold are set with the Folded group |hl-Folded|.  The
+colors of the fold column are set with the FoldColumn group |hl-FoldColumn|.
+Example to set the colors: >
+
+	:highlight Folded guibg=grey guifg=blue
+	:highlight FoldColumn guibg=darkgrey guifg=white
+
+
+FOLDLEVEL						*fold-foldlevel*
+
+'foldlevel' is a number option: The higher the more folded regions are open.
+When 'foldlevel' is 0, all folds are closed.
+When 'foldlevel' is positive, some folds closed.
+When 'foldlevel' is very high, all folds are open.
+'foldlevel' is applied when it is changed.  After that manually folds can be
+opened and closed.
+When increased, folds above the new level are opened.  No manually opened
+folds will be closed.
+When decreased, folds above the new level are closed.  No manually closed
+folds will be opened.
+
+
+FOLDTEXT						*fold-foldtext*
+
+'foldtext' is a string option that specifies an expression.  This expression
+is evaluated to obtain the text displayed for a closed fold.  Example: >
+
+    :set foldtext=v:folddashes.substitute(getline(v:foldstart),'/\\*\\\|\\*/\\\|{{{\\d\\=','','g')
+
+This shows the first line of the fold, with "/*", "*/" and "{{{" removed.
+Note the use of backslashes to avoid some characters to be interpreted by the
+":set" command.  It's simpler to define a function and call that: >
+
+    :set foldtext=MyFoldText()
+    :function MyFoldText()
+    :  let line = getline(v:foldstart)
+    :  let sub = substitute(line, '/\*\|\*/\|{{{\d\=', '', 'g')
+    :  return v:folddashes . sub
+    :endfunction
+
+Evaluating 'foldtext' is done in the |sandbox|.  The current window is set to
+the window that displays the line.  Errors are ignored.
+
+The default value is |foldtext()|.  This returns a reasonable text for most
+types of folding.  If you don't like it, you can specify your own 'foldtext'
+expression.  It can use these special Vim variables:
+	v:foldstart	line number of first line in the fold
+	v:foldend	line number of last line in the fold
+	v:folddashes	a string that contains dashes to represent the
+			foldlevel.
+	v:foldlevel	the foldlevel of the fold
+
+In the result a TAB is replaced with a space and unprintable characters are
+made into printable characters.
+
+The resulting line is truncated to fit in the window, it never wraps.
+When there is room after the text, it is filled with the character specified
+by 'fillchars'.
+
+Note that backslashes need to be used for characters that the ":set" command
+handles differently: Space, backslash and double-quote. |option-backslash|
+
+
+FOLDCOLUMN						*fold-foldcolumn*
+
+'foldcolumn' is a number, which sets the width for a column on the side of the
+window to indicate folds.  When it is zero, there is no foldcolumn.  A normal
+value is 4 or 5.  The minimal useful value is 2.  The maximum is 12.
+
+An open fold is indicated with a column that has a '-' at the top and '|'
+characters below it.  This column stops where the open fold stops.  When folds
+nest, the nested fold is one character right of the fold it's contained in.
+
+A closed fold is indicated with a '+'.
+
+Where the fold column is too narrow to display all nested folds, digits are
+shown to indicate the nesting level.
+
+The mouse can also be used to open and close folds by clicking in the
+fold column:
+- Click on a '+' to open the closed fold at this row.
+- Click on any other non-blank character to close the open fold at this row.
+
+
+OTHER OPTIONS
+
+'foldenable'  'fen':	Open all folds while not set.
+'foldexpr'    'fde':	Expression used for "expr" folding.
+'foldignore'  'fdi':	Characters used for "indent" folding.
+'foldmarker'  'fmr':	Defined markers used for "marker" folding.
+'foldmethod'  'fdm':	Name of the current folding method.
+'foldminlines' 'fml':	Minimum number of screen lines for a fold to be
+			displayed closed.
+'foldnestmax' 'fdn':	Maximum nesting for "indent" and "syntax" folding.
+'foldopen'    'fdo':	Which kinds of commands open closed folds.
+'foldclose'   'fcl':	When the folds not under the cursor are closed.
+
+==============================================================================
+4. Behavior of folds					*fold-behavior*
+
+When moving the cursor upwards or downwards and when scrolling, the cursor
+will move to the first line of a sequence of folded lines.  When the cursor is
+already on a folded line, it moves to the next unfolded line or the next
+closed fold.
+
+While the cursor is on folded lines, the cursor is always displayed in the
+first column.  The ruler does show the actual cursor position, but since the
+line is folded, it cannot be displayed there.
+
+Many movement commands handle a sequence of folded lines like an empty line.
+For example, the "w" command stops once in the first column.
+
+When in Insert mode, the cursor line is never folded.  That allows you to see
+what you type!
+
+When using an operator, a closed fold is included as a whole.  Thus "dl"
+deletes the whole closed fold under the cursor.
+
+For Ex commands the range is adjusted to always start at the first line of a
+fold and end at the last line of a fold.  Thus this command: >
+	:s/foo/bar/g
+when used with the cursor on a closed fold, will replace "foo" with "bar" in
+all lines of the fold.
+This does not happen for |:folddoopen| and |:folddoclosed|.
+
+When editing a buffer that has been edited before, the last used folding
+settings are used again.  For manual folding the defined folds are restored.
+For all folding methods the manually opened and closed folds are restored.
+If this buffer has been edited in this window, the values from back then are
+used.  Otherwise the values from the window where the buffer was edited last
+are used.
+
+==============================================================================
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: