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updated for version 7.0003
author vimboss
date Wed, 30 Jun 2004 16:16:41 +0000
parents 3fc0f57ecb91
children c4cd8ad60bee
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10:4e2284e71352 11:4424b47a0797
1 =============================================================================== 1 ===============================================================================
2 = W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.5 = 2 = W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.7 =
3 =============================================================================== 3 ===============================================================================
4 4
5 Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to 5 Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to
6 explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe 6 explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe
7 enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as 7 enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as
8 an all-purpose editor. 8 an all-purpose editor.
9 9
10 The approximate time required to complete the tutor is 25-30 minutes, 10 The approximate time required to complete the tutor is 25-30 minutes,
11 depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation. 11 depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation.
12 12
13 ATTENTION:
13 The commands in the lessons will modify the text. Make a copy of this 14 The commands in the lessons will modify the text. Make a copy of this
14 file to practise on (if you started "vimtutor" this is already a copy). 15 file to practise on (if you started "vimtutor" this is already a copy).
15 16
16 It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by 17 It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by
17 use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them 18 use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them
31 j The j key looks like a down arrow 32 j The j key looks like a down arrow
32 v 33 v
33 1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable. 34 1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.
34 35
35 2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats. 36 2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
36 ---> Now you know how to move to the next lesson. 37 Now you know how to move to the next lesson.
37 38
38 3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2. 39 3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2.
39 40
40 Note: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place 41 Note: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place
41 you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted. 42 you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted.
42 43
43 Note: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to 44 Note: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to
44 move around much faster, once you get used to it. 45 move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really!
45 46
46 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 47 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
47 Lesson 1.2: ENTERING AND EXITING VIM 48 Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM
48 49
49 50
50 !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!! 51 !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
51 52
52 1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode). 53 1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode).
53 54
54 2. Type: :q! <ENTER>. 55 2. Type: :q! <ENTER>.
55 56 This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.
56 ---> This exits the editor WITHOUT saving any changes you have made.
57 If you want to save the changes and exit type:
58 :wq <ENTER>
59 57
60 3. When you see the shell prompt, type the command that got you into this 58 3. When you see the shell prompt, type the command that got you into this
61 tutor. That could be: vimtutor <ENTER> 59 tutor. That would be: vimtutor <ENTER>
62 Normally you would use: vim tutor <ENTER>
63
64 ---> 'vim' means enter the vim editor, 'tutor' is the file you wish to edit.
65 60
66 4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps 61 4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
67 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor. Then move the cursor down 62 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.
68 to Lesson 1.3. 63
64 NOTE: :q! <ENTER> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you
65 will learn how to save the changes to a file.
66
67 5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3.
68
69
69 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 70 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
70 Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION 71 Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
71 72
72 73
73 ** While in Normal mode press x to delete the character under the cursor. ** 74 ** Press x to delete the character under the cursor. **
74 75
75 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. 76 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
76 77
77 2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the 78 2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
78 character to be deleted. 79 character to be deleted.
88 NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage. 89 NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
89 90
90 91
91 92
92 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 93 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
93 Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION 94 Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION
94 95
95 96
96 ** While in Normal mode press i to insert text. ** 97 ** Press i to insert text. **
97 98
98 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. 99 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
99 100
100 2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top 101 2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
101 of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted. 102 of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted.
111 5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to the summary below. 112 5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to the summary below.
112 113
113 114
114 115
115 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 116 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
117 Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING
118
119
120 ** Press A to append text. **
121
122 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
123 It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.
124
125 2. Press A and type in the necessary additions.
126
127 3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
128
129 4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
130 steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
131
132 ---> There is some text missing from th
133 There is some text missing from this line.
134 ---> There is also some text miss
135 There is also some text missing here.
136
137 5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.
138
139 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
140 Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE
141
142
143 ** Use :wq to save a file and exit. **
144
145 !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
146
147 1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q!
148
149 2. At the shell prompt type this command: vim tutor <ENTER>
150 'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'tutor' is the name of the
151 file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed.
152
153 3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.
154
155 4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: :wq <ENTER>
156
157 5. Restart the vimtutor and move down to the following summary.
158
159 6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.
160
161
162 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
116 LESSON 1 SUMMARY 163 LESSON 1 SUMMARY
117 164
118 165
119 1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys. 166 1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
120 h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right) 167 h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
121 168
122 2. To enter Vim (from the % prompt) type: vim FILENAME <ENTER> 169 2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>
123 170
124 3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes. 171 3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
125 OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes. 172 OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.
126 173
127 4. To delete a character under the cursor in Normal mode type: x 174 4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x
128 175
129 5. To insert text at the cursor while in Normal mode type: 176 5. To insert or append text type:
130 i type in text <ESC> 177 i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor
178 A type appended text <ESC> append after the line
131 179
132 NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel 180 NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
133 an unwanted and partially completed command. 181 an unwanted and partially completed command.
134 182
135 Now continue with Lesson 2. 183 Now continue with Lesson 2.
136 184
137
138 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 185 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
139 Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS 186 Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
140 187
141 188
142 ** Type dw to delete to the end of a word. ** 189 ** Type dw to delete a word. **
143 190
144 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode. 191 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
145 192
146 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. 193 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
147 194
148 3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted. 195 3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
149 196
150 4. Type dw to make the word disappear. 197 4. Type dw to make the word disappear.
151 198
152 NOTE: The letters dw will appear on the last line of the screen as you type 199 NOTE: The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type
153 them. If you typed something wrong, press <ESC> and start over. 200 it. Vim is waiting for you to type w . If you see another character
201 than d you typed something wrong; press <ESC> and start over.
154 202
155 ---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence. 203 ---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence.
156 204
157 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2. 205 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2.
158 206
159 207
160
161 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 208 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
162 Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS 209 Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS
163 210
164 211
165 ** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. ** 212 ** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. **
180 227
181 228
182 229
183 230
184 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 231 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
185 Lesson 2.3: ON COMMANDS AND OBJECTS 232 Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS
186 233
187 234
188 The format for the d delete command is as follows: 235 Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion.
189 236 The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows:
190 [number] d object OR d [number] object 237
238 d motion
239
191 Where: 240 Where:
192 number - is how many times to execute the command (optional, default=1). 241 d - is the delete operator.
193 d - is the command to delete. 242 motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).
194 object - is what the command will operate on (listed below). 243
195 244 A short list of motions:
196 A short list of objects: 245 w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
197 w - from the cursor to the end of the word, including the space. 246 e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
198 e - from the cursor to the end of the word, NOT including the space. 247 $ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.
199 $ - from the cursor to the end of the line. 248
200 249 Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.
201 NOTE: For the adventurous, pressing just the object while in Normal mode 250
202 without a command will move the cursor as specified in the object list. 251 NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will
203 252 move the cursor as specified.
204 253
205 254 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
206 255 Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION
207 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 256
208 Lesson 2.4: AN EXCEPTION TO 'COMMAND-OBJECT' 257
209 258 ** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **
210 259
211 ** Type dd to delete a whole line. ** 260 1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked ---> below.
261
262 2. Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward.
263
264 3. Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
265
266 4. Type 0 (zero) to move to the start of the line.
267
268 5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.
269
270 ---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
271
272 6. Move on to Lesson 2.5.
273
274
275
276
277 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
278 Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE
279
280
281 ** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. **
282
283 In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you
284 insert a count before the motion to delete more:
285 d number motion
286
287 1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->.
288
289 2. Type 2dw to delete the two UPPER CASE words
290
291 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive
292 UPPER CASE words with one command
293
294 ---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up.
295
296 NOTE: A count between the operator d and the motion works similar to
297 using the motion without an operator.
298
299
300 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
301 Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
302
303
304 ** Type dd to delete a whole line. **
212 305
213 Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided 306 Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
214 it would be easier to simply type two d's in a row to delete a line. 307 it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line.
215 308
216 1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below. 309 1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
217 2. Type dd to delete the line. 310 2. Type dd to delete the line.
218 3. Now move to the fourth line. 311 3. Now move to the fourth line.
219 4. Type 2dd (remember number-command-object) to delete the two lines. 312 4. Type 2dd to delete two lines.
220 313
221 1) Roses are red, 314 ---> 1) Roses are red,
222 2) Mud is fun, 315 ---> 2) Mud is fun,
223 3) Violets are blue, 316 ---> 3) Violets are blue,
224 4) I have a car, 317 ---> 4) I have a car,
225 5) Clocks tell time, 318 ---> 5) Clocks tell time,
226 6) Sugar is sweet 319 ---> 6) Sugar is sweet
227 7) And so are you. 320 ---> 7) And so are you.
228 321
229 322
230 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 323 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
231 Lesson 2.5: THE UNDO COMMAND 324 Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND
232 325
233 326
234 ** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. ** 327 ** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **
235 328
236 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the 329 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
237 first error. 330 first error.
238 2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character. 331 2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character.
239 3. Now type u to undo the last command executed. 332 3. Now type u to undo the last command executed.
252 345
253 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 346 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
254 LESSON 2 SUMMARY 347 LESSON 2 SUMMARY
255 348
256 349
257 1. To delete from the cursor to the end of a word type: dw 350 1. To delete from the cursor upto the next word type: dw
258
259 2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$ 351 2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$
260
261 3. To delete a whole line type: dd 352 3. To delete a whole line type: dd
262 353
263 4. The format for a command in Normal mode is: 354 4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w
264 355 5. The format for a change command is:
265 [number] command object OR command [number] object 356 operator [number] motion
266 where: 357 where:
267 number - is how many times to repeat the command 358 operator - is what to do, such as d for delete
268 command - is what to do, such as d for delete 359 [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
269 object - is what the command should act upon, such as w (word), 360 motion - moves over the text to operator on, such as w (word),
270 $ (to the end of line), etc. 361 $ (to the end of line), etc.
271 362
272 5. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u) 363 6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0
273 To undo all the changes on a line type: U (capital U) 364
274 To undo the undo's type: CTRL-R 365 7. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
366 To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U)
367 To undo the undo's, type: CTRL-R
275 368
276 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 369 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
277 Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND 370 Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
278 371
279 372
280 ** Type p to put the last deletion after the cursor. ** 373 ** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **
281 374
282 1. Move the cursor to the first line in the set below. 375 1. Move the cursor to the first ---> line below.
283 376
284 2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in Vim's buffer. 377 2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.
285 378
286 3. Move the cursor to the line ABOVE where the deleted line should go. 379 3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
287 380
288 4. While in Normal mode, type p to replace the line. 381 4. Type p to put the line below the cursor.
289 382
290 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order. 383 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
291 384
292 d) Can you learn too? 385 ---> d) Can you learn too?
293 b) Violets are blue, 386 ---> b) Violets are blue,
294 c) Intelligence is learned, 387 ---> c) Intelligence is learned,
295 a) Roses are red, 388 ---> a) Roses are red,
296 389
297 390
298 391
299 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 392 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
300 Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND 393 Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
301 394
302 395
303 ** Type r and a character to replace the character under the cursor. ** 396 ** Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x . **
304 397
305 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. 398 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
306 399
307 2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error. 400 2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
308 401
309 3. Type r and then the character which should replace the error. 402 3. Type r and then the character which should be there.
310 403
311 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is correct. 404 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.
312 405
313 ---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys! 406 ---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys!
314 ---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys! 407 ---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!
315 408
316 5. Now move on to Lesson 3.2. 409 5. Now move on to Lesson 3.2.
317 410
318 NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by use, not memorization. 411 NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.
319 412
320 413
321 414
322 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 415 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
323 Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE COMMAND 416 Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR
324 417
325 418
326 ** To change part or all of a word, type cw . ** 419 ** To change until the end of a word, type ce . **
327 420
328 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. 421 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
329 422
330 2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw. 423 2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw.
331 424
332 3. Type cw and the correct word (in this case, type 'ine'.) 425 3. Type ce and the correct word (in this case, type ine ).
333 426
334 4. Press <ESC> and move to the next error (the first character to be changed.) 427 4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed.
335 428
336 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second. 429 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
337 430
338 ---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change command. 431 ---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change command.
339 ---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change command. 432 ---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change command.
340 433
341 Notice that cw not only replaces the word, but also places you in insert. 434 Notice that ce deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.
342 435
343 436
344 437
345 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 438 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
346 Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c 439 Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
347 440
348 441
349 ** The change command is used with the same objects as delete. ** 442 ** The change command is used with the same motions as delete. **
350 443
351 1. The change command works in the same way as delete. The format is: 444 1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is:
352 445
353 [number] c object OR c [number] object 446 c [number] motion
354 447
355 2. The objects are also the same, such as w (word), $ (end of line), etc. 448 2. The motions are the same, such as w (word) and $ (end of line).
356 449
357 3. Move to the first line below marked --->. 450 3. Move to the first line below marked --->.
358 451
359 4. Move the cursor to the first error. 452 4. Move the cursor to the first error.
360 453
361 5. Type c$ to make the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>. 454 5. Type c$ and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>.
362 455
363 ---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second. 456 ---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second.
364 ---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command. 457 ---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.
365 458
366 459 NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing.
367 460
368 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 461 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
369 LESSON 3 SUMMARY 462 LESSON 3 SUMMARY
370 463
371 464
372 1. To replace text that has already been deleted, type p . This Puts the 465 1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the
373 deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the 466 deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
374 line below the cursor). 467 line below the cursor).
375 468
376 2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the 469 2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
377 character which will replace the original. 470 character you want to have there.
378 471
379 3. The change command allows you to change the specified object from the 472 3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
380 cursor to the end of the object. eg. Type cw to change from the 473 motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of
381 cursor to the end of the word, c$ to change to the end of a line. 474 the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.
382 475
383 4. The format for change is: 476 4. The format for change is:
384 477
385 [number] c object OR c [number] object 478 c [number] motion
386 479
387 Now go on to the next lesson. 480 Now go on to the next lesson.
388 481
389 482
390 483
391 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 484 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
392 Lesson 4.1: LOCATION AND FILE STATUS 485 Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
393 486
394 487 ** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status.
395 ** Type CTRL-g to show your location in the file and the file status. 488 Type G to move to a line in the file. **
396 Type SHIFT-G to move to a line in the file. **
397 489
398 Note: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!! 490 Note: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
399 491
400 1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . A status line will appear at the 492 1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . We call this CTRL-G.
401 bottom of the page with the filename and the line you are on. Remember 493 A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
402 the line number for Step 3. 494 position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3.
403 495
404 2. Press shift-G to move you to the bottom of the file. 496 NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
405 497 This happens when the 'ruler' option is set (explained in lesson 6).
406 3. Type in the number of the line you were on and then shift-G. This will 498
407 return you to the line you were on when you first pressed Ctrl-g. 499 2. Press G to move you to the bottom of the file.
408 (When you type in the numbers, they will NOT be displayed on the screen.) 500 Type gg to move you to the start of the file.
501
502 3. Type the number of the line you were on and then G . This will
503 return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G.
409 504
410 4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3. 505 4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
411
412
413 506
414 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 507 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
415 Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND 508 Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
416 509
417 510
421 appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command. 514 appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command.
422 515
423 2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for. 516 2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for.
424 517
425 3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n . 518 3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n .
426 To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type Shift-N . 519 To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N .
427 520
428 4. If you want to search for a phrase in the backwards direction, use the 521 4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / .
429 command ? instead of /. 522
430 523 5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O (Keep Ctrl down while
431 ---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error. 524 pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. CTRL-I goes forward.
432 525
526 Note: "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error.
433 Note: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the 527 Note: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
434 start. 528 start, unless the 'wrapscan' option has been reset.
435
436 529
437 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 530 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
438 Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH 531 Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
439 532
440 533
442 535
443 1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->. 536 1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
444 537
445 2. Now type the % character. 538 2. Now type the % character.
446 539
447 3. The cursor should be on the matching parenthesis or bracket. 540 3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.
448 541
449 4. Type % to move the cursor back to the first bracket (by matching). 542 4. Type % to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.
543
544 5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what % does.
450 545
451 ---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. )) 546 ---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. ))
452 547
548
453 Note: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses! 549 Note: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
454 550
455 551
456 552
457 553 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
458 554 Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
459
460 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
461 Lesson 4.4: A WAY TO CHANGE ERRORS
462 555
463 556
464 ** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. ** 557 ** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. **
465 558
466 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. 559 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
467 560
468 2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the 561 2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the
469 first occurrence on the line. 562 first occurrence of "thee" in the line.
470 563
471 3. Now type :s/thee/the/g meaning substitute globally on the line. 564 3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute
472 This changes all occurrences on the line. 565 globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.
473 566
474 ---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring. 567 ---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.
475 568
476 4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines, 569 4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
477 type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the numbers of the two lines. 570 type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range
478 Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file. 571 of lines where the subsitution is to be done.
479 572 Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
480 573 Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file,
481 574 with a prompt wether to substitute or not.
482 575
483 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 576 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
484 LESSON 4 SUMMARY 577 LESSON 4 SUMMARY
485 578
486 579
487 1. Ctrl-g displays your location in the file and the file status. 580 1. CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status.
488 Shift-G moves to the end of the file. A line number followed 581 G moves to the end of the file.
489 by Shift-G moves to that line number. 582 number G moves to that line number.
583 gg moves to the first line.
490 584
491 2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase. 585 2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
492 Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase. 586 Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
493 After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction 587 After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction
494 or Shift-N to search in the opposite direction. 588 or N to search in the opposite direction.
495 589 CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.
496 3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } locates its 590
497 matching pair. 591 3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
498 592
499 4. To substitute new for the first old on a line type :s/old/new 593 4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type :s/old/new
500 To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type :s/old/new/g 594 To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type :s/old/new/g
501 To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g 595 To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g
502 To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g 596 To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g
503 To ask for confirmation each time add 'c' :%s/old/new/gc 597 To ask for confirmation each time add 'c' :%s/old/new/gc
504 598
505
506 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 599 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
507 Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND 600 Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
508 601
509 602
510 ** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. ** 603 ** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. **
511 604
512 1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the 605 1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the
513 screen. This allows you to enter a command. 606 screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command.
514 607
515 2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to 608 2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to
516 execute any external shell command. 609 execute any external shell command.
517 610
518 3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This 611 3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This
519 will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the 612 will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
520 shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn't work. 613 shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn't work.
521 614
522 Note: It is possible to execute any external command this way. 615 Note: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
616 arguments.
523 617
524 Note: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER> 618 Note: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>
525 619 From here one we will not always mention it.
526
527 620
528 621
529 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 622 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
530 Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES 623 Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
531 624
532 625
533 ** To save the changes made to the file, type :w FILENAME. ** 626 ** To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME. **
534 627
535 1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory. 628 1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory.
536 You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this. 629 You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this.
537 630
538 2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST. 631 2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
539 632
540 3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.) 633 3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.)
541 634
542 4. This saves the whole file (Vim Tutor) under the name TEST. 635 4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
543 To verify this, type :!dir again to see your directory 636 To verify this, type :!dir or :!ls again to see your directory.
544 637
545 Note: If you were to exit Vim and enter again with the filename TEST, the file 638 Note: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file
546 would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it. 639 would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.
547 640
548 5. Now remove the file by typing (MS-DOS): :!del TEST 641 5. Now remove the file by typing (MS-DOS): :!del TEST
549 or (Unix): :!rm TEST 642 or (Unix): :!rm TEST
550 643
551 644
552 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 645 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
553 Lesson 5.3: A SELECTIVE WRITE COMMAND 646 Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE
554 647
555 648
556 ** To save part of the file, type :#,# w FILENAME ** 649 ** To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME **
557 650
558 1. Once again, type :!dir or :!ls to obtain a listing of your directory 651 1. Move the cursor to this line.
559 and choose a suitable filename such as TEST. 652
560 653 2. Press v and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the
561 2. Move the cursor to the top of this page and type Ctrl-g to find the 654 text is highlighted.
562 number of that line. REMEMBER THIS NUMBER! 655
563 656 3. Press the : character. At the bottom of the screen :'<,'> will appear.
564 3. Now move to the bottom of the page and type Ctrl-g again. REMEMBER THIS 657
565 LINE NUMBER ALSO! 658 4. Type w TEST , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify
566 659 that you see :'<,'>w TEST before you press Enter.
567 4. To save ONLY a section to a file, type :#,# w TEST where #,# are 660
568 the two numbers you remembered (top,bottom) and TEST is your filename. 661 5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use :!dir or !ls
569 662 to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson.
570 5. Again, see that the file is there with :!dir but DO NOT remove it. 663
571 664 NOTE: Pressing v starts Visual selection. You can move the cursor around
572 665 to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator
573 666 to do something with the text. For example, d deletes the text.
574 667
575 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 668 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
576 Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES 669 Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES
577 670
578 671
579 ** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME ** 672 ** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME **
580 673
581 1. Type :!dir to make sure your TEST filename is present from before. 674 1. Place the cursor just above this line.
582 675
583 2. Place the cursor at the top of this page. 676 NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from Lesson 5.3. Then move
584 677 DOWN to see this lesson again.
585 NOTE: After executing Step 3 you will see Lesson 5.3. Then move DOWN to 678
586 this lesson again. 679 2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is
587 680 the name of the file you used.
588 3. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is 681 The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line.
589 the name of the file. 682
590 683 3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
591 NOTE: The file you retrieve is placed starting where the cursor is located.
592
593 4. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
594 are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the file version. 684 are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the file version.
595 685
686 NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example,
687 :r !ls reads the output of the ls command and puts it below the
688 cursor.
596 689
597 690
598 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 691 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
599 LESSON 5 SUMMARY 692 LESSON 5 SUMMARY
600 693
606 :!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing. 699 :!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
607 :!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME. 700 :!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.
608 701
609 2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME. 702 2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.
610 703
611 3. :#,#w FILENAME saves the lines # through # in file FILENAME. 704 3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
612 705 FILENAME.
613 4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and inserts it into the 706
614 current file following the cursor position. 707 4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
615 708 cursor position.
616 709
617 710 5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
618 711 cursor position
619 712
620 713
621 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 714 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
622 Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND 715 Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
623 716
624 717
625 ** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. ** 718 ** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **
626 719
627 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. 720 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
628 721
629 2. Type o (lowercase) to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place you in 722 2. Type the lowercase letter o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place
630 Insert mode. 723 you in Insert mode.
631 724
632 3. Now copy the line marked ---> and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode. 725 3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode.
633 726
634 ---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode. 727 ---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode.
635 728
636 4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather 729 4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather
637 than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below. 730 than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below.
638 Open up a line above this by typing Shift-O while the cursor is on this line. 731
639 732 ---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line.
640 733
641 734
642 735
643 736
644 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 737 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
645 Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND 738 Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND
646 739
647 740
648 ** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. ** 741 ** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. **
649 742
650 1. Move the cursor to the end of the first line below marked ---> by 743 1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->.
651 typing $ in Normal mode. 744
652 745 2. Press e until the cursor is on the end of li .
653 2. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the character under the 746
654 cursor. (Uppercase A appends to the end of the line.) 747 3. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the cursor.
655 748
656 Note: This avoids typing i , the last character, the text to insert, <ESC>, 749 4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press <ESC> to exit Insert
657 cursor-right, and finally, x , just to append to the end of a line! 750 mode.
658 751
659 3. Now complete the first line. Note also that append is exactly the same 752 5. Use e to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4.
660 as Insert mode, except for the location where text is inserted. 753
661 754 ---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line.
662 ---> This line will allow you to practice 755 ---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.
663 ---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to the end of a line. 756
664 757 Note: a, i and A all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where
665 758 the characters are inserted.
666 759
667 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 760 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
668 Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER VERSION OF REPLACE 761 Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE
669 762
670 763
671 ** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. ** 764 ** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. **
672 765
673 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. 766 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. Move the cursor to
674 767 the beginning of the first xxx .
675 2. Place the cursor at the beginning of the first word that is different 768
676 from the second line marked ---> (the word 'last'). 769 2. Now press R and type the number below it in the second line, so that it
677 770 replaces the xxx .
678 3. Now type R and replace the remainder of the text on the first line by 771
679 typing over the old text to make the first line the same as the second. 772 3. Press <ESC> to leave Replace mode. Notice that the rest of the line
680 773 remains unmodified.
681 ---> To make the first line the same as the last on this page use the keys. 774
682 ---> To make the first line the same as the second, type R and the new text. 775 5. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining xxx.
683 776
684 4. Note that when you press <ESC> to exit, any unaltered text remains. 777 ---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx.
685 778 ---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.
686 779
687 780 NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an
688 781 existing character.
689 782
690 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 783 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
691 Lesson 6.4: SET OPTION 784 Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT
785
786
787 ** use the y operator to copy text and p to paste it **
788
789 1. Go to the line marked with ---> below and place the cursor after "a)".
790
791 2. Start Visual mode with v and move the cursor to just before "first".
792
793 3. Type y to yank (copy) the highlighted text.
794
795 4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: j$
796
797 5. Type p to put (paste) the text. Then type: a second <ESC> .
798
799 6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with y , move to the end of
800 the next line with j$ and put the text there with p .
801
802 ---> a) this is the first item.
803 b)
804
805 Note: you can also use y as an operator; yw yanks one word.
806 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
807 Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION
808
692 809
693 ** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case ** 810 ** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case **
694 811
695 1. Search for 'ignore' by entering: 812 1. Search for 'ignore' by entering: /ignore <ENTER>
696 /ignore 813 Repeat several times by pressing n .
697 Repeat several times by hitting the n key 814
698 815 2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering: :set ic
699 2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by typing: 816
700 :set ic 817 3. Now search for 'ignore' again by pressing n
701 818 Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found.
702 3. Now search for 'ignore' again by entering: n 819
703 Repeat search several more times by hitting the n key 820 4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options: :set hls is
704 821
705 4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options: 822 5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore <ENTER>
706 :set hls is 823
707 824 6. To disable ignoring case enter: :set noic
708 5. Now enter the search command again, and see what happens: 825
709 /ignore 826 Note: To remove the highlighting of matches enter: :nohlsearch
710 827 Note: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use \c
711 6. To remove the highlighting of matches, type: 828 in the phrase: /ignore\c <ENTER>
712 :nohlsearch
713 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 829 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
714 LESSON 6 SUMMARY 830 LESSON 6 SUMMARY
715 831
716 832 1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
717 1. Typing o opens a line BELOW the cursor and places the cursor on the open 833 Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor.
718 line in Insert mode. 834
719 Typing a capital O opens the line ABOVE the line the cursor is on. 835 2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.
720 836 Type A to insert text after the end of the line.
721 2. Type an a to insert text AFTER the character the cursor is on. 837
722 Typing a capital A automatically appends text to the end of the line. 838 3. The e command moves to the end of a word.
723 839
724 3. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed to exit. 840 4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it.
725 841
726 4. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx" 842 5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed.
727 843
728 844 6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are:
729 845 'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching
730 846 'is' 'incsearch' show partial matches for a search phrase
731 847 'hls' 'hlsearch' highlight all matching phrases
732 848 You can either use the long or the short option name.
733 849
734 850 7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: :set noic
735 851
736 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 852 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
737 LESSON 7: ON-LINE HELP COMMANDS 853 LESSON 7.1: GETTING HELP
738 854
739 855
740 ** Use the on-line help system ** 856 ** Use the on-line help system **
741 857
742 Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of 858 Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of
743 these three: 859 these three:
744 - press the <HELP> key (if you have one) 860 - press the <HELP> key (if you have one)
745 - press the <F1> key (if you have one) 861 - press the <F1> key (if you have one)
746 - type :help <ENTER> 862 - type :help <ENTER>
747 863
748 Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window. 864 Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works.
865 type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump from one window to another
866 Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window.
749 867
750 You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the 868 You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the
751 ":help" command. Try these (don't forget pressing <ENTER>): 869 ":help" command. Try these (don't forget pressing <ENTER>):
752 870
753 :help w 871 :help w
754 :help c_<T 872 :help c_CTRL-D
755 :help insert-index 873 :help insert-index
756 :help user-manual 874 :help user-manual
757 875 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
758 876 LESSON 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT
759 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 877
760 LESSON 8: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT 878
761 879 ** Enable Vim features **
762 ** Switch on Vim features ** 880
763 881 Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by
764 Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by default. 882 default. To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file.
765 To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file. 883
766 884 1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. This depends on your system:
767 1. Start editing the "vimrc" file, this depends on your system: 885 :e ~/.vimrc for Unix
768 :edit ~/.vimrc for Unix 886 :e $VIM/_vimrc for MS-Windows
769 :edit $VIM/_vimrc for MS-Windows 887
770 888 2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents:
771 2. Now read the example "vimrc" file text: 889 :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
772
773 :read $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
774 890
775 3. Write the file with: 891 3. Write the file with:
776 892 :w
777 :write
778 893
779 The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting. 894 The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting.
780 You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file. 895 You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file.
896 For more information type :help vimrc-intro
897
898 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
899 LESSON 7.3: COMPLETION
900
901
902 ** Command line completion with CTRL-D and <TAB> **
903
904 1. Make sure Vim is not in compatible mode: :set nocp
905
906 2. Look what files exist in the directory: :!ls or :!dir
907
908 3. Type the start of a command: :e
909
910 4. Press CTRL-D and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e".
911
912 5. Press <TAB> and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit".
913
914 6. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: :edit FIL
915
916 7. Press <TAB>. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique).
917
918 NOTE: Completion works for many commands. Just try pressing CTRL-D and
919 <TAB>. It is especially useful for :help .
920
921 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
922 LESSON 7 SUMMARY
923
924
925 1. Type :help or press <F1> or <Help> to open a help window.
926
927 2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd .
928
929 3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window
930
931 4. Type :q to close the help window
932
933 5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
934
935 6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
936 Press <TAB> to use one completion.
937
938
939
940
941
942
781 943
782 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 944 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
783 945
784 This concludes the Vim Tutor. It was intended to give a brief overview of 946 This concludes the Vim Tutor. It was intended to give a brief overview of
785 the Vim editor, just enough to allow you to use the editor fairly easily. 947 the Vim editor, just enough to allow you to use the editor fairly easily.