Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/cmdline.txt @ 33674:021e5bb88513 v9.0.2074
patch 9.0.2074: Completion menu may be wrong
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/daef8c74375141974d61b85199b383017644978c
Author: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
Date: Fri Oct 27 19:16:26 2023 +0200
patch 9.0.2074: Completion menu may be wrong
Problem: Completion menu may be wrong
Solution: Check for the original direction of the completion menu,
add more tests, make it work with 'noselect'
completion: move in right direction when filling completion_info()
When moving through the insert completion menu and switching directions,
we need to make sure we start at the correct position in the list and
move correctly forward/backwards through it, so that we do not skip
entries and the selected item points to the correct entry in the list
of completion entries generated by the completion_info() function.
The general case is this:
1) CTRL-X CTRL-N, we will traverse the list starting from
compl_first_match and then go forwards (using the cp->next pointer)
through the list (skipping the very first entry, which has the
CP_ORIGINAL_TEXT flag set (since that is the empty/non-selected entry
2) CTRL-X CTRL-P, we will traverse the list starting from
compl_first_match (which now points to the last entry). The previous
entry will have the CP_ORIGINAL_TEXT flag set, so we need to start
traversing the list from the second prev pointer.
There are in fact 2 special cases after starting the completion menu
with CTRL-X:
3) CTRL-N and then going backwards by pressing CTRL-P again.
compl_first_match will point to the same entry as in step 1 above,
but since compl_dir_foward() has been switched by pressing CTRL-P
to backwards we need to pretend to be in still in case 1 and still
traverse the list in forward direction using the cp_next pointer
4) CTRL-P and then going forwards by pressing CTRL-N again.
compl_first_match will point to the same entry as in step 2 above,
but since compl_dir_foward() has been switched by pressing CTRL-N
to forwards we need to pretend to be in still in case 2 and still
traverse the list in backward direction using the cp_prev pointer
For the 'noselect' case however, this is slightly different again. When
going backwards, we only need to go one cp_prev pointer back. And
resting of the direction works again slightly different. So we need to
take the noselect option into account when deciding in which direction
to iterate through the list of matches.
related: #13402
related: #12971
closes: #13408
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Fri, 27 Oct 2023 19:30:05 +0200 |
parents | 46d449fd4fe4 |
children | 9503dc55b5ed |
rev | line source |
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1 *cmdline.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2023 May 20 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 *Cmdline-mode* *Command-line-mode* |
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8 Command-line mode *Cmdline* *Command-line* *mode-cmdline* *:* |
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9 |
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10 Command-line mode is used to enter Ex commands (":"), search patterns |
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11 ("/" and "?"), and filter commands ("!"). |
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12 |
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13 Basic command line editing is explained in chapter 20 of the user manual |
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14 |usr_20.txt|. |
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15 |
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16 1. Command-line editing |cmdline-editing| |
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17 2. Command-line completion |cmdline-completion| |
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18 3. Ex command-lines |cmdline-lines| |
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19 4. Ex command-line ranges |cmdline-ranges| |
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20 5. Ex command-line flags |ex-flags| |
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21 6. Ex special characters |cmdline-special| |
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22 7. Command-line window |cmdline-window| |
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23 |
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24 ============================================================================== |
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25 1. Command-line editing *cmdline-editing* |
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26 |
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27 Normally characters are inserted in front of the cursor position. You can |
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28 move around in the command-line with the left and right cursor keys. With the |
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29 <Insert> key, you can toggle between inserting and overstriking characters. |
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30 |
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31 Note that if your keyboard does not have working cursor keys or any of the |
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32 other special keys, you can use ":cnoremap" to define another key for them. |
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33 For example, to define tcsh style editing keys: *tcsh-style* > |
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34 :cnoremap <C-A> <Home> |
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35 :cnoremap <C-F> <Right> |
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36 :cnoremap <C-B> <Left> |
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37 :cnoremap <Esc>b <S-Left> |
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38 :cnoremap <Esc>f <S-Right> |
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39 (<> notation |<>|; type all this literally) |
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40 |
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41 *cmdline-too-long* |
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42 When the command line is getting longer than what fits on the screen, only the |
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43 part that fits will be shown. The cursor can only move in this visible part, |
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44 thus you cannot edit beyond that. |
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45 |
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46 *cmdline-history* *history* |
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47 The command-lines that you enter are remembered in a history table. You can |
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48 recall them with the up and down cursor keys. There are actually five |
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49 history tables: |
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50 - one for ':' commands |
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51 - one for search strings |
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52 - one for expressions |
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53 - one for input lines, typed for the |input()| function. |
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54 - one for debug mode commands |
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55 These are completely separate. Each history can only be accessed when |
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56 entering the same type of line. |
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57 Use the 'history' option to set the number of lines that are remembered |
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58 (default: 50). |
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59 Notes: |
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60 - When you enter a command-line that is exactly the same as an older one, the |
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61 old one is removed (to avoid repeated commands moving older commands out of |
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62 the history). |
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63 - Only commands that are typed are remembered. Ones that completely come from |
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64 mappings are not put in the history. |
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65 - All searches are put in the search history, including the ones that come |
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66 from commands like "*" and "#". But for a mapping, only the last search is |
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67 remembered (to avoid that long mappings trash the history). |
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68 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| feature} |
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69 |
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70 There is an automatic completion of names on the command-line; see |
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71 |cmdline-completion|. |
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72 |
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73 *c_CTRL-V* |
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74 CTRL-V Insert next non-digit literally. Up to three digits form the |
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75 decimal value of a single byte. The non-digit and the three |
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76 digits are not considered for mapping. This works the same |
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77 way as in Insert mode (see above, |i_CTRL-V|). |
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78 Note: Under MS-Windows CTRL-V is often mapped to paste text. |
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79 Use CTRL-Q instead then. |
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80 When |modifyOtherKeys| is enabled then special Escape sequence |
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81 is converted back to what it was without |modifyOtherKeys|, |
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82 unless the Shift key is also pressed. |
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83 *c_CTRL-Q* |
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84 CTRL-Q Same as CTRL-V. But with some terminals it is used for |
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85 control flow, it doesn't work then. |
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86 |
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87 CTRL-SHIFT-V *c_CTRL-SHIFT-V* *c_CTRL-SHIFT-Q* |
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88 CTRL-SHIFT-Q Works just like CTRL-V, unless |modifyOtherKeys| is active, |
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89 then it inserts the Escape sequence for a key with modifiers. |
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90 In the GUI the |key-notation| is inserted without simplifying. |
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91 |
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92 *c_<Left>* *c_Left* |
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93 <Left> cursor left. See 'wildmenu' for behavior during wildmenu |
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94 completion mode. |
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95 *c_<Right>* *c_Right* |
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96 <Right> cursor right. See 'wildmenu' for behavior during wildmenu |
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97 completion mode. |
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98 *c_<S-Left>* |
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99 <S-Left> or <C-Left> *c_<C-Left>* |
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100 cursor one WORD left |
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101 *c_<S-Right>* |
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102 <S-Right> or <C-Right> *c_<C-Right>* |
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103 cursor one WORD right |
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104 CTRL-B or <Home> *c_CTRL-B* *c_<Home>* *c_Home* |
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105 cursor to beginning of command-line |
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106 CTRL-E or <End> *c_CTRL-E* *c_<End>* *c_End* |
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107 cursor to end of command-line. See 'wildmenu' for behavior |
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108 during wildmenu completion mode. |
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109 |
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110 *c_<LeftMouse>* |
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111 <LeftMouse> Move the cursor to the position of the mouse click. |
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112 |
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113 *c_<MiddleMouse>* |
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114 <MiddleMouse> Paste the contents of the clipboard (for X11 the primary |
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115 selection). This is similar to using CTRL-R *, but no CR |
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116 characters are inserted between lines. |
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117 |
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118 CTRL-H *c_<BS>* *c_CTRL-H* *c_BS* |
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119 <BS> Delete the character in front of the cursor (see |:fixdel| if |
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120 your <BS> key does not do what you want). |
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121 *c_<Del>* *c_Del* |
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122 <Del> Delete the character under the cursor (at end of line: |
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123 character before the cursor) (see |:fixdel| if your <Del> |
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124 key does not do what you want). |
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125 *c_CTRL-W* |
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126 CTRL-W Delete the |word| before the cursor. This depends on the |
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127 'iskeyword' option. |
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128 *c_CTRL-U* |
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129 CTRL-U Remove all characters between the cursor position and |
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130 the beginning of the line. Previous versions of vim |
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131 deleted all characters on the line. If that is the |
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132 preferred behavior, add the following to your .vimrc: > |
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133 :cnoremap <C-U> <C-E><C-U> |
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134 < |
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135 *c_<Insert>* *c_Insert* |
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136 <Insert> Toggle between insert and overstrike. |
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137 |
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138 {char1} <BS> {char2} or *c_digraph* |
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139 CTRL-K {char1} {char2} *c_CTRL-K* |
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140 enter digraph (see |digraphs|). When {char1} is a special |
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141 key, the code for that key is inserted in <> form. |
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142 |
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143 CTRL-R {register} *c_CTRL-R* *c_<C-R>* |
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144 Insert the contents of a numbered or named register. Between |
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145 typing CTRL-R and the second character '"' will be displayed |
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146 to indicate that you are expected to enter the name of a |
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147 register. |
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148 The text is inserted as if you typed it, but mappings and |
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149 abbreviations are not used. Command-line completion through |
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150 'wildchar' is not triggered though. And characters that end |
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151 the command line are inserted literally (<Esc>, <CR>, <NL>, |
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152 <C-C>). A <BS> or CTRL-W could still end the command line |
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153 though, and remaining characters will then be interpreted in |
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154 another mode, which might not be what you intended. |
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155 Special registers: |
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156 '"' the unnamed register, containing the text of |
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157 the last delete or yank |
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158 '%' the current file name |
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159 '#' the alternate file name |
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160 '*' the clipboard contents (X11: primary selection) |
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161 '+' the clipboard contents |
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162 '/' the last search pattern |
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163 ':' the last command-line |
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164 '-' the last small (less than a line) delete |
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165 '.' the last inserted text |
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166 *c_CTRL-R_=* |
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167 '=' the expression register: you are prompted to |
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168 enter an expression (see |expression|) |
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169 (doesn't work at the expression prompt; some |
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170 things such as changing the buffer or current |
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171 window are not allowed to avoid side effects) |
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172 When the result is a |List| the items are used |
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173 as lines. They can have line breaks inside |
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174 too. |
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175 When the result is a Float it's automatically |
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176 converted to a String. |
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177 Note that when you only want to move the |
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178 cursor and not insert anything, you must make |
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179 sure the expression evaluates to an empty |
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180 string. E.g.: > |
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181 <C-R><C-R>=setcmdpos(2)[-1]<CR> |
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182 < See |registers| about registers. |
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183 Implementation detail: When using the |expression| register |
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184 and invoking setcmdpos(), this sets the position before |
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185 inserting the resulting string. Use CTRL-R CTRL-R to set the |
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186 position afterwards. |
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187 |
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188 CTRL-R CTRL-F *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-F* *c_<C-R>_<C-F>* |
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189 CTRL-R CTRL-P *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-P* *c_<C-R>_<C-P>* |
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190 CTRL-R CTRL-W *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-W* *c_<C-R>_<C-W>* |
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191 CTRL-R CTRL-A *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-A* *c_<C-R>_<C-A>* |
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192 CTRL-R CTRL-L *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-L* *c_<C-R>_<C-L>* |
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193 Insert the object under the cursor: |
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194 CTRL-F the Filename under the cursor |
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195 CTRL-P the Filename under the cursor, expanded with |
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196 'path' as in |gf| |
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197 CTRL-W the Word under the cursor |
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198 CTRL-A the WORD under the cursor; see |WORD| |
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199 CTRL-L the line under the cursor |
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200 |
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201 When 'incsearch' is set the cursor position at the end of the |
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202 currently displayed match is used. With CTRL-W the part of |
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203 the word that was already typed is not inserted again. |
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204 |
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205 *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R* *c_<C-R>_<C-R>* |
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206 *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-O* *c_<C-R>_<C-O>* |
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207 CTRL-R CTRL-R {register CTRL-F CTRL-P CTRL-W CTRL-A CTRL-L} |
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208 CTRL-R CTRL-O {register CTRL-F CTRL-P CTRL-W CTRL-A CTRL-L} |
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209 Insert register or object under the cursor. Works like |
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210 |c_CTRL-R| but inserts the text literally. For example, if |
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211 register a contains "xy^Hz" (where ^H is a backspace), |
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212 "CTRL-R a" will insert "xz" while "CTRL-R CTRL-R a" will |
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213 insert "xy^Hz". |
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214 |
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215 CTRL-\ e {expr} *c_CTRL-\_e* |
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216 Evaluate {expr} and replace the whole command line with the |
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217 result. You will be prompted for the expression, type <Enter> |
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218 to finish it. It's most useful in mappings though. See |
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219 |expression|. |
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220 See |c_CTRL-R_=| for inserting the result of an expression. |
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221 Useful functions are |getcmdtype()|, |getcmdline()| and |
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222 |getcmdpos()|. |
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223 The cursor position is unchanged, except when the cursor was |
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224 at the end of the line, then it stays at the end. |
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225 |setcmdpos()| can be used to set the cursor position. |
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226 The |sandbox| is used for evaluating the expression to avoid |
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227 nasty side effects. |
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228 Example: > |
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229 :cmap <F7> <C-\>eAppendSome()<CR> |
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230 :func AppendSome() |
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231 :let cmd = getcmdline() .. " Some()" |
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232 :" place the cursor on the ) |
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233 :call setcmdpos(strlen(cmd)) |
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234 :return cmd |
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235 :endfunc |
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236 < This doesn't work recursively, thus not when already editing |
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237 an expression. But it is possible to use in a mapping. |
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238 |
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239 *c_CTRL-Y* |
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240 CTRL-Y When there is a modeless selection, copy the selection into |
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241 the clipboard. |modeless-selection| |
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242 If there is no selection CTRL-Y is inserted as a character. |
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243 See 'wildmenu' for behavior during wildmenu completion mode. |
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244 |
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245 CTRL-M or CTRL-J *c_CTRL-M* *c_CTRL-J* *c_<NL>* *c_<CR>* *c_CR* |
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246 <CR> or <NL> start entered command |
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247 |
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248 CTRL-[ *c_CTRL-[* *c_<Esc>* *c_Esc* |
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249 <Esc> When typed and 'x' not present in 'cpoptions', quit |
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250 Command-line mode without executing. In macros or when 'x' |
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251 present in 'cpoptions', start entered command. |
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252 Note: If your <Esc> key is hard to hit on your keyboard, train |
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253 yourself to use CTRL-[. |
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254 *c_CTRL-C* |
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255 CTRL-C quit command-line without executing |
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256 |
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257 *c_<Up>* *c_Up* |
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258 <Up> recall older command-line from history, whose beginning |
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259 matches the current command-line (see below). See 'wildmenu' |
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260 for behavior during wildmenu completion mode. |
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261 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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262 feature} |
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263 *c_<Down>* *c_Down* |
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264 <Down> recall more recent command-line from history, whose beginning |
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265 matches the current command-line (see below). See 'wildmenu' |
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266 for behavior during wildmenu completion mode. |
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267 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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268 feature} |
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269 |
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270 *c_<S-Up>* *c_<PageUp>* |
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271 <S-Up> or <PageUp> |
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272 recall older command-line from history |
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273 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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274 feature} |
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275 *c_<S-Down>* *c_<PageDown>* |
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276 <S-Down> or <PageDown> |
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277 recall more recent command-line from history |
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278 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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279 feature} |
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280 |
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281 CTRL-D command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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282 'wildchar' option |
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283 command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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284 CTRL-N command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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285 CTRL-P command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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286 CTRL-A command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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287 CTRL-L command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|) |
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288 |
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289 *c_CTRL-_* |
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290 CTRL-_ a - switch between Hebrew and English keyboard mode, which is |
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291 private to the command-line and not related to hkmap. |
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292 This is useful when Hebrew text entry is required in the |
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293 command-line, searches, abbreviations, etc. Applies only if |
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294 Vim is compiled with the |+rightleft| feature and the |
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295 'allowrevins' option is set. |
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296 See |rileft.txt|. |
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297 |
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298 b - switch between Farsi and English keyboard mode, which is |
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299 private to the command-line and not related to fkmap. In |
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300 Farsi keyboard mode the characters are inserted in reverse |
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301 insert manner. This is useful when Farsi text entry is |
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302 required in the command-line, searches, abbreviations, etc. |
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303 Applies only if Vim is compiled with the |+farsi| feature. |
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304 See |farsi.txt|. |
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305 |
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306 *c_CTRL-^* |
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307 CTRL-^ Toggle the use of language |:lmap| mappings and/or Input |
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308 Method. |
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309 When typing a pattern for a search command and 'imsearch' is |
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310 not -1, VAL is the value of 'imsearch', otherwise VAL is the |
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311 value of 'iminsert'. |
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312 When language mappings are defined: |
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313 - If VAL is 1 (langmap mappings used) it becomes 0 (no langmap |
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314 mappings used). |
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315 - If VAL was not 1 it becomes 1, thus langmap mappings are |
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316 enabled. |
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317 When no language mappings are defined: |
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318 - If VAL is 2 (Input Method is used) it becomes 0 (no input |
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319 method used) |
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320 - If VAL has another value it becomes 2, thus the Input Method |
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321 is enabled. |
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322 These language mappings are normally used to type characters |
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323 that are different from what the keyboard produces. The |
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324 'keymap' option can be used to install a whole number of them. |
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325 When entering a command line, langmap mappings are switched |
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326 off, since you are expected to type a command. After |
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327 switching it on with CTRL-^, the new state is not used again |
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328 for the next command or Search pattern. |
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329 |
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330 *c_CTRL-]* |
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331 CTRL-] Trigger abbreviation, without inserting a character. |
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332 |
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333 For Emacs-style editing on the command-line see |emacs-keys|. |
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334 |
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335 The <Up> and <Down> keys take the current command-line as a search string. |
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336 The beginning of the next/previous command-lines are compared with this |
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337 string. The first line that matches is the new command-line. When typing |
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338 these two keys repeatedly, the same string is used again. For example, this |
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339 can be used to find the previous substitute command: Type ":s" and then <Up>. |
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340 The same could be done by typing <S-Up> a number of times until the desired |
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341 command-line is shown. (Note: the shifted arrow keys do not work on all |
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342 terminals) |
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343 |
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344 *:his* *:history* |
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345 :his[tory] Print the history of last entered commands. |
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346 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| |
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347 feature} |
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348 |
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349 :his[tory] [{name}] [{first}][, [{last}]] |
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350 List the contents of history {name} which can be: |
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351 c[md] or : command-line history |
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352 s[earch] or / or ? search string history |
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353 e[xpr] or = expression register history |
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354 i[nput] or @ input line history |
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355 d[ebug] or > debug command history |
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356 a[ll] all of the above |
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357 |
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358 If the numbers {first} and/or {last} are given, the respective |
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359 range of entries from a history is listed. These numbers can |
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360 be specified in the following form: |
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361 *:history-indexing* |
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362 A positive number represents the absolute index of an entry |
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363 as it is given in the first column of a :history listing. |
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364 This number remains fixed even if other entries are deleted. |
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365 |
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366 A negative number means the relative position of an entry, |
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367 counted from the newest entry (which has index -1) backwards. |
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368 |
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369 Examples: |
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370 List entries 6 to 12 from the search history: > |
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371 :history / 6,12 |
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372 < |
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373 List the penultimate entry from all histories: > |
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374 :history all -2 |
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375 < |
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376 List the most recent two entries from all histories: > |
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377 :history all -2, |
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378 |
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379 :keepp[atterns] {command} *:keepp* *:keeppatterns* |
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380 Execute {command}, without adding anything to the search |
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381 history |
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382 |
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383 ============================================================================== |
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384 2. Command-line completion *cmdline-completion* |
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385 |
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386 When editing the command-line, a few commands can be used to complete the |
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387 word before the cursor. This is available for: |
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388 |
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389 - Command names: At the start of the command-line. |
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390 - |++opt| values. |
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391 - Tags: Only after the ":tag" command. |
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392 - File names: Only after a command that accepts a file name or a setting for |
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393 an option that can be set to a file name. This is called file name |
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394 completion. |
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395 - Shell command names: After ":!cmd", ":r !cmd" and ":w !cmd". $PATH is used. |
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396 - Options: Only after the ":set" command. |
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397 - Mappings: Only after a ":map" or similar command. |
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398 - Variable and function names: Only after a ":if", ":call" or similar command. |
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399 |
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400 The number of help item matches is limited (currently to 300) to avoid a long |
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401 delay when there are very many matches. |
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402 |
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403 These are the commands that can be used: |
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404 |
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405 *c_CTRL-D* |
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406 CTRL-D List names that match the pattern in front of the cursor. |
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407 When showing file names, directories are highlighted (see |
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408 'highlight' option). Names where 'suffixes' matches are moved |
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409 to the end. |
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410 The 'wildoptions' option can be set to "tagfile" to list the |
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411 file of matching tags. |
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412 *c_CTRL-I* *c_wildchar* *c_<Tab>* |
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413 'wildchar' option |
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414 A match is done on the pattern in front of the cursor. The |
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415 match (if there are several, the first match) is inserted |
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416 in place of the pattern. (Note: does not work inside a |
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417 macro, because <Tab> or <Esc> are mostly used as 'wildchar', |
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418 and these have a special meaning in some macros.) When typed |
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419 again and there were multiple matches, the next |
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420 match is inserted. After the last match, the first is used |
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421 again (wrap around). |
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422 The behavior can be changed with the 'wildmode' option. |
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423 *c_<S-Tab>* |
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424 <S-Tab> Like 'wildchar' or <Tab>, but begin with the last match and |
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425 then go to the previous match. |
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426 <S-Tab> does not work everywhere. |
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427 *c_CTRL-N* |
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428 CTRL-N After using 'wildchar' which got multiple matches, go to next |
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429 match. Otherwise recall more recent command-line from history. |
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430 *c_CTRL-P* |
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431 CTRL-P After using 'wildchar' which got multiple matches, go to |
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432 previous match. Otherwise recall older command-line from |
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433 history. |
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434 *c_CTRL-A* |
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435 CTRL-A All names that match the pattern in front of the cursor are |
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436 inserted. |
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437 *c_CTRL-L* |
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438 CTRL-L A match is done on the pattern in front of the cursor. If |
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439 there is one match, it is inserted in place of the pattern. |
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440 If there are multiple matches the longest common part is |
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441 inserted in place of the pattern. If the result is shorter |
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442 than the pattern, no completion is done. |
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443 */_CTRL-L* |
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444 When 'incsearch' is set, entering a search pattern for "/" or |
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445 "?" and the current match is displayed then CTRL-L will add |
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446 one character from the end of the current match. If |
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447 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' are set and the command line has |
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448 no uppercase characters, the added character is converted to |
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449 lowercase. |
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450 *c_CTRL-G* */_CTRL-G* |
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451 CTRL-G When 'incsearch' is set, entering a search pattern for "/" or |
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452 "?" and the current match is displayed then CTRL-G will move |
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453 to the next match (does not take |search-offset| into account) |
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454 Use CTRL-T to move to the previous match. Hint: on a regular |
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455 keyboard T is above G. |
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456 *c_CTRL-T* */_CTRL-T* |
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457 CTRL-T When 'incsearch' is set, entering a search pattern for "/" or |
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458 "?" and the current match is displayed then CTRL-T will move |
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459 to the previous match (does not take |search-offset| into |
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460 account). |
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461 Use CTRL-G to move to the next match. Hint: on a regular |
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462 keyboard T is above G. |
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463 |
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464 The 'wildchar' option defaults to <Tab> (CTRL-E when in Vi compatible mode; in |
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465 a previous version <Esc> was used). In the pattern standard wildcards '*' and |
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466 '?' are accepted when matching file names. '*' matches any string, '?' |
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467 matches exactly one character. |
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468 |
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469 When repeating 'wildchar' or CTRL-N you cycle through the matches, eventually |
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470 ending up back to what was typed. If the first match is not what you wanted, |
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471 you can use <S-Tab> or CTRL-P to go straight back to what you typed. |
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472 |
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473 The 'wildmenu' option can be set to show the matches just above the command |
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474 line. |
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475 |
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476 The 'wildoptions' option provides additional configuration to use a popup menu |
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477 for 'wildmenu', and to use fuzzy matching. |
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478 |
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479 The 'wildignorecase' option can be set to ignore case in filenames. For |
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480 completing other texts (e.g. command names), the 'ignorecase' option is used |
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481 instead (fuzzy matching always ignores case, however). |
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482 |
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483 If you like tcsh's autolist completion, you can use this mapping: |
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484 :cnoremap X <C-L><C-D> |
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485 (Where X is the command key to use, <C-L> is CTRL-L and <C-D> is CTRL-D) |
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486 This will find the longest match and then list all matching files. |
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487 |
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488 If you like tcsh's autolist completion, you can use the 'wildmode' option to |
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489 emulate it. For example, this mimics autolist=ambiguous: |
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490 :set wildmode=longest,list |
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491 This will find the longest match with the first 'wildchar', then list all |
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492 matching files with the next. |
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493 |
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494 *complete-script-local-functions* |
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495 When completing user function names, prepend "s:" to find script-local |
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496 functions. |
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497 |
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498 *suffixes* |
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499 For file name completion you can use the 'suffixes' option to set a priority |
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500 between files with almost the same name. If there are multiple matches, |
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501 those files with an extension that is in the 'suffixes' option are ignored. |
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502 The default is ".bak,~,.o,.h,.info,.swp,.obj", which means that files ending |
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503 in ".bak", "~", ".o", ".h", ".info", ".swp" and ".obj" are sometimes ignored. |
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504 |
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505 An empty entry, two consecutive commas, match a file name that does not |
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506 contain a ".", thus has no suffix. This is useful to ignore "prog" and prefer |
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507 "prog.c". |
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508 |
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509 Examples: |
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510 |
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511 pattern: files: match: ~ |
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512 test* test.c test.h test.o test.c |
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513 test* test.h test.o test.h and test.o |
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514 test* test.i test.h test.c test.i and test.c |
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515 |
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516 It is impossible to ignore suffixes with two dots. |
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517 |
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518 If there is more than one matching file (after ignoring the ones matching |
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519 the 'suffixes' option) the first file name is inserted. You can see that |
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520 there is only one match when you type 'wildchar' twice and the completed |
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521 match stays the same. You can get to the other matches by entering |
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522 'wildchar', CTRL-N or CTRL-P. All files are included, also the ones with |
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|
523 extensions matching the 'suffixes' option. |
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|
524 |
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525 To completely ignore files with some extension use 'wildignore'. |
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526 |
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527 To match only files that end at the end of the typed text append a "$". For |
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528 example, to match only files that end in ".c": > |
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529 :e *.c$ |
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530 This will not match a file ending in ".cpp". Without the "$" it does match. |
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|
531 |
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532 If you would like using <S-Tab> for CTRL-P in an xterm, put this command in |
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533 your .cshrc: > |
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|
534 xmodmap -e "keysym Tab = Tab Find" |
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535 And this in your .vimrc: > |
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536 :cmap <Esc>[1~ <C-P> |
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537 < *complete-set-option* |
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538 When setting an option using |:set=|, the old value of an option can be |
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patch 9.0.1958: cannot complete option values
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539 obtained by hitting 'wildchar' just after the '='. For example, typing |
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|
540 'wildchar' after ":set dir=" will insert the current value of 'dir'. This |
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parents:
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541 overrules file name completion for the options that take a file name. |
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542 |
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543 When using |:set=|, |:set+=|, or |:set^=|, string options that have |
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patch 9.0.1958: cannot complete option values
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544 pre-defined names or syntax (e.g. 'diffopt', 'listchars') or are a list of |
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545 single-character flags (e.g. 'shortmess') will also present a list of possible |
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546 values for completion when using 'wildchar'. |
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547 |
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548 When using |:set-=|, comma-separated options like 'diffopt' or 'backupdir' |
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|
549 will show each item separately. Flag list options like 'shortmess' will show |
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550 both the entire old value and the individual flags. Otherwise completion will |
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551 just fill in with the entire old value. |
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552 |
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553 ============================================================================== |
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554 3. Ex command-lines *cmdline-lines* |
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555 |
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556 The Ex commands have a few specialties: |
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|
557 |
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558 *:quote* *:comment* |
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559 '"' at the start of a line causes the whole line to be ignored. '"' |
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changeset
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560 after a command causes the rest of the line to be ignored. This can be used |
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561 to add comments. Example: > |
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562 :set ai "set 'autoindent' option |
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changeset
|
563 It is not possible to add a comment to a shell command ":!cmd" or to the |
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564 ":map" command and a few others (mainly commands that expect expressions) |
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565 that see the '"' as part of their argument: |
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566 |
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567 :argdo |
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568 :autocmd |
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|
569 :bufdo |
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570 :cexpr (and the like) |
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571 :cdo (and the like) |
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|
572 :command |
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573 :cscope (and the like) |
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|
574 :debug |
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575 :display |
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576 :echo (and the like) |
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577 :elseif |
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578 :execute |
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579 :folddoopen |
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580 :folddoclosed |
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changeset
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581 :for |
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changeset
|
582 :grep (and the like) |
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diff
changeset
|
583 :help (and the like) |
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diff
changeset
|
584 :if |
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|
585 :let |
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|
586 :make |
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587 :map (and the like including :abbrev commands) |
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588 :menu (and the like) |
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589 :mkspell |
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590 :normal |
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591 :ownsyntax |
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592 :popup |
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diff
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593 :promptfind (and the like) |
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594 :registers |
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diff
changeset
|
595 :return |
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|
596 :sort |
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changeset
|
597 :syntax |
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|
598 :tabdo |
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599 :tearoff |
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600 :vimgrep (and the like) |
695b50472e85
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601 :while |
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602 :windo |
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diff
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|
603 |
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changeset
|
604 *:bar* *:\bar* |
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changeset
|
605 '|' can be used to separate commands, so you can give multiple commands in one |
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606 line. If you want to use '|' in an argument, precede it with '\'. |
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607 |
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608 These commands see the '|' as their argument, and can therefore not be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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609 followed by another Vim command: |
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changeset
|
610 :argdo |
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diff
changeset
|
611 :autocmd |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
612 :bufdo |
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diff
changeset
|
613 :cdo |
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diff
changeset
|
614 :cfdo |
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diff
changeset
|
615 :command |
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|
616 :cscope |
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|
617 :debug |
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|
618 :eval |
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|
619 :folddoopen |
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|
620 :folddoclosed |
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621 :function |
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|
622 :global |
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623 :help |
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|
624 :helpfind |
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|
625 :helpgrep |
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|
626 :lcscope |
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|
627 :ldo |
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|
628 :lfdo |
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|
629 :lhelpgrep |
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|
630 :make |
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|
631 :normal |
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|
632 :perl |
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|
633 :perldo |
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|
634 :promptfind |
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|
635 :promptrepl |
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|
636 :pyfile |
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|
637 :python |
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|
638 :registers |
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|
639 :read ! |
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|
640 :scscope |
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|
641 :sign |
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|
642 :tabdo |
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changeset
|
643 :tcl |
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|
644 :tcldo |
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|
645 :tclfile |
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|
646 :terminal |
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|
647 :vglobal |
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648 :windo |
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|
649 :write ! |
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|
650 :[range]! |
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|
651 a user defined command without the "-bar" argument |:command| |
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|
652 |
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|
653 Note that this is confusing (inherited from Vi): With ":g" the '|' is included |
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diff
changeset
|
654 in the command, with ":s" it is not. |
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diff
changeset
|
655 |
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656 To be able to use another command anyway, use the ":execute" command. |
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|
657 Example (append the output of "ls" and jump to the first line): > |
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658 :execute 'r !ls' | '[ |
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659 |
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660 There is one exception: When the 'b' flag is present in 'cpoptions', with the |
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661 ":map" and ":abbr" commands and friends CTRL-V needs to be used instead of |
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662 '\'. You can also use "<Bar>" instead. See also |map_bar|. |
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663 |
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664 Examples: > |
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665 :!ls | wc view the output of two commands |
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666 :r !ls | wc insert the same output in the text |
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667 :%g/foo/p|> moves all matching lines one shiftwidth |
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668 :%s/foo/bar/|> moves one line one shiftwidth |
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669 :map q 10^V| map "q" to "10|" |
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670 :map q 10\| map \ l map "q" to "10\" and map "\" to "l" |
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671 (when 'b' is present in 'cpoptions') |
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672 |
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673 You can also use <NL> to separate commands in the same way as with '|'. To |
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674 insert a <NL> use CTRL-V CTRL-J. "^@" will be shown. Using '|' is the |
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675 preferred method. But for external commands a <NL> must be used, because a |
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676 '|' is included in the external command. To avoid the special meaning of <NL> |
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677 it must be preceded with a backslash. Example: > |
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678 :r !date<NL>-join |
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679 This reads the current date into the file and joins it with the previous line. |
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680 |
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681 Note that when the command before the '|' generates an error, the following |
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682 commands will not be executed. |
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683 |
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684 |
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685 Because of Vi compatibility the following strange commands are supported: > |
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686 :| print current line (like ":p") |
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687 :3| print line 3 (like ":3p") |
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688 :3 goto line 3 |
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689 |
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690 A colon is allowed between the range and the command name. It is ignored |
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691 (this is Vi compatible). For example: > |
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692 :1,$:s/pat/string |
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693 |
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694 When the character '%' or '#' is used where a file name is expected, they are |
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695 expanded to the current and alternate file name (see the chapter "editing |
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696 files" |:_%| |:_#|). |
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697 |
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698 Embedded spaces in file names are allowed on the Amiga if one file name is |
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699 expected as argument. Trailing spaces will be ignored, unless escaped with a |
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700 backslash or CTRL-V. Note that the ":next" command uses spaces to separate |
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701 file names. Escape the spaces to include them in a file name. Example: > |
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702 :next foo\ bar goes\ to school\ |
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703 starts editing the three files "foo bar", "goes to" and "school ". |
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704 |
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705 When you want to use the special characters '"' or '|' in a command, or want |
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706 to use '%' or '#' in a file name, precede them with a backslash. The |
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707 backslash is not required in a range and in the ":substitute" command. |
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708 See also |`=|. |
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709 |
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|
710 *:_!* |
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711 The '!' (bang) character after an Ex command makes the command behave in a |
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712 different way. The '!' should be placed immediately after the command, without |
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713 any blanks in between. If you insert blanks the '!' will be seen as an |
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714 argument for the command, which has a different meaning. For example: |
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715 :w! name write the current buffer to file "name", overwriting |
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716 any existing file |
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717 :w !name send the current buffer as standard input to command |
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718 "name" |
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|
719 |
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|
720 ============================================================================== |
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721 4. Ex command-line ranges *cmdline-ranges* *[range]* *E16* |
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722 |
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723 Some Ex commands accept a line range in front of them. This is noted as |
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724 [range]. It consists of one or more line specifiers, separated with ',' or |
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725 ';'. |
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726 |
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727 The basics are explained in section |10.3| of the user manual. |
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728 |
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729 In |Vim9| script a range needs to be prefixed with a colon to avoid ambiguity |
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730 with continuation lines. For example, "+" can be used for a range but is also |
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731 a continuation of an expression: > |
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|
732 var result = start |
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|
733 + print |
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734 If the "+" is a range then it must be prefixed with a colon: > |
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735 var result = start |
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736 :+ print |
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737 < |
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|
738 *:,* *:;* |
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739 When separated with ';' the cursor position will be set to that line |
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740 before interpreting the next line specifier. This doesn't happen for ','. |
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|
741 Examples: > |
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742 4,/this line/ |
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743 < from line 4 till match with "this line" after the cursor line. > |
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744 5;/that line/ |
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745 < from line 5 till match with "that line" after line 5. |
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746 |
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|
747 The default line specifier for most commands is the cursor position, but the |
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748 commands ":write" and ":global" have the whole file (1,$) as default. |
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|
749 |
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750 If more line specifiers are given than required for the command, the first |
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|
751 one(s) will be ignored. |
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752 |
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753 Line numbers may be specified with: *:range* *{address}* |
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754 {number} an absolute line number *E1247* |
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|
755 . the current line *:.* |
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756 $ the last line in the file *:$* |
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|
757 % equal to 1,$ (the entire file) *:%* |
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|
758 't position of mark t (lowercase) *:'* |
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|
759 'T position of mark T (uppercase); when the mark is in |
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|
760 another file it cannot be used in a range |
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761 /{pattern}[/] the next line where {pattern} matches *:/* |
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762 also see |:range-pattern| below |
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763 ?{pattern}[?] the previous line where {pattern} matches *:?* |
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764 also see |:range-pattern| below |
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765 \/ the next line where the previously used search |
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|
766 pattern matches |
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|
767 \? the previous line where the previously used search |
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|
768 pattern matches |
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|
769 \& the next line where the previously used substitute |
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|
770 pattern matches |
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|
771 |
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|
772 *:range-offset* |
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773 Each may be followed (several times) by '+' or '-' and an optional number. |
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774 This number is added or subtracted from the preceding line number. If the |
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775 number is omitted, 1 is used. If there is nothing before the '+' or '-' then |
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776 the current line is used. |
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|
777 *:range-closed-fold* |
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778 When a line number after the comma is in a closed fold it is adjusted to the |
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779 last line of the fold, thus the whole fold is included. |
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780 |
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781 When a number is added this is done after the adjustment to the last line of |
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782 the fold. This means these lines are additionally included in the range. For |
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|
783 example: > |
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784 :3,4+2print |
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|
785 On this text: |
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|
786 1 one ~ |
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787 2 two ~ |
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788 3 three ~ |
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789 4 four FOLDED ~ |
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790 5 five FOLDED ~ |
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791 6 six ~ |
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792 7 seven ~ |
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793 8 eight ~ |
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794 Where lines four and five are a closed fold, ends up printing lines 3 to 7. |
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|
795 The 7 comes from the "4" in the range, which is adjusted to the end of the |
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796 closed fold, which is 5, and then the offset 2 is added. |
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797 |
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798 An example for subtracting (which isn't very useful): > |
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799 :2,4-1print |
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800 On this text: |
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801 1 one ~ |
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802 2 two ~ |
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803 3 three FOLDED ~ |
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804 4 four FOLDED ~ |
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805 5 five FOLDED ~ |
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806 6 six FOLDED ~ |
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807 7 seven ~ |
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808 8 eight ~ |
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809 Where lines three to six are a closed fold, ends up printing lines 2 to 6. |
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810 The 6 comes from the "4" in the range, which is adjusted to the end of the |
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811 closed fold, which is 6, and then 1 is subtracted, then this is still in the |
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812 closed fold and the last line of that fold is used, which is 6. |
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813 |
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814 *:range-pattern* |
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815 The "/" and "?" after {pattern} are required to separate the pattern from |
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816 anything that follows. |
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817 |
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818 The "/" and "?" may be preceded with another address. The search starts from |
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819 there. The difference from using ';' is that the cursor isn't moved. |
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820 Examples: > |
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821 /pat1//pat2/ Find line containing "pat2" after line containing |
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822 "pat1", without moving the cursor. |
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823 7;/pat2/ Find line containing "pat2", after line 7, leaving |
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824 the cursor in line 7. |
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825 |
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826 The {number} must be between 0 and the number of lines in the file. When |
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827 using a 0 (zero) this is interpreted as a 1 by most commands. Commands that |
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828 use it as a count do use it as a zero (|:tag|, |:pop|, etc). Some commands |
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829 interpret the zero as "before the first line" (|:read|, search pattern, etc). |
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830 |
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831 Examples: > |
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832 .+3 three lines below the cursor |
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833 /that/+1 the line below the next line containing "that" |
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834 .,$ from current line until end of file |
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835 0;/that the first line containing "that", also matches in the |
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836 first line. |
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837 1;/that the first line after line 1 containing "that" |
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838 |
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839 Some commands allow for a count after the command. This count is used as the |
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840 number of lines to be used, starting with the line given in the last line |
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841 specifier (the default is the cursor line). The commands that accept a count |
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842 are the ones that use a range but do not have a file name argument (because |
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843 a file name can also be a number). The count cannot be negative. |
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844 |
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845 Examples: > |
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846 :s/x/X/g 5 substitute 'x' by 'X' in the current line and four |
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847 following lines |
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848 :23d 4 delete lines 23, 24, 25 and 26 |
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849 |
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850 |
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851 Folds and Range |
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852 |
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853 When folds are active the line numbers are rounded off to include the whole |
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854 closed fold. See |fold-behavior|. |
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855 |
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856 |
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857 Reverse Range *E493* |
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858 |
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859 A range should have the lower line number first. If this is not the case, Vim |
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860 will ask you if it should swap the line numbers. |
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861 Backwards range given, OK to swap ~ |
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862 This is not done within the global command ":g". |
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863 |
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864 You can use ":silent" before a command to avoid the question, the range will |
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865 always be swapped then. |
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866 |
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867 |
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868 Count and Range *N:* |
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869 |
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870 When giving a count before entering ":", this is translated into: > |
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871 :.,.+(count - 1) |
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872 In words: The "count" lines at and after the cursor. Example: To delete |
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873 three lines: > |
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874 3:d<CR> is translated into: .,.+2d<CR> |
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875 < |
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876 |
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877 Visual Mode and Range |
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878 *v_:* |
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879 {Visual}: Starts a command-line with the Visual selected lines as a |
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880 range. The code `:'<,'>` is used for this range, which makes |
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881 it possible to select a similar line from the command-line |
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882 history for repeating a command on different Visually selected |
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883 lines. |
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884 |
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885 :* *:star* *:star-visual-range* |
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886 When Visual mode was already ended, a short way to use the |
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887 Visual area for a range is `:*`. This requires that "*" does |
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888 not appear in 'cpo', see |cpo-star|. Otherwise you will have |
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889 to type `:'<,'>` |
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890 For when "*" is in 'cpo' see |:star-compatible|. |
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891 |
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892 ============================================================================== |
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893 5. Ex command-line flags *ex-flags* |
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894 |
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895 These flags are supported by a selection of Ex commands. They print the line |
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896 that the cursor ends up after executing the command: |
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897 |
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898 l output like for |:list| |
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899 # add line number |
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900 p output like for |:print| |
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901 |
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902 The flags can be combined, thus "l#" uses both a line number and |:list| style |
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903 output. |
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904 |
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905 ============================================================================== |
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906 6. Ex special characters *cmdline-special* |
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907 |
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908 Note: These are special characters in the executed command line. If you want |
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909 to insert special things while typing you can use the CTRL-R command. For |
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910 example, "%" stands for the current file name, while CTRL-R % inserts the |
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911 current file name right away. See |c_CTRL-R|. |
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912 |
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913 Note: If you want to avoid the effects of special characters in a Vim script |
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914 you may want to use |fnameescape()|. Also see |`=|. |
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915 |
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916 |
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917 In Ex commands, at places where a file name can be used, the following |
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918 characters have a special meaning. These can also be used in the expression |
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919 function |expand()|. |
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920 % Is replaced with the current file name. *:_%* *c_%* |
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921 # Is replaced with the alternate file name. *:_#* *c_#* |
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922 This is remembered for every window. |
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923 #n (where n is a number) is replaced with *:_#0* *:_#n* |
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924 the file name of buffer n. "#0" is the same as "#". *c_#n* |
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925 ## Is replaced with all names in the argument list *:_##* *c_##* |
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926 concatenated, separated by spaces. Each space in a name |
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927 is preceded with a backslash. |
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928 #<n (where n is a number > 0) is replaced with old *:_#<* *c_#<* |
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929 file name n. See |:oldfiles| or |v:oldfiles| to get the |
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930 number. *E809* |
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931 {only when compiled with the |+eval| and |+viminfo| features} |
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932 In |Vim9-script| # is used to start a comment, use %% for the alternate file |
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933 name: |
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|
934 % Is replaced with the current file name. |
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935 %% Is replaced with the alternate file name. *:_%%* *c_%%* |
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936 %%n (where n is a number) is replaced with *:_%%0* *:_%%n* |
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937 the file name of buffer n. "%%0" is the same as "%%". *c_%%n* |
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938 %%% Is replaced with all names in the argument *:_%%%* *c_%%%#* |
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939 list concatenated, separated by spaces. |
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940 %%<n (where n is a number > 0) is replaced with old *:_%%<* *c_%%<* |
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941 file name n. |
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942 |
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943 Note that these, except "#<n", give the file name as it was typed. If an |
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944 absolute path is needed (when using the file name from a different directory), |
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945 you need to add ":p". See |filename-modifiers|. |
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946 |
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947 The "#<n" item returns an absolute path, but it will start with "~/" for files |
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948 below your home directory. |
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949 |
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950 Note that backslashes are inserted before spaces, so that the command will |
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951 correctly interpret the file name. But this doesn't happen for shell |
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952 commands. For those you probably have to use quotes (this fails for files |
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953 that contain a quote and wildcards): > |
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954 :!ls "%" |
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955 :r !spell "%" |
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956 |
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957 To avoid the special meaning of '%' and '#' insert a backslash before it. |
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958 Detail: The special meaning is always escaped when there is a backslash before |
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959 it, no matter how many backslashes. |
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960 you type: result ~ |
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961 # alternate.file |
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962 \# # |
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963 \\# \# |
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964 Also see |`=|. |
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965 |
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966 *E499* *E500* |
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967 Note: these are typed literally, they are not special keys! |
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968 *:<cword>* *<cword>* |
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969 <cword> is replaced with the word under the cursor (like |star|) |
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970 *:<cWORD>* *<cWORD>* |
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971 <cWORD> is replaced with the WORD under the cursor (see |WORD|) |
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972 *:<cexpr>* *<cexpr>* |
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973 <cexpr> is replaced with the word under the cursor, including more |
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974 to form a C expression. E.g., when the cursor is on "arg" |
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975 of "ptr->arg" then the result is "ptr->arg"; when the |
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976 cursor is on "]" of "list[idx]" then the result is |
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977 "list[idx]". This is used for |v:beval_text|. |
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978 *:<cfile>* *<cfile>* |
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979 <cfile> is replaced with the path name under the cursor (like what |
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980 |gf| uses) |
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981 *:<afile>* *<afile>* |
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982 <afile> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the file name |
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983 of the buffer being manipulated, or the file for a read or |
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984 write. *E495* |
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985 *:<abuf>* *<abuf>* |
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986 <abuf> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the currently |
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987 effective buffer number. It is not set for all events, |
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988 also see |bufnr()|. For ":r file" and ":so file" it is the |
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989 current buffer, the file being read/sourced is not in a |
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990 buffer. *E496* |
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991 *:<amatch>* *<amatch>* |
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992 <amatch> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the match for |
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993 which this autocommand was executed. *E497* |
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994 It differs from <afile> when the file name isn't used to |
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995 match with (for FileType, Syntax and SpellFileMissing |
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996 events). |
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997 When the match is with a file name, it is expanded to the |
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998 full path. |
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999 *:<sfile>* *<sfile>* |
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1000 <sfile> When executing a `:source` command, is replaced with the |
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1001 file name of the sourced file. *E498* |
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1002 When executing a legacy function, is replaced with the call |
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1003 stack, as with <stack> (this is for backwards |
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1004 compatibility, using <stack> or <script> is preferred). |
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1005 In Vim9 script using <sfile> in a function gives error |
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1006 *E1245* . |
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1007 Note that filename-modifiers are useless when <sfile> is |
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1008 not used inside a script. |
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1009 *:<stack>* *<stack>* |
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1010 <stack> is replaced with the call stack, using |
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1011 "function {function-name}[{lnum}]" for a function line |
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1012 and "script {file-name}[{lnum}]" for a script line, and |
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1013 ".." in between items. E.g.: |
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1014 "function {function-name1}[{lnum}]..{function-name2}[{lnum}]" |
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1015 If there is no call stack you get error *E489* . |
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1016 *:<script>* *<script>* |
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1017 <script> When executing a `:source` command, is replaced with the file |
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1018 name of the sourced file. When executing a function, is |
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1019 replaced with the file name of the script where it is |
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1020 defined. |
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1021 If the file name cannot be determined you get error *E1274* . |
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1022 *:<slnum>* *<slnum>* |
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1023 <slnum> When executing a `:source` command, is replaced with the |
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1024 line number. *E842* |
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1025 When executing a function it's the line number relative to |
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1026 the start of the function. |
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1027 *:<sflnum>* *<sflnum>* |
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1028 <sflnum> When executing a script, is replaced with the line number. |
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1029 It differs from <slnum> in that <sflnum> is replaced with |
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1030 the script line number in any situation. *E961* |
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1031 *:<client>* *<client>* |
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1032 <client> is replaced with the {clinetid} of the last received |
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1033 message in |server2client()| |
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1034 |
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1035 *filename-modifiers* |
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1036 *:_%:* *::8* *::p* *::.* *::~* *::h* *::t* *::r* *::e* *::s* *::gs* *::S* |
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1037 *%:8* *%:p* *%:.* *%:~* *%:h* *%:t* *%:r* *%:e* *%:s* *%:gs* *%:S* |
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1038 The file name modifiers can be used after "%", "#", "#n", "<cfile>", "<sfile>", |
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1039 "<afile>" or "<abuf>". They are also used with the |fnamemodify()| function. |
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1040 |
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1041 These modifiers can be given, in this order: |
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1042 :p Make file name a full path. Must be the first modifier. Also |
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1043 changes "~/" (and "~user/" for Unix and VMS) to the path for |
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1044 the home directory. If the name is a directory a path |
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1045 separator is added at the end. For a file name that does not |
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1046 exist and does not have an absolute path the result is |
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1047 unpredictable. On MS-Windows an 8.3 filename is expanded to |
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1048 the long name. |
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1049 :8 Converts the path to 8.3 short format (currently only on |
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1050 MS-Windows). Will act on as much of a path that is an |
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1051 existing path. |
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1052 :~ Reduce file name to be relative to the home directory, if |
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1053 possible. File name is unmodified if it is not below the home |
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1054 directory. |
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1055 :. Reduce file name to be relative to current directory, if |
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1056 possible. File name is unmodified if it is not below the |
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1057 current directory. |
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1058 For maximum shortness, use ":~:.". |
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1059 :h Head of the file name (the last component and any separators |
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1060 removed). Cannot be used with :e, :r or :t. |
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1061 Can be repeated to remove several components at the end. |
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1062 When the file name ends in a path separator, only the path |
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1063 separator is removed. Thus ":p:h" on a directory name results |
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1064 on the directory name itself (without trailing slash). |
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1065 When the file name is an absolute path (starts with "/" for |
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1066 Unix; "x:\" for Win32; "drive:" for Amiga), that part is not |
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1067 removed. When there is no head (path is relative to current |
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1068 directory) the result is empty. |
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1069 :t Tail of the file name (last component of the name). Must |
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|
1070 precede any :r or :e. |
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1071 :r Root of the file name (the last extension removed). When |
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1072 there is only an extension (file name that starts with '.', |
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1073 e.g., ".vimrc"), it is not removed. Can be repeated to remove |
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1074 several extensions (last one first). |
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1075 :e Extension of the file name. Only makes sense when used alone. |
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1076 When there is no extension the result is empty. |
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1077 When there is only an extension (file name that starts with |
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1078 '.'), the result is empty. Can be repeated to include more |
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1079 extensions. If there are not enough extensions (but at least |
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1080 one) as much as possible are included. |
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1081 :s?pat?sub? |
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1082 Substitute the first occurrence of "pat" with "sub". This |
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1083 works like the |:s| command. "pat" is a regular expression. |
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1084 Any character can be used for '?', but it must not occur in |
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1085 "pat" or "sub". |
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1086 After this, the previous modifiers can be used again. For |
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1087 example ":p", to make a full path after the substitution. |
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1088 :gs?pat?sub? |
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1089 Substitute all occurrences of "pat" with "sub". Otherwise |
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1090 this works like ":s". |
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1091 :S Escape special characters for use with a shell command (see |
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1092 |shellescape()|). Must be the last one. Examples: > |
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1093 :!dir <cfile>:S |
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1094 :call system('chmod +w -- ' . expand('%:S')) |
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1095 |
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1096 Examples, when the file name is "src/version.c", current dir |
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1097 "/home/mool/vim": > |
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1098 :p /home/mool/vim/src/version.c |
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1099 :p:. src/version.c |
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1100 :p:~ ~/vim/src/version.c |
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1101 :h src |
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1102 :p:h /home/mool/vim/src |
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1103 :p:h:h /home/mool/vim |
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1104 :t version.c |
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1105 :p:t version.c |
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1106 :r src/version |
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1107 :p:r /home/mool/vim/src/version |
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1108 :t:r version |
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1109 :e c |
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1110 :s?version?main? src/main.c |
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1111 :s?version?main?:p /home/mool/vim/src/main.c |
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1112 :p:gs?/?\\? \home\mool\vim\src\version.c |
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1113 |
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1114 Examples, when the file name is "src/version.c.gz": > |
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1115 :p /home/mool/vim/src/version.c.gz |
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1116 :e gz |
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1117 :e:e c.gz |
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1118 :e:e:e c.gz |
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1119 :e:e:r c |
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1120 :r src/version.c |
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1121 :r:e c |
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1122 :r:r src/version |
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1123 :r:r:r src/version |
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1124 < |
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1125 *extension-removal* *:_%<* |
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1126 If a "<" is appended to "%", "#", "#n" or "CTRL-V p" the extension of the file |
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1127 name is removed (everything after and including the last '.' in the file |
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1128 name). This is included for backwards compatibility with version 3.0, the |
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1129 ":r" form is preferred. Examples: > |
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1130 |
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1131 % current file name |
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1132 %< current file name without extension |
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1133 # alternate file name for current window |
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1134 #< idem, without extension |
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1135 #31 alternate file number 31 |
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1136 #31< idem, without extension |
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1137 <cword> word under the cursor |
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1138 <cWORD> WORD under the cursor (see |WORD|) |
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1139 <cfile> path name under the cursor |
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1140 <cfile>< idem, without extension |
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1141 |
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1142 Note: Where a file name is expected wildcards expansion is done. On Unix the |
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1143 shell is used for this, unless it can be done internally (for speed). |
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1144 Unless in |restricted-mode|, backticks work also, like in > |
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1145 :n `echo *.c` |
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1146 But expansion is only done if there are any wildcards before expanding the |
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1147 '%', '#', etc.. This avoids expanding wildcards inside a file name. If you |
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1148 want to expand the result of <cfile>, add a wildcard character to it. |
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1149 Examples: (alternate file name is "?readme?") |
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1150 command expands to ~ |
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1151 :e # :e ?readme? |
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1152 :e `ls #` :e {files matching "?readme?"} |
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1153 :e #.* :e {files matching "?readme?.*"} |
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1154 :cd <cfile> :cd {file name under cursor} |
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1155 :cd <cfile>* :cd {file name under cursor plus "*" and then expanded} |
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1156 Also see |`=|. |
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1157 |
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1158 When the expanded argument contains a "!" and it is used for a shell command |
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1159 (":!cmd", ":r !cmd" or ":w !cmd"), the "!" is escaped with a backslash to |
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1160 avoid it being expanded into a previously used command. When the 'shell' |
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1161 option contains "sh", this is done twice, to avoid the shell trying to expand |
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1162 the "!". |
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1163 |
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1164 *filename-backslash* |
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1165 For filesystems that use a backslash as directory separator (MS-Windows), it's |
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1166 a bit difficult to recognize a backslash that is used to escape the special |
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1167 meaning of the next character. The general rule is: If the backslash is |
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1168 followed by a normal file name character, it does not have a special meaning. |
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1169 Therefore "\file\foo" is a valid file name, you don't have to type the |
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1170 backslash twice. |
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1171 |
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1172 An exception is the '$' sign. It is a valid character in a file name. But |
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1173 to avoid a file name like "$home" to be interpreted as an environment variable, |
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1174 it needs to be preceded by a backslash. Therefore you need to use "/\$home" |
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1175 for the file "$home" in the root directory. A few examples: |
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1176 |
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1177 FILE NAME INTERPRETED AS ~ |
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1178 $home expanded to value of environment var $home |
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1179 \$home file "$home" in current directory |
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1180 /\$home file "$home" in root directory |
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1181 \\$home file "\\", followed by expanded $home |
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1182 |
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1183 Also see |`=|. |
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1184 |
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1185 ============================================================================== |
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1186 7. Command-line window *cmdline-window* *cmdwin* |
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1187 *command-line-window* |
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1188 In the command-line window the command line can be edited just like editing |
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1189 text in any window. It is a special kind of window, because you cannot leave |
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1190 it in a normal way. |
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1191 |
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1192 |
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1193 OPEN *c_CTRL-F* *q:* *q/* *q?* |
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1194 |
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1195 There are two ways to open the command-line window: |
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1196 1. From Command-line mode, use the key specified with the 'cedit' option. |
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1197 The default is CTRL-F when 'compatible' is not set. |
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1198 2. From Normal mode, use the "q:", "q/" or "q?" command. |
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1199 This starts editing an Ex command-line ("q:") or search string ("q/" or |
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1200 "q?"). Note that this is not possible while recording is in progress (the |
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1201 "q" stops recording then). |
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1202 |
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1203 When the window opens it is filled with the command-line history. The last |
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1204 line contains the command as typed so far. The left column will show a |
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1205 character that indicates the type of command-line being edited, see |
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1206 |cmdwin-char|. |
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1207 |
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1208 Vim will be in Normal mode when the editor is opened, except when 'insertmode' |
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1209 is set. |
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1210 *E1292* |
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1211 Once a command-line window is open it is not possible to open another one. |
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1212 |
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1213 The height of the window is specified with 'cmdwinheight' (or smaller if there |
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1214 is no room). The window is always full width and is positioned just above the |
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1215 command-line. |
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1216 |
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1217 |
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1218 EDIT |
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1219 |
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1220 You can now use commands to move around and edit the text in the window. Both |
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1221 in Normal mode and Insert mode. |
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1222 |
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1223 It is possible to use ":", "/" and other commands that use the command-line, |
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1224 but it's not possible to open another command-line window then. There is no |
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1225 nesting. |
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1226 *E11* *E1188* |
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1227 The command-line window is not a normal window. It is not possible to move to |
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1228 another window or edit another buffer. All commands that would do this are |
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1229 disabled in the command-line window. Of course it _is_ possible to execute |
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1230 any command that you entered in the command-line window. Other text edits are |
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1231 discarded when closing the window. |
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1232 |
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1233 |
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1234 CLOSE *E199* |
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1235 |
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1236 There are several ways to leave the command-line window: |
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1237 |
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1238 <CR> Execute the command-line under the cursor. Works both in |
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1239 Insert and in Normal mode. |
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1240 CTRL-C Continue in Command-line mode. The command-line under the |
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1241 cursor is used as the command-line. Works both in Insert and |
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1242 in Normal mode. There is no redraw, thus the window will |
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1243 remain visible. |
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1244 :quit Discard the command line and go back to Normal mode. |
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1245 ":close", CTRL-W c, ":exit", ":xit" and CTRL-\ CTRL-N also |
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1246 work. |
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1247 :qall Quit Vim, unless there are changes in some buffer. |
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1248 :qall! Quit Vim, discarding changes to any buffer. |
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1249 |
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1250 Once the command-line window is closed the old window sizes are restored. The |
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1251 executed command applies to the window and buffer where the command-line was |
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1252 started from. This works as if the command-line window was not there, except |
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1253 that there will be an extra screen redraw. |
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1254 The buffer used for the command-line window is deleted. Any changes to lines |
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1255 other than the one that is executed with <CR> are lost. |
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1256 |
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1257 If you would like to execute the command under the cursor and then have the |
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1258 command-line window open again, you may find this mapping useful: > |
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1259 |
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1260 :autocmd CmdwinEnter * map <buffer> <F5> <CR>q: |
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1261 |
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1262 |
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1263 VARIOUS |
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1264 |
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1265 The command-line window cannot be used: |
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1266 - when there already is a command-line window (no nesting) |
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1267 - for entering an encryption key or when using inputsecret() |
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1268 |
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1269 Some options are set when the command-line window is opened: |
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1270 'filetype' "vim", when editing an Ex command-line; this starts Vim syntax |
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1271 highlighting if it was enabled |
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1272 'rightleft' off |
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1273 'modifiable' on |
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1274 'buftype' "nofile" |
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1275 'swapfile' off |
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1276 |
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1277 It is allowed to write the buffer contents to a file. This is an easy way to |
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1278 save the command-line history and read it back later. |
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1279 |
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1280 If the 'wildchar' option is set to <Tab>, and the command-line window is used |
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1281 for an Ex command, then two mappings will be added to use <Tab> for completion |
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1282 in the command-line window, like this: > |
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1283 :inoremap <buffer> <Tab> <C-X><C-V> |
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1284 :nnoremap <buffer> <Tab> a<C-X><C-V> |
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1285 Note that hitting <Tab> in Normal mode will do completion on the next |
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1286 character. That way it works at the end of the line. |
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1287 If you don't want these mappings, disable them with: > |
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1288 au CmdwinEnter [:>] iunmap <Tab> |
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1289 au CmdwinEnter [:>] nunmap <Tab> |
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1290 You could put these lines in your vimrc file. |
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1291 |
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1292 While in the command-line window you cannot use the mouse to put the cursor in |
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1293 another window, or drag statuslines of other windows. You can drag the |
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1294 statusline of the command-line window itself and the statusline above it. |
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1295 Thus you can resize the command-line window, but not others. |
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1296 |
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1297 The |getcmdwintype()| function returns the type of the command-line being |
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1298 edited as described in |cmdwin-char|. |
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1299 |
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1300 |
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1301 AUTOCOMMANDS |
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1302 |
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1303 Two autocommand events are used: |CmdwinEnter| and |CmdwinLeave|. You can use |
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1304 the Cmdwin events to do settings specifically for the command-line window. |
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1305 Be careful not to cause side effects! |
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1306 Example: > |
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1307 :au CmdwinEnter : let b:cpt_save = &cpt | set cpt=. |
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1308 :au CmdwinLeave : let &cpt = b:cpt_save |
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1309 This sets 'complete' to use completion in the current window for |i_CTRL-N|. |
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1310 Another example: > |
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1311 :au CmdwinEnter [/?] startinsert |
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1312 This will make Vim start in Insert mode in the command-line window. |
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1313 |
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1314 *cmdwin-char* |
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1315 The character used for the pattern indicates the type of command-line: |
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1316 : normal Ex command |
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1317 > debug mode command |debug-mode| |
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1318 / forward search string |
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1319 ? backward search string |
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1320 = expression for "= |expr-register| |
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1321 @ string for |input()| |
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1322 - text for |:insert| or |:append| |
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1323 |
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1324 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |