annotate runtime/tutor/tutor.es @ 32132:059e89bf9316 v9.0.1397

patch 9.0.1397: highlight for popupmenu kind and extra cannot be set Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/6a7c7749204b256e779c245b1e999bf852ad7b64 Author: Gianmaria Bajo <mg1979.git@gmail.com> Date: Fri Mar 10 16:35:53 2023 +0000 patch 9.0.1397: highlight for popupmenu kind and extra cannot be set Problem: Highlight for popupmenu kind and extra cannot be set. Solution: Add PmenuKind, PmenuKindSel, PmenuExtra and PmenuExtraSel highlight groups and use them. (Gianmaria Bajo, closes #12114)
author Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
date Fri, 10 Mar 2023 17:45:05 +0100
parents 3295247d97a5
children 993a2cf6d27c
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1 ===============================================================================
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2 = B i e n v e n i d o a l t u t o r d e V I M - Versión 1.7 =
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3 ===============================================================================
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4
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5 Vim es un editor muy potente que dispone de muchos comandos, demasiados
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6 para ser explicados en un tutor como éste. Este tutor está diseñado
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7 para describir suficientes comandos para que usted sea capaz de
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8 aprender fácilmente a usar Vim como un editor de propósito general.
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9
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10 El tiempo necesario para completar el tutor es aproximadamente de 30
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11 minutos, dependiendo de cuánto tiempo se dedique a la experimentación.
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12
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13 Los comandos de estas lecciones modificarán el texto. Haga una copia de
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14 este fichero para practicar (con «vimtutor» esto ya es una copia).
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15
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16 Es importante recordar que este tutor está pensado para enseñar con
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17 la práctica. Esto significa que es necesario ejecutar los comandos
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18 para aprenderlos adecuadamente. Si únicamente lee el texto, ¡se le
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19 olvidarán los comandos.
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20
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21 Ahora, asegúrese de que la tecla de bloqueo de mayúsculas NO está
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22 activada y pulse la tecla j lo suficiente para mover el cursor
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23 de forma que la Lección 1.1 ocupe completamente la pantalla.
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24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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25 Lección 1.1: MOVER EL CURSOR
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26
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27 ** Para mover el cursor, pulse las teclas h,j,k,l de la forma indicada. **
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28 ^
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29 k Indicación: La tecla h está a la izquierda y lo mueve a la izquierda.
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30 < h l > La tecla l está a la derecha y lo mueve a la derecha.
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31 j La tecla j parece una flecha que apunta hacia abajo.
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32 v
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33
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34 1. Mueva el cursor por la pantalla hasta que se sienta cómodo con ello.
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35
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36 2. Mantenga pulsada la tecla (j) hasta que se repita «automágicamente».
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37 Ahora ya sabe como llegar a la lección siguiente.
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38
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39 3. Utilizando la tecla abajo, vaya a la lección 1.2.
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40
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41 NOTA: Si alguna vez no está seguro sobre algo que ha tecleado, pulse <ESC>
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42 para situarse en modo Normal. Luego vuelva a teclear la orden que deseaba.
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43
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44 NOTA: Las teclas de movimiento del cursor también funcionan. Pero usando
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45 hjkl podrá moverse mucho más rápido una vez que se acostumbre a ello.
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46 ¡De verdad!
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47
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48 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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49 Lección 1.2: SALIR DE VIM
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50
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51 ¡¡ NOTA: Antes de ejecutar alguno de los siguientes pasos lea primero
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52 la lección entera!!
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53
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54 1. Pulse la tecla <ESC> (para asegurarse de que está en modo Normal).
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55
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56 2. Escriba: :q! <INTRO>
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57 Esto provoca la salida del editor DESCARTANDO cualquier cambio que haya hecho.
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58
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59 3. Regrese aquí ejecutando el comando que le trajo a este tutor.
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60 Éste puede haber sido: vimtutor <INTRO>
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61
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62 4. Si ha memorizado estos pasos y se siente con confianza, ejecute los
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63 pasos 1 a 3 para salir y volver a entrar al editor.
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64
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65 NOTA: :q! <INTRO> descarta cualquier cambio que haya realizado.
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66 En próximas lecciones aprenderá cómo guardar los cambios en un archivo.
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67
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68 5. Mueva el cursor hasta la Lección 1.3.
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69
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70
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71 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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72 Lección 1.3: EDITAR TEXTO - BORRAR
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73
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74 ** Pulse x para eliminar el carácter bajo el cursor. **
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76 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea de abajo señalada con --->.
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77
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78 2. Para corregir los errores, mueva el cursor hasta que esté sobre el
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79 carácter que va a ser borrado.
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80
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81 3. Pulse la tecla x para eliminar el carácter no deseado.
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82
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83 4. Repita los pasos 2 a 4 hasta que la frase sea la correcta.
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84
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85 ---> La vvaca saltóó soobree laa luuuuna.
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86
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87 5. Ahora que la línea esta correcta, continúe con la Lección 1.4.
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88
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89 NOTA: A medida que vaya avanzando en este tutor no intente memorizar,
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90 aprenda practicando.
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91
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92
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93 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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94 Lección 1.4: EDITAR TEXTO - INSERTAR
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95
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96 ** Pulse i para insertar texto. **
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98 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea de abajo señalada con --->.
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99
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100 2. Para hacer que la primera línea sea igual que la segunda, mueva el
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101 cursor hasta que esté sobre el carácter ANTES del cual el texto va a ser
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102 insertado.
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103
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104 3. Pulse i y escriba los caracteres a añadir.
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105
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106 4. A medida que sea corregido cada error pulse <ESC> para volver al modo
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107 Normal. Repita los pasos 2 a 4 para corregir la frase.
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108
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109 ---> Flta texto en esta .
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110 ---> Falta algo de texto en esta línea.
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111
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112 5. Cuando se sienta cómodo insertando texto pase vaya a la lección 1.5.
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113
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114
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115 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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116 Lección 1.5: EDITAR TEXTO - AÑADIR
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117
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118
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119 ** Pulse A para añadir texto. **
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120
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121 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior marcada con --->.
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122 No importa sobre qué carácter está el cursor en esta línea.
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123
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124 2. Pulse A y escriba el texto necesario.
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125
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126 3. Cuando el texto haya sido añadido pulse <ESC> para volver al modo Normal.
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127
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128 4. Mueva el cursor a la segunda línea marcada con ---> y repita los
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129 pasos 2 y 3 para corregir esta frase.
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130
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131 ---> Falta algún texto en es
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132 Falta algún texto en esta línea.
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133 ---> También falta alg
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134 También falta algún texto aquí.
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135
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136 5. Cuando se sienta cómodo añadiendo texto pase a la lección 1.6.
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137
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138 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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139 Lección 1.6: EDITAR UN ARCHIVO
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140
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141 ** Use :wq para guardar un archivo y salir **
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142
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143 !! NOTA: Antes de ejecutar los siguientes pasos, lea la lección entera!!
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144
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145 1. Si tiene acceso a otra terminal, haga lo siguiente en ella.
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146 Si no es así, salga de este tutor como hizo en la lección 1.2: :q!
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147
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148 2. En el símbolo del sistema escriba este comando: vim archivo.txt <INTRO>
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149 'vim' es el comando para arrancar el editor Vim, 'archivo.txt'
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150 es el nombre del archivo que quiere editar
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151 Utilice el nombre de un archivo que pueda cambiar.
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152
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153 3. Inserte y elimine texto como ya aprendió en las lecciones anteriores.
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154
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155 4. Guarde el archivo con los cambios y salga de Vim con: :wq <INTRO>
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156
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157 5. Si ha salido de vimtutor en el paso 1 reinicie vimtutor y baje hasta
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158 el siguiente sumario.
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159
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160 6. Después de leer los pasos anteriores y haberlos entendido: hágalos.
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161
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162 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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163 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 1
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164
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165
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166 1. El cursor se mueve utilizando las teclas de las flechas o las teclas hjkl.
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167 h (izquierda) j (abajo) k (arriba) l (derecha)
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168
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169 2. Para acceder a Vim desde el símbolo del sistema escriba:
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170 vim NOMBREARCHIVO <INTRO>
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171
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172 3. Para salir de Vim escriba: <ESC> :q! <INTRO> para eliminar todos
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173 los cambios.
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174 O escriba: <ESC> :wq <INTRO> para guardar los cambios.
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175
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176 4. Para borrar un carácter bajo el cursor en modo Normal pulse: x
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177
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178 5. Para insertar o añadir texto escriba:
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179 i escriba el texto a insertar <ESC> inserta el texto antes del cursor
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180 A escriba el texto a añadir <ESC> añade texto al final de la línea
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181
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182 NOTA: Pulsando <ESC> se vuelve al modo Normal o cancela una orden no deseada
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183 o incompleta.
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184
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185 Ahora continúe con la Lección 2.
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186
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187 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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188 Lección 2.1: COMANDOS PARA BORRAR
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189
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190
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191 ** Escriba dw para borrar una palabra **
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192
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193
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194 1. Pulse <ESC> para asegurarse de que está en el modo Normal.
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195
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196 2. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con --->.
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197
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198 3. Mueva el cursor al comienzo de una palabra que desee borrar.
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199
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200 4. Pulse dw para hacer que la palabra desaparezca.
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201
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202 NOTA: La letra d aparecerá en la última línea inferior derecha
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203 de la pantalla mientras la escribe. Vim está esperando que escriba w .
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204 Si ve otro carácter que no sea d escribió algo mal, pulse <ESC> y
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205 comience de nuevo.
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206
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207 ---> Hay algunas palabras pásalo bien que no pertenecen papel a esta frase.
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208
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209 5. Repita los pasos 3 y 4 hasta que la frase sea correcta y pase a la
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210 lección 2.2.
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211
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212
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213 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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214 Lección 2.2: MÁS COMANDOS PARA BORRAR
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215
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216
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217 ** Escriba d$ para borrar hasta el final de la línea. **
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218
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219 1. Pulse <ESC> para asegurarse de que está en el modo Normal.
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220
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221 2. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con --->.
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222
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223 3. Mueva el cursor al final de la línea correcta (DESPUÉS del primer . ).
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224
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225 4. Escriba d$ para borrar hasta el final de la línea.
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226
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227 ---> Alguien ha escrito el final de esta línea dos veces. esta línea dos veces.
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228
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229 5. Pase a la lección 2.3 para entender qué está pasando.
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230
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231
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232
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233 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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234 Lección 2.3: SOBRE OPERADORES Y MOVIMIENTOS
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235
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236
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237 Muchos comandos que cambian texto están compuestos por un operador y un
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238 movimiento.
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239 El formato para eliminar un comando con el operador de borrado d es el
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240 siguiente:
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241
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242 d movimiento
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243
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244 Donde:
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245 d - es el operador para borrar.
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246 movimiento - es sobre lo que el comando va a operar (lista inferior).
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247
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248 Una lista resumida de movimientos:
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249 w - hasta el comienzo de la siguiente palabra, EXCLUYENDO su primer
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250 carácter.
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251 e - hasta el final de la palabra actual, INCLUYENDO el último carácter.
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252 $ - hasta el final de la línea, INCLUYENDO el último carácter.
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253
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254 Por tanto, al escribir de borrará desde la posición del cursor, hasta
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255 el final de la palabra.
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256
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257 NOTA: Pulsando únicamente el movimiento estando en el modo Normal sin un
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258 operador, moverá el cursor como se especifica en la lista anterior.
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259
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260 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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261 Lección 2.4: UTILIZAR UN CONTADOR PARA UN MOVIMIENTO
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262
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263
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264 ** Al escribir un número antes de un movimiento, lo repite esas veces. **
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265
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266 1. Mueva el cursor al comienzo de la línea marcada con --->.
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267
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268 2. Escriba 2w para mover el cursor dos palabras hacia adelante.
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269
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270 3. Escriba 3e para mover el cursor al final de la tercera palabra hacia
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271 adelante.
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272
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273 4. Escriba 0 (cero) para colocar el cursor al inicio de la línea.
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274
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275 5. Repita el paso 2 y 3 con diferentes números.
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276
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277 ---> Esto es solo una línea con palabras donde poder moverse.
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278
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279 6. Pase a la lección 2.5.
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280
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281
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282
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283
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284 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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285 Lección 2.5: UTILIZAR UN CONTADOR PARA BORRAR MAS
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286
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287
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288 ** Al escribir un número con un operador lo repite esas veces. **
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289
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290 En combinación con el operador de borrado y el movimiento mencionado
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291 anteriormente, añada un contador antes del movimiento para eliminar más:
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292 d número movimiento
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293
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294 1. Mueva el cursor al inicio de la primera palabra en MAYÚSCULAS en la
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295 línea marcada con --->.
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296
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297 2. Escriba d2w para eliminar las dos palabras en MAYÚSCULAS.
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298
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299 3. Repita los pasos 1 y 2 con diferentes contadores para eliminar
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300 las siguientes palabras en MAYÚSCULAS con un comando.
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301
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302 ---> Esta ABC DE serie FGHI JK LMN OP de palabras ha sido Q RS TUV limpiada.
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303
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304
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305
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306
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307
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308 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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309 Lección 2.6: OPERACIÓN EN LÍNEAS
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310
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311
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312 ** Escriba dd para eliminar una línea completa. **
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313
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314 Debido a la frecuencia con que se elimina una línea completa, los
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315 diseñadores de Vi, decidieron que sería más sencillo simplemente escribir
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316 dos letras d para eliminar una línea.
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317
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318 1. Mueva el cursor a la segunda línea del párrafo inferior.
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319 2. Escriba dd para eliminar la línea.
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320 3. Ahora muévase a la cuarta línea.
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321 4. Escriba 2dd para eliminar dos líneas a la vez.
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322
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323 ---> 1) Las rosas son rojas,
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324 ---> 2) El barro es divertido,
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325 ---> 3) La violeta es azul,
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326 ---> 4) Tengo un coche,
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327 ---> 5) Los relojes dan la hora,
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328 ---> 6) El azúcar es dulce
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329 ---> 7) Y también lo eres tú.
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330
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331 La duplicación para borrar líneas también funcionan con los operadores
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332 mencionados anteriormente.
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333
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334 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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335 Lección 2.7: EL MANDATO DESHACER
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336
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337
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338 ** Pulse u para deshacer los últimos comandos,
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339 U para deshacer una línea entera. **
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340
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341 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con ---> y sitúelo bajo el
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342 primer error.
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343 2. Pulse x para borrar el primer carácter no deseado.
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344 3. Pulse ahora u para deshacer el último comando ejecutado.
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345 4. Ahora corrija todos los errores de la línea usando el comando x.
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346 5. Pulse ahora U mayúscula para devolver la línea a su estado original.
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347 6. Pulse ahora u unas pocas veces para deshacer lo hecho por U y los
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348 comandos previos.
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349 7. Ahora pulse CTRL-R (mantenga pulsada la tecla CTRL y pulse R) unas
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350 cuantas veces para volver a ejecutar los comandos (deshacer lo deshecho).
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351
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352 ---> Corrrija los errores dee esttta línea y vuuelva a ponerlos coon deshacer.
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353
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354 8. Estos son unos comandos muy útiles. Ahora vayamos al resumen de la
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355 lección 2.
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356
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357
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358
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359
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360 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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361 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 2
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362
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363 1. Para borrar desde el cursor hasta siguiente palabra pulse: dw
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364 2. Para borrar desde el cursor hasta el final de la palabra pulse: de
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365 3. Para borrar desde el cursor hasta el final de una línea pulse: d$
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366 4. Para borrar una línea entera pulse: dd
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367
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368 5. Para repetir un movimiento anteponga un número: 2w
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369 6. El formato para un comando de cambio es:
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370 operador [número] movimiento
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371 donde:
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372 comando - es lo que hay que hacer, por ejemplo, d para borrar
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373 [número] - es un número opcional para repetir el movimiento
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374 movimiento - se mueve sobre el texto sobre el que operar, como
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375 w (palabra), $ (hasta el final de la línea), etc.
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376 7. Para moverse al inicio de la línea utilice un cero: 0
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377
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378 8. Para deshacer acciones previas pulse: u (u minúscula)
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379 Para deshacer todos los cambios de una línea pulse: U (U mayúscula)
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380 Para deshacer lo deshecho pulse: CTRL-R
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381
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382
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383 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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384 Lección 3.1: EL COMANDO «PUT» (poner)
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385
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386 ** Pulse p para poner (pegar) después del cursor lo último que ha borrado. **
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387
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388 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior marcada con --->.
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389
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390 2. Escriba dd para borrar la línea y almacenarla en un registro de Vim.
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391
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392 3. Mueva el cursor a la línea c) por ENCIMA de donde debería estar
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393 la línea eliminada.
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394
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395 4. Pulse p para pegar la línea borrada por debajo del cursor.
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396
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397 5. Repita los pasos 2 a 4 para poner todas las líneas en el orden correcto.
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398
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399 ---> d) ¿Puedes aprenderla tú?
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400 ---> b) La violeta es azul,
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401 ---> c) La inteligencia se aprende,
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402 ---> a) Las rosas son rojas,
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403
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404
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405 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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406 Lección 3.2: EL COMANDO REEMPLAZAR
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407
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408
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409 ** Pulse rx para reemplazar el carácter bajo el cursor con x . **
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410
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411 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior marcada con --->.
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412
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413 2. Mueva el cursor para situarlo sobre el primer error.
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414
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415 3. Pulse r y después el carácter que debería ir ahí.
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416
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417 4. Repita los pasos 2 y 3 hasta que la primera sea igual a la segunda.
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418
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419 ---> ¡Cuendo esta línea fue rscrita alguien pulso algunas teclas equibocadas!
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420 ---> ¡Cuando esta línea fue escrita alguien pulsó algunas teclas equivocadas!
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421
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422 5. Ahora pase a la lección 3.3.
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423
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424 NOTA: Recuerde que debería aprender practicando.
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425
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426
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427
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428 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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429 Lección 3.3: EL COMANDO CAMBIAR
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430
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431
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432 ** Para cambiar hasta el final de una palabra, escriba ce . **
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433
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434 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior marcada con --->.
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435
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436 2. Sitúe el cursor en la u de lubrs.
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437
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438 3. Escriba ce y corrija la palabra (en este caso, escriba 'ínea').
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439
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440 4. Pulse <ESC> y mueva el cursor al siguiente error que debe ser cambiado.
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441
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442 5. Repita los pasos 3 y 4 hasta que la primera frase sea igual a la segunda.
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443
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444 ---> Esta lubrs tiene unas pocas pskavtad que corregir usem el comando change.
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445 ---> Esta línea tiene unas pocas palabras que corregir usando el comando change.
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446
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447 Tenga en cuenta que ce elimina la palabra y entra en el modo Insertar.
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448 cc hace lo mismo para toda la línea.
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449
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450
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451 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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452 Lección 3.4: MÁS CAMBIOS USANDO c
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453
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454 ** El operador change se utiliza con los mismos movimientos que delete. **
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455
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456 1. El operador change funciona de la misma forma que delete. El formato es:
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457
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458 c [número] movimiento
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459
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460 2. Los movimientos son también los mismos, tales como w (palabra) o
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461 $ (fin de la línea).
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462
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463 3. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior señalada con --->.
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464
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465 4. Mueva el cursor al primer error.
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466
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467 5. Pulse c$ y escriba el resto de la línea para que sea como la segunda
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468 y pulse <ESC>.
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469
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470 ---> El final de esta línea necesita alguna ayuda para que sea como la segunda.
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471 ---> El final de esta línea necesita ser corregido usando el comando c$.
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472
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473 NOTA: Puede utilizar el retorno de carro para corregir errores mientras escribe.
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474
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475 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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476 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 3
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477
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478
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479 1. Para volver a poner o pegar el texto que acaba de ser borrado,
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480 escriba p . Esto pega el texto después del cursor (si se borró una
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481 línea, al pegarla, esta se situará en la línea debajo del cursor).
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parents:
diff changeset
482
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483 2. Para reemplazar el carácter bajo el cursor, pulse r y luego el
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
484 carácter que quiere que esté en ese lugar.
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parents:
diff changeset
485
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486 3. El operador change le permite cambiar desde la posición del cursor
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
487 hasta donde el movimiento indicado le lleve. Por ejemplo, pulse ce
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parents: 19163
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488 para cambiar desde el cursor hasta el final de la palabra, o c$
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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diff changeset
489 para cambiar hasta el final de la línea.
7
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490
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parents:
diff changeset
491 4. El formato para change es:
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parents:
diff changeset
492
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493 c [número] movimiento
7
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494
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diff changeset
495 Pase ahora a la lección siguiente.
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496
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parents:
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497
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498 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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499 Lección 4.1: UBICACIÓN DEL CURSOR Y ESTADO DEL ARCHIVO
7
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diff changeset
500
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501 ** Pulse CTRL-G para mostrar su situación en el fichero y su estado.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
502 Pulse G para moverse a una determinada línea del fichero. **
7
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503
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parents: 19163
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504 NOTA: ¡¡Lea esta lección entera antes de ejecutar cualquiera de los pasos!!
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
505
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
506 1. Mantenga pulsada la tecla Ctrl y pulse g . Le llamamos a esto CTRL-G.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
507 Aparecerá un mensaje en la parte inferior de la página con el nombre
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
508 del archivo y la posición en este. Recuerde el número de línea
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
509 para el paso 3.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
510
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511 NOTA: Quizás pueda ver la posición del cursor en la esquina inferior derecha
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
512 de la pantalla. Esto ocurre cuando la opción 'ruler' (regla) está
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
513 habilitada (consulte :help 'ruler' )
7
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parents:
diff changeset
514
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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diff changeset
515 2. Pulse G para mover el cursor hasta la parte inferior del archivo.
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
516 Pulse gg para mover el cursor al inicio del archivo.
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diff changeset
517
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
518 3. Escriba el número de la línea en la que estaba y después G . Esto
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
519 le volverá a la línea en la que estaba cuando pulsó CTRL-G.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
520
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
521 4. Si se siente seguro en poder hacer esto ejecute los pasos 1 a 3.
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522
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parents:
diff changeset
523 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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parents: 19163
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524 Lección 4.2: EL COMANDO «SEARCH» (buscar)
7
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vimboss
parents:
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525
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
526 ** Escriba / seguido de una frase para buscar la frase. **
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
527
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vimboss
parents:
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528 1. En modo Normal pulse el carácter / . Fíjese que tanto el carácter /
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
529 como el cursor aparecen en la última línea de la pantalla, lo mismo
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
530 que el comando : .
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
531
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
532 2. Escriba ahora errroor <INTRO>. Esta es la palabra que quiere buscar.
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
533
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parents: 19163
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534 3. Para repetir la búsqueda de la misma frase otra vez, simplemente pulse n .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
535 Para buscar la misma frase en la dirección opuesta, pulse N .
7
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parents:
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536
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
537 4. Si quiere buscar una frase en la dirección opuesta (hacia arriba),
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
538 utilice el comando ? en lugar de / .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
539
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
540 5. Para regresar al lugar de donde procedía pulse CTRL-O (Mantenga pulsado
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
541 Ctrl mientras pulsa la letra o). Repita el proceso para regresar más atrás.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
542 CTRL-I va hacia adelante.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
543
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
544 ---> "errroor" no es la forma correcta de escribir error, errroor es un error.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
545
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
546 NOTA: Cuando la búsqueda llega al final del archivo, continuará desde el
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
547 comienzo, a menos que la opción 'wrapscan' haya sido desactivada.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
548
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diff changeset
549 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
550 Lección 4.3: BÚSQUEDA PARA COMPROBAR PARÉNTESIS
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
551
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
552 ** Pulse % para encontrar el paréntesis correspondiente a ),] o } . **
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
553
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parents: 19163
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554 1. Sitúe el cursor en cualquiera de los caracteres (, [ o { en la línea
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
555 inferior señalada con --->.
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vimboss
parents:
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556
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diff changeset
557 2. Pulse ahora el carácter % .
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
558
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parents: 19163
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559 3. El cursor se moverá a la pareja de cierre del paréntesis, corchete
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
560 o llave correspondiente.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
561
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
562 4. Pulse % para mover el cursor a la otra pareja del carácter.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
563
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
564 5. Mueva el cursor a otro (,),[,],{ o } y vea lo que hace % .
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
565
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
566 ---> Esto ( es una línea de prueba con (, [, ], {, y } en ella. ))
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
567
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
568 NOTA: ¡Esto es muy útil en la detección de errores en un programa con
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
569 paréntesis, corchetes o llaves sin pareja.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
570
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
571
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
572
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
573 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
574 Lección 4.4: EL COMANDO SUSTITUIR
7
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parents:
diff changeset
575
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
576
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
577 ** Escriba :s/viejo/nuevo/g para sustituir 'viejo' por 'nuevo'. **
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
578
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parents: 19163
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579 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con --->.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
580
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
581 2. Escriba :s/laas/las/ <INTRO> . Tenga en cuenta que este mandato cambia
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
582 sólo la primera aparición en la línea de la expresión a cambiar.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
583
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
584 3. Ahora escriba :/laas/la/g . Al añadir la opción g esto significa
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
585 que hará la sustitución global en la línea, cambiando todas las
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
586 ocurrencias del término "laas" en la línea.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
587
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
588 ---> Laas mejores épocas para ver laas flores son laas primaveras.
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
589
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parents: 19163
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590 4. Para cambiar cada ocurrencia de la cadena de caracteres entre dos líneas,
30875
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
591 Escriba :#,#s/viejo/nuevo/g donde #,# son los números de línea del rango
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
592 de líneas donde se realizará la sustitución.
30875
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
593 Escriba :%s/old/new/g para cambiar cada ocurrencia en todo el
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
594 archivo.
30875
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
595 Escriba :%s/old/new/gc para encontrar cada ocurrencia en todo el
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
596 archivo, pidiendo confirmación para
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
597 realizar la sustitución o no.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
598
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
599 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
600 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 4
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
601
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
602
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
603 1. CTRL-G muestra la posición del cursor en el fichero y su estado.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
604 G mueve el cursor al final del archivo.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
605 número G mueve el cursor a ese número de línea.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
606 gg mueve el cursor a la primera línea del archivo.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
607
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
608 2. Escribiendo / seguido de una frase busca la frase hacia ADELANTE.
3295247d97a5 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
609 Escribiendo ? seguido de una frase busca la frase hacia ATRÁS.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
610 Después de una búsqueda pulse n para encontrar la aparición
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
611 siguiente en la misma dirección o N para buscar en dirección opuesta.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
612
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
613 3. Pulsando % cuando el cursor esta sobre (,), [,], { o } localiza
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
614 la pareja correspondiente.
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
615
30875
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parents: 28777
diff changeset
616 4. Para cambiar viejo en el primer nuevo en una línea escriba :s/viejo/nuevo
3295247d97a5 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
617 Para cambiar todos los viejo por nuevo en una línea escriba :s/viejo/nuevo/g
3295247d97a5 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
618 Para cambiar frases entre dos números de líneas escriba :#,#s/viejo/nuevo/g
3295247d97a5 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
619 Para cambiar viejo por nuevo en todo el fichero escriba :%s/viejo/nuevo/g
3295247d97a5 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
620 Para pedir confirmación en cada caso añada 'c' :%s/viejo/nuevo/gc
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
621
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
622
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
623 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
624 Lección 5.1: CÓMO EJECUTAR UN MANDATO EXTERNO
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
625
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
626
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
627 ** Escriba :! seguido de un comando externo para ejecutar ese comando. **
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
628
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
629 1. Escriba el conocido comando : para situar el cursor al final de la
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
630 pantalla. Esto le permitirá introducir un comando.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
631
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
632 2. Ahora escriba el carácter ! (signo de admiración). Esto le permitirá
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
633 ejecutar cualquier mandato del sistema.
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
634
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
635 3. Como ejemplo escriba ls después del ! y luego pulse <INTRO>. Esto
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
636 le mostrará una lista de su directorio, igual que si estuviera en el
30875
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
637 símbolo del sistema. Si ls no funciona utilice :!dir .
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
638
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
639 NOTA: De esta manera es posible ejecutar cualquier comando externo,
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
640 también incluyendo argumentos.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
641
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diff changeset
642 NOTA: Todos los comando : deben finalizarse pulsando <INTRO>.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
643 De ahora en adelante no siempre se mencionará.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
644
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
645
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
646 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
647 Lección 5.2: MÁS SOBRE GUARDAR FICHEROS
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
648
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
649
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
650 ** Para guardar los cambios hechos en un fichero,
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
651 escriba :w NOMBRE_DE_FICHERO **
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
652
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
653 1. Escriba :!dir o :!ls para ver una lista de los archivos
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
654 de su directorio.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
655 Ya sabe que debe pulsar <INTRO> después de ello.
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
656
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
657 2. Elija un nombre de fichero que todavía no exista, como TEST.
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
658
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
659 3. Ahora escriba :w TEST (donde TEST es el nombre de fichero elegido).
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
660
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
661 4. Esta acción guarda todo el fichero (Vim Tutor) bajo el nombre TEST.
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
662 Para comprobarlo escriba :!dir o :!ls de nuevo y vea su directorio.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
663
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b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
664 NOTA: Si saliera de Vim y volviera a entrar de nuevo con vim TEST , el
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
665 archivo sería una copia exacta del tutorial cuando lo guardó.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
666
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
667 5. Ahora elimine el archivo escribiendo (Windows): :!del TEST
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
668 o (Unix): :!rm TEST
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
669
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
670
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
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parents:
diff changeset
671 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
672 Lección 5.3: SELECCIONAR TEXTO PARA GUARDAR
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
673
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
674
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
675 ** Para guardar parte del archivo, escriba v movimiento :w ARCHIVO **
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
676
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
677 1. Mueva el cursor a esta línea.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
678
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
679 2. Pulse v y mueva el cursor hasta el quinto elemento inferior. Vea que
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
680 el texto es resaltado.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
681
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
682 3. Pulse el carácter : en la parte inferior de la pantalla aparecerá
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
683 :'<,'>
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
684
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
685 4. Pulse w TEST , donde TEST es un nombre de archivo que aún no existe.
30875
3295247d97a5 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
686 Verifique que ve :'<,'>w TEST antes de pulsar <INTRO>.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
687
28777
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
688 5. Vim escribirá las líneas seleccionadas en el archivo TEST. Utilice
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
689 :!dir o :!ls para verlo. ¡No lo elimine todavía! Lo utilizaremos
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
690 en la siguiente lección.
7
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
691
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
692 NOTA: Al pulsar v inicia la selección visual. Puede mover el cursor para
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
693 hacer la selección más grande o pequeña. Después puede utilizar un
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
694 operador para hacer algo con el texto. Por ejemplo, d eliminará
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
695 el texto seleccionado.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
696
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
697
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
698 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
699 Lección 5.4: RECUPERANDO Y MEZCLANDO FICHEROS
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
700
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
701
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
702 ** Para insertar el contenido de un fichero escriba :r NOMBRE_DEL_FICHERO **
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
703
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
704 1. Sitúe el cursor justo por encima de esta línea.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
705
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
706 NOTA: Después de ejecutar el paso 2 verá texto de la lección 5.3. Después
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
707 DESCIENDA hasta ver de nuevo esta lección.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
708
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
709 2. Ahora recupere el archivo TEST utilizando el comando :r TEST donde
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
710 TEST es el nombre que ha utilizado.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
711 El archivo que ha recuperado se colocará debajo de la línea donde
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
712 se encuentra el cursor.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
713
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
714 3. Para verificar que se ha recuperado el archivo, suba el cursor y
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
715 compruebe que ahora hay dos copias de la lección 5.3, la original y
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
716 la versión del archivo.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
717
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
718 NOTA: También puede leer la salida de un comando externo. Por ejemplo,
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
719 :r !ls lee la salida del comando ls y lo pega debajo de la línea
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
720 donde se encuentra el cursor.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
721
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
722
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
723 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
724 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 5
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
725
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
726
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
727 1. :!comando ejecuta un comando externo.
7
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
728
3fc0f57ecb91 updated for version 7.0001
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
729 Algunos ejemplos útiles son:
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
730 (Windows) (Unix)
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
731 :!dir :!ls - muestra el contenido de un directorio.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
732 :!del ARCHIVO :!rm ARCHIVO - borra el fichero ARCHIVO.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
733
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
734 2. :w ARCHIVO escribe el archivo actual de Vim en el disco con el
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
735 nombre de ARCHIVO.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
736
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
737 3. v movimiento :w ARCHIVO guarda las líneas seleccionadas visualmente
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
738 en el archivo ARCHIVO.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
739
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
740 4. :r ARCHIVO recupera del disco el archivo ARCHIVO y lo pega debajo
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
741 de la posición del cursor.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
742
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
743 5. :r !dir lee la salida del comando dir y lo pega debajo de la
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
744 posición del cursor.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
745
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
746
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
747 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
748 Lección 6.1: EL COMANDO OPEN
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
749
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
750
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
751 ** Pulse o para abrir una línea debajo del cursor
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
752 y situarle en modo Insertar **
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
753
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
754 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior señalada con --->.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
755
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
756 2. Pulse la letra minúscula o para abrir una línea por DEBAJO del cursor
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
757 y situarle en modo Insertar.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
758
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
759 3. Ahora escriba algún texto y después pulse <ESC> para salir del modo
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
760 insertar.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
761
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
762 ---> Después de pulsar o el cursor se sitúa en la línea abierta en modo Insertar.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
763
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
764 4. Para abrir una línea por ENCIMA del cursor, simplemente pulse una O
30875
3295247d97a5 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 28777
diff changeset
765 mayúscula, en lugar de una o minúscula. Pruebe esto en la línea siguiente.
28777
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
766
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
767 ---> Abra una línea sobre esta pulsando O cuando el cursor está en esta línea.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
768
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
769
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
770
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
771 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
772 Lección 6.2: EL COMANDO APPEND (añadir)
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
773
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
774
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
775 ** Pulse a para insertar texto DESPUÉS del cursor. **
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
776
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
777 1. Mueva el cursor al inicio de la primera línea inferior señalada con --->.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
778
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
779 2. Escriba e hasta que el cursor esté al final de lín .
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
780
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
781 3. Escriba una a (minúscula) para añadir texto DESPUÉS del cursor.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
782
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
783 4. Complete la palabra como en la línea inferior. Pulse <ESC> para salir
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
784 del modo insertar.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
785
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
786 5. Utilice e para moverse hasta la siguiente palabra incompleta y
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
787 repita los pasos 3 y 4.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
788
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
789 ---> Esta lín le permit prati cómo añad texto a una línea.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
790 ---> Esta línea le permitirá practicar cómo añadir texto a una línea.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
791
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
792 NOTA: a, i y A todos entran en el modo Insertar, la única diferencia es
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
793 dónde ubican los caracteres insertados.
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
794
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
795 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
796 Lección 6.3: OTRA VERSIÓN DE REPLACE (remplazar)
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
797
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
798
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
799 ** Pulse una R mayúscula para sustituir más de un carácter. **
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
800
b96ceb97e896 Update runtime files
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
801 1. Mueva el cursor a la primera línea inferior señalada con --->. Mueva
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
802 el cursor al inicio de la primera xxx .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
803
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
804 2. Ahora pulse R y escriba el número que aparece en la línea inferior,
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
805 esto reemplazará el texto xxx .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
806
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
807 3. Pulse <ESC> para abandonar el modo Reemplazar. Observe que el resto de
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
808 la línea permanece sin modificaciones.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
809
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
810 4. Repita los pasos para reemplazar el texto xxx que queda.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
811
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
812 ---> Sumar 123 a xxx da un resultado de xxx.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
813 ---> Sumar 123 a 456 da un resultado de 579.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
814
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
815 NOTA: El modo Reemplazar es como el modo Insertar, pero cada carácter escrito
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
816 elimina un carácter ya existente.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
817
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
818 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
819 Lección 6.4: COPIAR Y PEGAR TEXTO
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
820
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
821
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
822
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
823 ** Utilice el operador y para copiar texto y p para pegarlo. **
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
824
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
825 1. Mueva el cursor a la línea inferior marcada con ---> y posicione el
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
826 cursor después de "a)".
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
827
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
828 2. Inicie el modo Visual con v y mueva el cursor justo antes de "primer".
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
829
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
830 3. Pulse y para copiar ("yank") el texto resaltado.
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
831
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
832 4. Mueva el cursor al final de la siguiente línea mediante: j$
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
833
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
834 5. Pulse p para poner (pegar) el texto. Después escriba: el segundo <ESC>.
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
835
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
836 6. Utilice el modo visual para seleccionar " elemento.", y cópielo con y
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
837 mueva el cursor al final de la siguiente línea con j$ y pegue el texto
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
838 recién copiado con p .
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
839
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
840 ---> a) este es el primer elemento.
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
841 b)
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
842
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
843 NOTA: También puede utilizar y como un operador: yw copia una palabra,
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
844 yy copia la línea completa donde está el cursor, después p pegará
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
845 esa línea.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
846
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
847 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
848 Lección 6.5: ACTIVAR (SET) UNA OPCIÓN
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
849
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
850
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
851 ** Active una opción para buscar o sustituir ignorando si está
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
852 en mayúsculas o minúsculas el texto. **
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
853
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
854 1. Busque la cadena de texto 'ignorar' escribiendo: /ignorar <INTRO>
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
855 Repita la búsqueda varias veces pulsando n .
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parents:
diff changeset
856
28777
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
857 2. Active la opción 'ic' (Ignore case o ignorar mayúsculas y minúsculas)
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
858 mediante: :set ic
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
859
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
860 3. Ahora busque de nuevo 'ignorar' pulsando n
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
861 Observe que ahora también se encuentran Ignorar e IGNORAR.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
862
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
863 4. Active las opciones 'hlsearch' y 'incsearch' escribiendo: :set hls is
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
864
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
865 5. Ahora escriba de nuevo el comando de búsqueda y vea qué ocurre: /ignore <INTRO>
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
866
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
867 6. Para inhabilitar el ignorar la distinción de mayúsculas y minúsculas
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
868 escriba: :set noic
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
869
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
870 NOTA: Para eliminar el resaltado de las coincidencias escriba: :nohlsearch
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
871 NOTA: Si quiere ignorar las mayúsculas y minúsculas, solo para un comando
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
872 de búsqueda, utilice \c en la frase: /ignorar\c <INTRO>
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
873 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
874 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 6
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
875
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
876
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
877 1. Escriba o para abrir una línea por DEBAJO de la posición del cursor y
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
878 entrar en modo Insertar.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
879 Escriba O para abrir una línea por ENCIMA de la posición del cursor y
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
880 entrar en modo Insertar
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
881
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
882 2. Escriba a para insertar texto DESPUÉS del cursor.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
883 Escriba A para insertar texto al final de la línea.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
884
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
885 3. El comando e mueve el cursor al final de una palabra.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
886
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
887 4. El operador y copia (yank) texto, p lo pega (pone).
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
888
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
889 5. Al escribir una R mayúscula entra en el modo Reemplazar hasta que
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
890 se pulsa <ESC> .
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
891
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
892 6. Al escribir ":set xxx" activa la opción "xxx". Algunas opciones son:
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
893 'ic' 'ignorecase' ignorar mayúsculas/minúsculas al buscar
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
894 'is' 'incsearch' mostrar las coincidencias parciales para la búsqueda
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
895 de una frase
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
896 'hls' 'hlsearch' resalta todas las coincidencias de la frases
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
897 Puedes utilizar tanto los nombre largos o cortos de las opciones.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
898
30875
3295247d97a5 Update runtime files
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parents: 28777
diff changeset
899 7. Añada "no" para inhabilitar una opción: :set noic
28777
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
900
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
901 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
902 Lección 7: OBTENER AYUDA
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
903
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
904
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
905 ** Utilice el sistema de ayuda en línea **
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
906
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
907 Vim dispone de un sistema de ayuda en línea. Para comenzar, pruebe una
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
908 de estas tres formas:
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
909 - pulse la tecla <AYUDA> (si dispone de ella)
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
910 - pulse la tecla <F1> (si dispone de ella)
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
911 - escriba :help <INTRO>
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
912
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
913 Lea el texto en la ventana de ayuda para descubrir cómo funciona la ayuda.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
914 Escriba CTRL-W CTRL-W para saltar de una ventana a otra.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
915 Escriba :q <INTRO> para cerrar la ventana de ayuda.
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
916
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
917 Puede encontrar ayuda en casi cualquier tema añadiendo un argumento al
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
918 comando «:help». Pruebe éstos (no olvide pulsar <INTRO>):
7
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parents:
diff changeset
919
28777
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
920 :help w
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
921 :help c_CTRL-D
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
922 :help insert-index
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
923 :help user-manual
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
924 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
925 Lección 7.2: CREAR UN SCRIPT DE INICIO
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
926
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
927
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
928 ** Habilitar funcionalidades en Vim **
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
929
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
930 Vim tiene muchas más funcionalidades que Vi, pero algunas están
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
931 inhabilitadas de manera predeterminada.
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
932 Para empezar a utilizar más funcionalidades debería crear un archivo
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
933 llamado "vimrc".
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
934
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
935 1. Comience a editar el archivo "vimrc". Esto depende de su sistema:
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
936 :e ~/.vimrc para Unix
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
937 :e ~/_vimrc para Windows
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
938
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
939 2. Ahora lea el contenido del archivo "vimrc" de ejemplo:
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
940 :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
941
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
942 3. Guarde el archivo mediante:
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
943 :w
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
944
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
945 La próxima vez que inicie Vim, este usará el resaltado de sintaxis.
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
946 Puede añadir todos sus ajustes preferidos a este archivo "vimrc".
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
diff changeset
947 Para más información escriba :help vimrc-intro
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
948
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
949 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
950 Lección 7.3: COMPLETADO
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
951
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
952
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
953 ** Completado de la línea de comandos con CTRL-D o <TAB> **
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
954
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parents: 19163
diff changeset
955 1. Asegúrese de que Vim no está en el modo compatible: :set nocp
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956
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957 2. Vea qué archivos existen en el directorio con: :!ls o :!dir
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958
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959 3. Escriba el inicio de un comando: :e
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parents: 19163
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960
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961 4. Pulse CTRL-D y Vim mostrará una lista de comandos que empiezan con "e".
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962
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963 5. Añada d<TAB> y Vim completará el nombre del comando a ":edit".
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964
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965 6. Ahora añada un espacio y el inicio del nombre de un archivo: :edit FIL
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966
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parents: 19163
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967 7. Pulse <TAB>. Vim completará el nombre (si solo hay uno).
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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968
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969 NOTA: El completado funciona con muchos comandos. Solo pulse CTRL-D o
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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970 <TAB>. Es especialmente útil para :help .
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971
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972 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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973 RESUMEN DE LA LECCIÓN 7
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974
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975
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976 1. Escriba :help o pulse <F1> o <HELP> para abrir la ventana de ayuda.
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977
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978 2. Escriba :help cmd para encontrar ayuda sobre cmd .
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979
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980 3. Escriba CTRL-W CTRL-W para saltar a otra ventana.
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parents: 19163
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981
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parents: 19163
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982 4. Escriba :q para cerrar la ventana de ayuda.
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983
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984 5. Cree un fichero vimrc de inicio para guardar sus ajustes preferidos.
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985
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parents: 19163
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986 6. Cuando escriba un comando : pulse CTRL-D para ver posibles opciones.
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987 Pulse <TAB> para utilizar una de las opciones de completado.
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988
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989
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990
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991
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992
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993
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994
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995 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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996
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997 Aquí concluye el tutor de Vim. Está pensado para dar una visión breve del
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998 editor Vim, lo suficiente para permitirle usar el editor de forma bastante
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999 sencilla. Está muy lejos de estar completo pues Vim tiene muchísimos más
28777
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1000 comandos. Lea el siguiente manual de usuario: ":help user-manual".
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1001
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1002 Para lecturas y estudios posteriores se recomienda el libro:
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1003 Vim - Vi Improved - de Steve Oualline
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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1004 Editado por: New Riders
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1005 El primer libro dedicado completamente a Vim. Especialmente útil para
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents: 19163
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1006 recién principiantes.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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1007 Tiene muchos ejemplos e imágenes.
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Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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1008 Vea https://iccf-holland.org/click5.html
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1009
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1010 Este tutorial ha sido escrito por Michael C. Pierce y Robert K. Ware,
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1011 Colorado School of Mines utilizando ideas suministradas por Charles Smith,
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1012 Colorado State University.
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1013 E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu.
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1014
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1015 Modificado para Vim por Bram Moolenaar.
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1016
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1017 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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1018
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1019 Traducido del inglés por:
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1020
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1021 * Eduardo F. Amatria
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1022 Correo electrónico: eferna1@platea.pntic.mec.es
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1023 * Victorhck
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1024 Correo electrónico: victorhck@opensuse.org
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1025
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1026 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~