Mercurial > vim
annotate README_VIM9.md @ 29855:6bddfc49c35b v9.0.0266
patch 9.0.0266: compiler warning for unused argument
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/340dafd155222ac96304107542344faf3c56e12b
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Thu Aug 25 16:16:45 2022 +0100
patch 9.0.0266: compiler warning for unused argument
Problem: Compiler warning for unused argument.
Solution: Add UNUSED.
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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date | Thu, 25 Aug 2022 17:30:04 +0200 |
parents | d4faa2c5211b |
children | cc751d944b7e |
rev | line source |
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1 ![Vim Logo](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/runtime/vimlogo.gif) |
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2 |
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3 # What is Vim9? |
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4 |
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5 This is an experimental side of [Vim](https://github.com/vim/vim). |
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6 It explores ways of making Vim script faster and better. |
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7 |
21676 | 8 WARNING: The Vim9 script features are still under development, anything can |
9 break! | |
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10 |
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11 # Why Vim9? |
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12 |
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13 ## 1. FASTER VIM SCRIPT |
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14 |
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15 The third item on the poll results of 2018, after popup windows and text |
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16 properties, is faster Vim script. So how do we do that? |
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17 |
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18 I have been throwing some ideas around, and soon came to the conclusion |
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19 that the current way functions are called and executed, with |
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20 dictionaries for the arguments and local variables, is never going to be |
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21 very fast. We're lucky if we can make it twice as fast. The overhead |
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22 of a function call and executing every line is just too high. |
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23 |
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24 So what then? We can only make something fast by having a new way of |
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25 defining a function, with similar but different properties of the old |
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26 way: |
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27 * Arguments are only available by name, not through the a: dictionary or |
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28 the a:000 list. |
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29 * Local variables are not available in an l: dictionary. |
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30 * A few more things that slow us down, such as exception handling details. |
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31 |
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32 I Implemented a "proof of concept" and measured the time to run a simple |
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33 for loop with an addition (Justin used this example in his presentation, |
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34 full code is below): |
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35 |
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36 ``` vim |
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37 let sum = 0 |
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38 for i in range(1, 2999999) |
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39 let sum += i |
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40 endfor |
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41 ``` |
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42 |
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43 | how | time in sec | |
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44 | --------| -------- | |
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45 | Vim old | 5.018541 | |
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46 | Python | 0.369598 | |
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47 | Lua | 0.078817 | |
25402 | 48 | LuaJit | 0.004245 | |
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49 | Vim new | 0.073595 | |
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50 |
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51 That looks very promising! It's just one example, but it shows how much |
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52 we can gain, and also that Vim script can be faster than builtin |
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53 interfaces. |
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54 |
25402 | 55 LuaJit is much faster at Lua-only instructions. In practice the script would |
56 not do something useless as counting but change the text. For example, | |
57 reindent all the lines: | |
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58 |
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59 ``` vim |
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60 let totallen = 0 |
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61 for i in range(1, 100000) |
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62 call setline(i, ' ' .. getline(i)) |
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63 let totallen += len(getline(i)) |
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64 endfor |
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65 ``` |
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66 |
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67 | how | time in sec | |
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68 | --------| -------- | |
25402 | 69 | Vim old | 0.578598 | |
70 | Python | 0.152040 | | |
71 | Lua | 0.164917 | | |
72 | LuaJit | 0.128400 | | |
73 | Vim new | 0.079692 | | |
74 | |
75 [These times were measured on a different system by Dominique Pelle] | |
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76 |
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77 The differences are smaller, but Vim 9 script is clearly the fastest. |
25402 | 78 Using LuaJIT is only a little bit faster than plain Lua here, clearly the call |
79 back to the Vim code is costly. | |
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80 |
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81 How does Vim9 script work? The function is first compiled into a sequence of |
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82 instructions. Each instruction has one or two parameters and a stack is |
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83 used to store intermediate results. Local variables are also on the |
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84 stack, space is reserved during compilation. This is a fairly normal |
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85 way of compilation into an intermediate format, specialized for Vim, |
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86 e.g. each stack item is a typeval_T. And one of the instructions is |
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87 "execute Ex command", for commands that are not compiled. |
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88 |
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89 |
22565 | 90 ## 2. DEPRIORITIZE INTERFACES |
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91 |
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92 Attempts have been made to implement functionality with built-in script |
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93 languages such as Python, Perl, Lua, Tcl and Ruby. This never gained much |
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94 foothold, for various reasons. |
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95 |
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96 Instead of using script language support in Vim: |
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97 * Encourage implementing external tools in any language and communicate |
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98 with them. The job and channel support already makes this possible. |
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99 Really any language can be used, also Java and Go, which are not |
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100 available built-in. |
21676 | 101 * No priority for the built-in language interfaces. They will have to be kept |
102 for backwards compatibility, but many users won't need a Vim build with these | |
103 interfaces. | |
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104 * Improve the Vim script language, it is used to communicate with the external |
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105 tool and implements the Vim side of the interface. Also, it can be used when |
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106 an external tool is undesired. |
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107 |
21825 | 108 Altogether this creates a clear situation: Vim with the +eval feature |
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109 will be sufficient for most plugins, while some plugins require |
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110 installing a tool that can be written in any language. No confusion |
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111 about having Vim but the plugin not working because some specific |
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112 language is missing. This is a good long term goal. |
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113 |
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114 Rationale: Why is it better to run a tool separately from Vim than using a |
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115 built-in interface and interpreter? Take for example something that is |
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116 written in Python: |
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117 * The built-in interface uses the embedded python interpreter. This is less |
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118 well maintained than the python command. Building Vim with it requires |
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119 installing developer packages. If loaded dynamically there can be a version |
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120 mismatch. |
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121 * When running the tool externally the standard python command can be used, |
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122 which is quite often available by default or can be easily installed. |
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123 * The built-in interface has an API that is unique for Vim with Python. This is |
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124 an extra API to learn. |
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125 * A .py file can be compiled into a .pyc file and execute much faster. |
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126 * Inside Vim multi-threading can cause problems, since the Vim core is single |
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127 threaded. In an external tool there are no such problems. |
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128 * The Vim part is written in .vim files, the Python part is in .py files, this |
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129 is nicely separated. |
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130 * Disadvantage: An interface needs to be made between Vim and Python. |
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131 JSON is available for this, and it's fairly easy to use. But it still |
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132 requires implementing asynchronous communication. |
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133 |
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134 |
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135 ## 3. BETTER VIM SCRIPT |
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136 |
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137 To make Vim faster a new way of defining a function needs to be added. |
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138 While we are doing that, since the lines in this function won't be fully |
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139 backwards compatible anyway, we can also make Vim script easier to use. |
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140 In other words: "less weird". Making it work more like modern |
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141 programming languages will help. No surprises. |
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142 |
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143 A good example is how in a function the arguments are prefixed with |
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144 "a:". No other language I know does that, so let's drop it. |
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145 |
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146 Taking this one step further is also dropping "s:" for script-local variables; |
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147 everything at the script level is script-local by default. Since this is not |
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148 backwards compatible it requires a new script style: Vim9 script! |
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149 |
21676 | 150 To avoid having more variations, the syntax inside a compiled function is the |
151 same as in Vim9 script. Thus you have legacy syntax and Vim9 syntax. | |
152 | |
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153 It should be possible to convert code from other languages to Vim |
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154 script. We can add functionality to make this easier. This still needs |
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155 to be discussed, but we can consider adding type checking and a simple |
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156 form of classes. If you look at JavaScript for example, it has gone |
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157 through these stages over time, adding real class support and now |
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158 TypeScript adds type checking. But we'll have to see how much of that |
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159 we actually want to include in Vim script. Ideally a conversion tool |
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160 can take Python, JavaScript or TypeScript code and convert it to Vim |
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161 script, with only some things that cannot be converted. |
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162 |
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163 Vim script won't work the same as any specific language, but we can use |
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164 mechanisms that are commonly known, ideally with the same syntax. One |
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165 thing I have been thinking of is assignments without ":let". I often |
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166 make that mistake (after writing JavaScript especially). I think it is |
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167 possible, if we make local variables shadow commands. That should be OK, |
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168 if you shadow a command you want to use, just rename the variable. |
22958 | 169 Using "var" and "const" to declare a variable, like in JavaScript and |
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170 TypeScript, can work: |
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171 |
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172 |
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173 ``` vim |
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174 def MyFunction(arg: number): number |
22958 | 175 var local = 1 |
176 var todo = arg | |
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177 const ADD = 88 |
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178 while todo > 0 |
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179 local += ADD |
22958 | 180 todo -= 1 |
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181 endwhile |
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182 return local |
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183 enddef |
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184 ``` |
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185 |
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186 The similarity with JavaScript/TypeScript can also be used for dependencies |
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187 between files. Vim currently uses the `:source` command, which has several |
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188 disadvantages: |
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189 * In the sourced script, is not clear what it provides. By default all |
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190 functions are global and can be used elsewhere. |
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191 * In a script that sources other scripts, it is not clear what function comes |
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192 from what sourced script. Finding the implementation is a hassle. |
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193 * Prevention of loading the whole script twice must be manually implemented. |
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194 |
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195 We can use the `:import` and `:export` commands from the JavaScript standard to |
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196 make this much better. For example, in script "myfunction.vim" define a |
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197 function and export it: |
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198 |
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199 ``` vim |
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200 vim9script " Vim9 script syntax used here |
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201 |
22958 | 202 var local = 'local variable is not exported, script-local' |
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203 |
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204 export def MyFunction() " exported function |
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205 ... |
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206 |
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207 def LocalFunction() " not exported, script-local |
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208 ... |
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209 ``` |
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210 |
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211 And in another script import the function: |
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212 |
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213 ``` vim |
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214 vim9script " Vim9 script syntax used here |
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215 |
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216 import MyFunction from 'myfunction.vim' |
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217 ``` |
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218 |
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219 This looks like JavaScript/TypeScript, thus many users will understand the |
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220 syntax. |
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221 |
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222 These are ideas, this will take time to design, discuss and implement. |
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223 Eventually this will lead to Vim 9! |
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224 |
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225 |
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226 ## Code for sum time measurements |
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227 |
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228 Vim was build with -O2. |
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229 |
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230 ``` vim |
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231 func VimOld() |
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232 let sum = 0 |
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233 for i in range(1, 2999999) |
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234 let sum += i |
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235 endfor |
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236 return sum |
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237 endfunc |
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238 |
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239 func Python() |
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240 py3 << END |
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241 sum = 0 |
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242 for i in range(1, 3000000): |
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243 sum += i |
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244 END |
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245 return py3eval('sum') |
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246 endfunc |
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247 |
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248 func Lua() |
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249 lua << END |
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250 sum = 0 |
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251 for i = 1, 2999999 do |
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252 sum = sum + i |
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253 end |
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254 END |
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255 return luaeval('sum') |
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256 endfunc |
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257 |
22958 | 258 def VimNew(): number |
259 var sum = 0 | |
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260 for i in range(1, 2999999) |
22958 | 261 sum += i |
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262 endfor |
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263 return sum |
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264 enddef |
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265 |
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266 let start = reltime() |
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267 echo VimOld() |
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268 echo 'Vim old: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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269 |
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270 let start = reltime() |
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271 echo Python() |
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272 echo 'Python: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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273 |
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274 let start = reltime() |
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275 echo Lua() |
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276 echo 'Lua: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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277 |
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278 let start = reltime() |
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279 echo VimNew() |
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280 echo 'Vim new: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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281 ``` |
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282 |
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283 ## Code for indent time measurements |
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284 |
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285 ``` vim |
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286 def VimNew(): number |
22958 | 287 var totallen = 0 |
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288 for i in range(1, 100000) |
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289 setline(i, ' ' .. getline(i)) |
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290 totallen += len(getline(i)) |
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291 endfor |
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292 return totallen |
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293 enddef |
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294 |
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295 func VimOld() |
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296 let totallen = 0 |
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297 for i in range(1, 100000) |
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298 call setline(i, ' ' .. getline(i)) |
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299 let totallen += len(getline(i)) |
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300 endfor |
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301 return totallen |
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302 endfunc |
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303 |
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304 func Lua() |
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305 lua << END |
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306 b = vim.buffer() |
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307 totallen = 0 |
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308 for i = 1, 100000 do |
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309 b[i] = " " .. b[i] |
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310 totallen = totallen + string.len(b[i]) |
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311 end |
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312 END |
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313 return luaeval('totallen') |
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314 endfunc |
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315 |
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316 func Python() |
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317 py3 << END |
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318 cb = vim.current.buffer |
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319 totallen = 0 |
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320 for i in range(0, 100000): |
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321 cb[i] = ' ' + cb[i] |
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322 totallen += len(cb[i]) |
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323 END |
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324 return py3eval('totallen') |
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325 endfunc |
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326 |
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327 new |
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328 call setline(1, range(100000)) |
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329 let start = reltime() |
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330 echo VimOld() |
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331 echo 'Vim old: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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332 bwipe! |
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333 |
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334 new |
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335 call setline(1, range(100000)) |
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336 let start = reltime() |
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337 echo Python() |
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338 echo 'Python: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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339 bwipe! |
25700 | 340 |
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341 new |
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342 call setline(1, range(100000)) |
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343 let start = reltime() |
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344 echo Lua() |
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345 echo 'Lua: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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346 bwipe! |
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347 |
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348 new |
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349 call setline(1, range(100000)) |
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350 let start = reltime() |
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351 echo VimNew() |
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352 echo 'Vim new: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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353 bwipe! |
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354 ``` |