annotate runtime/tutor/tutor.utf-8 @ 17308:d04de6c49f59 v8.1.1653

patch 8.1.1653: ubsan warns for possibly passing NULL pointer commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/0d07155c8bbaca1a527b79da358438253a60839f Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> Date: Mon Jul 8 22:04:03 2019 +0200 patch 8.1.1653: ubsan warns for possibly passing NULL pointer Problem: Ubsan warns for possibly passing NULL pointer. Solution: Skip code when length is zero. (Dominique Pelle, closes https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/4631)
author Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
date Mon, 08 Jul 2019 22:15:04 +0200
parents 314694a2e74a
children 1908e92b02fd
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1 ===============================================================================
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2 = W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.7 =
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3 ===============================================================================
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4
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5 Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to
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6 explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe
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7 enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as
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8 an all-purpose editor.
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9
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10 The approximate time required to complete the tutor is 25-30 minutes,
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11 depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation.
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12
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13 ATTENTION:
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14 The commands in the lessons will modify the text. Make a copy of this
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15 file to practice on (if you started "vimtutor" this is already a copy).
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16
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17 It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by
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18 use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them
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19 properly. If you only read the text, you will forget the commands!
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20
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21 Now, make sure that your Caps-Lock key is NOT depressed and press
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22 the j key enough times to move the cursor so that lesson 1.1
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23 completely fills the screen.
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24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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25 Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR
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26
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27
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28 ** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. **
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29 ^
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30 k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left.
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31 < h l > The l key is at the right and moves right.
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32 j The j key looks like a down arrow.
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33 v
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34 1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.
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35
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36 2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
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37 Now you know how to move to the next lesson.
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38
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39 3. Using the down key, move to lesson 1.2.
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40
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41 NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place
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42 you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted.
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43
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44 NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to
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45 move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really!
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46
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47 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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48 Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM
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49
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50
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51 !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
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52
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53 1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode).
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54
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55 2. Type: :q! <ENTER>.
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56 This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.
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57
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58 3. Get back here by executing the command that got you into this tutor. That
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59 might be: vimtutor <ENTER>
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60
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61 4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
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62 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.
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63
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64 NOTE: :q! <ENTER> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you
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65 will learn how to save the changes to a file.
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66
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67 5. Move the cursor down to lesson 1.3.
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68
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69
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70 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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71 Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
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72
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73
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74 ** Press x to delete the character under the cursor. **
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75
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76 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
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77
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78 2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
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79 character to be deleted.
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80
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81 3. Press the x key to delete the unwanted character.
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82
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83 4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.
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84
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85 ---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon.
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86
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87 5. Now that the line is correct, go on to lesson 1.4.
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88
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89 NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
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90
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91
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92
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93 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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94 Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION
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95
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96
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97 ** Press i to insert text. **
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98
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99 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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100
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101 2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
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102 of the character BEFORE which the text is to be inserted.
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103
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104 3. Press i and type in the necessary additions.
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105
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106 4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
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107 Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.
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108
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109 ---> There is text misng this .
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110 ---> There is some text missing from this line.
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111
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112 5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5.
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113
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114
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115
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116 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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117 Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING
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118
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119
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120 ** Press A to append text. **
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121
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122 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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123 It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.
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124
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125 2. Press A and type in the necessary additions.
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126
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127 3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode.
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128
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129 4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
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130 steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
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131
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132 ---> There is some text missing from th
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133 There is some text missing from this line.
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134 ---> There is also some text miss
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135 There is also some text missing here.
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136
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137 5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.
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138
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139 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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140 Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE
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141
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142 ** Use :wq to save a file and exit. **
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143
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144 !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!!
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145
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146 1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q!
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147 Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there.
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148
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149 2. At the shell prompt type this command: vim tutor <ENTER>
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150 'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'tutor' is the name of the
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151 file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed.
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152
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153 3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.
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154
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155 4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: :wq <ENTER>
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156
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157 5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to
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158 the following summary.
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159
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160 6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.
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161
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162 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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163 Lesson 1 SUMMARY
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164
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165
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166 1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
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167 h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
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168
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169 2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>
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170
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171 3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes.
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172 OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes.
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173
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174 4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x
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175
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176 5. To insert or append text type:
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177 i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor
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178 A type appended text <ESC> append after the line
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179
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180 NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
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181 an unwanted and partially completed command.
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182
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183 Now continue with lesson 2.
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184
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185 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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186 Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
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187
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188
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189 ** Type dw to delete a word. **
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190
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191 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
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192
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193 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
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194
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195 3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
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196
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197 4. Type dw to make the word disappear.
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198
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199 NOTE: The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type
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200 it. Vim is waiting for you to type w . If you see another character
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201 than d you typed something wrong; press <ESC> and start over.
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202
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203 ---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence.
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204
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205 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to lesson 2.2.
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206
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207
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208 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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209 Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS
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210
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211
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212 ** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. **
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213
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214 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
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215
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216 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
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217
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218 3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ).
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219
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220 4. Type d$ to delete to the end of the line.
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221
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222 ---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice.
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223
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224
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225 5. Move on to lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening.
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226
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227
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228
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229
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230
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231 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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232 Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS
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233
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234
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235 Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion.
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236 The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows:
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237
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238 d motion
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239
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240 Where:
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241 d - is the delete operator.
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242 motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).
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243
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244 A short list of motions:
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245 w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
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246 e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
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247 $ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.
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248
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249 Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.
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250
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251 NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will
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252 move the cursor as specified.
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253
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254 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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255 Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION
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256
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257
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258 ** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **
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259
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260 1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->.
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261
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262 2. Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward.
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263
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264 3. Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
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265
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266 4. Type 0 (zero) to move to the start of the line.
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267
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268 5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.
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269
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270 ---> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
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271
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272 6. Move on to lesson 2.5.
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273
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274
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275
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276
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277 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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278 Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE
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279
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280
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281 ** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. **
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282
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283 In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you
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284 insert a count before the motion to delete more:
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285 d number motion
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286
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287 1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->.
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288
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289 2. Type d2w to delete the two UPPER CASE words.
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290
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291 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive
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292 UPPER CASE words with one command.
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293
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294 ---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up.
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295
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296
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297
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298
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299
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300 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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301 Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
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302
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303
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304 ** Type dd to delete a whole line. **
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305
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306 Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
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307 it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line.
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308
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309 1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
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310 2. Type dd to delete the line.
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311 3. Now move to the fourth line.
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312 4. Type 2dd to delete two lines.
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313
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314 ---> 1) Roses are red,
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315 ---> 2) Mud is fun,
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316 ---> 3) Violets are blue,
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317 ---> 4) I have a car,
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318 ---> 5) Clocks tell time,
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319 ---> 6) Sugar is sweet
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320 ---> 7) And so are you.
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321
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322
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323 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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324 Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND
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325
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326
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327 ** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **
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328
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329 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
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330 first error.
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331 2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character.
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332 3. Now type u to undo the last command executed.
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333 4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the x command.
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334 5. Now type a capital U to return the line to its original state.
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335 6. Now type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands.
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336 7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times
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337 to redo the commands (undo the undo's).
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338
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339 ---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.
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340
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341 8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the lesson 2 Summary.
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342
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343
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344
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345
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346 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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347 Lesson 2 SUMMARY
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348
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349
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350 1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw
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351 2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$
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352 3. To delete a whole line type: dd
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353
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354 4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w
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355 5. The format for a change command is:
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356 operator [number] motion
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357 where:
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358 operator - is what to do, such as d for delete
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359 [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
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360 motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word),
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361 $ (to the end of line), etc.
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362
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363 6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0
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364
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365 7. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u)
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366 To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U)
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367 To undo the undo's, type: CTRL-R
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368
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369 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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370 Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
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371
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372
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373 ** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **
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374
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375 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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376
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377 2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.
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378
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379 3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
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380
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381 4. Type p to put the line below the cursor.
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382
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383 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
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384
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385 ---> d) Can you learn too?
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386 ---> b) Violets are blue,
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387 ---> c) Intelligence is learned,
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388 ---> a) Roses are red,
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389
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390
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391
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392 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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393 Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
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394
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395
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396 ** Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x . **
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397
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398 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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399
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400 2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
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401
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402 3. Type r and then the character which should be there.
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403
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404 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.
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405
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406 ---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys!
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407 ---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!
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408
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409 5. Now move on to lesson 3.3.
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410
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411 NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.
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412
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413
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414
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415 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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416 Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR
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417
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418
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419 ** To change until the end of a word, type ce . **
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420
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421 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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422
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423 2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw.
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424
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425 3. Type ce and the correct word (in this case, type ine ).
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426
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427 4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed.
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428
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429 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
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430
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431 ---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator.
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432 ---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.
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433
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434 Notice that ce deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.
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435
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436
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437
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438 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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439 Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
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440
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441
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442 ** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. **
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443
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444 1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is:
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445
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446 c [number] motion
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447
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448 2. The motions are the same, such as w (word) and $ (end of line).
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449
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450 3. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
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451
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452 4. Move the cursor to the first error.
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453
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454 5. Type c$ and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>.
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455
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456 ---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second.
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457 ---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.
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458
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459 NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing.
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460
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461 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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462 Lesson 3 SUMMARY
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463
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464
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465 1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the
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466 deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
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467 line below the cursor).
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468
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469 2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the
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470 character you want to have there.
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471
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472 3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
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473 motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of
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474 the word, c$ to change to the end of a line.
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475
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476 4. The format for change is:
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477
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478 c [number] motion
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479
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480 Now go on to the next lesson.
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481
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482
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483
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484 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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485 Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
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486
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487 ** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status.
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488 Type G to move to a line in the file. **
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489
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490 NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
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491
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492 1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . We call this CTRL-G.
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493 A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
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494 position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3.
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495
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496 NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
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497 This happens when the 'ruler' option is set (see :help 'ruler' )
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498
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499 2. Press G to move you to the bottom of the file.
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500 Type gg to move you to the start of the file.
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501
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502 3. Type the number of the line you were on and then G . This will
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503 return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G.
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504
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505 4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
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506
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507 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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508 Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
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509
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510
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511 ** Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **
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512
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513 1. In Normal mode type the / character. Notice that it and the cursor
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514 appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command.
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515
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516 2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for.
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517
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518 3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n .
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519 To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N .
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520
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521 4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / .
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522
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523 5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O (Keep Ctrl down while
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524 pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. CTRL-I goes forward.
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525
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526 ---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error.
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527 NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
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528 start, unless the 'wrapscan' option has been reset.
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529
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530 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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531 Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
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532
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533
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534 ** Type % to find a matching ),], or } . **
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535
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536 1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
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537
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538 2. Now type the % character.
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539
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540 3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.
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541
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542 4. Type % to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.
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543
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544 5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what % does.
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545
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546 ---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. ))
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547
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548
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549 NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
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550
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551
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552
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553 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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554 Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
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555
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556
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557 ** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. **
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558
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559 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
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560
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561 2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the
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562 first occurrence of "thee" in the line.
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563
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564 3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute
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565 globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line.
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566
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567 ---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring.
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568
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569 4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
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570 type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range
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571 of lines where the substitution is to be done.
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572 Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file.
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573 Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file,
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574 with a prompt whether to substitute or not.
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575
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576 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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577 Lesson 4 SUMMARY
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578
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579
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580 1. CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status.
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581 G moves to the end of the file.
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582 number G moves to that line number.
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583 gg moves to the first line.
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584
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585 2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
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586 Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
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587 After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction
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588 or N to search in the opposite direction.
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589 CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.
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590
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591 3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
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592
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593 4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type :s/old/new
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594 To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type :s/old/new/g
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595 To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g
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596 To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g
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597 To ask for confirmation each time add 'c' :%s/old/new/gc
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598
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599 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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600 Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
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601
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602
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603 ** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. **
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
604
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605 1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the
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vimboss
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diff changeset
606 screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command.
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parents:
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607
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
608 2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
609 execute any external shell command.
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parents:
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610
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611 3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
612 will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
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vimboss
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613 shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn't work.
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diff changeset
614
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615 NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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diff changeset
616 arguments.
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vimboss
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diff changeset
617
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618 NOTE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER>
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vimboss
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diff changeset
619 From here on we will not always mention it.
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diff changeset
620
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vimboss
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diff changeset
621
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vimboss
parents:
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622 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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623 Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
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vimboss
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624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
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625
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parents: 13231
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626 ** To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME **
1624
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parents:
diff changeset
627
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628 1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory.
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parents:
diff changeset
629 You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this.
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630
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vimboss
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diff changeset
631 2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
632
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633 3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.)
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parents:
diff changeset
634
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
635 4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
636 To verify this, type :!dir or :!ls again to see your directory.
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parents:
diff changeset
637
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diff changeset
638 NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
639 would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
640
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parents: 13231
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641 5. Now remove the file by typing (Windows): :!del TEST
1624
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
642 or (Unix): :!rm TEST
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
643
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
644
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
645 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
646 Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
647
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
648
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
649 ** To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME **
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
650
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651 1. Move the cursor to this line.
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parents:
diff changeset
652
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
653 2. Press v and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
654 text is highlighted.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
655
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vimboss
parents:
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656 3. Press the : character. At the bottom of the screen :'<,'> will appear.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
657
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vimboss
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diff changeset
658 4. Type w TEST , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify
2462
88e92762a53e Update utf-8 version of tutor.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents: 1624
diff changeset
659 that you see :'<,'>w TEST before you press <ENTER>.
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18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
660
3847
1003f9b262d7 Update runtime files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents: 2462
diff changeset
661 5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use :!dir or :!ls
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
662 to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
663
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
664 NOTE: Pressing v starts Visual selection. You can move the cursor around
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
665 to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
666 to do something with the text. For example, d deletes the text.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
667
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
668 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
669 Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
670
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
671
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
672 ** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME **
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
673
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
674 1. Place the cursor just above this line.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
675
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723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
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676 NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from lesson 5.3. Then move
1624
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
677 DOWN to see this lesson again.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
678
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
679 2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
680 the name of the file you used.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
681 The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
682
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
683 3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
14347
723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
684 are now two copies of lesson 5.3, the original and the file version.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
685
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
686 NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example,
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
687 :r !ls reads the output of the ls command and puts it below the
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
688 cursor.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
689
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
690
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
691 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
692 Lesson 5 SUMMARY
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
693
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
694
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
695 1. :!command executes an external command.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
696
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
697 Some useful examples are:
14347
723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
698 (Windows) (Unix)
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
699 :!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
700 :!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
701
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
702 2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
703
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
704 3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
705 FILENAME.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
706
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
707 4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
708 cursor position.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
709
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
710 5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
711 cursor position.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
712
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
713
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
714 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
715 Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
716
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
717
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
718 ** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
719
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723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
720 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
721
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
722 2. Type the lowercase letter o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
723 you in Insert mode.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
724
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
725 3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
726
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
727 ---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
728
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
729 4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
730 than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
731
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
732 ---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
733
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
734
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
735
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
736
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
737 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
738 Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
739
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
740
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
741 ** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. **
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
742
14347
723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
743 1. Move the cursor to the start of the first line below marked --->.
723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
744
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
745 2. Press e until the cursor is on the end of li .
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
746
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
747 3. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the cursor.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
748
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
749 4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press <ESC> to exit Insert
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
750 mode.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
751
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
752 5. Use e to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4.
14347
723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
753
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
754 ---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
755 ---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
756
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
757 NOTE: a, i and A all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
758 the characters are inserted.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
759
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
760 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
761 Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
762
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
763
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
764 ** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. **
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
765
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
766 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. Move the cursor to
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
767 the beginning of the first xxx .
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
768
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
769 2. Now press R and type the number below it in the second line, so that it
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
770 replaces the xxx .
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
771
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
772 3. Press <ESC> to leave Replace mode. Notice that the rest of the line
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
773 remains unmodified.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
774
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
775 4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining xxx.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
776
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
777 ---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
778 ---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
779
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
780 NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
781 existing character.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
782
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
783 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
784 Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
785
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
786
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
787 ** Use the y operator to copy text and p to paste it **
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
788
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723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
789 1. Move to the line below marked ---> and place the cursor after "a)".
723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
790
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
791 2. Start Visual mode with v and move the cursor to just before "first".
14347
723487cd7876 Update runtime files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents: 13231
diff changeset
792
1624
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
793 3. Type y to yank (copy) the highlighted text.
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
794
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
795 4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: j$
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
796
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
797 5. Type p to put (paste) the text. Then type: a second <ESC> .
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
798
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
799 6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with y , move to the end of
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
800 the next line with j$ and put the text there with p .
18ee39301b82 updated for version 7.2a
vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
801
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
802 ---> a) this is the first item.
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803 b)
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804
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805 NOTE: You can also use y as an operator; yw yanks one word.
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806 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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807 Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION
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808
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809
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810 ** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case **
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diff changeset
811
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812 1. Search for 'ignore' by entering: /ignore <ENTER>
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813 Repeat several times by pressing n .
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814
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diff changeset
815 2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering: :set ic
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816
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817 3. Now search for 'ignore' again by pressing n
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818 Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found.
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819
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820 4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options: :set hls is
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821
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822 5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore <ENTER>
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823
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824 6. To disable ignoring case enter: :set noic
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825
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826 NOTE: To remove the highlighting of matches enter: :nohlsearch
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827 NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use \c
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diff changeset
828 in the phrase: /ignore\c <ENTER>
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829 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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830 Lesson 6 SUMMARY
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831
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832 1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
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833 Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor.
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834
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835 2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor.
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836 Type A to insert text after the end of the line.
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837
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838 3. The e command moves to the end of a word.
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839
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840 4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it.
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841
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842 5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed.
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843
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844 6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are:
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845 'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching
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846 'is' 'incsearch' show partial matches for a search phrase
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847 'hls' 'hlsearch' highlight all matching phrases
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848 You can either use the long or the short option name.
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849
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850 7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: :set noic
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851
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852 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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853 Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP
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854
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855
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856 ** Use the on-line help system **
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857
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858 Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of
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859 these three:
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860 - press the <HELP> key (if you have one)
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861 - press the <F1> key (if you have one)
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862 - type :help <ENTER>
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863
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864 Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works.
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865 Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump from one window to another.
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866 Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window.
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867
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868 You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the
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869 ":help" command. Try these (don't forget pressing <ENTER>):
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870
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871 :help w
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872 :help c_CTRL-D
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873 :help insert-index
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diff changeset
874 :help user-manual
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875 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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876 Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT
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877
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878
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diff changeset
879 ** Enable Vim features **
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880
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881 Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by
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882 default. To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file.
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883
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884 1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. This depends on your system:
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885 :e ~/.vimrc for Unix
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886 :e $VIM/_vimrc for Windows
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887
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888 2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents:
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889 :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
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diff changeset
890
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891 3. Write the file with:
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892 :w
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diff changeset
893
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894 The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting.
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diff changeset
895 You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file.
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diff changeset
896 For more information type :help vimrc-intro
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diff changeset
897
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diff changeset
898 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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diff changeset
899 Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION
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diff changeset
900
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diff changeset
901
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diff changeset
902 ** Command line completion with CTRL-D and <TAB> **
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diff changeset
903
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904 1. Make sure Vim is not in compatible mode: :set nocp
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diff changeset
905
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diff changeset
906 2. Look what files exist in the directory: :!ls or :!dir
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diff changeset
907
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908 3. Type the start of a command: :e
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909
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910 4. Press CTRL-D and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e".
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diff changeset
911
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912 5. Type d<TAB> and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit".
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913
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914 6. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: :edit FIL
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915
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916 7. Press <TAB>. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique).
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917
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918 NOTE: Completion works for many commands. Just try pressing CTRL-D and
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diff changeset
919 <TAB>. It is especially useful for :help .
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diff changeset
920
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diff changeset
921 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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diff changeset
922 Lesson 7 SUMMARY
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parents:
diff changeset
923
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parents:
diff changeset
924
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925 1. Type :help or press <F1> or <HELP> to open a help window.
1624
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926
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diff changeset
927 2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd .
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diff changeset
928
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929 3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window.
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930
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931 4. Type :q to close the help window.
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932
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933 5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
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diff changeset
934
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diff changeset
935 6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
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diff changeset
936 Press <TAB> to use one completion.
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diff changeset
937
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diff changeset
938
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939
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940
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941
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diff changeset
942
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diff changeset
943
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944 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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945
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946 This concludes the Vim Tutor. It was intended to give a brief overview of
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diff changeset
947 the Vim editor, just enough to allow you to use the editor fairly easily.
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diff changeset
948 It is far from complete as Vim has many many more commands. Read the user
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diff changeset
949 manual next: ":help user-manual".
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950
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951 For further reading and studying, this book is recommended:
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diff changeset
952 Vim - Vi Improved - by Steve Oualline
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diff changeset
953 Publisher: New Riders
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diff changeset
954 The first book completely dedicated to Vim. Especially useful for beginners.
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diff changeset
955 There are many examples and pictures.
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956 See http://iccf-holland.org/click5.html
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diff changeset
957
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958 This book is older and more about Vi than Vim, but also recommended:
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diff changeset
959 Learning the Vi Editor - by Linda Lamb
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960 Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates Inc.
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diff changeset
961 It is a good book to get to know almost anything you want to do with Vi.
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diff changeset
962 The sixth edition also includes information on Vim.
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diff changeset
963
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diff changeset
964 This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware,
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diff changeset
965 Colorado School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith,
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diff changeset
966 Colorado State University. E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu.
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967
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diff changeset
968 Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar.
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diff changeset
969
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970 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~