annotate runtime/doc/helphelp.txt @ 5875:daf7e98675cf v7.4.280

updated for version 7.4.280 Problem: When using a session file the relative position of the cursor is not restored if there is another tab. (Nobuhiro Takasaki) Solution: Update w_wrow before calculating the fraction.
author Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
date Wed, 07 May 2014 20:25:35 +0200
parents 359743c1f59a
children cb5480096f1b
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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359743c1f59a release version 7.4
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1 *helphelp.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2012 Nov 28
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2
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3
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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5
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6
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7 Help on help files *helphelp*
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8
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9 1. Help commands |online-help|
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10 2. Translated help files |help-translated|
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11 3. Writing help files |help-writing|
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12
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13 ==============================================================================
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14 1. Help commands *online-help*
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15
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16 *help* *<Help>* *:h* *:help* *<F1>* *i_<F1>* *i_<Help>*
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17 <Help> or
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18 :h[elp] Open a window and display the help file in read-only
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19 mode. If there is a help window open already, use
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20 that one. Otherwise, if the current window uses the
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21 full width of the screen or is at least 80 characters
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22 wide, the help window will appear just above the
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23 current window. Otherwise the new window is put at
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24 the very top.
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25 The 'helplang' option is used to select a language, if
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26 the main help file is available in several languages.
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27 {not in Vi}
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28
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29 *{subject}* *E149* *E661*
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30 :h[elp] {subject} Like ":help", additionally jump to the tag {subject}.
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31 {subject} can include wildcards like "*", "?" and
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32 "[a-z]":
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33 :help z? jump to help for any "z" command
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34 :help z. jump to the help for "z."
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35 If there is no full match for the pattern, or there
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36 are several matches, the "best" match will be used.
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37 A sophisticated algorithm is used to decide which
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38 match is better than another one. These items are
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39 considered in the computation:
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40 - A match with same case is much better than a match
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41 with different case.
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42 - A match that starts after a non-alphanumeric
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43 character is better than a match in the middle of a
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44 word.
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45 - A match at or near the beginning of the tag is
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46 better than a match further on.
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47 - The more alphanumeric characters match, the better.
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48 - The shorter the length of the match, the better.
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49
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50 The 'helplang' option is used to select a language, if
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51 the {subject} is available in several languages.
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52 To find a tag in a specific language, append "@ab",
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53 where "ab" is the two-letter language code. See
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54 |help-translated|.
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55
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56 Note that the longer the {subject} you give, the less
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57 matches will be found. You can get an idea how this
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58 all works by using commandline completion (type CTRL-D
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59 after ":help subject" |c_CTRL-D|).
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60 If there are several matches, you can have them listed
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61 by hitting CTRL-D. Example: >
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62 :help cont<Ctrl-D>
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63
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64 < Instead of typing ":help CTRL-V" to search for help
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65 for CTRL-V you can type: >
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66 :help ^V
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67 < This also works together with other characters, for
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68 example to find help for CTRL-V in Insert mode: >
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69 :help i^V
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70 <
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71 To use a regexp |pattern|, first do ":help" and then
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72 use ":tag {pattern}" in the help window. The
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73 ":tnext" command can then be used to jump to other
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74 matches, "tselect" to list matches and choose one. >
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75 :help index| :tse z.
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76
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77 < When there is no argument you will see matches for
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78 "help", to avoid listing all possible matches (that
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79 would be very slow).
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80 The number of matches displayed is limited to 300.
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81
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82 This command can be followed by '|' and another
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83 command, but you don't need to escape the '|' inside a
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84 help command. So these both work: >
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85 :help |
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86 :help k| only
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87 < Note that a space before the '|' is seen as part of
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88 the ":help" argument.
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89 You can also use <LF> or <CR> to separate the help
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90 command from a following command. You need to type
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91 CTRL-V first to insert the <LF> or <CR>. Example: >
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92 :help so<C-V><CR>only
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93 < {not in Vi}
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94
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95 :h[elp]! [subject] Like ":help", but in non-English help files prefer to
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96 find a tag in a file with the same language as the
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97 current file. See |help-translated|.
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98
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99 *:helpg* *:helpgrep*
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100 :helpg[rep] {pattern}[@xx]
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101 Search all help text files and make a list of lines
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102 in which {pattern} matches. Jumps to the first match.
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103 The optional [@xx] specifies that only matches in the
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104 "xx" language are to be found.
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105 You can navigate through the matches with the
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106 |quickfix| commands, e.g., |:cnext| to jump to the
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107 next one. Or use |:cwindow| to get the list of
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108 matches in the quickfix window.
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109 {pattern} is used as a Vim regexp |pattern|.
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110 'ignorecase' is not used, add "\c" to ignore case.
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111 Example for case sensitive search: >
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112 :helpgrep Uganda
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113 < Example for case ignoring search: >
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114 :helpgrep uganda\c
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115 < Example for searching in French help: >
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116 :helpgrep backspace@fr
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117 < The pattern does not support line breaks, it must
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118 match within one line. You can use |:grep| instead,
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119 but then you need to get the list of help files in a
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120 complicated way.
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121 Cannot be followed by another command, everything is
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122 used as part of the pattern. But you can use
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123 |:execute| when needed.
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124 Compressed help files will not be searched (Fedora
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125 compresses the help files).
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126 {not in Vi}
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127
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128 *:lh* *:lhelpgrep*
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129 :lh[elpgrep] {pattern}[@xx]
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130 Same as ":helpgrep", except the location list is used
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131 instead of the quickfix list. If the help window is
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132 already opened, then the location list for that window
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133 is used. Otherwise, a new help window is opened and
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134 the location list for that window is set. The
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135 location list for the current window is not changed.
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136
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137 *:exu* *:exusage*
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138 :exu[sage] Show help on Ex commands. Added to simulate the Nvi
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139 command. {not in Vi}
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140
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141 *:viu* *:viusage*
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142 :viu[sage] Show help on Normal mode commands. Added to simulate
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143 the Nvi command. {not in Vi}
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144
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145 When no argument is given to |:help| the file given with the 'helpfile' option
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146 will be opened. Otherwise the specified tag is searched for in all "doc/tags"
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147 files in the directories specified in the 'runtimepath' option.
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148
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149 The initial height of the help window can be set with the 'helpheight' option
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150 (default 20).
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151
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152 Jump to specific subjects by using tags. This can be done in two ways:
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153 - Use the "CTRL-]" command while standing on the name of a command or option.
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154 This only works when the tag is a keyword. "<C-Leftmouse>" and
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155 "g<LeftMouse>" work just like "CTRL-]".
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156 - use the ":ta {subject}" command. This also works with non-keyword
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157 characters.
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158
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159 Use CTRL-T or CTRL-O to jump back.
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160 Use ":q" to close the help window.
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161
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162 If there are several matches for an item you are looking for, this is how you
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163 can jump to each one of them:
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164 1. Open a help window
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165 2. Use the ":tag" command with a slash prepended to the tag. E.g.: >
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166 :tag /min
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167 3. Use ":tnext" to jump to the next matching tag.
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168
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169 It is possible to add help files for plugins and other items. You don't need
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170 to change the distributed help files for that. See |add-local-help|.
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171
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172 To write a local help file, see |write-local-help|.
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173
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174 Note that the title lines from the local help files are automagically added to
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175 the "LOCAL ADDITIONS" section in the "help.txt" help file |local-additions|.
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176 This is done when viewing the file in Vim, the file itself is not changed. It
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177 is done by going through all help files and obtaining the first line of each
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178 file. The files in $VIMRUNTIME/doc are skipped.
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179
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180 *help-xterm-window*
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181 If you want to have the help in another xterm window, you could use this
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182 command: >
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183 :!xterm -e vim +help &
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184 <
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185
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186 *:helpfind* *:helpf*
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187 :helpf[ind] Like |:help|, but use a dialog to enter the argument.
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188 Only for backwards compatibility. It now executes the
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189 ToolBar.FindHelp menu entry instead of using a builtin
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190 dialog. {only when compiled with |+GUI_GTK|}
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191 {not in Vi}
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192
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193 *:helpt* *:helptags*
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194 *E154* *E150* *E151* *E152* *E153* *E670*
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195 :helpt[ags] [++t] {dir}
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196 Generate the help tags file(s) for directory {dir}.
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197 All "*.txt" and "*.??x" files in the directory and
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198 sub-directories are scanned for a help tag definition
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199 in between stars. The "*.??x" files are for
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200 translated docs, they generate the "tags-??" file, see
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201 |help-translated|. The generated tags files are
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202 sorted.
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203 When there are duplicates an error message is given.
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204 An existing tags file is silently overwritten.
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205 The optional "++t" argument forces adding the
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206 "help-tags" tag. This is also done when the {dir} is
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207 equal to $VIMRUNTIME/doc.
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208 To rebuild the help tags in the runtime directory
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209 (requires write permission there): >
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210 :helptags $VIMRUNTIME/doc
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211 < {not in Vi}
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212
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213
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214 ==============================================================================
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215 2. Translated help files *help-translated*
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216
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217 It is possible to add translated help files, next to the original English help
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218 files. Vim will search for all help in "doc" directories in 'runtimepath'.
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219 This is only available when compiled with the |+multi_lang| feature.
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220
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221 At this moment translations are available for:
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222 Chinese - multiple authors
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223 French - translated by David Blanchet
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224 Italian - translated by Antonio Colombo
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225 Japanese - multiple authors
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226 Polish - translated by Mikolaj Machowski
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227 Russian - translated by Vassily Ragosin
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228 See the Vim website to find them: http://www.vim.org/translations.php
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229
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230 A set of translated help files consists of these files:
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231
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232 help.abx
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233 howto.abx
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234 ...
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235 tags-ab
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236
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237 "ab" is the two-letter language code. Thus for Italian the names are:
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238
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239 help.itx
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240 howto.itx
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241 ...
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242 tags-it
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243
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244 The 'helplang' option can be set to the preferred language(s). The default is
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245 set according to the environment. Vim will first try to find a matching tag
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246 in the preferred language(s). English is used when it cannot be found.
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247
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248 To find a tag in a specific language, append "@ab" to a tag, where "ab" is the
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249 two-letter language code. Example: >
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250 :he user-manual@it
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251 :he user-manual@en
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252 The first one finds the Italian user manual, even when 'helplang' is empty.
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253 The second one finds the English user manual, even when 'helplang' is set to
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254 "it".
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255
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256 When using command-line completion for the ":help" command, the "@en"
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257 extension is only shown when a tag exists for multiple languages. When the
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258 tag only exists for English "@en" is omitted.
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259
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260 When using |CTRL-]| or ":help!" in a non-English help file Vim will try to
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261 find the tag in the same language. If not found then 'helplang' will be used
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262 to select a language.
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263
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264 Help files must use latin1 or utf-8 encoding. Vim assumes the encoding is
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265 utf-8 when finding non-ASCII characters in the first line. Thus you must
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266 translate the header with "For Vim version".
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267
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268 The same encoding must be used for the help files of one language in one
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269 directory. You can use a different encoding for different languages and use
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270 a different encoding for help files of the same language but in a different
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271 directory.
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272
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273 Hints for translators:
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274 - Do not translate the tags. This makes it possible to use 'helplang' to
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275 specify the preferred language. You may add new tags in your language.
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276 - When you do not translate a part of a file, add tags to the English version,
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277 using the "tag@en" notation.
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278 - Make a package with all the files and the tags file available for download.
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279 Users can drop it in one of the "doc" directories and start use it.
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280 Report this to Bram, so that he can add a link on www.vim.org.
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281 - Use the |:helptags| command to generate the tags files. It will find all
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282 languages in the specified directory.
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283
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284 ==============================================================================
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285 3. Writing help files *help-writing*
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286
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287 For ease of use, a Vim help file for a plugin should follow the format of the
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288 standard Vim help files. If you are writing a new help file it's best to copy
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289 one of the existing files and use it as a template.
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290
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291 The first line in a help file should have the following format:
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292
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293 *helpfile_name.txt* For Vim version 7.3 Last change: 2010 June 4
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294
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295 The first field is a link to the help file name. The second field describes
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296 the applicable Vim version. The last field specifies the last modification
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297 date of the file. Each field is separated by a tab.
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298
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299 At the bottom of the help file, place a Vim modeline to set the 'textwidth'
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300 and 'tabstop' options and the 'filetype' to 'help'. Never set a global option
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301 in such a modeline, that can have consequences undesired by whoever reads that
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302 help.
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303
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304
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305 TAGS
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306
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307 To define a help tag, place the name between asterisks (*tag-name*). The
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308 tag-name should be different from all the Vim help tag names and ideally
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309 should begin with the name of the Vim plugin. The tag name is usually right
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310 aligned on a line.
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311
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312 When referring to an existing help tag and to create a hot-link, place the
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313 name between two bars (|) eg. |help-writing|.
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314
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315 When referring to a Vim option in the help file, place the option name between
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316 two single quotes, eg. 'statusline'
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317
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318
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319 HIGHLIGHTING
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320
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321 To define a column heading, use a tilde character at the end of the line.
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322 This will highlight the column heading in a different color. E.g.
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323
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324 Column heading~
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325
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326 To separate sections in a help file, place a series of '=' characters in a
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327 line starting from the first column. The section separator line is highlighted
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328 differently.
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329
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330 To quote a block of ex-commands verbatim, place a greater than (>) character
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331 at the end of the line before the block and a less than (<) character as the
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332 first non-blank on a line following the block. Any line starting in column 1
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333 also implicitly stops the block of ex-commands before it. E.g. >
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334 function Example_Func()
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335 echo "Example"
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336 endfunction
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337 <
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338
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339 The following are highlighted differently in a Vim help file:
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340 - a special key name expressed either in <> notation as in <PageDown>, or
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341 as a Ctrl character as in CTRL-X
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342 - anything between {braces}, e.g. {lhs} and {rhs}
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343
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344 The word "Note", "Notes" and similar automagically receive distinctive
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345 highlighting. So do these:
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346 *Todo something to do
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347 *Error something wrong
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348
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349 You can find the details in $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/help.vim
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350
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351 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: