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1 *os_dos.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2006 Mar 30
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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7 *dos* *DOS*
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8 This file documents the common particularities of the MS-DOS and Win32
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9 versions of Vim. Also see |os_win32.txt| and |os_msdos.txt|.
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10
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11 1. File locations |dos-locations|
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12 2. Using backslashes |dos-backslash|
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13 3. Standard mappings |dos-standard-mappings|
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14 4. Screen output and colors |dos-colors|
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15 5. File formats |dos-file-formats|
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16 6. :cd command |dos-:cd|
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17 7. Interrupting |dos-CTRL-Break|
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18 8. Temp files |dos-temp-files|
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19 9. Shell option default |dos-shell|
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20
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21 ==============================================================================
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22 1. File locations *dos-locations*
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23
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24 If you keep the Vim executable in the directory that contains the help and
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25 syntax subdirectories, there is no need to do anything special for Vim to
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26 work. No registry entries or environment variables need to be set. Just make
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27 sure that the directory is in your search path, or use a shortcut on the
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28 desktop.
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29
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30 Your vimrc files ("_vimrc" and "_gvimrc") are normally located one directory
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31 up from the runtime files. If you want to put them somewhere else, set the
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32 environment variable $VIM to the directory where you keep them. Example: >
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33 set VIM=C:\user\piet
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34 Will find "c:\user\piet\_vimrc".
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35 Note: This would only be needed when the computer is used by several people.
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36 Otherwise it's simpler to keep your _vimrc file in the default place.
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37
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38 If you move the executable to another location, you also need to set the $VIM
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39 environment variable. The runtime files will be found in "$VIM/vim{version}".
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40 Example: >
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41 set VIM=E:\vim
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42 Will find the version 5.4 runtime files in "e:\vim\vim54".
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43 Note: This is _not_ recommended. The preferred way is to keep the executable
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44 in the runtime directory.
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45
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46 If you move your executable AND want to put your "_vimrc" and "_gvimrc" files
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47 somewhere else, you must set $VIM to where you vimrc files are, and set
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48 $VIMRUNTIME to the runtime files. Example: >
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49 set VIM=C:\usr\piet
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50 set VIMRUNTIME=E:\vim\vim54
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51 Will find "c:\user\piet\_vimrc" and the runtime files in "e:\vim\vim54".
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52
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53 See |$VIM| and |$VIMRUNTIME| for more information.
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54
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55 Under Windows 95, you can set $VIM in your C:\autoexec.bat file. For
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56 example: >
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57 set VIM=D:\vim
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58 Under Windows NT, you can set environment variables for each user separately
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59 under "Start/Settings/Control Panel->System", or through the properties in the
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60 menu of "My Computer", under the Environment Tab.
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61
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62 ==============================================================================
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63 2. Using backslashes *dos-backslash*
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64
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65 Using backslashes in file names can be a problem. Vi halves the number of
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66 backslashes for some commands. Vim is a bit more tolerant and does not remove
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67 backslashes from a file name, so ":e c:\foo\bar" works as expected. But when
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68 a backslash occurs before a special character (space, comma, backslash, etc.),
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69 Vim removes the backslash. Use slashes to avoid problems: ":e c:/foo/bar"
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70 works fine. Vim replaces the slashes with backslashes internally to avoid
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71 problems with some MS-DOS programs and Win32 programs.
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72
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73 When you prefer to use forward slashes, set the 'shellslash' option. Vim will
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74 then replace backslashes with forward slashes when expanding file names. This
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75 is especially useful when using a Unix-like 'shell'.
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76
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77 ==============================================================================
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78 3. Standard mappings *dos-standard-mappings*
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79
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80 The mappings for CTRL-PageUp and CTRL-PageDown have been removed, they now
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81 jump to the next or previous tab page |<C-PageUp>| |<C-PageDown>|
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82
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83 If you want them to move to the first and last screen line you can use these
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84 mappings:
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85
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86 key key code Normal/Visual mode Insert mode ~
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87 CTRL-PageUp <M-N><M-C-D> H <C-O>H
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88 CTRL-PageDown <M-N>v L$ <C-O>L<C-O>$
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89
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90 Additionally, these keys are available for copy/cut/paste. In the Win32
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91 and DJGPP versions, they also use the clipboard.
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92
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93 Shift-Insert paste text (from clipboard) *<S-Insert>*
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94 CTRL-Insert copy Visual text (to clipboard) *<C-Insert>*
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95 CTRL-Del cut Visual text (to clipboard) *<C-Del>*
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96 Shift-Del cut Visual text (to clipboard) *<S-Del>*
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97
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98 These mappings accomplish this (Win32 and DJGPP versions of Vim):
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99
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100 key key code Normal Visual Insert ~
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101 Shift-Insert <M-N><M-T> "*P "-d"*P <C-R><C-O>*
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102 CTRL-Insert <M-N><M-U> "*y
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103 Shift-Del <M-N><M-W> "*d
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104 CTRL-Del <M-N><M-X> "*d
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105
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106 Or these mappings (non-Win32 version of Vim):
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107
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108 key key code Normal Visual Insert ~
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109 Shift-Insert <M-N><M-T> P "-dP <C-R><C-O>"
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110 CTRL-Insert <M-N><M-U> y
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111 Shift-Del <M-N><M-W> d
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112 CTRL-Del <M-N><M-X> d
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113
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114 When the clipboard is supported, the "* register is used.
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115
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116 ==============================================================================
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117 4. Screen output and colors *dos-colors*
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118
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119 The default output method for the screen is to use bios calls. This works
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120 right away on most systems. You do not need ansi.sys. You can use ":mode" to
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121 set the current screen mode. See |:mode|.
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122
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123 To change the screen colors that Vim uses, you can use the |:highlight|
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124 command. The Normal highlight group specifies the colors Vim uses for normal
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125 text. For example, to get grey text on a blue background: >
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126 :hi Normal ctermbg=Blue ctermfg=grey
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127 See |highlight-groups| for other groups that are available.
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128
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129 A DOS console does not support attributes like bold and underlining. You can
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130 set the color used in five modes with nine terminal options. Note that this
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131 is not necessary since you can set the color directly with the ":highlight"
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132 command; these options are for backward compatibility with older Vim versions.
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133 The |'highlight'| option specifies which of the five modes is used for which
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134 action. >
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135
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136 :set t_mr=^V^[\|xxm start of invert mode
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137 :set t_md=^V^[\|xxm start of bold mode
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138 :set t_me=^V^[\|xxm back to normal text
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139
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140 :set t_so=^V^[\|xxm start of standout mode
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141 :set t_se=^V^[\|xxm back to normal text
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142
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143 :set t_us=^V^[\|xxm start of underline mode
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144 :set t_ue=^V^[\|xxm back to normal text
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145
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146 :set t_ZH=^V^[\|xxm start of italics mode
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147 :set t_ZR=^V^[\|xxm back to normal text
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148
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149 ^V is CTRL-V
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150 ^[ is <Esc>
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151 You must replace xx with a decimal code, which is the foreground color number
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152 and background color number added together:
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153
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154 COLOR FOREGROUND BACKGROUND ~
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155 Black 0 0
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156 DarkBlue 1 16
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157 DarkGreen 2 32
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158 DarkCyan 3 48
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159 DarkRed 4 64
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160 DarkMagenta 5 80
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161 Brown, DarkYellow 6 96
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162 LightGray 7 112
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163 DarkGray 8 128 *
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164 Blue, LightBlue 9 144 *
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165 Green, LightGreen 10 160 *
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166 Cyan, LightCyan 11 176 *
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167 Red, LightRed 12 192 *
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168 Magenta, LightMagenta 13 208 *
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169 Yellow, LightYellow 14 224 *
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170 White 15 240 *
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171
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172 * Depending on the display mode, the color codes above 128 may not be
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173 available, and code 128 will make the text blink.
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174
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175 When you use 0, the color is reset to the one used when you started Vim
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176 (usually 7, lightgray on black, but you can override this. If you have
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177 overridden the default colors in a command prompt, you may need to adjust
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178 some of the highlight colors in your vimrc---see below).
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179 This is the default for t_me.
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180
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181 The defaults for the various highlight modes are:
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182 t_mr 112 reverse mode: Black text (0) on LightGray (112)
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183 t_md 15 bold mode: White text (15) on Black (0)
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184 t_me 0 normal mode (revert to default)
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185
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186 t_so 31 standout mode: White (15) text on DarkBlue (16)
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187 t_se 0 standout mode end (revert to default)
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188
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189 t_czh 225 italic mode: DarkBlue text (1) on Yellow (224)
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190 t_czr 0 italic mode end (revert to default)
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191
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192 t_us 67 underline mode: DarkCyan text (3) on DarkRed (64)
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193 t_ue 0 underline mode end (revert to default)
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194
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195 These colors were chosen because they also look good when using an inverted
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196 display, but you can change them to your liking.
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197
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198 Example: >
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199 :set t_mr=^V^[\|97m " start of invert mode: DarkBlue (1) on Brown (96)
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200 :set t_md=^V^[\|67m " start of bold mode: DarkCyan (3) on DarkRed (64)
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201 :set t_me=^V^[\|112m " back to normal mode: Black (0) on LightGray (112)
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202
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203 :set t_so=^V^[\|37m " start of standout mode: DarkMagenta (5) on DarkGreen
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204 (32)
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205 :set t_se=^V^[\|112m " back to normal mode: Black (0) on LightGray (112)
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206
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207 ==============================================================================
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208 5. File formats *dos-file-formats*
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209
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210 If the 'fileformat' option is set to "dos" (which is the default), Vim accepts
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211 a single <NL> or a <CR><NL> pair for end-of-line (<EOL>). When writing a
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212 file, Vim uses <CR><NL>. Thus, if you edit a file and write it, Vim replaces
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213 <NL> with <CR><NL>.
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214
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215 If the 'fileformat' option is set to "unix", Vim uses a single <NL> for <EOL>
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216 and shows <CR> as ^M.
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217
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218 You can use Vim to replace <NL> with <CR><NL> by reading in any mode and
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219 writing in Dos mode (":se ff=dos").
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220 You can use Vim to replace <CR><NL> with <NL> by reading in Dos mode and
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221 writing in Unix mode (":se ff=unix").
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222
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223 Vim sets 'fileformat' automatically when 'fileformats' is not empty (which is
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224 the default), so you don't really have to worry about what you are doing.
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225 |'fileformat'| |'fileformats'|
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226
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227 If you want to edit a script file or a binary file, you should set the
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228 'binary' option before loading the file. Script files and binary files may
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229 contain single <NL> characters which Vim would replace with <CR><NL>. You can
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230 set 'binary' automatically by starting Vim with the "-b" (binary) option.
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231
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232 ==============================================================================
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233 6. :cd command *dos-:cd*
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234
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235 The ":cd" command recognizes the drive specifier and changes the current
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236 drive. Use ":cd c:" to make drive C the active drive. Use ":cd d:\foo" to go
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237 to the directory "foo" in the root of drive D. Vim also recognizes UNC names
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238 if the system supports them; e.g., ":cd \\server\share\dir". |:cd|
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239
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240 ==============================================================================
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241 7. Interrupting *dos-CTRL-Break*
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242
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243 Use CTRL-Break instead of CTRL-C to interrupt searches. Vim does not detect
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244 the CTRL-C until it tries to read a key.
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245
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246 ==============================================================================
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247 8. Temp files *dos-temp-files*
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248
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249 Only for the 16 bit and 32 bit DOS version:
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250 Vim puts temporary files (for filtering) in the first of these directories
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251 that exists and in which Vim can create a file:
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252 $TMP
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253 $TEMP
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254 C:\TMP
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255 C:\TEMP
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256 current directory
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257
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258 For the Win32 version (both console and GUI):
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259 Vim uses standard Windows functions to obtain a temporary file name (for
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260 filtering). The first of these directories that exists and in which Vim can
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261 create a file is used:
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262 $TMP
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263 $TEMP
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264 current directory
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265
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266 ==============================================================================
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267 9. Shell option default *dos-shell*
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268
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269 The default for the 'sh' ('shell') option is "command.com" on Windows 95 and
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270 "cmd.exe" on Windows NT. If SHELL is defined, Vim uses SHELL instead, and if
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271 SHELL is not defined but COMSPEC is, Vim uses COMSPEC. Vim starts external
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272 commands with "<shell> /c <command_name>". Typing CTRL-Z starts a new command
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273 subshell. Return to Vim with "exit". |'shell'| |CTRL-Z|
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274
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275 If you are running a third-party shell, you may need to set the
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276 |'shellcmdflag'| ('shcf') and |'shellquote'| ('shq') or |'shellxquote'|
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277 ('sxq') options. Unfortunately, this also depends on the version of Vim used.
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278 For example, with the MKS Korn shell or with bash, the values of the options
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279 should be:
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280
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281 DOS 16 bit DOS 32 bit Win32 ~
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282 'shellcmdflag' -c -c -c
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283 'shellquote' "
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284 'shellxquote' "
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285
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286 For Dos 16 bit this starts the shell as:
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287 <shell> -c "command name" >file
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288 For Win32 as:
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289 <shell> -c "command name >file"
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290 For DOS 32 bit, DJGPP does this internally somehow.
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291
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292 When starting up, Vim checks for the presence of "sh" anywhere in the 'shell'
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293 option. If it is present, Vim sets the 'shellcmdflag' and 'shellquote' or
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294 'shellxquote' options will be set as described above.
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295
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296 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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