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annotate runtime/doc/usr_90.txt @ 4088:cdaa688e3ddd v7.3.798
updated for version 7.3.798
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| author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 31 Jan 2013 21:09:15 +0100 |
| parents | 073ff46fe397 |
| children | 6ec6b7ff2d43 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
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1 *usr_90.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2008 Sep 10 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Installing Vim | |
| 6 | |
| 7 *install* | |
| 8 Before you can use Vim you have to install it. Depending on your system it's | |
| 9 simple or easy. This chapter gives a few hints and also explains how | |
| 10 upgrading to a new version is done. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 |90.1| Unix | |
| 13 |90.2| MS-Windows | |
| 14 |90.3| Upgrading | |
| 15 |90.4| Common installation issues | |
| 16 |90.5| Uninstalling Vim | |
| 17 | |
| 18 Previous chapter: |usr_45.txt| Select your language | |
| 19 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 20 | |
| 21 ============================================================================== | |
| 22 *90.1* Unix | |
| 23 | |
| 24 First you have to decide if you are going to install Vim system-wide or for a | |
| 25 single user. The installation is almost the same, but the directory where Vim | |
| 26 is installed in differs. | |
| 27 For a system-wide installation the base directory "/usr/local" is often | |
| 28 used. But this may be different for your system. Try finding out where other | |
| 29 packages are installed. | |
| 30 When installing for a single user, you can use your home directory as the | |
| 31 base. The files will be placed in subdirectories like "bin" and "shared/vim". | |
| 32 | |
| 33 | |
| 34 FROM A PACKAGE | |
| 35 | |
| 36 You can get precompiled binaries for many different UNIX systems. There is a | |
| 37 long list with links on this page: | |
| 38 | |
| 39 http://www.vim.org/binaries.html ~ | |
| 40 | |
| 41 Volunteers maintain the binaries, so they are often out of date. It is a | |
| 42 good idea to compile your own UNIX version from the source. Also, creating | |
| 43 the editor from the source allows you to control which features are compiled. | |
| 44 This does require a compiler though. | |
| 45 | |
| 46 If you have a Linux distribution, the "vi" program is probably a minimal | |
| 47 version of Vim. It doesn't do syntax highlighting, for example. Try finding | |
| 48 another Vim package in your distribution, or search on the web site. | |
| 49 | |
| 50 | |
| 51 FROM SOURCES | |
| 52 | |
| 53 To compile and install Vim, you will need the following: | |
| 54 | |
| 55 - A C compiler (GCC preferred) | |
| 56 - The GZIP program (you can get it from www.gnu.org) | |
| 57 - The Vim source and runtime archives | |
| 58 | |
| 59 To get the Vim archives, look in this file for a mirror near you, this should | |
| 60 provide the fastest download: | |
| 61 | |
| 62 ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS ~ | |
| 63 | |
| 64 Or use the home site ftp.vim.org, if you think it's fast enough. Go to the | |
| 65 "unix" directory and you'll find a list of files there. The version number is | |
| 66 embedded in the file name. You will want to get the most recent version. | |
| 67 You can get the files for Unix in two ways: One big archive that contains | |
| 68 everything, or four smaller ones that each fit on a floppy disk. For version | |
| 69 6.1 the single big one is called: | |
| 70 | |
| 71 vim-6.1.tar.bz2 ~ | |
| 72 | |
| 73 You need the bzip2 program to uncompress it. If you don't have it, get the | |
| 74 four smaller files, which can be uncompressed with gzip. For Vim 6.1 they are | |
| 75 called: | |
| 76 | |
| 77 vim-6.1-src1.tar.gz ~ | |
| 78 vim-6.1-src2.tar.gz ~ | |
| 79 vim-6.1-rt1.tar.gz ~ | |
| 80 vim-6.1-rt2.tar.gz ~ | |
| 81 | |
| 82 | |
| 83 COMPILING | |
| 84 | |
| 85 First create a top directory to work in, for example: > | |
| 86 | |
| 87 mkdir ~/vim | |
| 88 cd ~/vim | |
| 89 | |
| 90 Then unpack the archives there. If you have the one big archive, you unpack | |
| 91 it like this: > | |
| 92 | |
| 93 bzip2 -d -c path/vim-6.1.tar.bz2 | tar xf - | |
| 94 | |
| 95 Change "path" to where you have downloaded the file. > | |
| 96 | |
| 97 gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-src1.tar.gz | tar xf - | |
| 98 gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-src2.tar.gz | tar xf - | |
| 99 gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-rt1.tar.gz | tar xf - | |
| 100 gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-rt2.tar.gz | tar xf - | |
| 101 | |
| 102 If you are satisfied with getting the default features, and your environment | |
| 103 is setup properly, you should be able to compile Vim with just this: > | |
| 104 | |
| 105 cd vim61/src | |
| 106 make | |
| 107 | |
| 108 The make program will run configure and compile everything. Further on we | |
| 109 will explain how to compile with different features. | |
| 110 If there are errors while compiling, carefully look at the error messages. | |
| 111 There should be a hint about what went wrong. Hopefully you will be able to | |
| 112 correct it. You might have to disable some features to make Vim compile. | |
| 113 Look in the Makefile for specific hints for your system. | |
| 114 | |
| 115 | |
| 116 TESTING | |
| 117 | |
| 118 Now you can check if compiling worked OK: > | |
| 119 | |
| 120 make test | |
| 121 | |
| 122 This will run a sequence of test scripts to verify that Vim works as expected. | |
| 123 Vim will be started many times and all kinds of text and messages flash by. | |
| 124 If it is alright you will finally see: | |
| 125 | |
| 126 test results: ~ | |
| 127 ALL DONE ~ | |
| 128 | |
|
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129 If you get "TEST FAILURE" some test failed. If there are one or two messages |
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130 about failed tests, Vim might still work, but not perfectly. If you see a lot |
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131 of error messages or Vim doesn't finish until the end, there must be something |
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132 wrong. Either try to find out yourself, or find someone who can solve it. |
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133 You could look in the |maillist-archive| for a solution. If everything else |
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134 fails, you could ask in the vim |maillist| if someone can help you. |
| 7 | 135 |
| 136 | |
| 137 INSTALLING | |
| 138 *install-home* | |
| 139 If you want to install in your home directory, edit the Makefile and search | |
| 140 for a line: | |
| 141 | |
| 142 #prefix = $(HOME) ~ | |
| 143 | |
| 144 Remove the # at the start of the line. | |
| 145 When installing for the whole system, Vim has most likely already selected | |
| 146 a good installation directory for you. You can also specify one, see below. | |
| 147 You need to become root for the following. | |
| 148 | |
| 149 To install Vim do: > | |
| 150 | |
| 151 make install | |
| 152 | |
| 153 That should move all the relevant files to the right place. Now you can try | |
| 154 running vim to verify that it works. Use two simple tests to check if Vim can | |
| 155 find its runtime files: > | |
| 156 | |
| 157 :help | |
| 158 :syntax enable | |
| 159 | |
| 160 If this doesn't work, use this command to check where Vim is looking for the | |
| 161 runtime files: > | |
| 162 | |
| 163 :echo $VIMRUNTIME | |
| 164 | |
| 165 You can also start Vim with the "-V" argument to see what happens during | |
| 166 startup: > | |
| 167 | |
| 168 vim -V | |
| 169 | |
| 170 Don't forget that the user manual assumes you Vim in a certain way. After | |
| 171 installing Vim, follow the instructions at |not-compatible| to make Vim work | |
| 172 as assumed in this manual. | |
| 173 | |
| 174 | |
| 175 SELECTING FEATURES | |
| 176 | |
| 177 Vim has many ways to select features. One of the simple ways is to edit the | |
| 178 Makefile. There are many directions and examples. Often you can enable or | |
| 179 disable a feature by uncommenting a line. | |
| 180 An alternative is to run "configure" separately. This allows you to | |
| 181 specify configuration options manually. The disadvantage is that you have to | |
| 182 figure out what exactly to type. | |
| 183 Some of the most interesting configure arguments follow. These can also be | |
| 184 enabled from the Makefile. | |
| 185 | |
| 186 --prefix={directory} Top directory where to install Vim. | |
| 187 | |
| 188 --with-features=tiny Compile with many features disabled. | |
| 189 --with-features=small Compile with some features disabled. | |
| 190 --with-features=big Compile with more features enabled. | |
| 191 --with-features=huge Compile with most features enabled. | |
| 192 See |+feature-list| for which feature | |
| 193 is enabled in which case. | |
| 194 | |
| 195 --enable-perlinterp Enable the Perl interface. There are | |
| 196 similar arguments for ruby, python and | |
| 197 tcl. | |
| 198 | |
| 199 --disable-gui Do not compile the GUI interface. | |
| 200 --without-x Do not compile X-windows features. | |
| 201 When both of these are used, Vim will | |
| 202 not connect to the X server, which | |
| 203 makes startup faster. | |
| 204 | |
| 205 To see the whole list use: > | |
| 206 | |
| 207 ./configure --help | |
| 208 | |
| 209 You can find a bit of explanation for each feature, and links for more | |
| 210 information here: |feature-list|. | |
| 211 For the adventurous, edit the file "feature.h". You can also change the | |
| 212 source code yourself! | |
| 213 | |
| 214 ============================================================================== | |
| 215 *90.2* MS-Windows | |
| 216 | |
| 217 There are two ways to install the Vim program for Microsoft Windows. You can | |
| 218 uncompress several archives, or use a self-installing big archive. Most users | |
| 219 with fairly recent computers will prefer the second method. For the first | |
| 220 one, you will need: | |
| 221 | |
| 222 - An archive with binaries for Vim. | |
| 223 - The Vim runtime archive. | |
| 224 - A program to unpack the zip files. | |
| 225 | |
| 226 To get the Vim archives, look in this file for a mirror near you, this should | |
| 227 provide the fastest download: | |
| 228 | |
| 229 ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS ~ | |
| 230 | |
| 231 Or use the home site ftp.vim.org, if you think it's fast enough. Go to the | |
| 232 "pc" directory and you'll find a list of files there. The version number is | |
| 233 embedded in the file name. You will want to get the most recent version. | |
| 234 We will use "61" here, which is version 6.1. | |
| 235 | |
| 236 gvim61.exe The self-installing archive. | |
| 237 | |
| 238 This is all you need for the second method. Just launch the executable, and | |
| 239 follow the prompts. | |
| 240 | |
| 241 For the first method you must chose one of the binary archives. These are | |
| 242 available: | |
| 243 | |
| 244 gvim61.zip The normal MS-Windows GUI version. | |
| 245 gvim61ole.zip The MS-Windows GUI version with OLE support. | |
| 246 Uses more memory, supports interfacing with | |
| 247 other OLE applications. | |
| 248 vim61w32.zip 32 bit MS-Windows console version. For use in | |
| 249 a Win NT/2000/XP console. Does not work well | |
| 250 on Win 95/98. | |
| 251 vim61d32.zip 32 bit MS-DOS version. For use in the | |
| 252 Win 95/98 console window. | |
| 253 vim61d16.zip 16 bit MS-DOS version. Only for old systems. | |
| 254 Does not support long filenames. | |
| 255 | |
| 256 You only need one of them. Although you could install both a GUI and a | |
| 257 console version. You always need to get the archive with runtime files. | |
| 258 | |
| 259 vim61rt.zip The runtime files. | |
| 260 | |
| 261 Use your un-zip program to unpack the files. For example, using the "unzip" | |
| 262 program: > | |
| 263 | |
| 264 cd c:\ | |
| 265 unzip path\gvim61.zip | |
| 266 unzip path\vim61rt.zip | |
| 267 | |
| 268 This will unpack the files in the directory "c:\vim\vim61". If you already | |
| 269 have a "vim" directory somewhere, you will want to move to the directory just | |
| 270 above it. | |
| 271 Now change to the "vim\vim61" directory and run the install program: > | |
| 272 | |
| 273 install | |
| 274 | |
| 275 Carefully look through the messages and select the options you want to use. | |
| 276 If you finally select "do it" the install program will carry out the actions | |
| 277 you selected. | |
| 278 The install program doesn't move the runtime files. They remain where you | |
| 279 unpacked them. | |
| 280 | |
| 281 In case you are not satisfied with the features included in the supplied | |
| 282 binaries, you could try compiling Vim yourself. Get the source archive from | |
| 283 the same location as where the binaries are. You need a compiler for which a | |
| 284 makefile exists. Microsoft Visual C works, but is expensive. The Free | |
| 285 Borland command-line compiler 5.5 can be used, as well as the free MingW and | |
| 286 Cygwin compilers. Check the file src/INSTALLpc.txt for hints. | |
| 287 | |
| 288 ============================================================================== | |
| 289 *90.3* Upgrading | |
| 290 | |
| 291 If you are running one version of Vim and want to install another, here is | |
| 292 what to do. | |
| 293 | |
| 294 | |
| 295 UNIX | |
| 296 | |
| 297 When you type "make install" the runtime files will be copied to a directory | |
| 298 which is specific for this version. Thus they will not overwrite a previous | |
| 299 version. This makes it possible to use two or more versions next to | |
| 300 each other. | |
| 301 The executable "vim" will overwrite an older version. If you don't care | |
| 302 about keeping the old version, running "make install" will work fine. You can | |
| 303 delete the old runtime files manually. Just delete the directory with the | |
| 304 version number in it and all files below it. Example: > | |
| 305 | |
| 306 rm -rf /usr/local/share/vim/vim58 | |
| 307 | |
| 308 There are normally no changed files below this directory. If you did change | |
| 309 the "filetype.vim" file, for example, you better merge the changes into the | |
| 310 new version before deleting it. | |
| 311 | |
| 312 If you are careful and want to try out the new version for a while before | |
| 313 switching to it, install the new version under another name. You need to | |
| 314 specify a configure argument. For example: > | |
| 315 | |
| 316 ./configure --with-vim-name=vim6 | |
| 317 | |
| 318 Before running "make install", you could use "make -n install" to check that | |
| 319 no valuable existing files are overwritten. | |
| 320 When you finally decide to switch to the new version, all you need to do is | |
| 321 to rename the binary to "vim". For example: > | |
| 322 | |
| 323 mv /usr/local/bin/vim6 /usr/local/bin/vim | |
| 324 | |
| 325 | |
| 326 MS-WINDOWS | |
| 327 | |
| 328 Upgrading is mostly equal to installing a new version. Just unpack the files | |
| 329 in the same place as the previous version. A new directory will be created, | |
| 330 e.g., "vim61", for the files of the new version. Your runtime files, vimrc | |
| 331 file, viminfo, etc. will be left alone. | |
| 332 If you want to run the new version next to the old one, you will have to do | |
| 333 some handwork. Don't run the install program, it will overwrite a few files | |
| 334 of the old version. Execute the new binaries by specifying the full path. | |
| 335 The program should be able to automatically find the runtime files for the | |
| 336 right version. However, this won't work if you set the $VIMRUNTIME variable | |
| 337 somewhere. | |
| 338 If you are satisfied with the upgrade, you can delete the files of the | |
| 339 previous version. See |90.5|. | |
| 340 | |
| 341 ============================================================================== | |
| 342 *90.4* Common installation issues | |
| 343 | |
| 344 This section describes some of the common problems that occur when installing | |
| 345 Vim and suggests some solutions. It also contains answers to many | |
| 346 installation questions. | |
| 347 | |
| 348 | |
| 349 Q: I Do Not Have Root Privileges. How Do I Install Vim? (Unix) | |
| 350 | |
| 351 Use the following configuration command to install Vim in a directory called | |
| 352 $HOME/vim: > | |
| 353 | |
| 354 ./configure --prefix=$HOME | |
| 355 | |
| 356 This gives you a personal copy of Vim. You need to put $HOME/bin in your | |
| 357 path to execute the editor. Also see |install-home|. | |
| 358 | |
| 359 | |
| 360 Q: The Colors Are Not Right on My Screen. (Unix) | |
| 361 | |
| 362 Check your terminal settings by using the following command in a shell: > | |
| 363 | |
| 364 echo $TERM | |
| 365 | |
| 366 If the terminal type listed is not correct, fix it. For more hints, see | |
| 367 |06.2|. Another solution is to always use the GUI version of Vim, called | |
| 368 gvim. This avoids the need for a correct terminal setup. | |
| 369 | |
| 370 | |
| 371 Q: My Backspace And Delete Keys Don't Work Right | |
| 372 | |
| 373 The definition of what key sends what code is very unclear for backspace <BS> | |
| 374 and Delete <Del> keys. First of all, check your $TERM setting. If there is | |
| 375 nothing wrong with it, try this: > | |
| 376 | |
| 377 :set t_kb=^V<BS> | |
| 378 :set t_kD=^V<Del> | |
| 379 | |
| 380 In the first line you need to press CTRL-V and then hit the backspace key. | |
| 381 In the second line you need to press CTRL-V and then hit the Delete key. | |
| 382 You can put these lines in your vimrc file, see |05.1|. A disadvantage is | |
| 383 that it won't work when you use another terminal some day. Look here for | |
| 384 alternate solutions: |:fixdel|. | |
| 385 | |
| 386 | |
| 387 Q: I Am Using RedHat Linux. Can I Use the Vim That Comes with the System? | |
| 388 | |
| 389 By default RedHat installs a minimal version of Vim. Check your RPM packages | |
| 390 for something named "Vim-enhanced-version.rpm" and install that. | |
| 391 | |
| 392 | |
| 393 Q: How Do I Turn Syntax Coloring On? How do I make plugins work? | |
| 394 | |
| 395 Use the example vimrc script. You can find an explanation on how to use it | |
| 396 here: |not-compatible|. | |
| 397 | |
| 398 See chapter 6 for information about syntax highlighting: |usr_06.txt|. | |
| 399 | |
| 400 | |
| 401 Q: What Is a Good vimrc File to Use? | |
| 402 | |
| 403 See the www.vim.org Web site for several good examples. | |
| 404 | |
| 405 | |
| 406 Q: Where Do I Find a Good Vim Plugin? | |
| 407 | |
| 408 See the Vim-online site: http://vim.sf.net. Many users have uploaded useful | |
| 409 Vim scripts and plugins there. | |
| 410 | |
| 411 | |
| 412 Q: Where Do I Find More Tips? | |
| 413 | |
| 414 See the Vim-online site: http://vim.sf.net. There is an archive with hints | |
| 415 from Vim users. You might also want to search in the |maillist-archive|. | |
| 416 | |
| 417 ============================================================================== | |
| 418 *90.5* Uninstalling Vim | |
| 419 | |
| 420 In the unlikely event you want to uninstall Vim completely, this is how you do | |
| 421 it. | |
| 422 | |
| 423 | |
| 424 UNIX | |
| 425 | |
| 426 When you installed Vim as a package, check your package manager to find out | |
| 427 how to remove the package again. | |
| 428 If you installed Vim from sources you can use this command: > | |
| 429 | |
| 430 make uninstall | |
| 431 | |
| 432 However, if you have deleted the original files or you used an archive that | |
| 433 someone supplied, you can't do this. Do delete the files manually, here is an | |
| 434 example for when "/usr/local" was used as the root: > | |
| 435 | |
| 436 rm -rf /usr/local/share/vim/vim61 | |
| 437 rm /usr/local/bin/eview | |
| 438 rm /usr/local/bin/evim | |
| 439 rm /usr/local/bin/ex | |
| 440 rm /usr/local/bin/gview | |
| 441 rm /usr/local/bin/gvim | |
| 442 rm /usr/local/bin/gvim | |
| 443 rm /usr/local/bin/gvimdiff | |
| 444 rm /usr/local/bin/rgview | |
| 445 rm /usr/local/bin/rgvim | |
| 446 rm /usr/local/bin/rview | |
| 447 rm /usr/local/bin/rvim | |
| 448 rm /usr/local/bin/rvim | |
| 449 rm /usr/local/bin/view | |
| 450 rm /usr/local/bin/vim | |
| 451 rm /usr/local/bin/vimdiff | |
| 452 rm /usr/local/bin/vimtutor | |
| 453 rm /usr/local/bin/xxd | |
| 454 rm /usr/local/man/man1/eview.1 | |
| 455 rm /usr/local/man/man1/evim.1 | |
| 456 rm /usr/local/man/man1/ex.1 | |
| 457 rm /usr/local/man/man1/gview.1 | |
| 458 rm /usr/local/man/man1/gvim.1 | |
| 459 rm /usr/local/man/man1/gvimdiff.1 | |
| 460 rm /usr/local/man/man1/rgview.1 | |
| 461 rm /usr/local/man/man1/rgvim.1 | |
| 462 rm /usr/local/man/man1/rview.1 | |
| 463 rm /usr/local/man/man1/rvim.1 | |
| 464 rm /usr/local/man/man1/view.1 | |
| 465 rm /usr/local/man/man1/vim.1 | |
| 466 rm /usr/local/man/man1/vimdiff.1 | |
| 467 rm /usr/local/man/man1/vimtutor.1 | |
| 468 rm /usr/local/man/man1/xxd.1 | |
| 469 | |
| 470 | |
| 471 MS-WINDOWS | |
| 472 | |
| 473 If you installed Vim with the self-installing archive you can run | |
| 474 the "uninstall-gui" program located in the same directory as the other Vim | |
| 475 programs, e.g. "c:\vim\vim61". You can also launch it from the Start menu if | |
| 476 installed the Vim entries there. This will remove most of the files, menu | |
| 477 entries and desktop shortcuts. Some files may remain however, as they need a | |
| 478 Windows restart before being deleted. | |
| 479 You will be given the option to remove the whole "vim" directory. It | |
| 480 probably contains your vimrc file and other runtime files that you created, so | |
| 481 be careful. | |
| 482 | |
| 483 Else, if you installed Vim with the zip archives, the preferred way is to use | |
| 484 the "uninstal" program (note the missing l at the end). You can find it in | |
| 485 the same directory as the "install" program, e.g., "c:\vim\vim61". This | |
| 486 should also work from the usual "install/remove software" page. | |
| 487 However, this only removes the registry entries for Vim. You have to | |
| 488 delete the files yourself. Simply select the directory "vim\vim61" and delete | |
| 489 it recursively. There should be no files there that you changed, but you | |
| 490 might want to check that first. | |
| 491 The "vim" directory probably contains your vimrc file and other runtime | |
| 492 files that you created. You might want to keep that. | |
| 493 | |
| 494 ============================================================================== | |
| 495 | |
| 496 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 497 | |
| 498 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |