annotate runtime/doc/xxd-ru.UTF-8.1 @ 3877:cd6c420e31d6 v7.3.695

updated for version 7.3.695 Problem: Balloon cannot show multi-byte text. Solution: Properly deal with multi-byte characters. (Dominique Pelle)
author Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
date Sun, 21 Oct 2012 00:58:39 +0200
parents e63691e7c504
children 33cbd544dc46
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221
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1 .TH XXD 1 "August 1996" "Страница man для xxd"
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2 .\"
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3 .\" 21st May 1996
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4 .\" Man page author:
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5 .\" Tony Nugent <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
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6 .\" Changes by Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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7 .SH ИМЯ
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8 .I xxd
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9 \- создаёт представление файла в виде шестнадцатеричных кодов или выполняет
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10 обратное преобразование.
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11 .SH КОМАНДНАЯ СТРОКА
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12 .B xxd
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13 \-h[elp]
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14 .br
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15 .B xxd
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16 [ключи] [входной_файл [выходной_файл]]
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17 .br
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18 .B xxd
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19 \-r[evert] [ключи] [входной_файл [выходной_файл]]
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20 .SH ОПИСАНИЕ
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21 .I xxd
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22 создаёт представление указанного файла или данных, прочитанных из потока
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23 стандартного ввода, в виде шестнадцатеричных кодов. Эта команда также может
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24 выполнить обратное преобразование заданных шестнадцатеричными кодами данных
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25 в исходный бинарный формат.
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26 Подобно командам
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27 .BR uuencode(1)
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28 и
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29 .BR uudecode(1),
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30 она позволяет выполнять преобразование бинарных данных в ASCII-код,
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31 который можно передавать по электронной почте, однако, помимо этого, программа
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32 xxd позволяет выполнять декодирование в поток стандартного вывода,
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33 а также может применяться для создания заплаток для бинарных файлов.
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34 .SH КЛЮЧИ ЗАПУСКА
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35 Если
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36 .I входной_файл
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37 не задан, то соответствующие данные читаются из потока стандартного ввода.
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38 В случае, если в качестве
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39 .I входного_файла
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40 используется символ
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41 .RB \` \- ',
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42 источником данных также выступает поток стандартного ввода.
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43 В том случае, если не указан
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44 .I выходной_файл
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45 (или вместо него используется символ
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46 .RB \` \- '
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47 ), результат преобразования направляется в поток стандартного вывода.
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48 .PP
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49 Обратите внимание, что используется "ленивый" алгоритм разбора ключей, который не
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50 проверяет более одной буквы ключа, если в этом ключе не используется параметр.
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51 Пробелы между единственным символом ключа и соответствующим параметром не являются
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52 обязательными. Параметры ключей могут быть заданы с использованием десятичного,
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53 шестнадцатеричного или восьмеричного формата.
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54 Таким образом, ключи
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55 .BR \-c8 ,
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56 .BR "\-c 8" ,
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57 .B \-c 010
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58 и
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59 .B \-cols 8
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60 являются равнозначными.
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61 .PP
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62 .TP
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63 .IR \-a " | " \-autoskip
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64 Включает автоматический пропуск: вместо последовательности
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65 нулевых строк используется одиночный символ '*'. По умолчанию
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66 не применяется.
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67 .TP
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68 .IR \-b " | " \-bits
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69 Вместо шестнадцатеричного кода используются биты (двоичные цифры).
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70 При использовании этого ключа вместо обычного шестнадцатеричного представления
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71 октетов используются наборы из восьми символов "1" и "0". Каждая строка
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72 предваряется номером строки в шестнадцатеричном виде, а завершается символьным
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73 представлением (в виде ascii или ebcdic). Ключи \-r, \-p, \-i в этом режиме
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74 не работают.
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75 .TP
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76 .IR "\-c кол " | " \-cols кол"
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77 Задаёт количество октетов
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78 .RI < кол >,
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79 которое выводится на каждой строке. По умолчанию используется значение 16
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80 (\-i: 12, \-ps: 30, \-b: 6).
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81 Максимально допустимое значение: 256.
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82 .TP
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83 .IR \-E " | " \-EBCDIC
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84 Изменяет способ кодирования символов в правой колонке с ASCII на EBCDIC. Этот ключ
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85 не изменяет шестнадцатеричное представление. Данный ключ не имеет смысла,
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86 если используются ключи \-r, \-p или \-i.
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87 .TP
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88 .IR "\-g байт " | " \-groupsize байт"
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89 Позволяет выполнять группировку указанного количества
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90 .RI < байтов >
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91 (две шестнадцатеричные цифры или восемь битов), отделяя группы друг от друга пробелами.
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92 Значение
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93 .I \-g 0
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94 применяется для отказа от использования группировки.
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95 По умолчанию используется значение
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96 .RI < байт "> равное " 2
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97 в обычном режиме и \fI1\fP в битовом режиме. Группировка не применяется
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98 в режимах postscript и include.
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99 .TP
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100 .IR \-h " | " \-help
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101 Выводит справку по доступным ключам командной строки и завершает работу программы.
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102 Создание шестнадцатеричного представления не выполняется.
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103 .TP
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104 .IR \-i " | " \-include
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105 Позволяет создавать вывод в стиле подключаемых заголовочных файлов языка C.
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106 Вывод содержит полноценное определение статического массива данных, имя которого
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107 соответствует имени входного файла, если xxd не считывает данные из потока стандартного
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108 ввода.
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109 .TP
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110 .IR "\-l длина " | " \-len длина"
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111 Завершает работу после записи заданного в параметре
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112 .RI < длина >
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113 количества октетов.
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114 .TP
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115 .IR \-p " | " \-ps " | " \-postscript " | " \-plain
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116 Использует непрерывный формат вывода шестнадцатеричного кода,
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117 известный как "простой" стиль или стиль "postscript".
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118 .TP
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119 .IR \-r " | " \-revert
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120 Изменяет смысл операции на противоположный: позволяет выполнять преобразование
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121 шестнадцатеричного представления в бинарный код (или применять результат в качестве заплаты).
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122 Если вывод происходит не в поток стандартного вывода, то xxd выполняет добавление кода
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123 к соответствующему файлу. При использовании комбинации ключей
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124 .I \-r \-p
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125 происходит чтение "простого" шестнадцатеричного представления без использования
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126 информации о номерах строк и какого-либо специального раскроя колонок. Пробелы
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127 и символы новой строки могут встречаться в любом месте исходных данных.
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128 .TP
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129 .I \-seek смещение
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130 При использовании после ключа
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131 .I \-r
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132 : добавлять указанное
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133 .RI < смещение >
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134 к файловым позициям, обнаруженным в исходных данных.
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135 .TP
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136 .I \-s [\+][\-]seek
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137 Начинает работу с указанного абсолютного (или относительного)
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138 .RI < смещения >
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139 в байтах во входном_файле.
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140 \fI\+ \fRуказывает, что смещение является относительным по отношению
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141 к текущей файловой позиции в потоке стандартного ввода (бессмысленно, если чтение
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142 происходит не из потока стандартного ввода). \fI\- \fRуказывает, что должно быть прочитано
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143 указанное количество символов от конца ввода (либо, если сочетается с \fI \+ \fR:
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144 перед текущей позиции файла в потоке стандартного ввода).
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145 Если ключ \-s не используется, то xxd начинает работу от текущей позиции в файле.
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146 .TP
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147 .I \-u
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148 Использует шестнадцатеричные цифры в верхнем регистре. По умолчанию используются цифры в
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149 нижнем регистре символов.
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150 .TP
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151 .IR \-v " | " \-version
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152 Отображает информацию о версии программы.
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153 .SH ПОДВОДНЫЕ КАМНИ
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154 .PP
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155 .I xxd \-r
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
156 обладает встроенным интеллектом для распознавания информации о номерах строк.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
157 Если возможен поиск по входному файлу, то номера строк в начале каждой строки
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
158 шестнадцатеричного представления могут быть неупорядоченными, некоторые строки могут
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
159 быть пропущены или пересекаться друг с другом. В этих случаях xxd использует
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
160 lseek(2) для перехода к следующей позиции. Если поиск по входному файлу
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
161 невозможен, то допустимы только пропуски строк, которые заполняются нулевыми
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vimboss
parents:
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162 байтами.
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vimboss
parents:
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163 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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164 .I xxd \-r
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vimboss
parents:
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165 никогда не выводит сообщений об ошибках. Мусор пропускается молча.
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vimboss
parents:
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166 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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167 При редактировании шестнадцатеричных представлений бинарных файлов обращайте
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vimboss
parents:
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168 внимание, что
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vimboss
parents:
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169 .I xxd \-r
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vimboss
parents:
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170 пропускает в строке ввода любые данные после прочтения достаточного количества
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vimboss
parents:
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171 колонок шестнадцатеричных данных (см. ключ \-c). Это означает, что изменения,
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vimboss
parents:
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172 внесенные в колонки с печатными символами ascii (или ebcdic), всегда игнорируются.
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vimboss
parents:
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173 При обратном преобразовании шестнадцатеричного представления в стиле
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vimboss
parents:
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174 postscript с помощью команды xxd \-r \-p количество колонок не учитывается.
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vimboss
parents:
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175 В этом случае распознаются все символы, которые похожи на пары шестнадцатеричных цифр.
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vimboss
parents:
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176 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
177 Обратите внимание на различие между командами
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vimboss
parents:
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178 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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179 \fI% xxd \-i файл\fR
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vimboss
parents:
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180 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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181 и
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vimboss
parents:
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182 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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183 \fI% xxd \-i \< файл\fR
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vimboss
parents:
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184 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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185 Команда
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vimboss
parents:
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186 .I xxd \-s \+seek
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
187 может отличаться от
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vimboss
parents:
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188 .I xxd \-s seek,
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vimboss
parents:
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189 поскольку для того, чтобы "отмотать" данные на входе назад, используется вызов lseek(2).
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vimboss
parents:
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190 При использовании `+' поведение будет отличаться, если входные данные
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vimboss
parents:
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191 поступают с потока стандартного ввода, а позиция в файле стандартного ввода не находится
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vimboss
parents:
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192 в начале файла к тому моменту, когда программа xxd запущена и приступает к чтению ввода.
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vimboss
parents:
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193 Нижеследующие примеры помогут прояснить (или ещё больше запутать!) ситуацию...
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vimboss
parents:
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194 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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195 Отмотка назад потока стандартного ввода; необходимо, поскольку 'cat' уже выполнила
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vimboss
parents:
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196 чтение до конца потока стандартного ввода:
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vimboss
parents:
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197 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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198 \fI% sh \-c 'cat > plain_copy; xxd \-s 0 > hex_copy' < file
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vimboss
parents:
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199 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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200 Вывод шестнадцатеричного представления от позиции в файле 0x480
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vimboss
parents:
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201 (= 1024+128).
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vimboss
parents:
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202 Символ `+' означает "относительно текущей позиции", таким образом `128' добавляется
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vimboss
parents:
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203 к первому килобайту, где завершает работу dd:
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vimboss
parents:
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204 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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205 \fI% sh \-c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +128 > hex_snippet' < file
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vimboss
parents:
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206 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
207 Вывод шестнадцатеричного представления от позиции в файле 0x100
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
208 (= 1024-768):
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vimboss
parents:
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209 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
210 \fI% sh \-c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +-768 > hex_snippet' < file
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vimboss
parents:
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211 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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212 В то же время, следует заметить, что подобные ситуации встречаются довольно редко,
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vimboss
parents:
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213 так что символ `+' обычно не используется. Автор предпочитает наблюдать за работой
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vimboss
parents:
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214 xxd с помощью strace(1) или truss(1) в тех случаях, когда применяется ключ
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
215 \-s.
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vimboss
parents:
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216 .SH ПРИМЕРЫ
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vimboss
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217 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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218 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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219 Вывести всё, кроме первых трёх строк (0x30 байтов) файла
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vimboss
parents:
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220 .B file
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
221 :
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vimboss
parents:
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222 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
223 \fI% xxd \-s 0x30 file
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
224 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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225 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
226 Вывести три строки (0x30 байтов) от конца файла
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
227 .B file
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
228 :
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
229 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
230 \fI% xxd \-s \-0x30 file
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
231 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
232 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
233 Вывести 120 байтов в виде непрерывного шестнадцатеричного представления
1121
e63691e7c504 updated for version 7.1a
vimboss
parents: 221
diff changeset
234 по 20 октетов в строке:
221
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vimboss
parents:
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235 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
236 \fI% xxd \-l 120 \-ps \-c 20 xxd.1\fR
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
237 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
238 2e544820585844203120224d616e75616c207061
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
239 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
240 676520666f7220787864220a2e5c220a2e5c2220
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
241 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
242 32317374204d617920313939360a2e5c22204d61
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
243 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
244 6e207061676520617574686f723a0a2e5c222020
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
245 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
246 2020546f6e79204e7567656e74203c746f6e7940
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
247 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
248 7363746e7567656e2e7070702e67752e6564752e
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
249 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
250 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
251 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
252 Вывести первые 120 байтов этой страницы справочника по 12 октетов в строке:
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vimboss
parents:
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253 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
254 \fI% xxd \-l 120 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
255 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
256 0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 224d .TH XXD 1 "M
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
257 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
258 000000c: 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 2066 anual page f
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vimboss
parents:
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259 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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260 0000018: 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c 220a or xxd"..\\".
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
261 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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262 0000024: 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d 6179 .\\" 21st May
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
263 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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264 0000030: 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 4d61 1996..\\" Ma
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
265 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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266 000003c: 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 686f n page autho
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
267 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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268 0000048: 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 546f r:..\\" To
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
269 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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270 0000054: 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 3c74 ny Nugent <t
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
271 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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272 0000060: 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 656e ony@sctnugen
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vimboss
parents:
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273 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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274 000006c: 2e70 7070 2e67 752e 6564 752e .ppp.gu.edu.
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vimboss
parents:
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275 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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276 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
277 Показать дату из файла xxd.1:
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vimboss
parents:
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278 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
279 \fI% xxd \-s 0x28 \-l 12 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
280 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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281 0000028: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 21st May 199
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
282 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
283 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
284 Скопировать
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
285 .B входной_файл
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vimboss
parents:
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286 в
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vimboss
parents:
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287 .B выходной_файл
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
288 с добавлением 100 байтов со значением 0x00 в начало файла:
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vimboss
parents:
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289 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
290 \fI% xxd входной_файл | xxd \-r \-s 100 \> выходной_файл\fR
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vimboss
parents:
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291 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
292 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
293 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
294 Заменить дату в файле xxd.1:
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
295 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
296 \fI% echo '0000029: 3574 68' | xxd \-r \- xxd.1\fR
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
297 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
298 \fI% xxd \-s 0x28 \-l 12 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
299 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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300 0000028: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 25th May 199
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
301 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
302 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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303 Создать 65537-байтный файл, все байты которого имеют значение
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vimboss
parents:
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304 0x00, кроме последнего байта, который должен иметь значение 'A'
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
305 (0x41):
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
306 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
307 \fI% echo '010000: 41' | xxd \-r \> file\fR
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
308 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
309 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
310 Создать шестнадцатеричное представление этого файла с
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vimboss
parents:
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311 использованием автоматического пропуска:
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vimboss
parents:
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312 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
313 \fI% xxd \-a \-c 12 file\fR
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
314 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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315 0000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ............
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vimboss
parents:
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316 .br
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vimboss
parents:
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317 *
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vimboss
parents:
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318 .br
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
319 000fffc: 0000 0000 40 ....A
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vimboss
parents:
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320 .PP
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vimboss
parents:
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321 Создать 1-байтный файл, содержащий символ 'A'.
7fd4b5df33be updated for version 7.0062
vimboss
parents:
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322 Число после '\-r \-s' добавляется к номерам строк, найденным в файле;
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
323 иначе говоря, предшествующие байты пропускаются:
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324 .PP
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325 \fI% echo '010000: 41' | xxd \-r \-s \-0x10000 \> file\fR
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326 .PP
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327 xxd можно использовать в качестве фильтра в редакторе, например в
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328 .B vim(1),
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329 чтобы создать шестнадцатеричное представление области между
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330 отметками `a' и `z':
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331 .PP
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332 \fI:'a,'z!xxd\fR
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333 .PP
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334 Вы можете использовать xxd в качестве фильтра в редакторе, например в
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335 .B vim(1),
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336 для восстановления данных из шестнадцатеричного представления
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337 между отметками `a' и `z':
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338 .PP
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339 \fI:'a,'z!xxd \-r\fR
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340 .PP
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341 Вы можете использовать xxd в качестве фильтра в редакторе, например в
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342 .B vim(1),
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343 для восстановления данных из единственной строки
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344 шестнадцатеричного представления. Поместите курсор в соответствующую строку
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345 и наберите
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346 .PP
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347 \fI!!xxd \-r\fR
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348 .PP
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349 Чтобы прочитать единственный символ из канала связи:
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350 .PP
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351 \fI% xxd \-c1 < /dev/term/b &\fR
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352 .br
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353 \fI% stty < /dev/term/b \-echo \-opost \-isig \-icanon min 1\fR
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354 .br
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355 \fI% echo \-n foo > /dev/term/b\fR
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356 .PP
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357 .SH ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ
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358 Программа xxd завершает работу со следующими значениями:
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359 .TP
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360 0
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361 Ошибки не обнаружены.
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362 .TP
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363 \-1
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364 Операция не поддерживается (выполнение
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365 .I xxd \-r \-i
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366 пока невозможно).
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367 .TP
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368 1
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369 Ошибка при разборе ключей командной строки.
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370 .TP
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371 2
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372 Проблемы во входном файле.
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373 .TP
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374 3
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375 Проблемы в выходном файле.
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376 .TP
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377 4,5
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378 Желательная позиция поиска недостижима.
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379 .SH СМОТРИ ТАКЖЕ
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380 uuencode(1), uudecode(1), patch(1)
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381 .br
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382 .SH ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ
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383 Странность этой программы соответствует особенностям мозга её создателя.
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384 Используйте её на свой страх и риск. Копируйте файлы, отслеживайте
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385 вызовы, становитесь волшебником.
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386 .br
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387 .SH ВЕРСИЯ
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388 Эта страница справочника документирует xxd версии 1.7.
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389 .SH АВТОР
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390 .br
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391 (c) 1990-1997 Юрген Вайгерт (Juergen Weigert)
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392 .br
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393 <jnweiger@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
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394 .LP
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395 Вы можете свободно распространять программу со ссылкой на меня.
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396 .br
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397 Если использование этой программы принесло вам какой-то доход,
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398 поделитесь со мной.
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399 .br
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400 Если вы потеряли деньги, то я тут не причём.
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401 .PP
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402 Первый вариант страницы справочника написан Тони Наджентом (Tony Nugent)
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403 .br
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404 <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
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405 .br
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406 Небольшие изменения внесены Брамом Мооленааром (Bram Moolenaar).
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407 Страница отредактирована Юргеном Вайгертом (Juergen Weigert).
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408 .PP