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1 *mlang.txt* For Vim version 7.1. Last change: 2006 Jul 12
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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7 Multi-language features *multilang* *multi-lang*
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8
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9 This is about using messages and menus in various languages. For editing
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10 multi-byte text see |multibyte|.
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11
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12 The basics are explained in the user manual: |usr_45.txt|.
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13
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14 1. Messages |multilang-messages|
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15 2. Menus |multilang-menus|
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16 3. Scripts |multilang-scripts|
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17
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18 Also see |help-translated| for multi-language help.
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19
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20 {Vi does not have any of these features}
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21 {not available when compiled without the |+multi_lang| feature}
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22
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23 ==============================================================================
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24 1. Messages *multilang-messages*
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25
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26 Vim picks up the locale from the environment. In most cases this means Vim
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27 will use the language that you prefer, unless it's not available.
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28
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29 To see a list of supported locale names on your system, look in one of these
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30 directories (for Unix):
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31 /usr/lib/locale ~
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32 /usr/share/locale ~
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33 Unfortunately, upper/lowercase differences matter. Also watch out for the
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34 use of "-" and "_".
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35
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36 *:lan* *:lang* *:language* *E197*
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37 :lan[guage]
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38 :lan[guage] mes[sages]
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39 :lan[guage] cty[pe]
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40 :lan[guage] tim[e]
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41 Print the current language (aka locale).
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42 With the "messages" argument the language used for
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43 messages is printed. Technical: LC_MESSAGES.
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44 With the "ctype" argument the language used for
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45 character encoding is printed. Technical: LC_CTYPE.
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46 With the "time" argument the language used for
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47 strftime() is printed. Technical: LC_TIME.
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48 Without argument all parts of the locale are printed
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49 (this is system dependent).
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50 The current language can also be obtained with the
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51 |v:lang|, |v:ctype| and |v:lc_time| variables.
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52
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53 :lan[guage] {name}
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54 :lan[guage] mes[sages] {name}
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55 :lan[guage] cty[pe] {name}
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56 :lan[guage] tim[e] {name}
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57 Set the current language (aka locale) to {name}.
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58 The locale {name} must be a valid locale on your
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59 system. Some systems accept aliases like "en" or
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60 "en_US", but some only accept the full specification
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61 like "en_US.ISO_8859-1".
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62 With the "messages" argument the language used for
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63 messages is set. This can be different when you want,
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64 for example, English messages while editing Japanese
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65 text. This sets $LC_MESSAGES.
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66 With the "ctype" argument the language used for
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67 character encoding is set. This affects the libraries
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68 that Vim was linked with. It's unusual to set this to
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69 a different value from 'encoding'. This sets
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70 $LC_CTYPE.
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71 With the "time" argument the language used for time
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72 and date messages is set. This affects strftime().
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73 This sets $LC_TIME.
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74 Without an argument both are set, and additionally
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75 $LANG is set.
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76 This will make a difference for items that depend on
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77 the language (some messages, time and date format).
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78 Not fully supported on all systems
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79 If this fails there will be an error message. If it
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80 succeeds there is no message. Example: >
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81 :language
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82 Current language: C
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83 :language de_DE.ISO_8859-1
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84 :language mes
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85 Current messages language: de_DE.ISO_8859-1
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86 :lang mes en
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87 <
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88
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89 MS-WINDOWS MESSAGE TRANSLATIONS *win32-gettext*
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90
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91 If you used the self-installing .exe file, message translations should work
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92 already. Otherwise get the libintl.dll file if you don't have it yet:
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93
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94 http://sourceforge.net/projects/gettext
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95
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96 This also contains tools xgettext, msgformat and others.
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97
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98 libintl.dll should be placed in same directory with (g)vim.exe, or some
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99 place where PATH environment value describe. Message files (vim.mo)
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100 have to be placed in "$VIMRUNTIME/lang/xx/LC_MESSAGES", where "xx" is the
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101 abbreviation of the language (mostly two letters).
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102
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103 If you write your own translations you need to generate the .po file and
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104 convert it to a .mo file. You need to get the source distribution and read
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105 the file "src/po/README.txt".
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106
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107 To overrule the automatic choice of the language, set the $LANG variable to
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108 the language of your choice. use "en" to disable translations. >
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109
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110 :let $LANG = 'ja'
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111
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112 (text for Windows by Muraoka Taro)
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113
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114 ==============================================================================
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115 2. Menus *multilang-menus*
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116
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1121
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117 See |45.2| for the basics, esp. using 'langmenu'.
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118
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119 Note that if changes have been made to the menus after the translation was
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120 done, some of the menus may be shown in English. Please try contacting the
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121 maintainer of the translation and ask him to update it. You can find the
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122 name and e-mail address of the translator in
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123 "$VIMRUNTIME/lang/menu_<lang>.vim".
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124
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125 To set the font (or fontset) to use for the menus, use the |:highlight|
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126 command. Example: >
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127
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128 :highlight Menu font=k12,r12
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129
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130
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131 ALIAS LOCALE NAMES
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132
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133 Unfortunately, the locale names are different on various systems, even though
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134 they are for the same language and encoding. If you do not get the menu
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135 translations you expected, check the output of this command: >
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136
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137 echo v:lang
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138
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139 Now check the "$VIMRUNTIME/lang" directory for menu translation files that use
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140 a similar language. A difference in a "-" being a "_" already causes a file
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141 not to be found! Another common difference to watch out for is "iso8859-1"
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142 versus "iso_8859-1". Fortunately Vim makes all names lowercase, thus you
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143 don't have to worry about case differences. Spaces are changed to
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144 underscores, to avoid having to escape them.
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145
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146 If you find a menu translation file for your language with a different name,
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147 create a file in your own runtime directory to load that one. The name of
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148 that file could be: >
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149
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150 ~/.vim/lang/menu_<v:lang>.vim
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151
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152 Check the 'runtimepath' option for directories which are searched. In that
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153 file put a command to load the menu file with the other name: >
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154
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155 runtime lang/menu_<other_lang>.vim
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156
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157
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158 TRANSLATING MENUS
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159
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160 If you want to do your own translations, you can use the |:menutrans| command,
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161 explained below. It is recommended to put the translations for one language
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162 in a Vim script. For a language that has no translation yet, please consider
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163 becoming the maintainer and make your translations available to all Vim users.
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164 Send an e-mail to the Vim maintainer <maintainer@vim.org>.
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165
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166 *:menut* *:menutrans* *:menutranslate*
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167 :menut[ranslate] clear
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168 Clear all menu translations.
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169
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170 :menut[ranslate] {english} {mylang}
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171 Translate menu name {english} to {mylang}. All
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172 special characters like "&" and "<Tab>" need to be
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173 included. Spaces and dots need to be escaped with a
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174 backslash, just like in other |:menu| commands.
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175
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176 See the $VIMRUNTIME/lang directory for examples.
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177
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178 To try out your translations you first have to remove all menus. This is how
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179 you can do it without restarting Vim: >
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180 :source $VIMRUNTIME/delmenu.vim
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181 :source <your-new-menu-file>
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182 :source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim
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183
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184 Each part of a menu path is translated separately. The result is that when
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185 "Help" is translated to "Hilfe" and "Overview" to "Überblick" then
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186 "Help.Overview" will be translated to "Hilfe.Überblick".
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187
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188 ==============================================================================
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189 3. Scripts *multilang-scripts*
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190
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191 In Vim scripts you can use the |v:lang| variable to get the current language
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192 (locale). The default value is "C" or comes from the $LANG environment
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193 variable.
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194
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195 The following example shows how this variable is used in a simple way, to make
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196 a message adapt to language preferences of the user, >
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197
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198 :if v:lang =~ "de_DE"
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199 : echo "Guten Morgen"
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200 :else
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201 : echo "Good morning"
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202 :endif
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203 <
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204
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205 vim:tw=78:sw=4:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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