Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/print.txt @ 31920:f1a5e67e9a1b v9.0.1292
patch 9.0.1292: :defer may call the wrong method for an object
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/313e4724c3b4f6d7454b45b89da08f83a2a0c77e
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Wed Feb 8 20:55:27 2023 +0000
patch 9.0.1292: :defer may call the wrong method for an object
Problem: :defer may call the wrong method for an object. (Ernie Rael)
Solution: When en object is from a class that extends or implements, figure
out the method to call at runtime. (closes #11910)
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 08 Feb 2023 22:00:06 +0100 |
| parents | f68f43043842 |
| children | 4635e43f2c6f |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 30634 | 1 *print.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2022 Oct 01 |
| 15 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Printing *printing* | |
| 8 | |
| 9 1. Introduction |print-intro| | |
| 10 2. Print options |print-options| | |
| 11 3. PostScript Printing |postscript-printing| | |
| 12 4. PostScript Printing Encoding |postscript-print-encoding| | |
| 856 | 13 5. PostScript CJK Printing |postscript-cjk-printing| |
| 15 | 14 6. PostScript Printing Troubleshooting |postscript-print-trouble| |
| 15 7. PostScript Utilities |postscript-print-util| | |
| 16 8. Formfeed Characters |printing-formfeed| | |
| 17 | |
| 18 {only available when compiled with the |+printer| feature} | |
| 19 | |
| 20 ============================================================================== | |
| 21 1. Introduction *print-intro* | |
| 22 | |
| 23 On MS-Windows Vim can print your text on any installed printer. On other | |
| 24 systems a PostScript file is produced. This can be directly sent to a | |
| 25 PostScript printer. For other printers a program like ghostscript needs to be | |
| 26 used. | |
| 27 | |
| 1619 | 28 Note: If you have problems printing with |:hardcopy|, an alternative is to use |
| 29 |:TOhtml| and print the resulting html file from a browser. | |
| 30 | |
| 15 | 31 *:ha* *:hardcopy* *E237* *E238* *E324* |
| 32 :[range]ha[rdcopy][!] [arguments] | |
| 33 Send [range] lines (default whole file) to the | |
| 34 printer. | |
| 35 | |
| 36 On MS-Windows a dialog is displayed to allow selection | |
| 236 | 37 of printer, paper size etc. To skip the dialog, use |
| 15 | 38 the [!]. In this case the printer defined by |
| 39 'printdevice' is used, or, if 'printdevice' is empty, | |
| 40 the system default printer. | |
| 41 | |
| 42 For systems other than MS-Windows, PostScript is | |
| 43 written in a temp file and 'printexpr' is used to | |
| 44 actually print it. Then [arguments] can be used by | |
| 45 'printexpr' through |v:cmdarg|. Otherwise [arguments] | |
| 46 is ignored. 'printoptions' can be used to specify | |
| 47 paper size, duplex, etc. | |
| 14519 | 48 Note: If you want PDF, there are tools such as |
| 49 "ps2pdf" that can convert the PostScript to PDF. | |
| 15 | 50 |
| 51 :[range]ha[rdcopy][!] >{filename} | |
| 52 As above, but write the resulting PostScript in file | |
| 53 {filename}. | |
| 54 Things like "%" are expanded |cmdline-special| | |
| 55 Careful: An existing file is silently overwritten. | |
| 56 {only available when compiled with the |+postscript| | |
| 57 feature} | |
| 58 On MS-Windows use the "print to file" feature of the | |
| 59 printer driver. | |
| 60 | |
| 61 Progress is displayed during printing as a page number and a percentage. To | |
| 62 abort printing use the interrupt key (CTRL-C or, on MS-systems, CTRL-Break). | |
| 63 | |
| 64 Printer output is controlled by the 'printfont' and 'printoptions' options. | |
| 65 'printheader' specifies the format of a page header. | |
| 66 | |
| 67 The printed file is always limited to the selected margins, irrespective of | |
| 68 the current window's 'wrap' or 'linebreak' settings. The "wrap" item in | |
| 69 'printoptions' can be used to switch wrapping off. | |
| 70 The current highlighting colors are used in the printout, with the following | |
| 71 considerations: | |
| 236 | 72 1) The normal background is always rendered as white (i.e. blank paper). |
| 15 | 73 2) White text or the default foreground is rendered as black, so that it shows |
| 74 up! | |
| 75 3) If 'background' is "dark", then the colours are darkened to compensate for | |
| 76 the fact that otherwise they would be too bright to show up clearly on | |
| 77 white paper. | |
| 78 | |
| 79 ============================================================================== | |
| 80 2. Print options *print-options* | |
| 81 | |
| 82 Here are the details for the options that change the way printing is done. | |
| 83 For generic info about setting options see |options.txt|. | |
| 84 | |
| 85 *pdev-option* | |
| 86 'printdevice' 'pdev' string (default empty) | |
| 87 global | |
| 88 This defines the name of the printer to be used when the |:hardcopy| command | |
| 89 is issued with a bang (!) to skip the printer selection dialog. On Win32, it | |
| 90 should be the printer name exactly as it appears in the standard printer | |
| 91 dialog. | |
| 92 If the option is empty, then vim will use the system default printer for | |
| 93 ":hardcopy!" | |
| 94 | |
| 95 *penc-option* *E620* | |
| 96 'printencoding' 'penc' String (default empty, except for: | |
|
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97 MS-Windows: cp1252, |
| 15 | 98 Macintosh: mac-roman, |
| 99 VMS: dec-mcs, | |
| 100 HPUX: hp-roman8, | |
| 101 EBCDIC: ebcdic-uk) | |
| 102 global | |
| 11473 | 103 Sets the character encoding used when printing. This option tells Vim which |
| 15 | 104 print character encoding file from the "print" directory in 'runtimepath' to |
| 105 use. | |
| 106 | |
| 107 This option will accept any value from |encoding-names|. Any recognized names | |
| 11473 | 108 are converted to Vim standard names - see 'encoding' for more details. Names |
| 109 not recognized by Vim will just be converted to lower case and underscores | |
| 15 | 110 replaced with '-' signs. |
| 111 | |
| 11473 | 112 If 'printencoding' is empty or Vim cannot find the file then it will use |
| 15878 | 113 'encoding' (if it is set an 8-bit encoding) to find the print character |
| 114 encoding file. If Vim is unable to find a character encoding file then it | |
| 115 will use the "latin1" print character encoding file. | |
| 15 | 116 |
| 21991 | 117 When 'encoding' is set to a multibyte encoding, Vim will try to convert |
| 15 | 118 characters to the printing encoding for printing (if 'printencoding' is empty |
| 119 then the conversion will be to latin1). Conversion to a printing encoding | |
| 11473 | 120 other than latin1 will require Vim to be compiled with the |+iconv| feature. |
| 15 | 121 If no conversion is possible then printing will fail. Any characters that |
| 122 cannot be converted will be replaced with upside down question marks. | |
| 123 | |
| 124 Four print character encoding files are provided to support default Mac, VMS, | |
| 125 HPUX, and EBCDIC character encodings and are used by default on these | |
| 126 platforms. Code page 1252 print character encoding is used by default on | |
|
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127 MS-Windows platform. |
| 15 | 128 |
| 129 *pexpr-option* | |
| 130 'printexpr' 'pexpr' String (default: see below) | |
| 131 global | |
| 132 Expression that is evaluated to print the PostScript produced with | |
| 133 |:hardcopy|. | |
| 134 The file name to be printed is in |v:fname_in|. | |
| 135 The arguments to the ":hardcopy" command are in |v:cmdarg|. | |
| 136 The expression must take care of deleting the file after printing it. | |
| 137 When there is an error, the expression must return a non-zero number. | |
| 138 If there is no error, return zero or an empty string. | |
| 139 The default for non MS-Windows or VMS systems is to simply use "lpr" to print | |
| 140 the file: > | |
| 141 | |
| 27903 | 142 system('lpr' .. (&printdevice == '' ? '' : ' -P' .. &printdevice) |
| 143 .. ' ' .. v:fname_in) .. delete(v:fname_in) + v:shell_error | |
| 15 | 144 |
|
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145 On MS-Windows machines the default is to copy the file to the currently |
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146 specified printdevice: > |
| 15 | 147 |
| 27903 | 148 system('copy' .. ' ' .. v:fname_in .. (&printdevice == '' |
| 149 ? ' LPT1:' : (' \"' .. &printdevice .. '\"'))) | |
| 150 .. delete(v:fname_in) | |
| 15 | 151 |
| 152 On VMS machines the default is to send the file to either the default or | |
| 153 currently specified printdevice: > | |
| 154 | |
| 27903 | 155 system('print' .. (&printdevice == '' ? '' : ' /queue=' .. |
| 156 &printdevice) .. ' ' .. v:fname_in) .. delete(v:fname_in) | |
| 15 | 157 |
| 158 If you change this option, using a function is an easy way to avoid having to | |
| 159 escape all the spaces. Example: > | |
| 160 | |
|
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161 :set printexpr=PrintFile() |
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162 :function PrintFile() |
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163 : call system("ghostview " .. v:fname_in) |
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164 : call delete(v:fname_in) |
| 15 | 165 : return v:shell_error |
| 166 :endfunc | |
| 167 | |
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168 It is more efficient if the option is set to just a function call, |
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169 see |expr-option-function|. |
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170 |
| 15 | 171 Be aware that some print programs return control before they have read the |
| 172 file. If you delete the file too soon it will not be printed. These programs | |
| 173 usually offer an option to have them remove the file when printing is done. | |
| 174 *E365* | |
| 175 If evaluating the expression fails or it results in a non-zero number, you get | |
| 176 an error message. In that case Vim will delete the file. In the default | |
| 177 value for non-MS-Windows a trick is used: Adding "v:shell_error" will result | |
| 178 in a non-zero number when the system() call fails. | |
| 179 | |
|
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180 If the expression starts with s: or |<SID>|, then it is replaced with the |
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181 script ID (|local-function|). Example: > |
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182 set printexpr=s:MyPrintFile() |
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183 set printexpr=<SID>SomePrintFile() |
| 27459 | 184 Otherwise, the expression is evaluated in the context of the script where the |
| 185 option was set, thus script-local items are available. | |
| 186 | |
| 15 | 187 This option cannot be set from a |modeline| or in the |sandbox|, for security |
| 188 reasons. | |
| 189 | |
| 190 *pfn-option* *E613* | |
| 191 'printfont' 'pfn' string (default "courier") | |
| 192 global | |
| 193 This is the name of the font that will be used for the |:hardcopy| command's | |
| 194 output. It has the same format as the 'guifont' option, except that only one | |
| 195 font may be named, and the special "guifont=*" syntax is not available. | |
| 196 | |
| 197 In the Win32 GUI version this specifies a font name with its extra attributes, | |
| 198 as with the 'guifont' option. | |
| 199 | |
| 200 For other systems, only ":h11" is recognized, where "11" is the point size of | |
| 201 the font. When omitted, the point size is 10. | |
| 202 | |
| 203 *pheader-option* | |
| 204 'printheader' 'pheader' string (default "%<%f%h%m%=Page %N") | |
| 205 global | |
| 206 This defines the format of the header produced in |:hardcopy| output. The | |
| 207 option is defined in the same way as the 'statusline' option. If Vim has not | |
| 208 been compiled with the |+statusline| feature, this option has no effect and a | |
| 1619 | 209 simple default header is used, which shows the page number. The same simple |
| 210 header is used when this option is empty. | |
| 15 | 211 |
| 212 *pmbcs-option* | |
| 213 'printmbcharset' 'pmbcs' string (default "") | |
| 214 global | |
| 215 Sets the CJK character set to be used when generating CJK output from | |
| 11473 | 216 |:hardcopy|. The following predefined values are currently recognised by Vim: |
| 15 | 217 |
| 218 Value Description ~ | |
| 219 Chinese GB_2312-80 | |
| 220 (Simplified) GBT_12345-90 | |
| 221 MAC Apple Mac Simplified Chinese | |
| 222 GBT-90_MAC GB/T 12345-90 Apple Mac Simplified | |
| 223 Chinese | |
| 224 GBK GBK (GB 13000.1-93) | |
| 225 ISO10646 ISO 10646-1:1993 | |
| 226 | |
| 227 Chinese CNS_1993 CNS 11643-1993, Planes 1 & 2 | |
| 228 (Traditional) BIG5 | |
| 229 ETEN Big5 with ETen extensions | |
| 230 ISO10646 ISO 10646-1:1993 | |
| 231 | |
| 232 Japanese JIS_C_1978 | |
| 233 JIS_X_1983 | |
| 234 JIS_X_1990 | |
| 856 | 235 MSWINDOWS Win3.1/95J (JIS X 1997 + NEC + |
| 15 | 236 IBM extensions) |
| 237 KANJITALK6 Apple Mac KanjiTalk V6.x | |
| 238 KANJITALK7 Apple Mac KanjiTalk V7.x | |
| 239 | |
| 240 Korean KS_X_1992 | |
| 241 MAC Apple Macintosh Korean | |
| 242 MSWINDOWS KS X 1992 with MS extensions | |
| 243 ISO10646 ISO 10646-1:1993 | |
| 244 | |
| 245 Only certain combinations of the above values and 'printencoding' are | |
| 246 possible. The following tables show the valid combinations: | |
| 247 | |
| 248 euc-cn gbk ucs-2 utf-8 ~ | |
| 249 Chinese GB_2312-80 x | |
| 250 (Simplified) GBT_12345-90 x | |
| 251 MAC x | |
| 252 GBT-90_MAC x | |
| 253 GBK x | |
| 254 ISO10646 x x | |
| 255 | |
| 256 euc-tw big5 ucs-2 utf-8 ~ | |
| 257 Chinese CNS_1993 x | |
| 258 (Traditional) BIG5 x | |
| 259 ETEN x | |
| 260 ISO10646 x x | |
| 261 | |
| 262 euc-jp sjis ucs-2 utf-8 ~ | |
| 263 Japanese JIS_C_1978 x x | |
| 264 JIS_X_1983 x x | |
| 265 JIS_X_1990 x x x | |
| 16380 | 266 MSWINDOWS x |
| 267 KANJITALK6 x | |
| 268 KANJITALK7 x | |
| 15 | 269 |
| 270 euc-kr cp949 ucs-2 utf-8 ~ | |
| 856 | 271 Korean KS_X_1992 x |
| 15 | 272 MAC x |
| 273 MSWINDOWS x | |
| 274 ISO10646 x x | |
| 275 | |
| 276 To set up the correct encoding and character set for printing some | |
| 277 Japanese text you would do the following; > | |
| 278 :set printencoding=euc-jp | |
| 279 :set printmbcharset=JIS_X_1983 | |
| 280 | |
| 281 If 'printmbcharset' is not one of the above values then it is assumed to | |
| 21991 | 282 specify a custom multibyte character set and no check will be made that it is |
| 11473 | 283 compatible with the value for 'printencoding'. Vim will look for a file |
| 15 | 284 defining the character set in the "print" directory in 'runtimepath'. |
| 285 | |
| 286 *pmbfn-option* | |
| 287 'printmbfont' 'pmbfn' string (default "") | |
| 288 global | |
| 289 This is a comma-separated list of fields for font names to be used when | |
| 290 generating CJK output from |:hardcopy|. Each font name has to be preceded | |
| 291 with a letter indicating the style the font is to be used for as follows: | |
| 292 | |
| 293 r:{font-name} font to use for normal characters | |
| 294 b:{font-name} font to use for bold characters | |
| 295 i:{font-name} font to use for italic characters | |
| 296 o:{font-name} font to use for bold-italic characters | |
| 297 | |
| 298 A field with the r: prefix must be specified when doing CJK printing. The | |
| 299 other fontname specifiers are optional. If a specifier is missing then | |
| 300 another font will be used as follows: | |
| 301 | |
| 302 if b: is missing, then use r: | |
| 303 if i: is missing, then use r: | |
| 839 | 304 if o: is missing, then use b: |
| 15 | 305 |
| 306 Some CJK fonts do not contain characters for codes in the ASCII code range. | |
| 307 Also, some characters in the CJK ASCII code ranges differ in a few code points | |
| 308 from traditional ASCII characters. There are two additional fields to control | |
| 309 printing of characters in the ASCII code range. | |
| 310 | |
| 311 c:yes Use Courier font for characters in the ASCII | |
| 312 c:no (default) code range. | |
| 313 | |
| 314 a:yes Use ASCII character set for codes in the ASCII | |
| 315 a:no (default) code range. | |
| 316 | |
| 21991 | 317 The following is an example of specifying two multibyte fonts, one for normal |
| 15 | 318 and italic printing and one for bold and bold-italic printing, and using |
| 319 Courier to print codes in the ASCII code range but using the national | |
| 320 character set: > | |
| 321 :set printmbfont=r:WadaMin-Regular,b:WadaMin-Bold,c:yes | |
| 322 < | |
| 323 *popt-option* | |
| 856 | 324 'printoptions' 'popt' string (default "") |
| 15 | 325 global |
| 326 This is a comma-separated list of items that control the format of the output | |
| 327 of |:hardcopy|: | |
| 328 | |
| 329 left:{spec} left margin (default: 10pc) | |
| 330 right:{spec} right margin (default: 5pc) | |
| 331 top:{spec} top margin (default: 5pc) | |
| 332 bottom:{spec} bottom margin (default: 5pc) | |
| 333 {spec} is a number followed by "in" for inches, "pt" | |
| 334 for points (1 point is 1/72 of an inch), "mm" for | |
| 335 millimeters or "pc" for a percentage of the media | |
| 336 size. | |
| 337 Weird example: | |
| 338 left:2in,top:30pt,right:16mm,bottom:3pc | |
| 339 If the unit is not recognized there is no error and | |
| 340 the default value is used. | |
| 341 | |
| 342 header:{nr} Number of lines to reserve for the header. | |
| 343 Only the first line is actually filled, thus when {nr} | |
| 344 is 2 there is one empty line. The header is formatted | |
| 345 according to 'printheader'. | |
| 346 header:0 Do not print a header. | |
| 347 header:2 (default) Use two lines for the header | |
| 348 | |
| 349 syntax:n Do not use syntax highlighting. This is faster and | |
| 350 thus useful when printing large files. | |
| 351 syntax:y Do syntax highlighting. | |
| 352 syntax:a (default) Use syntax highlighting if the printer appears to be | |
| 856 | 353 able to print color or grey. |
| 15 | 354 |
| 355 number:y Include line numbers in the printed output. | |
| 356 number:n (default) No line numbers. | |
| 357 | |
| 358 wrap:y (default) Wrap long lines. | |
| 359 wrap:n Truncate long lines. | |
| 360 | |
| 361 duplex:off Print on one side. | |
| 362 duplex:long (default) Print on both sides (when possible), bind on long | |
| 856 | 363 side. |
| 15 | 364 duplex:short Print on both sides (when possible), bind on short |
| 856 | 365 side. |
| 15 | 366 |
| 367 collate:y (default) Collating: 1 2 3, 1 2 3, 1 2 3 | |
| 368 collate:n No collating: 1 1 1, 2 2 2, 3 3 3 | |
| 369 | |
| 370 jobsplit:n (default) Do all copies in one print job | |
| 371 jobsplit:y Do each copy as a separate print job. Useful when | |
| 856 | 372 doing N-up postprocessing. |
| 15 | 373 |
| 374 portrait:y (default) Orientation is portrait. | |
| 375 portrait:n Orientation is landscape. | |
| 376 *a4* *letter* | |
| 377 paper:A4 (default) Paper size: A4 | |
| 378 paper:{name} Paper size from this table: | |
| 379 {name} size in cm size in inch ~ | |
| 380 10x14 25.4 x 35.57 10 x 14 | |
| 381 A3 29.7 x 42 11.69 x 16.54 | |
| 382 A4 21 x 29.7 8.27 x 11.69 | |
| 383 A5 14.8 x 21 5.83 x 8.27 | |
| 384 B4 25 x 35.3 10.12 x 14.33 | |
| 385 B5 17.6 x 25 7.17 x 10.12 | |
| 386 executive 18.42 x 26.67 7.25 x 10.5 | |
| 387 folio 21 x 33 8.27 x 13 | |
| 388 ledger 43.13 x 27.96 17 x 11 | |
| 389 legal 21.59 x 35.57 8.5 x 14 | |
| 390 letter 21.59 x 27.96 8.5 x 11 | |
| 391 quarto 21.59 x 27.5 8.5 x 10.83 | |
| 392 statement 13.97 x 21.59 5.5 x 8.5 | |
| 393 tabloid 27.96 x 43.13 11 x 17 | |
| 394 | |
| 395 formfeed:n (default) Treat form feed characters (0x0c) as a normal print | |
| 856 | 396 character. |
| 15 | 397 formfeed:y When a form feed character is encountered, continue |
| 398 printing of the current line at the beginning of the | |
| 399 first line on a new page. | |
| 400 | |
| 401 The item indicated with (default) is used when the item is not present. The | |
| 402 values are not always used, especially when using a dialog to select the | |
| 403 printer and options. | |
| 404 Example: > | |
| 405 :set printoptions=paper:letter,duplex:off | |
| 406 | |
| 407 ============================================================================== | |
| 408 3. PostScript Printing *postscript-printing* | |
| 409 *E455* *E456* *E457* *E624* | |
| 410 Provided you have enough disk space there should be no problems generating a | |
| 411 PostScript file. You need to have the runtime files correctly installed (if | |
| 412 you can find the help files, they probably are). | |
| 413 | |
| 414 There are currently a number of limitations with PostScript printing: | |
| 415 | |
| 416 - 'printfont' - The font name is ignored (the Courier family is always used - | |
| 417 it should be available on all PostScript printers) but the font size is | |
| 418 used. | |
| 419 | |
| 420 - 'printoptions' - The duplex setting is used when generating PostScript | |
| 421 output, but it is up to the printer to take notice of the setting. If the | |
| 422 printer does not support duplex printing then it should be silently ignored. | |
| 423 Some printers, however, don't print at all. | |
| 424 | |
| 425 - 8-bit support - While a number of 8-bit print character encodings are | |
| 426 supported it is possible that some characters will not print. Whether a | |
| 427 character will print depends on the font in the printer knowing the | |
| 428 character. Missing characters will be replaced with an upside down question | |
| 429 mark, or a space if that character is also not known by the font. It may be | |
| 430 possible to get all the characters in an encoding to print by installing a | |
| 431 new version of the Courier font family. | |
| 432 | |
| 21991 | 433 - Multi-byte support - Currently Vim will try to convert multibyte characters |
| 15 | 434 to the 8-bit encoding specified by 'printencoding' (or latin1 if it is |
| 435 empty). Any characters that are not successfully converted are shown as | |
| 21991 | 436 unknown characters. Printing will fail if Vim cannot convert the multibyte |
| 15 | 437 to the 8-bit encoding. |
| 438 | |
| 439 ============================================================================== | |
| 440 4. Custom 8-bit Print Character Encodings *postscript-print-encoding* | |
| 441 *E618* *E619* | |
| 442 To use your own print character encoding when printing 8-bit character data | |
| 443 you need to define your own PostScript font encoding vector. Details on how | |
| 1121 | 444 to define a font encoding vector is beyond the scope of this help file, but |
| 15 | 445 you can find details in the PostScript Language Reference Manual, 3rd Edition, |
| 446 published by Addison-Wesley and available in PDF form at | |
| 11473 | 447 http://www.adobe.com/. The following describes what you need to do for Vim to |
| 15 | 448 locate and use your print character encoding. |
| 449 | |
| 450 i. Decide on a unique name for your encoding vector, one that does not clash | |
| 11473 | 451 with any of the recognized or standard encoding names that Vim uses (see |
| 15 | 452 |encoding-names| for a list), and that no one else is likely to use. |
| 453 ii. Copy $VIMRUNTIME/print/latin1.ps to the print subdirectory in your | |
| 454 'runtimepath' and rename it with your unique name. | |
| 455 iii. Edit your renamed copy of latin1.ps, replacing all occurrences of latin1 | |
| 456 with your unique name (don't forget the line starting %%Title:), and | |
| 457 modify the array of glyph names to define your new encoding vector. The | |
| 458 array must have exactly 256 entries or you will not be able to print! | |
| 11473 | 459 iv. Within Vim, set 'printencoding' to your unique encoding name and then |
| 460 print your file. Vim will now use your custom print character encoding. | |
| 15 | 461 |
| 11473 | 462 Vim will report an error with the resource file if you change the order or |
| 15 | 463 content of the first 3 lines, other than the name of the encoding on the line |
| 464 starting %%Title: or the version number on the line starting %%Version:. | |
| 465 | |
| 11473 | 466 [Technical explanation for those that know PostScript - Vim looks for a file |
| 15 | 467 with the same name as the encoding it will use when printing. The file |
| 468 defines a new PostScript Encoding resource called /VIM-name, where name is the | |
| 11473 | 469 print character encoding Vim will use.] |
| 15 | 470 |
| 471 ============================================================================== | |
| 472 5. PostScript CJK Printing *postscript-cjk-printing* | |
| 473 *E673* *E674* *E675* | |
| 474 | |
| 11473 | 475 Vim supports printing of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean files. Setting up Vim |
| 15 | 476 to correctly print CJK files requires setting up a few more options. |
| 477 | |
| 478 Each of these countries has many standard character sets and encodings which | |
| 479 require that both be specified when printing. In addition, CJK fonts normally | |
| 480 do not have the concept of italic glyphs and use different weight or stroke | |
| 481 style to achieve emphasis when printing. This in turn requires a different | |
| 482 approach to specifying fonts to use when printing. | |
| 483 | |
| 484 The encoding and character set are specified with the 'printencoding' and | |
| 485 'printmbcharset' options. If 'printencoding' is not specified then 'encoding' | |
| 486 is used as normal. If 'printencoding' is specified then characters will be | |
| 487 translated to this encoding for printing. You should ensure that the encoding | |
| 488 is compatible with the character set needed for the file contents or some | |
| 489 characters may not appear when printed. | |
| 490 | |
| 491 The fonts to use for CJK printing are specified with 'printmbfont'. This | |
| 492 option allows you to specify different fonts to use when printing characters | |
| 493 which are syntax highlighted with the font styles normal, italic, bold and | |
| 494 bold-italic. | |
| 495 | |
| 11473 | 496 No CJK fonts are supplied with Vim. There are some free Korean, Japanese, and |
| 15 | 497 Traditional Chinese fonts available at: |
| 498 | |
| 499 http://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/adobe/samples/ | |
| 500 | |
| 856 | 501 You can find descriptions of the various fonts in the read me file at |
| 15 | 502 |
|
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503 http://examples.oreilly.de/english_examples/cjkvinfo/adobe/00README |
| 15 | 504 |
| 505 Please read your printer documentation on how to install new fonts. | |
| 506 | |
| 507 CJK fonts can be large containing several thousand glyphs, and it is not | |
| 508 uncommon to find that they only contain a subset of a national standard. It | |
| 509 is not unusual to find the fonts to not include characters for codes in the | |
| 510 ASCII code range. If you find half-width Roman characters are not appearing | |
| 11473 | 511 in your printout then you should configure Vim to use the Courier font the |
| 15 | 512 half-width ASCII characters with 'printmbfont'. If your font does not include |
| 513 other characters then you will need to find another font that does. | |
| 514 | |
| 515 Another issue with ASCII characters, is that the various national character | |
| 516 sets specify a couple of different glyphs in the ASCII code range. If you | |
| 517 print ASCII text using the national character set you may see some unexpected | |
| 518 characters. If you want true ASCII code printing then you need to configure | |
| 11473 | 519 Vim to output ASCII characters for the ASCII code range with 'printmbfont'. |
| 15 | 520 |
| 21991 | 521 It is possible to define your own multibyte character set although this |
| 15 | 522 should not be attempted lightly. A discussion on the process if beyond the |
| 523 scope of these help files. You can find details on CMap (character map) files | |
| 524 in the document 'Adobe CMap and CIDFont Files Specification, Version 1.0', | |
| 525 available from http://www.adobe.com as a PDF file. | |
| 526 | |
| 527 ============================================================================== | |
| 528 6. PostScript Printing Troubleshooting *postscript-print-trouble* | |
| 529 *E621* | |
| 530 Usually the only sign of a problem when printing with PostScript is that your | |
| 531 printout does not appear. If you are lucky you may get a printed page that | |
| 532 tells you the PostScript operator that generated the error that prevented the | |
| 533 print job completing. | |
| 534 | |
| 535 There are a number of possible causes as to why the printing may have failed: | |
| 536 | |
| 537 - Wrong version of the prolog resource file. The prolog resource file | |
| 11473 | 538 contains some PostScript that Vim needs to be able to print. Each version |
| 539 of Vim needs one particular version. Make sure you have correctly installed | |
| 15 | 540 the runtime files, and don't have any old versions of a file called prolog |
| 541 in the print directory in your 'runtimepath' directory. | |
| 542 | |
| 543 - Paper size. Some PostScript printers will abort printing a file if they do | |
| 11473 | 544 not support the requested paper size. By default Vim uses A4 paper. Find |
| 15 | 545 out what size paper your printer normally uses and set the appropriate paper |
| 546 size with 'printoptions'. If you cannot find the name of the paper used, | |
| 547 measure a sheet and compare it with the table of supported paper sizes listed | |
| 548 for 'printoptions', using the paper that is closest in both width AND height. | |
| 549 Note: The dimensions of actual paper may vary slightly from the ones listed. | |
| 550 If there is no paper listed close enough, then you may want to try psresize | |
| 551 from PSUtils, discussed below. | |
| 552 | |
| 553 - Two-sided printing (duplex). Normally a PostScript printer that does not | |
| 554 support two-sided printing will ignore any request to do it. However, some | |
| 555 printers may abort the job altogether. Try printing with duplex turned off. | |
| 556 Note: Duplex prints can be achieved manually using PS utils - see below. | |
| 557 | |
| 558 - Collated printing. As with Duplex printing, most PostScript printers that | |
| 559 do not support collating printouts will ignore a request to do so. Some may | |
| 560 not. Try printing with collation turned off. | |
| 561 | |
| 562 - Syntax highlighting. Some print management code may prevent the generated | |
| 563 PostScript file from being printed on a black and white printer when syntax | |
| 564 highlighting is turned on, even if solid black is the only color used. Try | |
| 565 printing with syntax highlighting turned off. | |
| 566 | |
| 567 A safe printoptions setting to try is: > | |
| 568 | |
| 569 :set printoptions=paper:A4,duplex:off,collate:n,syntax:n | |
| 570 | |
| 571 Replace "A4" with the paper size that best matches your printer paper. | |
| 572 | |
| 573 ============================================================================== | |
| 574 7. PostScript Utilities *postscript-print-util* | |
| 575 | |
| 576 7.1 Ghostscript | |
| 577 | |
| 578 Ghostscript is a PostScript and PDF interpreter that can be used to display | |
| 579 and print on non-PostScript printers PostScript and PDF files. It can also | |
| 580 generate PDF files from PostScript. | |
| 581 | |
| 582 Ghostscript will run on a wide variety of platforms. | |
| 583 | |
| 584 There are three available versions: | |
| 585 | |
| 586 - AFPL Ghostscript (formerly Aladdin Ghostscript) which is free for | |
| 587 non-commercial use. It can be obtained from: | |
| 588 | |
| 589 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/ | |
| 590 | |
| 591 - GNU Ghostscript which is available under the GNU General Public License. It | |
| 592 can be obtained from: | |
| 593 | |
| 594 ftp://mirror.cs.wisc.edu/pub/mirrors/ghost/gnu/ | |
| 595 | |
| 596 - A commercial version for inclusion in commercial products. | |
| 597 | |
| 598 Additional information on Ghostscript can also be found at: | |
| 599 | |
| 600 http://www.ghostscript.com/ | |
| 601 | |
| 602 Support for a number of non PostScript printers is provided in the | |
| 603 distribution as standard, but if you cannot find support for your printer | |
| 604 check the Ghostscript site for other printers not included by default. | |
| 605 | |
| 606 | |
| 607 7.2 Ghostscript Previewers. | |
| 608 | |
| 609 The interface to Ghostscript is very primitive so a number of graphical front | |
| 610 ends have been created. These allow easier PostScript file selection, | |
| 611 previewing at different zoom levels, and printing. Check supplied | |
| 612 documentation for full details. | |
| 613 | |
| 614 X11 | |
| 615 | |
| 616 - Ghostview. Obtainable from: | |
| 617 | |
| 618 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gv/ | |
| 619 | |
| 620 - gv. Derived from Ghostview. Obtainable from: | |
| 621 | |
| 622 http://wwwthep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~plass/gv/ | |
| 623 | |
| 624 Copies (possibly not the most recent) can be found at: | |
| 625 | |
| 626 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gv/ | |
| 627 | |
| 628 OpenVMS | |
| 629 | |
| 630 - Is apparently supported in the main code now (untested). See: | |
| 631 | |
| 632 http://wwwthep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~plass/gv/ | |
| 633 | |
|
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|
634 MS-Windows |
| 15 | 635 |
| 636 - GSview. Obtainable from: | |
| 637 | |
| 638 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/ | |
| 639 | |
| 640 Linux | |
| 641 | |
| 19116 | 642 - GSview. Linux version of the popular MS-Windows previewer. |
| 15 | 643 Obtainable from: |
| 644 | |
| 645 http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/ | |
| 646 | |
| 647 - BMV. Different from Ghostview and gv in that it doesn't use X but svgalib. | |
| 648 Obtainable from: | |
| 649 | |
| 650 ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/viewers/svga/bmv-1.2.tgz | |
| 651 | |
| 652 | |
| 653 7.3 PSUtils | |
| 654 | |
| 655 PSUtils is a collection of utility programs for manipulating PostScript | |
| 656 documents. Binary distributions are available for many platforms, as well as | |
| 657 the full source. PSUtils can be found at: | |
| 658 | |
| 659 http://knackered.org/angus/psutils | |
| 660 | |
| 661 The utilities of interest include: | |
| 662 | |
| 663 - psnup. Convert PS files for N-up printing. | |
| 664 - psselect. Select page range and order of printing. | |
| 665 - psresize. Change the page size. | |
| 666 - psbook. Reorder and lay out pages ready for making a book. | |
| 667 | |
| 668 The output of one program can be used as the input to the next, allowing for | |
| 669 complex print document creation. | |
| 670 | |
| 671 | |
| 672 N-UP PRINTING | |
| 673 | |
| 11473 | 674 The psnup utility takes an existing PostScript file generated from Vim and |
| 15 | 675 convert it to an n-up version. The simplest way to create a 2-up printout is |
| 676 to first create a PostScript file with: > | |
| 677 | |
| 678 :hardcopy > test.ps | |
| 679 | |
| 680 Then on your command line execute: > | |
| 681 | |
| 682 psnup -n 2 test.ps final.ps | |
| 683 | |
| 684 Note: You may get warnings from some Ghostscript previewers for files produced | |
| 685 by psnup - these may safely be ignored. | |
| 686 | |
| 687 Finally print the file final.ps to your PostScript printer with your | |
| 688 platform's print command. (You will need to delete the two PostScript files | |
| 689 afterwards yourself.) 'printexpr' could be modified to perform this extra | |
| 690 step before printing. | |
| 691 | |
| 692 | |
| 693 ALTERNATE DUPLEX PRINTING | |
| 694 | |
| 695 It is possible to achieve a poor man's version of duplex printing using the PS | |
| 696 utility psselect. This utility has options -e and -o for printing just the | |
| 697 even or odd pages of a PS file respectively. | |
| 698 | |
| 6530 | 699 First generate a PS file with the 'hardcopy' command, then generate new |
| 15 | 700 files with all the odd and even numbered pages with: > |
| 701 | |
| 702 psselect -o test.ps odd.ps | |
| 703 psselect -e test.ps even.ps | |
| 704 | |
| 705 Next print odd.ps with your platform's normal print command. Then take the | |
| 706 print output, turn it over and place it back in the paper feeder. Now print | |
| 707 even.ps with your platform's print command. All the even pages should now | |
| 708 appear on the back of the odd pages. | |
| 709 | |
|
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710 There are a couple of points to bear in mind: |
| 15 | 711 |
| 712 1. Position of the first page. If the first page is on top of the printout | |
| 713 when printing the odd pages then you need to reverse the order that the odd | |
| 714 pages are printed. This can be done with the -r option to psselect. This | |
| 715 will ensure page 2 is printed on the back of page 1. | |
| 716 Note: it is better to reverse the odd numbered pages rather than the even | |
| 717 numbered in case there are an odd number of pages in the original PS file. | |
| 718 | |
| 719 2. Paper flipping. When turning over the paper with the odd pages printed on | |
| 720 them you may have to either flip them horizontally (along the long edge) or | |
| 721 vertically (along the short edge), as well as possibly rotating them 180 | |
| 722 degrees. All this depends on the printer - it will be more obvious for | |
| 723 desktop ink jets than for small office laser printers where the paper path | |
| 724 is hidden from view. | |
| 725 | |
| 726 | |
| 727 ============================================================================== | |
| 728 8. Formfeed Characters *printing-formfeed* | |
| 729 | |
| 25880 | 730 By default Vim does not do any special processing of formfeed control |
| 11473 | 731 characters. Setting the 'printoptions' formfeed item will make Vim recognize |
| 15 | 732 formfeed characters and continue printing the current line at the beginning |
| 733 of the first line on a new page. The use of formfeed characters provides | |
| 734 rudimentary print control but there are certain things to be aware of. | |
| 735 | |
| 11473 | 736 Vim will always start printing a line (including a line number if enabled) |
| 15 | 737 containing a formfeed character, even if it is the first character on the |
| 738 line. This means if a line starting with a formfeed character is the first | |
| 11473 | 739 line of a page then Vim will print a blank page. |
| 15 | 740 |
| 741 Since the line number is printed at the start of printing the line containing | |
| 742 the formfeed character, the remainder of the line printed on the new page | |
| 743 will not have a line number printed for it (in the same way as the wrapped | |
| 744 lines of a long line when wrap in 'printoptions' is enabled). | |
| 745 | |
| 746 If the formfeed character is the last character on a line, then printing will | |
| 747 continue on the second line of the new page, not the first. This is due to | |
| 11473 | 748 Vim processing the end of the line after the formfeed character and moving |
| 15 | 749 down a line to continue printing. |
| 750 | |
| 751 Due to the points made above it is recommended that when formfeed character | |
| 752 processing is enabled, printing of line numbers is disabled, and that form | |
| 753 feed characters are not the last character on a line. Even then you may need | |
| 754 to adjust the number of lines before a formfeed character to prevent | |
| 755 accidental blank pages. | |
| 756 | |
| 757 ============================================================================== | |
| 14421 | 758 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |