Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/usr_22.txt @ 21137:dd37ab39bac8
Added tag v8.2.1119 for changeset 228a3719c49fb346deeca810058bba9b72109809
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 02 Jul 2020 23:00:05 +0200 |
| parents | 1908e92b02fd |
| children | f8116058ca76 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 19968 | 1 *usr_22.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2020 Mar 28 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 Finding the file to edit | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 Files can be found everywhere. So how do you find them? Vim offers various | |
| 9 ways to browse the directory tree. There are commands to jump to a file that | |
| 10 is mentioned in another. And Vim remembers which files have been edited | |
| 11 before. | |
| 12 | |
| 1618 | 13 |22.1| The file browser |
| 7 | 14 |22.2| The current directory |
| 15 |22.3| Finding a file | |
| 16 |22.4| The buffer list | |
| 17 | |
| 18 Next chapter: |usr_23.txt| Editing other files | |
| 19 Previous chapter: |usr_21.txt| Go away and come back | |
| 20 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 21 | |
| 22 ============================================================================== | |
| 1618 | 23 *22.1* The file browser |
| 7 | 24 |
| 25 Vim has a plugin that makes it possible to edit a directory. Try this: > | |
| 26 | |
| 27 :edit . | |
| 28 | |
| 29 Through the magic of autocommands and Vim scripts, the window will be filled | |
| 30 with the contents of the directory. It looks like this: | |
| 31 | |
| 1618 | 32 " ============================================================================ ~ |
| 33 " Netrw Directory Listing (netrw v109) ~ | |
| 34 " Sorted by name ~ | |
| 35 " Sort sequence: [\/]$,\.h$,\.c$,\.cpp$,*,\.info$,\.swp$,\.o$\.obj$,\.bak$ ~ | |
| 36 " Quick Help: <F1>:help -:go up dir D:delete R:rename s:sort-by x:exec ~ | |
| 37 " ============================================================================ ~ | |
| 38 ../ ~ | |
| 39 ./ ~ | |
| 40 check/ ~ | |
| 41 Makefile ~ | |
| 42 autocmd.txt ~ | |
| 43 change.txt ~ | |
| 44 eval.txt~ ~ | |
| 45 filetype.txt~ ~ | |
| 46 help.txt.info ~ | |
| 7 | 47 |
| 48 You can see these items: | |
| 1618 | 49 |
| 50 1. The name of the browsing tool and its version number | |
| 51 2. The name of the browsing directory | |
| 52 3. The method of sorting (may be by name, time, or size) | |
| 53 4. How names are to be sorted (directories first, then *.h files, | |
| 54 *.c files, etc) | |
| 55 5. How to get help (use the <F1> key), and an abbreviated listing | |
| 56 of available commands | |
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57 6. A listing of files, including "../", which allows one to list |
| 1618 | 58 the parent directory. |
| 7 | 59 |
| 60 If you have syntax highlighting enabled, the different parts are highlighted | |
| 1618 | 61 so as to make it easier to spot them. |
| 7 | 62 |
| 63 You can use Normal mode Vim commands to move around in the text. For example, | |
| 1618 | 64 move the cursor atop a file and press <Enter>; you will then be editing that |
| 65 file. To go back to the browser use ":edit ." again, or use ":Explore". | |
| 66 CTRL-O also works. | |
| 67 | |
| 68 Try using <Enter> while the cursor is atop a directory name. The result is | |
| 69 that the file browser moves into that directory and displays the items found | |
| 7 | 70 there. Pressing <Enter> on the first directory "../" moves you one level |
| 71 higher. Pressing "-" does the same thing, without the need to move to the | |
| 72 "../" item first. | |
| 73 | |
| 1618 | 74 You can press <F1> to get help on the things you can do in the netrw file |
| 75 browser. This is what you get: > | |
| 76 | |
| 18831 | 77 9. Directory Browsing netrw-browse netrw-dir netrw-list netrw-help |
| 7 | 78 |
| 18831 | 79 MAPS netrw-maps |
| 1618 | 80 <F1>.............Help.......................................|netrw-help| |
| 81 <cr>.............Browsing...................................|netrw-cr| | |
| 82 <del>............Deleting Files or Directories..............|netrw-delete| | |
| 83 -................Going Up...................................|netrw--| | |
| 84 a................Hiding Files or Directories................|netrw-a| | |
| 85 mb...............Bookmarking a Directory....................|netrw-mb| | |
| 86 gb...............Changing to a Bookmarked Directory.........|netrw-gb| | |
| 19968 | 87 cd...............Make Browsing Directory The Current Dir....|netrw-c| |
| 1618 | 88 d................Make A New Directory.......................|netrw-d| |
| 89 D................Deleting Files or Directories..............|netrw-D| | |
| 90 <c-h>............Edit File/Directory Hiding List............|netrw-ctrl-h| | |
| 91 i................Change Listing Style.......................|netrw-i| | |
| 92 <c-l>............Refreshing the Listing.....................|netrw-ctrl-l| | |
| 93 o................Browsing with a Horizontal Split...........|netrw-o| | |
| 94 p................Use Preview Window.........................|netrw-p| | |
| 95 P................Edit in Previous Window....................|netrw-p| | |
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96 q................Listing Bookmarks and History..............|netrw-qb| |
| 1618 | 97 r................Reversing Sorting Order....................|netrw-r| |
| 98 < (etc) | |
| 7 | 99 |
| 1618 | 100 The <F1> key thus brings you to a netrw directory browsing contents help page. |
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101 It's a regular help page; use the usual |CTRL-]| to jump to tagged help items |
| 1618 | 102 and |CTRL-O| to jump back. |
| 103 | |
| 104 To select files for display and editing: (with the cursor is atop a filename) | |
| 7 | 105 |
| 1618 | 106 <enter> Open the file in the current window. |netrw-cr| |
| 107 o Horizontally split window and display file |netrw-o| | |
| 108 v Vertically split window and display file |netrw-v| | |
| 109 p Use the |preview-window| |netrw-p| | |
| 110 P Edit in the previous window |netrw-P| | |
| 111 t Open file in a new tab |netrw-t| | |
| 112 | |
| 113 The following normal-mode commands may be used to control the browser display: | |
| 7 | 114 |
| 1618 | 115 i Controls listing style (thin, long, wide, and tree). |
| 116 The long listing includes size and date information. | |
| 117 s Repeatedly pressing s will change the way the files | |
| 118 are sorted; one may sort on name, modification time, | |
| 119 or size. | |
| 120 r Reverse the sorting order. | |
| 121 | |
| 122 As a sampling of extra normal-mode commands: | |
| 7 | 123 |
| 19968 | 124 cd Change Vim's notion of the current directory to be |
| 1618 | 125 the same as the browser directory. (see |
| 126 |g:netrw_keepdir| to control this, too) | |
| 127 R Rename the file or directory under the cursor; a | |
| 128 prompt will be issued for the new name. | |
| 129 D Delete the file or directory under the cursor; a | |
| 130 confirmation request will be issued. | |
| 131 mb gb Make bookmark/goto bookmark | |
| 132 | |
| 133 | |
| 134 One may also use command mode; again, just a sampling: | |
| 7 | 135 |
| 1618 | 136 :Explore [directory] Browse specified/current directory |
| 137 :NetrwSettings A comprehensive list of your current netrw | |
| 138 settings with help linkage. | |
| 7 | 139 |
| 1618 | 140 The netrw browser is not limited to just your local machine; one may use |
| 141 urls such as: (that trailing / is important) | |
| 142 | |
| 143 :Explore ftp://somehost/path/to/dir/ | |
| 144 :e scp://somehost/path/to/dir/ | |
| 145 | |
| 146 See |netrw-browse| for more. | |
| 7 | 147 |
| 148 ============================================================================== | |
| 149 *22.2* The current directory | |
| 150 | |
| 151 Just like the shell, Vim has the concept of a current directory. Suppose you | |
| 152 are in your home directory and want to edit several files in a directory | |
| 153 "VeryLongFileName". You could do: > | |
| 154 | |
| 155 :edit VeryLongFileName/file1.txt | |
| 156 :edit VeryLongFileName/file2.txt | |
| 157 :edit VeryLongFileName/file3.txt | |
| 158 | |
| 159 To avoid much of the typing, do this: > | |
| 160 | |
| 161 :cd VeryLongFileName | |
| 162 :edit file1.txt | |
| 163 :edit file2.txt | |
| 164 :edit file3.txt | |
| 165 | |
| 166 The ":cd" command changes the current directory. You can see what the current | |
| 167 directory is with the ":pwd" command: > | |
| 168 | |
| 169 :pwd | |
| 170 /home/Bram/VeryLongFileName | |
| 171 | |
| 172 Vim remembers the last directory that you used. Use "cd -" to go back to it. | |
| 173 Example: > | |
| 174 | |
| 175 :pwd | |
| 176 /home/Bram/VeryLongFileName | |
| 177 :cd /etc | |
| 178 :pwd | |
| 179 /etc | |
| 180 :cd - | |
| 181 :pwd | |
| 182 /home/Bram/VeryLongFileName | |
| 183 :cd - | |
| 184 :pwd | |
| 185 /etc | |
| 186 | |
| 187 | |
| 188 WINDOW LOCAL DIRECTORY | |
| 189 | |
| 190 When you split a window, both windows use the same current directory. When | |
| 191 you want to edit a number of files somewhere else in the new window, you can | |
| 192 make it use a different directory, without changing the current directory in | |
| 193 the other window. This is called a local directory. > | |
| 194 | |
| 195 :pwd | |
| 196 /home/Bram/VeryLongFileName | |
| 197 :split | |
| 198 :lcd /etc | |
| 199 :pwd | |
| 200 /etc | |
| 201 CTRL-W w | |
| 202 :pwd | |
| 203 /home/Bram/VeryLongFileName | |
| 204 | |
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205 So long as no `:lcd` command has been used, all windows share the same current |
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206 directory. Doing a `:cd` command in one window will also change the current |
| 7 | 207 directory of the other window. |
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208 For a window where `:lcd` has been used a different current directory is |
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209 remembered. Using `:cd` or `:lcd` in other windows will not change it. |
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210 When using a `:cd` command in a window that uses a different current |
| 7 | 211 directory, it will go back to using the shared directory. |
| 212 | |
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213 |
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214 TAB LOCAL DIRECTORY |
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215 |
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216 When you open a new tab page, it uses the directory of the window in the |
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217 previous tab page from which the new tab page was opened. You can change the |
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218 directory of the current tab page using the `:tcd` command. All the windows in |
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219 a tab page share this directory except for windows with a window-local |
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220 directory. Any new windows opened in this tab page will use this directory as |
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221 the current working directory. Using a `:cd` command in a tab page will not |
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222 change the working directory of tab pages which have a tab local directory. |
| 16808 | 223 When the global working directory is changed using the `:cd` command in a tab |
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224 page, it will also change the current tab page working directory. |
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225 |
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226 |
| 7 | 227 ============================================================================== |
| 228 *22.3* Finding a file | |
| 229 | |
| 230 You are editing a C program that contains this line: | |
| 231 | |
| 232 #include "inits.h" ~ | |
| 233 | |
| 234 You want to see what is in that "inits.h" file. Move the cursor on the name | |
| 235 of the file and type: > | |
| 236 | |
| 237 gf | |
| 238 | |
| 239 Vim will find the file and edit it. | |
| 240 What if the file is not in the current directory? Vim will use the 'path' | |
| 241 option to find the file. This option is a list of directory names where to | |
| 242 look for your file. | |
| 243 Suppose you have your include files located in "c:/prog/include". This | |
| 244 command will add it to the 'path' option: > | |
| 245 | |
| 246 :set path+=c:/prog/include | |
| 247 | |
| 248 This directory is an absolute path. No matter where you are, it will be the | |
| 249 same place. What if you have located files in a subdirectory, below where the | |
| 250 file is? Then you can specify a relative path name. This starts with a dot: | |
| 251 > | |
| 252 :set path+=./proto | |
| 253 | |
| 254 This tells Vim to look in the directory "proto", below the directory where the | |
| 255 file in which you use "gf" is. Thus using "gf" on "inits.h" will make Vim | |
| 256 look for "proto/inits.h", starting in the directory of the file. | |
| 257 Without the "./", thus "proto", Vim would look in the "proto" directory | |
| 258 below the current directory. And the current directory might not be where the | |
| 259 file that you are editing is located. | |
| 260 | |
| 261 The 'path' option allows specifying the directories where to search for files | |
| 262 in many more ways. See the help on the 'path' option. | |
| 263 The 'isfname' option is used to decide which characters are included in the | |
| 264 file name, and which ones are not (e.g., the " character in the example | |
| 265 above). | |
| 266 | |
| 267 When you know the file name, but it's not to be found in the file, you can | |
| 268 type it: > | |
| 269 | |
| 270 :find inits.h | |
| 271 | |
| 272 Vim will then use the 'path' option to try and locate the file. This is the | |
| 273 same as the ":edit" command, except for the use of 'path'. | |
| 274 | |
| 275 To open the found file in a new window use CTRL-W f instead of "gf", or use | |
| 276 ":sfind" instead of ":find". | |
| 277 | |
| 278 | |
| 279 A nice way to directly start Vim to edit a file somewhere in the 'path': > | |
| 280 | |
| 281 vim "+find stdio.h" | |
| 282 | |
| 283 This finds the file "stdio.h" in your value of 'path'. The quotes are | |
| 284 necessary to have one argument |-+c|. | |
| 285 | |
| 286 ============================================================================== | |
| 287 *22.4* The buffer list | |
| 288 | |
| 289 The Vim editor uses the term buffer to describe a file being edited. | |
| 290 Actually, a buffer is a copy of the file that you edit. When you finish | |
| 291 changing the buffer, you write the contents of the buffer to the file. | |
| 292 Buffers not only contain file contents, but also all the marks, settings, and | |
| 293 other stuff that goes with it. | |
| 294 | |
| 295 | |
| 296 HIDDEN BUFFERS | |
| 297 | |
| 298 Suppose you are editing the file one.txt and need to edit the file two.txt. | |
| 299 You could simply use ":edit two.txt", but since you made changes to one.txt | |
| 300 that won't work. You also don't want to write one.txt yet. Vim has a | |
| 301 solution for you: > | |
| 302 | |
| 303 :hide edit two.txt | |
| 304 | |
| 305 The buffer "one.txt" disappears from the screen, but Vim still knows that you | |
| 306 are editing this buffer, so it keeps the modified text. This is called a | |
| 307 hidden buffer: The buffer contains text, but you can't see it. | |
| 1618 | 308 The argument of ":hide" is another command. ":hide" makes that command |
| 309 behave as if the 'hidden' option was set. You could also set this option | |
| 7 | 310 yourself. The effect is that when any buffer is abandoned, it becomes hidden. |
| 311 Be careful! When you have hidden buffers with changes, don't exit Vim | |
| 312 without making sure you have saved all the buffers. | |
| 313 | |
| 314 | |
| 315 INACTIVE BUFFERS | |
| 316 | |
| 317 When a buffer has been used once, Vim remembers some information about it. | |
| 318 When it is not displayed in a window and it is not hidden, it is still in the | |
| 319 buffer list. This is called an inactive buffer. Overview: | |
| 320 | |
| 321 Active Appears in a window, text loaded. | |
| 322 Hidden Not in a window, text loaded. | |
| 323 Inactive Not in a window, no text loaded. | |
| 324 | |
| 325 The inactive buffers are remembered, because Vim keeps information about them, | |
| 326 like marks. And remembering the file name is useful too, so that you can see | |
| 327 which files you have edited. And edit them again. | |
| 328 | |
| 329 | |
| 330 LISTING BUFFERS | |
| 331 | |
| 332 View the buffer list with this command: > | |
| 333 | |
| 334 :buffers | |
| 335 | |
| 336 A command which does the same, is not so obvious to list buffers, but is much | |
| 337 shorter to type: > | |
| 338 | |
| 339 :ls | |
| 340 | |
| 341 The output could look like this: | |
| 342 | |
| 3920 | 343 1 #h "help.txt" line 62 ~ |
| 344 2 %a + "usr_21.txt" line 1 ~ | |
| 345 3 "usr_toc.txt" line 1 ~ | |
| 7 | 346 |
| 347 The first column contains the buffer number. You can use this to edit the | |
| 348 buffer without having to type the name, see below. | |
| 349 After the buffer number come the flags. Then the name of the file | |
| 350 and the line number where the cursor was the last time. | |
| 351 The flags that can appear are these (from left to right): | |
| 352 | |
| 353 u Buffer is unlisted |unlisted-buffer|. | |
| 354 % Current buffer. | |
| 355 # Alternate buffer. | |
| 236 | 356 a Buffer is loaded and displayed. |
| 7 | 357 h Buffer is loaded but hidden. |
| 358 = Buffer is read-only. | |
| 359 - Buffer is not modifiable, the 'modifiable' option is off. | |
| 360 + Buffer has been modified. | |
| 361 | |
| 362 | |
| 363 EDITING A BUFFER | |
| 364 | |
| 365 You can edit a buffer by its number. That avoids having to type the file | |
| 366 name: > | |
| 367 | |
| 368 :buffer 2 | |
| 369 | |
| 370 But the only way to know the number is by looking in the buffer list. You can | |
| 371 use the name, or part of it, instead: > | |
| 372 | |
| 373 :buffer help | |
| 374 | |
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375 Vim will find the best match for the name you type. If there is only one |
| 7 | 376 buffer that matches the name, it will be used. In this case "help.txt". |
| 377 To open a buffer in a new window: > | |
| 378 | |
| 379 :sbuffer 3 | |
| 380 | |
| 381 This works with a name as well. | |
| 382 | |
| 383 | |
| 384 USING THE BUFFER LIST | |
| 385 | |
| 386 You can move around in the buffer list with these commands: | |
| 387 | |
| 388 :bnext go to next buffer | |
| 389 :bprevious go to previous buffer | |
| 390 :bfirst go to the first buffer | |
| 391 :blast go to the last buffer | |
| 392 | |
| 393 To remove a buffer from the list, use this command: > | |
| 394 | |
| 395 :bdelete 3 | |
| 396 | |
| 397 Again, this also works with a name. | |
| 398 If you delete a buffer that was active (visible in a window), that window | |
| 399 will be closed. If you delete the current buffer, the current window will be | |
| 400 closed. If it was the last window, Vim will find another buffer to edit. You | |
| 401 can't be editing nothing! | |
| 402 | |
| 403 Note: | |
| 404 Even after removing the buffer with ":bdelete" Vim still remembers it. | |
| 405 It's actually made "unlisted", it no longer appears in the list from | |
| 406 ":buffers". The ":buffers!" command will list unlisted buffers (yes, | |
| 407 Vim can do the impossible). To really make Vim forget about a buffer, | |
| 408 use ":bwipe". Also see the 'buflisted' option. | |
| 409 | |
| 410 ============================================================================== | |
| 411 | |
| 412 Next chapter: |usr_23.txt| Editing other files | |
| 413 | |
| 14519 | 414 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |