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annotate runtime/doc/os_win32.txt @ 32998:d55bf5bbcb6f v9.0.1791

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patch 9.0.1791: No tests for the termdebug plugin Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/58f39d89a8adff51ab04893d1fd28e3767979f9f Author: Yegappan Lakshmanan <yegappan@yahoo.com> Date: Sun Aug 27 11:14:44 2023 +0200 patch 9.0.1791: No tests for the termdebug plugin Problem: No tests for the termdebug plugin Solution: Add some simple tests for the termdebug plugin closes: #12927 Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> Co-authored-by: Yegappan Lakshmanan <yegappan@yahoo.com>
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Sun, 27 Aug 2023 11:30:06 +0200
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children 3e0e82f87029
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1 *os_win32.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2022 Sep 18
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3
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by George Reilly
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5
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6
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7 *win32* *Win32* *MS-Windows*
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8 This file documents the idiosyncrasies of the Win32 version of Vim.
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9
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10 The Win32 version of Vim works on Windows 7, 8, 10 and 11. There are both
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11 console and GUI versions.
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12
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13 If you have Windows XP or Vista then Vim 9.0 up to patch level 495 can be
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14 used.
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15
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16 The 32 bit version also runs on 64 bit MS-Windows systems.
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17
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18 1. Known problems |win32-problems|
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19 2. Startup |win32-startup|
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20 3. Restore screen contents |win32-restore|
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21 4. Using the mouse |win32-mouse|
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22 5. Running under Windows 95 |win32-win95|
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23 6. Running under Windows 3.1 |win32-win3.1|
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24 7. Installation package |win32-installer|
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25 8. Win32 mini FAQ |win32-faq|
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26
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27 Additionally, there are a number of common Win32 and DOS items:
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28 File locations |dos-locations|
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29 Using backslashes |dos-backslash|
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30 Standard mappings |dos-standard-mappings|
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31 Screen output and colors |dos-colors|
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32 File formats |dos-file-formats|
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33 :cd command |dos-:cd|
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34 Interrupting |dos-CTRL-Break|
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35 Temp files |dos-temp-files|
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36 Shell option default |dos-shell|
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37 PowerShell defaults |dos-powershell|
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38
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39 Win32 GUI |gui-w32|
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40
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41 Credits:
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42 The Win32 version was written by George V. Reilly <george@reilly.org>.
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43 The original Windows NT port was done by Roger Knobbe <RogerK@wonderware.com>.
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44 The GUI version was made by George V. Reilly and Robert Webb.
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45
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46 For compiling see "src/INSTALLpc.txt". *win32-compiling*
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47
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48 *WSL*
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49 When using Vim on WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) the remarks here do not
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50 apply, `has('win32')` will return false then. In case you need to know
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51 whether Vim is running on WSL you can use `exists('$WSLENV')`.
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52
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53 ==============================================================================
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54 1. Known problems *win32-problems*
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55
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56 When doing file name completion, Vim also finds matches for the short file
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57 name. But Vim will still find and use the corresponding long file name. For
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58 example, if you have the long file name "this_is_a_test" with the short file
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59 name "this_i~1", the command ":e *1" will start editing "this_is_a_test".
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60
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61 ==============================================================================
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62 2. Startup *win32-startup*
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63
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64 Current directory *win32-curdir*
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65
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66 If Vim is started with a single file name argument, and it has a full path
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67 (starts with "x:\"), Vim assumes it was started from the file explorer and
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68 will set the current directory to where that file is. To avoid this when
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69 typing a command to start Vim, use a forward slash instead of a backslash.
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70 Example: >
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71
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72 vim c:\text\files\foo.txt
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73
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74 Will change to the "C:\text\files" directory. >
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75
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76 vim c:/text\files\foo.txt
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77
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78 Will use the current directory.
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79
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80
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81 Term option *win32-term*
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82
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83 The only kind of terminal type that the Win32 version of Vim understands is
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84 "win32", which is built-in. If you set 'term' to anything else, you will
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85 probably get very strange behavior from Vim. Therefore Vim does not obtain
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86 the default value of 'term' from the environment variable "TERM".
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87
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88 $PATH *win32-PATH*
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89
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90 The directory of the Vim executable is appended to $PATH. This is mostly to
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91 make "!xxd" work, as it is in the Tools menu. And it also means that when
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92 executable() returns 1 the executable can actually be executed.
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93
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94 Command line arguments *win32-cmdargs*
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95
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96 Analysis of a command line into parameters is not standardised in MS-Windows.
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97 Vim and gvim used to use different logic to parse it (before 7.4.432), and the
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98 logic was also depended on what it was compiled with. Now Vim and gvim both
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99 use the CommandLineToArgvW() Win32 API, so they behave in the same way.
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100
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101 The basic rules are: *win32-backslashes*
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102 a) A parameter is a sequence of graphic characters.
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103 b) Parameters are separated by white space.
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104 c) A parameter can be enclosed in double quotes to include white space.
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105 d) A sequence of zero or more backslashes (\) and a double quote (")
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106 is special. The effective number of backslashes is halved, rounded
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107 down. An even number of backslashes reverses the acceptability of
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108 spaces and tabs, an odd number of backslashes produces a literal
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109 double quote.
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110
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111 So:
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112 " is a special double quote
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113 \" is a literal double quote
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114 \\" is a literal backslash and a special double quote
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115 \\\" is a literal backslash and a literal double quote
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116 \\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a special double quote
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117 \\\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a literal double quote
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118 etc.
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119
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120 Example: >
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121 vim "C:\My Music\freude" +"set ignorecase" +/"\"foo\\" +\"bar\\\"
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122
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123 opens "C:\My Music\freude" and executes the line mode commands: >
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124 set ignorecase; /"foo\ and /bar\"
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125
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126 These rules are also described in the reference of the CommandLineToArgvW API:
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127 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb776391.aspx
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128
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129 *win32-quotes*
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130 There are additional rules for quotes (which are not well documented).
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131 As described above, quotes inside a file name (or any other command line
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132 argument) can be escaped with a backslash. E.g. >
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133 vim -c "echo 'foo\"bar'"
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134
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135 Alternatively use three quotes to get one: >
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136 vim -c "echo 'foo"""bar'"
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137
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138 The quotation rules are:
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139
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140 1. A `"` starts quotation.
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141 2. Another `"` or `""` ends quotation. If the quotation ends with `""`, a `"`
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142 is produced at the end of the quoted string.
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143
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144 Examples, with [] around an argument:
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145 "foo" -> [foo]
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146 "foo"" -> [foo"]
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147 "foo"bar -> [foobar]
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148 "foo" bar -> [foo], [bar]
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149 "foo""bar -> [foo"bar]
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150 "foo"" bar -> [foo"], [bar]
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151 "foo"""bar" -> [foo"bar]
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152
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153
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154 ==============================================================================
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155 3. Restore screen contents *win32-restore*
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156
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157 When 'restorescreen' is set (which is the default), Vim will restore the
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158 original contents of the console when exiting or when executing external
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159 commands. If you don't want this, use ":set nors". |'restorescreen'|
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160
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161 ==============================================================================
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162 4. Using the mouse *win32-mouse*
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163
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164 The Win32 version of Vim supports using the mouse. If you have a two-button
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165 mouse, the middle button can be emulated by pressing both left and right
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166 buttons simultaneously - but note that in the Win32 GUI, if you have the right
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167 mouse button pop-up menu enabled (see 'mouse'), you should err on the side of
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168 pressing the left button first. |mouse-using|
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169
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170 When the mouse doesn't work, try disabling the "Quick Edit Mode" feature of
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171 the console.
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172
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173 ==============================================================================
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174 5. Running under Windows 95 *win32-win95*
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175 *windows95* *windows98* *windowsme*
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176 Windows 95/98/ME support was removed in patch 8.0.0029 If you want to use it
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177 you will need to get a version older than that.
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178
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179 ==============================================================================
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180 6. Running under Windows 3.1 *win32-win3.1*
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181
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182 *win32s* *windows-3.1* *gui-w32s* *win16*
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183 There was a special version of gvim that runs under Windows 3.1 and 3.11.
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184 Support was removed in patch 7.4.1364.
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185
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186 ==============================================================================
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187 7. Installation package *win32-installer*
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188
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189 A simple installer for windows is available at http://www.vim.org/download.php
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190 (stable version) and nightly builds are also available at
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191 https://github.com/vim/vim-win32-installer/releases/
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192
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193 The nightly builds include 32bit and 64bit builds, have most features enabled
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194 and usually also contain an extra cryptographic signed installer, so Windows
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195 will not complain.
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196
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197 To use the installer, simply run the exe file. The following switches are
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198 also supported: >
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199
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200 gvim_<version>.exe /S -> silent install without any dialogues
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201 gvim_<version>.exe /D=C:\vim -> Install into directory c:\vim
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202 -> /D must be the last argument
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203 gvim_<version>.exe /S /D=c:\vim -> silent install into c:\vim
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204 <
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205 The default installation directory can alternatively be given by setting the
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206 $VIM environment variable.
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207
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208 ==============================================================================
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209 8. Win32 mini FAQ *win32-faq*
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210
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211 Q. How do I change the font?
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212 A. In the GUI version, you can use the 'guifont' option. Example: >
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213 :set guifont=Lucida_Console:h15:cDEFAULT
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214 < In the console version, you need to set the font of the console itself.
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215 You cannot do this from within Vim.
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216
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217 Q. How do I type dead keys on Windows NT?
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218 A. Dead keys work on NT 3.51. Just type them as you would in any other
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219 application.
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220 On NT 4.0, you need to make sure that the default locale (set in the
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221 Keyboard part of the Control Panel) is the same as the currently active
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222 locale. Otherwise the NT code will get confused and crash! This is a NT
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223 4.0 problem, not really a Vim problem.
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224
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225 Q. I'm using Vim to edit a symbolically linked file on a Unix NFS file server.
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226 When I write the file, Vim does not "write through" the symlink. Instead,
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227 it deletes the symbolic link and creates a new file in its place. Why?
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228 A. On Unix, Vim is prepared for links (symbolic or hard). A backup copy of
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229 the original file is made and then the original file is overwritten. This
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230 assures that all properties of the file remain the same. On non-Unix
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231 systems, the original file is renamed and a new file is written. Only the
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232 protection bits are set like the original file. However, this doesn't work
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233 properly when working on an NFS-mounted file system where links and other
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234 things exist. The only way to fix this in the current version is not
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235 making a backup file, by ":set nobackup nowritebackup" |'writebackup'|
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236
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237 Q. I'm using Vim to edit a file on a Unix file server through Samba. When I
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238 write the file, the owner of the file is changed. Why?
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239 A. When writing a file Vim renames the original file, this is a backup (in
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240 case writing the file fails halfway). Then the file is written as a new
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241 file. Samba then gives it the default owner for the file system, which may
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242 differ from the original owner.
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243 To avoid this set the 'backupcopy' option to "yes". Vim will then make a
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244 copy of the file for the backup, and overwrite the original file. The
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245 owner isn't changed then.
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246
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247 Q. How do I get to see the output of ":make" while it's running?
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248 A. Basically what you need is to put a tee program that will copy its input
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249 (the output from make) to both stdout and to the errorfile. You can find a
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250 copy of tee (and a number of other GNU tools) at
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251 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net or http://unxutils.sourceforge.net
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252 Alternatively, try the more recent Cygnus version of the GNU tools at
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253 http://www.cygwin.com Other Unix-style tools for Win32 are listed at
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254 http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/
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255 When you do get a copy of tee, you'll need to add >
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256 :set shellpipe=\|\ tee
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257 < to your _vimrc.
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258
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259 Q. I'm storing files on a remote machine that works with VisionFS, and files
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260 disappear!
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261 A. VisionFS can't handle certain dot (.) three letter extension file names.
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262 SCO declares this behavior required for backwards compatibility with 16bit
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263 DOS/Windows environments. The two commands below demonstrate the behavior:
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264 >
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265 echo Hello > file.bat~
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266 dir > file.bat
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267 <
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268 The result is that the "dir" command updates the "file.bat~" file, instead
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269 of creating a new "file.bat" file. This same behavior is exhibited in Vim
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270 when editing an existing file named "foo.bat" because the default behavior
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271 of Vim is to create a temporary file with a '~' character appended to the
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272 name. When the file is written, it winds up being deleted.
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273
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274 Solution: Add this command to your _vimrc file: >
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275 :set backupext=.temporary
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276
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277 Q. How do I change the blink rate of the cursor?
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278 A. You can't! This is a limitation of the NT console. NT 5.0 is reported to
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279 be able to set the blink rate for all console windows at the same time.
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280
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281 *:!start*
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282 Q. How can I asynchronously run an external command or program, or open a
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283 document or URL with its default program?
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284 A. When using :! to run an external command, you can run it with "start". For
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285 example, to run notepad: >
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286 :!start notepad
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287 < To open "image.jpg" with the default image viewer: >
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288 :!start image.jpg
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289 < To open the folder of the current file in Windows Explorer: >
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290 :!start %:h
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291 < To open the Vim home page with the default browser: >
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292 :!start http://www.vim.org/
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293 <
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294 Using "start" stops Vim switching to another screen, opening a new console,
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295 or waiting for the program to complete; it indicates that you are running a
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296 program that does not affect the files you are editing. Programs begun
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297 with :!start do not get passed Vim's open file handles, which means they do
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298 not have to be closed before Vim.
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299 To avoid this special treatment, use ":! start".
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300 There are two optional arguments (see the next Q):
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301 /min the window will be minimized
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302 /b no console window will be opened
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303 You can use only one of these flags at a time. A second one will be
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304 treated as the start of the command.
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305 *windows-asynchronously*
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306 Q. How do I avoid getting a window for programs that I run asynchronously?
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307 A. You have two possible solutions depending on what you want:
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308 1) You may use the /min flag in order to run program in a minimized state
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309 with no other changes. It will work equally for console and GUI
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310 applications.
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311 2) You can use the /b flag to run console applications without creating a
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312 console window for them (GUI applications are not affected). But you
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313 should use this flag only if the application you run doesn't require any
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314 input. Otherwise it will get an EOF error because its input stream
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315 (stdin) would be redirected to \\.\NUL (stdout and stderr too).
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316
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317 Example for a console application, run Exuberant ctags: >
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318 :!start /min ctags -R .
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319 < When it has finished you should see file named "tags" in your current
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320 directory. You should notice the window title blinking on your taskbar.
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321 This is more noticeable for commands that take longer.
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322 Now delete the "tags" file and run this command: >
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323 :!start /b ctags -R .
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324 < You should have the same "tags" file, but this time there will be no
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325 blinking on the taskbar.
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326 Example for a GUI application: >
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327 :!start /min notepad
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328 :!start /b notepad
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329 < The first command runs notepad minimized and the second one runs it
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330 normally.
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331
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332 *windows-icon*
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333 Q. I don't like the Vim icon, can I change it?
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334 A. Yes, place your favorite icon in bitmaps/vim.ico in a directory of
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335 'runtimepath'. For example ~/vimfiles/bitmaps/vim.ico.
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336
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337
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338 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: