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1 *if_perl.txt* For Vim version 7.1. Last change: 2006 Mar 06
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Sven Verdoolaege
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5 and Matt Gerassimof
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7 Perl and Vim *perl* *Perl*
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8
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9 1. Editing Perl files |perl-editing|
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10 2. Compiling VIM with Perl interface |perl-compiling|
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11 3. Using the Perl interface |perl-using|
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12 4. Dynamic loading |perl-dynamic|
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13
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14 {Vi does not have any of these commands}
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15
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16 The Perl interface only works when Vim was compiled with the |+perl| feature.
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17
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18 ==============================================================================
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19 1. Editing Perl files *perl-editing*
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20
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21 Vim syntax highlighting supports Perl and POD files. Vim assumes a file is
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22 Perl code if the filename has a .pl or .pm suffix. Vim also examines the first
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23 line of a file, regardless of the filename suffix, to check if a file is a
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24 Perl script (see scripts.vim in Vim's syntax directory). Vim assumes a file
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25 is POD text if the filename has a .POD suffix.
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26
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27 To use tags with Perl, you need a recent version of Exuberant ctags. Look
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28 here:
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29 http://ctags.sourceforge.net
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30
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31 Alternatively, you can use the Perl script pltags.pl, which is shipped with
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32 Vim in the $VIMRUNTIME/tools directory. This script has currently more
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33 features than Exuberant ctags' Perl support.
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34
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35 ==============================================================================
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36 2. Compiling VIM with Perl interface *perl-compiling*
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37
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38 To compile Vim with Perl interface, you need Perl 5.004 (or later). Perl must
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39 be installed before you compile Vim. Vim's Perl interface does NOT work with
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40 the 5.003 version that has been officially released! It will probably work
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41 with Perl 5.003_05 and later.
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42
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43 The Perl patches for Vim were made by:
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44 Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@breughel.ufsia.ac.be>
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45 Matt Gerassimof
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46
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47 Perl for MS-Windows can be found at:
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48 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ports/nt/Standard/x86/
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49
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50 ==============================================================================
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51 3. Using the Perl interface *perl-using*
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52
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53 *:perl* *:pe*
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54 :pe[rl] {cmd} Execute Perl command {cmd}. The current package
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55 is "main".
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56
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57 :pe[rl] << {endpattern}
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58 {script}
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59 {endpattern}
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60 Execute Perl script {script}.
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61 {endpattern} must NOT be preceded by any white space.
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62 If {endpattern} is omitted, it defaults to a dot '.'
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63 like for the |:append| and |:insert| commands. Using
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64 '.' helps when inside a function, because "$i;" looks
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65 like the start of an |:insert| command to Vim.
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66 This form of the |:perl| command is mainly useful for
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67 including perl code in vim scripts.
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68 Note: This command doesn't work when the Perl feature
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69 wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see
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70 |script-here|.
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71
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72
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73 Example vim script: >
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74
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75 function! WhitePearl()
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76 perl << EOF
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77 VIM::Msg("pearls are nice for necklaces");
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78 VIM::Msg("rubys for rings");
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79 VIM::Msg("pythons for bags");
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80 VIM::Msg("tcls????");
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81 EOF
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82 endfunction
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83 <
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84
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85 *:perldo* *:perld*
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86 :[range]perld[o] {cmd} Execute Perl command {cmd} for each line in the
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87 [range], with $_ being set to the text of each line in
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88 turn, without a trailing <EOL>. Setting $_ will change
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89 the text, but note that it is not possible to add or
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90 delete lines using this command.
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91 The default for [range] is the whole file: "1,$".
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92
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93 Here are some things you can try: >
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94
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95 :perl $a=1
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96 :perldo $_ = reverse($_);1
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97 :perl VIM::Msg("hello")
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98 :perl $line = $curbuf->Get(42)
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99 <
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100 *E299*
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101 Executing Perl commands in the |sandbox| is limited. ":perldo" will not be
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102 possible at all. ":perl" will be evaluated in the Safe environment, if
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103 possible.
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104
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105
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106 *perl-overview*
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107 Here is an overview of the functions that are available to Perl: >
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108
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109 :perl VIM::Msg("Text") # displays a message
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110 :perl VIM::Msg("Error", "ErrorMsg") # displays an error message
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111 :perl VIM::Msg("remark", "Comment") # displays a highlighted message
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112 :perl VIM::SetOption("ai") # sets a vim option
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113 :perl $nbuf = VIM::Buffers() # returns the number of buffers
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114 :perl @buflist = VIM::Buffers() # returns array of all buffers
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115 :perl $mybuf = (VIM::Buffers('qq.c'))[0] # returns buffer object for 'qq.c'
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116 :perl @winlist = VIM::Windows() # returns array of all windows
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117 :perl $nwin = VIM::Windows() # returns the number of windows
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118 :perl ($success, $v) = VIM::Eval('&path') # $v: option 'path', $success: 1
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119 :perl ($success, $v) = VIM::Eval('&xyz') # $v: '' and $success: 0
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120 :perl $v = VIM::Eval('expand("<cfile>")') # expands <cfile>
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121 :perl $curwin->SetHeight(10) # sets the window height
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122 :perl @pos = $curwin->Cursor() # returns (row, col) array
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123 :perl @pos = (10, 10)
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124 :perl $curwin->Cursor(@pos) # sets cursor to @pos
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125 :perl $curwin->Cursor(10,10) # sets cursor to row 10 col 10
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126 :perl $mybuf = $curwin->Buffer() # returns the buffer object for window
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127 :perl $curbuf->Name() # returns buffer name
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128 :perl $curbuf->Number() # returns buffer number
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129 :perl $curbuf->Count() # returns the number of lines
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130 :perl $l = $curbuf->Get(10) # returns line 10
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131 :perl @l = $curbuf->Get(1 .. 5) # returns lines 1 through 5
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132 :perl $curbuf->Delete(10) # deletes line 10
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133 :perl $curbuf->Delete(10, 20) # delete lines 10 through 20
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134 :perl $curbuf->Append(10, "Line") # appends a line
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135 :perl $curbuf->Append(10, "Line1", "Line2", "Line3") # appends 3 lines
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136 :perl @l = ("L1", "L2", "L3")
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137 :perl $curbuf->Append(10, @l) # appends L1, L2 and L3
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138 :perl $curbuf->Set(10, "Line") # replaces line 10
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139 :perl $curbuf->Set(10, "Line1", "Line2") # replaces lines 10 and 11
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140 :perl $curbuf->Set(10, @l) # replaces 3 lines
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141 <
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142 *perl-Msg*
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143 VIM::Msg({msg}, {group}?)
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144 Displays the message {msg}. The optional {group}
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145 argument specifies a highlight group for Vim to use
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146 for the message.
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147
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148 *perl-SetOption*
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149 VIM::SetOption({arg}) Sets a vim option. {arg} can be any argument that the
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150 ":set" command accepts. Note that this means that no
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151 spaces are allowed in the argument! See |:set|.
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152
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153 *perl-Buffers*
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154 VIM::Buffers([{bn}...]) With no arguments, returns a list of all the buffers
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155 in an array context or returns the number of buffers
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156 in a scalar context. For a list of buffer names or
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157 numbers {bn}, returns a list of the buffers matching
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158 {bn}, using the same rules as Vim's internal
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159 |bufname()| function.
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160 WARNING: the list becomes invalid when |:bwipe| is
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161 used. Using it anyway may crash Vim.
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162
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163 *perl-Windows*
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164 VIM::Windows([{wn}...]) With no arguments, returns a list of all the windows
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165 in an array context or returns the number of windows
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166 in a scalar context. For a list of window numbers
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167 {wn}, returns a list of the windows with those
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168 numbers.
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169 WARNING: the list becomes invalid when a window is
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170 closed. Using it anyway may crash Vim.
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171
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172 *perl-DoCommand*
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173 VIM::DoCommand({cmd}) Executes Ex command {cmd}.
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174
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175 *perl-Eval*
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176 VIM::Eval({expr}) Evaluates {expr} and returns (success, val).
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177 success=1 indicates that val contains the value of
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178 {expr}; success=0 indicates a failure to evaluate
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179 the expression. '@x' returns the contents of register
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180 x, '&x' returns the value of option x, 'x' returns the
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181 value of internal |variables| x, and '$x' is equivalent
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182 to perl's $ENV{x}. All |functions| accessible from
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183 the command-line are valid for {expr}.
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184 A |List| is turned into a string by joining the items
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185 and inserting line breaks.
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186
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187 *perl-SetHeight*
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188 Window->SetHeight({height})
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189 Sets the Window height to {height}, within screen
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190 limits.
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191
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192 *perl-GetCursor*
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193 Window->Cursor({row}?, {col}?)
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194 With no arguments, returns a (row, col) array for the
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195 current cursor position in the Window. With {row} and
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196 {col} arguments, sets the Window's cursor position to
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197 {row} and {col}. Note that {col} is numbered from 0,
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198 Perl-fashion, and thus is one less than the value in
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199 Vim's ruler.
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200
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201 Window->Buffer() *perl-Buffer*
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202 Returns the Buffer object corresponding to the given
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203 Window.
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204
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205 *perl-Name*
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206 Buffer->Name() Returns the filename for the Buffer.
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207
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208 *perl-Number*
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209 Buffer->Number() Returns the number of the Buffer.
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210
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211 *perl-Count*
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212 Buffer->Count() Returns the number of lines in the Buffer.
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213
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214 *perl-Get*
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215 Buffer->Get({lnum}, {lnum}?, ...)
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216 Returns a text string of line {lnum} in the Buffer
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217 for each {lnum} specified. An array can be passed
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218 with a list of {lnum}'s specified.
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219
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220 *perl-Delete*
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221 Buffer->Delete({lnum}, {lnum}?)
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222 Deletes line {lnum} in the Buffer. With the second
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223 {lnum}, deletes the range of lines from the first
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224 {lnum} to the second {lnum}.
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225
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226 *perl-Append*
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227 Buffer->Append({lnum}, {line}, {line}?, ...)
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228 Appends each {line} string after Buffer line {lnum}.
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229 The list of {line}s can be an array.
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230
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231 *perl-Set*
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232 Buffer->Set({lnum}, {line}, {line}?, ...)
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233 Replaces one or more Buffer lines with specified
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234 {lines}s, starting at Buffer line {lnum}. The list of
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235 {line}s can be an array. If the arguments are
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236 invalid, replacement does not occur.
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237
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238 $main::curwin
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239 The current window object.
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240
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241 $main::curbuf
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242 The current buffer object.
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243
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244
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245 *script-here*
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246 When using a script language in-line, you might want to skip this when the
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247 language isn't supported. But this mechanism doesn't work: >
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248 if has('perl')
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249 perl << EOF
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250 this will NOT work!
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251 EOF
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252 endif
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253 Instead, put the Perl/Python/Ruby/etc. command in a function and call that
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254 function: >
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255 if has('perl')
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256 function DefPerl()
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257 perl << EOF
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258 this works
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259 EOF
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260 endfunction
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261 call DefPerl()
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262 endif
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263 Note that "EOF" must be at the start of the line.
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264
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265 ==============================================================================
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266 4. Dynamic loading *perl-dynamic*
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267
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268 On MS-Windows the Perl library can be loaded dynamically. The |:version|
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269 output then includes |+perl/dyn|.
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270
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271 This means that Vim will search for the Perl DLL file only when needed. When
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272 you don't use the Perl interface you don't need it, thus you can use Vim
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273 without this DLL file.
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274
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275 To use the Perl interface the Perl DLL must be in your search path. In a
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276 console window type "path" to see what directories are used.
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277
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278 The name of the DLL must match the Perl version Vim was compiled with.
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279 Currently the name is "perl58.dll". That is for Perl 5.8. To know for
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280 sure edit "gvim.exe" and search for "perl\d*.dll\c".
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281
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282 ==============================================================================
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283 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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