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1 *filetype.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Aug 31
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3
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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5
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6
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7 Filetypes *filetype* *file-type*
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8
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9 1. Filetypes |filetypes|
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10 2. Filetype plugin |filetype-plugins|
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11 3. Docs for the default filetype plugins. |ftplugin-docs|
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12
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13 Also see |autocmd.txt|.
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14
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15 {Vi does not have any of these commands}
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16
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17 ==============================================================================
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18 1. Filetypes *filetypes* *file-types*
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19
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20 Vim can detect the type of file that is edited. This is done by checking the
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21 file name and sometimes by inspecting the contents of the file for specific
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22 text.
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23
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24 *:filetype* *:filet*
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25 To enable file type detection, use this command in your vimrc: >
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26 :filetype on
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27 Each time a new or existing file is edited, Vim will try to recognize the type
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28 of the file and set the 'filetype' option. This will trigger the FileType
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29 event, which can be used to set the syntax highlighting, set options, etc.
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30
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31 NOTE: Filetypes and 'compatible' don't work together well, since being Vi
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32 compatible means options are global. Resetting 'compatible' is recommended,
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33 if you didn't do that already.
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34
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35 Detail: The ":filetype on" command will load one of these files:
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36 Amiga $VIMRUNTIME/filetype.vim
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37 Mac $VIMRUNTIME:filetype.vim
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38 MS-DOS $VIMRUNTIME\filetype.vim
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39 RiscOS Vim:Filetype
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40 Unix $VIMRUNTIME/filetype.vim
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41 VMS $VIMRUNTIME/filetype.vim
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42 This file is a Vim script that defines autocommands for the
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43 BufNewFile and BufRead events. If the file type is not found by the
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44 name, the file $VIMRUNTIME/scripts.vim is used to detect it from the
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45 contents of the file.
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46
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47 To add your own file types, see |new-filetype| below.
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48
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49 If the file type is not detected automatically, or it finds the wrong type,
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50 you can either set the 'filetype' option manually, or add a modeline to your
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51 file. Example, for in an IDL file use the command: >
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52 :set filetype=idl
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53 or add this |modeline| to the file: >
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54 /* vim: set filetype=idl : */
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55 <
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56 *:filetype-plugin-on*
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57 You can enable loading the plugin files for specific file types with: >
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58 :filetype plugin on
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59 If filetype detection was not switched on yet, it will be as well.
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60 This actually loads the file "ftplugin.vim" in 'runtimepath'.
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61 The result is that when a file is edited its plugin file is loaded (if there
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62 is one for the detected filetype). |filetype-plugin|
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63
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64 *:filetype-plugin-off*
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65 You can disable it again with: >
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66 :filetype plugin off
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67 The filetype detection is not switched off then. But if you do switch off
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68 filetype detection, the plugins will not be loaded either.
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69 This actually loads the file "ftplugof.vim" in 'runtimepath'.
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70
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71 *:filetype-indent-on*
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72 You can enable loading the indent file for specific file types with: >
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73 :filetype indent on
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74 If filetype detection was not switched on yet, it will be as well.
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75 This actually loads the file "indent.vim" in 'runtimepath'.
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76 The result is that when a file is edited its indent file is loaded (if there
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77 is one for the detected filetype). |indent-expression|
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78
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79 *:filetype-indent-off*
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80 You can disable it again with: >
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81 :filetype indent off
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82 The filetype detection is not switched off then. But if you do switch off
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83 filetype detection, the indent files will not be loaded either.
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84 This actually loads the file "indoff.vim" in 'runtimepath'.
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85 This disables auto-indenting for files you will open. It will keep working in
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86 already opened files. Reset 'autoindent', 'cindent', 'smartindent' and/or
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87 'indentexpr' to disable indenting in an opened file.
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88
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89 *:filetype-off*
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90 To disable file type detection, use this command: >
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91 :filetype off
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92 This will keep the flags for "plugin" and "indent", but since no file types
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93 are being detected, they won't work until the next ":filetype on".
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94
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95
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96 Overview: *:filetype-overview*
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97
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98 command detection plugin indent ~
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99 :filetype on on unchanged unchanged
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100 :filetype off off unchanged unchanged
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101 :filetype plugin on on on unchanged
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102 :filetype plugin off unchanged off unchanged
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103 :filetype indent on on unchanged on
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104 :filetype indent off unchanged unchanged off
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105 :filetype plugin indent on on on on
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106 :filetype plugin indent off unchanged off off
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107
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108 To see the current status, type: >
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109 :filetype
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110 The output looks something like this: >
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111 filetype detection:ON plugin:ON indent:OFF
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112
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113 The file types are also used for syntax highlighting. If the ":syntax on"
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114 command is used, the file type detection is installed too. There is no need
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115 to do ":filetype on" after ":syntax on".
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116
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117 To disable one of the file types, add a line in the your filetype file, see
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118 |remove-filetype|.
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119
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120 *filetype-detect*
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121 To detect the file type again: >
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122 :filetype detect
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123 Use this if you started with an empty file and typed text that makes it
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124 possible to detect the file type. For example, when you entered this in a
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125 shell script: "#!/bin/csh".
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126 When filetype detection was off, it will be enabled first, like the "on"
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127 argument was used.
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128
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129 *filetype-overrule*
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130 When the same extension is used for two filetypes, Vim tries to guess what
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131 kind of file it is. This doesn't always work. A number of global variables
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132 can be used to overrule the filetype used for certain extensions:
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133
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134 file name variable ~
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135 *.asa g:filetype_asa |aspvbs-syntax| |aspperl-syntax|
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136 *.asp g:filetype_asp |aspvbs-syntax| |aspperl-syntax|
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137 *.asm g:asmsyntax |asm-syntax|
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138 *.prg g:filetype_prg
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139 *.pl g:filetype_pl
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140 *.inc g:filetype_inc
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141 *.w g:filetype_w |cweb-syntax|
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142 *.i g:filetype_i |progress-syntax|
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143 *.p g:filetype_p |pascal-syntax|
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144 *.sh g:bash_is_sh |sh-syntax|
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145
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146 *filetype-ignore*
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147 To avoid that certain files are being inspected, the g:ft_ignore_pat variable
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148 is used. The default value is set like this: >
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149 :let g:ft_ignore_pat = '\.\(Z\|gz\|bz2\|zip\|tgz\)$'
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150 This means that the contents of compressed files are not inspected.
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151
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152 *new-filetype*
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153 If a file type that you want to use is not detected yet, there are four ways
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154 to add it. In any way, it's better not to modify the $VIMRUNTIME/filetype.vim
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155 file. It will be overwritten when installing a new version of Vim.
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156
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157 A. If you want to overrule all default file type checks.
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158 This works by writing one file for each filetype. The disadvantage is that
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159 means there can be many files. The advantage is that you can simply drop
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160 this file in the right directory to make it work.
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22
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161 *ftdetect*
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162 1. Create your user runtime directory. You would normally use the first
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163 item of the 'runtimepath' option. Then create the directory "ftdetect"
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164 inside it. Example for Unix: >
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165 :!mkdir ~/.vim
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166 :!mkdir ~/.vim/ftdetect
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167 <
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168 2. Create a file that contains an autocommand to detect the file type.
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169 Example: >
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170 au BufRead,BufNewFile *.mine set filetype=mine
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171 < Note that there is no "augroup" command, this has already been done
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172 when sourcing your file. You could also use the pattern "*" and then
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173 check the contents of the file to recognize it.
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174 Write this file as "mine.vim" in the "ftdetect" directory in your user
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175 runtime directory. For example, for Unix: >
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176 :w ~/.vim/ftdetect/mine.vim
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177
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178 < 3. To use the new filetype detection you must restart Vim.
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179
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180 The files in the "ftdetect" directory are used after all the default
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181 checks, thus they can overrule a previously detected file type.
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182
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183 B. If you want to detect your file after the default file type checks.
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184
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185 This works like A above, but instead of setting 'filetype' unconditionally
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186 use ":setfiletype". This will only set 'filetype' if no file type was
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187 detected yet. Example: >
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188 au BufRead,BufNewFile *.txt setfiletype text
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189 <
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190 You can also use the already detected file type in your command. For
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191 example, to use the file type "mypascal" when "pascal" has been detected: >
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192 au BufRead,BufNewFile * if &ft == 'pascal' | set ft=mypascal
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193 | endif
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194
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195 C. If your file type can be detected by the file name.
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196 1. Create your user runtime directory. You would normally use the first
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197 item of the 'runtimepath' option. Example for Unix: >
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198 :!mkdir ~/.vim
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199 <
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200 2. Create a file that contains autocommands to detect the file type.
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201 Example: >
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202 " my filetype file
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203 if exists("did_load_filetypes")
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204 finish
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205 endif
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206 augroup filetypedetect
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207 au! BufRead,BufNewFile *.mine setfiletype mine
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208 au! BufRead,BufNewFile *.xyz setfiletype drawing
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209 augroup END
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210 < Write this file as "filetype.vim" in your user runtime directory. For
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211 example, for Unix: >
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212 :w ~/.vim/filetype.vim
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213
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214 < 3. To use the new filetype detection you must restart Vim.
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215
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216 Your filetype.vim will be sourced before the default FileType autocommands
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217 have been installed. Your autocommands will match first, and the
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218 ":setfiletype" command will make sure that no other autocommands will set
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219 'filetype' after this.
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220 *new-filetype-scripts*
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221 D. If your filetype can only be detected by inspecting the contents of the
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222 file.
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223
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224 1. Create your user runtime directory. You would normally use the first
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225 item of the 'runtimepath' option. Example for Unix: >
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226 :!mkdir ~/.vim
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227 <
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228 2. Create a vim script file for doing this. Example: >
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229 if did_filetype() " filetype already set..
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230 finish " ..don't do these checks
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231 endif
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232 if getline(1) =~ '^#!.*\<mine\>'
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233 setfiletype mine
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234 elseif getline(1) =~? '\<drawing\>'
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235 setfiletype drawing
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236 endif
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237 < See $VIMRUNTIME/scripts.vim for more examples.
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238 Write this file as "scripts.vim" in your user runtime directory. For
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239 example, for Unix: >
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240 :w ~/.vim/scripts.vim
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241 <
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242 3. The detection will work right away, no need to restart Vim.
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243
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244 Your scripts.vim is loaded before the default checks for file types, which
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245 means that your rules override the default rules in
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246 $VIMRUNTIME/scripts.vim.
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247
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248 *remove-filetype*
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249 If a file type is detected that is wrong for you, install a filetype.vim or
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250 scripts.vim to catch it (see above). You can set 'filetype' to a non-existing
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251 name to avoid that it will be set later anyway: >
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252 :set filetype=ignored
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253
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254 If you are setting up a system with many users, and you don't want each user
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255 to add/remove the same filetypes, consider writing the filetype.vim and
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256 scripts.vim files in a runtime directory that is used for everybody. Check
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257 the 'runtimepath' for a directory to use. If there isn't one, set
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258 'runtimepath' in the |system-vimrc|. Be careful to keep the default
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259 directories!
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260
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261
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262 *autocmd-osfiletypes*
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263 On operating systems which support storing a file type with the file, you can
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264 specify that an autocommand should only be executed if the file is of a
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265 certain type.
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266
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267 The actual type checking depends on which platform you are running Vim
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268 on; see your system's documentation for details.
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269
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270 To use osfiletype checking in an autocommand you should put a list of types to
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271 match in angle brackets in place of a pattern, like this: >
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272
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273 :au BufRead *.html,<&faf;HTML> runtime! syntax/html.vim
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274
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275 This will match:
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276
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277 - Any file whose name ends in `.html'
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278 - Any file whose type is `&faf' or 'HTML', where the meaning of these types
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279 depends on which version of Vim you are using.
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280 Unknown types are considered NOT to match.
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281
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282 You can also specify a type and a pattern at the same time (in which case they
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283 must both match): >
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284
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285 :au BufRead <&fff>diff*
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286
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287 This will match files of type `&fff' whose names start with `diff'.
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288
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289 Note that osfiletype checking is skipped if Vim is compiled without the
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290 |+osfiletype| feature.
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291
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292 *plugin-details*
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293 The "plugin" directory can be in any of the directories in the 'runtimepath'
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294 option. All of these directories will be searched for plugins and they are
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295 all loaded. For example, if this command: >
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296
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297 set runtimepath
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298
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299 produces this output: >
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300
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301 runtimepath=/etc/vim,~/.vim,/usr/local/share/vim/vim60
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302
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303 then Vim will load all plugins in these directories: >
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304
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305 /etc/vim/plugin/
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306 ~/.vim/plugin/
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307 /usr/local/share/vim/vim60/plugin/
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308
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309 Note that the last one is the value of $VIMRUNTIME which has been expanded.
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310
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311 What if it looks like your plugin is not being loaded? You can find out what
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312 happens when Vim starts up by using the |-V| argument: >
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313 vim -V1
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314 You will see a lot of messages, in between them is a remark about loading the
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315 plugins. It starts with: >
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316 Searching for "plugin/*.vim" in
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317 There you can see where Vim looks for your plugin scripts.
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318
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319 ==============================================================================
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320 2. Filetype plugin *filetype-plugins*
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321
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322 When loading filetype plugins has been enabled |:filetype-plugin-on|, options
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323 will be set and mappings defined. These are all local to the buffer, they
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324 will not be used for other files.
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325
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326 Defining mappings for a filetype may get in the way of the mappings you
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327 define yourself. There are a few ways to avoid this:
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328 1. Set the "maplocalleader" variable to the key sequence you want the mappings
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329 to start with. Example: >
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330 :let maplocalleader = ","
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331 < All mappings will then start with a comma instead of the default, which
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332 is a backslash. Also see |<LocalLeader>|.
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333
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334 2. Define your own mapping. Example: >
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335 :map ,p <Plug>MailQuote
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336 < You need to check the description of the plugin file below for the
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337 functionality it offers and the string to map to.
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338 You need to define your own mapping before the plugin is loaded (before
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339 editing a file of that type). The plugin will then skip installing the
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340 default mapping.
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341
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342 3. Disable defining mappings for a specific filetype by setting a variable,
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343 which contains the name of the filetype. For the "mail" filetype this
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344 would be: >
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345 :let no_mail_maps = 1
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346
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347 4. Disable defining mappings for all filetypes by setting a variable: >
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348 :let no_plugin_maps = 1
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349 <
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350
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351 *ftplugin-overrule*
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352 If a global filetype plugin does not do exactly what you want, there are three
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353 ways to change this:
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354
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355 1. Add a few settings.
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356 You must create a new filetype plugin in a directory early in
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357 'runtimepath'. For Unix, for example you could use this file: >
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358 vim ~/.vim/ftplugin/fortran.vim
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359 < You can set those settings and mappings that you would like to add. Note
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360 that the global plugin will be loaded after this, it may overrule the
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361 settings that you do here. If this is the case, you need to use one of the
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362 following two methods.
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363
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364 2. Make a copy of the plugin and change it.
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365 You must put the copy in a directory early in 'runtimepath'. For Unix, for
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366 example, you could do this: >
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367 cp $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/fortran.vim ~/.vim/ftplugin/fortran.vim
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368 < Then you can edit the copied file to your liking. Since the b:did_ftplugin
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369 variable will be set, the global plugin will not be loaded.
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370 A disadvantage of this method is that when the distributed plugin gets
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371 improved, you will have to copy and modify it again.
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372
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373 3. Overrule the settings after loading the global plugin.
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374 You must create a new filetype plugin in a directory from the end of
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375 'runtimepath'. For Unix, for example, you could use this file: >
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376 vim ~/.vim/after/ftplugin/fortran.vim
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377 < In this file you can change just those settings that you want to change.
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378
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379 ==============================================================================
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380 3. Docs for the default filetype plugins. *ftplugin-docs*
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381
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382
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383 CHANGELOG *changelog-plugin*
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384
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385 Allows for easy entrance of Changelog entries in Changelog files. There are
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386 some commands, mappings, and variables worth exploring:
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387
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388 Options:
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389 'comments' is made empty to not mess up formatting.
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390 'textwidth' is set to 78, which is standard.
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391 'formatoptions' the 't' flag is added to wrap when inserting text.
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392
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393 Commands:
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394 NewChangelogEntry Adds a new Changelog entry in an intelligent fashion
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395 (see below).
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396
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397 Local mappings:
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398 <Leader>o Starts a new Changelog entry in an equally intelligent
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399 fashion (see below).
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400
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401 Global mappings:
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402 NOTE: The global mappings are accessed by sourcing the
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403 ftplugin/changelog.vim file first, e.g. with >
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404 runtime ftplugin/man.vim
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405 < in your |.vimrc|.
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406 <Leader>o Switches to the ChangeLog buffer opened for the
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407 current directory, or opens it in a new buffer if it
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408 exists in the current directory. Then it does the
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409 same as the local <Leader>o described above.
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410
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411 Variables:
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412 g:changelog_timeformat The date (and time) format used in ChangeLog entries.
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413 The format accepted is the same as for the
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414 |strftime()| function.
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415 The default is "%Y-%m-%d" which is the standard format
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416 for many ChangeLog layouts.
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417 g:changelog_username The name and email address of the user.
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418 The default is deduced from environment variables and
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419 system files. It searches /etc/passwd for the comment
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420 part of the current user, which informally contains
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421 the real name of the user up to the first separating
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422 comma. then it checks the $NAME environment variable
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423 and finally runs `whoami` and `hostname` to build an
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424 email address. The final form is >
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425 Full Name <user@host>
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426 <
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427 g:changelog_new_date_format
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428 The format to use when creating a new date-entry.
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429 The following table describes special tokens in the
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430 string:
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431 %% insert a single '%' character
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432 %d insert the date from above
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433 %u insert the user from above
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434 %c where to position cursor when done
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435 The default is "%d %u\n\n\t* %c\n\n", which produces
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436 something like (| is where cursor will be, unless at
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437 the start of the line where it denotes the beginning
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438 of the line) >
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439 |2003-01-14 Full Name <user@host>
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440 |
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441 | * |
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442 <
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443 g:changelog_new_entry_format
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444 The format used when creating a new entry.
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445 The following table describes special tokens in the
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446 string:
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447 %c where to position cursor when done
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448 The default is "\t*%c", which produces something
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449 similar to >
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450 | * |
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451 <
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452 g:changelog_date_entry_search
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453 The search pattern to use when searching for a
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454 date-entry.
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455 The same tokens that can be used for
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456 g:changelog_new_date_format can be used here as well.
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457 The default is '^\s*%d\_s*%u' which finds lines
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458 matching the form >
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459 |2003-01-14 Full Name <user@host>
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460 < and some similar formats.
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461
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462 The Changelog entries are inserted where they add the least amount of text.
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463 After figuring out the current date and user, the file is searched for an
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464 entry beginning with the current date and user and if found adds another item
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465 under it. If not found, a new entry and item is prepended to the beginning of
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466 the Changelog.
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467
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468
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469 FORTRAN *fortran-plugin*
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470
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471 Options:
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472 'expandtab' is switched on to avoid tabs as required by the Fortran
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473 standards unless the user has set fortran_have_tabs in .vimrc.
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474 'textwidth' is set to 72 for fixed source format as required by the
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475 Fortran standards and to 80 for free source format.
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476 'formatoptions' is set to break code and comment lines and to preserve long
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477 lines. You can format comments with |gq|.
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478 For further discussion of fortran_have_tabs and the method used for the
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479 detection of source format see |fortran-syntax|.
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480
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481
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482 MAIL *mail-plugin*
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483
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484 Options:
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485 'modeline' is switched off to avoid the danger of trojan horses, and to
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486 avoid that a Subject line with "Vim:" in it will cause an
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487 error message.
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488 'textwidth' is set to 72. This is often recommended for e-mail.
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489 'formatoptions' is set to break text lines and to repeat the comment leader
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490 in new lines, so that a leading ">" for quotes is repeated.
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491 You can also format quoted text with |gq|.
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492
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493 Local mappings:
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494 <LocalLeader>q or \\MailQuote
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495 Quotes the text selected in Visual mode, or from the cursor position
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496 to the end of the file in Normal mode. This means "> " is inserted in
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497 each line.
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498
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499 MAN *man-plugin* *:Man*
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500
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501 Displays a manual page in a nice way. Also see the user manual
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502 |find-manpage|.
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503
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504 To start using the ":Man" command before any manual page was loaded, source
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505 this script from your startup vimrc file: >
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506
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507 runtime ftplugin/man.vim
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508
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509 Options:
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510 'iskeyword' the '.' character is added to be able to use CTRL-] on the
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511 manual page name.
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512
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513 Commands:
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514 Man {name} Display the manual page for {name} in a window.
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515 Man {number} {name}
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516 Display the manual page for {name} in a section {number}.
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517
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518 Global mapping:
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519 <Leader>K Displays the manual page for the word under the cursor.
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520
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521 Local mappings:
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522 CTRL-] Jump to the manual page for the word under the cursor.
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523 CTRL-T Jump back to the previous manual page.
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524
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525
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526 RPM SPEC *spec-plugin*
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527
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528 Since the text for this plugin is rather long it has been put in a separate
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529 file: |pi_spec.txt|.
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530
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531
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532 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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