Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/os_win32.txt @ 30116:87e205ae86d3 v9.0.0394
patch 9.0.0394: Cygwin: multibyte characters may be broken in terminal window
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5903aaf7eb4586cf7e4fa5a219092334b05c89de
Author: K.Takata <kentkt@csc.jp>
Date: Tue Sep 6 11:26:56 2022 +0100
patch 9.0.0394: Cygwin: multibyte characters may be broken in terminal window
Problem: Cygwin: multibyte characters may be broken in terminal window.
Solution: Adjust how to read and write on the channel. (Ken Takata,
closes #11063)
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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date | Tue, 06 Sep 2022 12:30:03 +0200 |
parents | f8116058ca76 |
children | 0763cb330a65 |
rev | line source |
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29314 | 1 *os_win32.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2022 May 24 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by George Reilly | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 *win32* *Win32* *MS-Windows* | |
8 This file documents the idiosyncrasies of the Win32 version of Vim. | |
9 | |
29066 | 10 The Win32 version of Vim works on Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 and 11. There are |
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11 both console and GUI versions. |
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12 |
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13 The 32 bit version also runs on 64 bit MS-Windows systems. |
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14 |
7 | 15 1. Known problems |win32-problems| |
16 2. Startup |win32-startup| | |
17 3. Restore screen contents |win32-restore| | |
18 4. Using the mouse |win32-mouse| | |
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19 5. Running under Windows 95 |win32-win95| |
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20 6. Running under Windows 3.1 |win32-win3.1| |
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21 7. Installation package |win32-installer| |
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22 8. Win32 mini FAQ |win32-faq| |
7 | 23 |
24 Additionally, there are a number of common Win32 and DOS items: | |
25 File locations |dos-locations| | |
26 Using backslashes |dos-backslash| | |
27 Standard mappings |dos-standard-mappings| | |
28 Screen output and colors |dos-colors| | |
29 File formats |dos-file-formats| | |
30 :cd command |dos-:cd| | |
31 Interrupting |dos-CTRL-Break| | |
32 Temp files |dos-temp-files| | |
33 Shell option default |dos-shell| | |
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34 PowerShell defaults |dos-powershell| |
7 | 35 |
36 Win32 GUI |gui-w32| | |
37 | |
38 Credits: | |
39 The Win32 version was written by George V. Reilly <george@reilly.org>. | |
40 The original Windows NT port was done by Roger Knobbe <RogerK@wonderware.com>. | |
41 The GUI version was made by George V. Reilly and Robert Webb. | |
42 | |
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43 For compiling see "src/INSTALLpc.txt". *win32-compiling* |
7 | 44 |
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45 *WSL* |
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46 When using Vim on WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) the remarks here do not |
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47 apply, `has('win32')` will return false then. In case you need to know |
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48 whether Vim is running on WSL you can use `exists('$WSLENV')`. |
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49 |
7 | 50 ============================================================================== |
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51 1. Known problems *win32-problems* |
7 | 52 |
53 When doing file name completion, Vim also finds matches for the short file | |
54 name. But Vim will still find and use the corresponding long file name. For | |
55 example, if you have the long file name "this_is_a_test" with the short file | |
56 name "this_i~1", the command ":e *1" will start editing "this_is_a_test". | |
57 | |
58 ============================================================================== | |
59 2. Startup *win32-startup* | |
60 | |
61 Current directory *win32-curdir* | |
62 | |
63 If Vim is started with a single file name argument, and it has a full path | |
64 (starts with "x:\"), Vim assumes it was started from the file explorer and | |
65 will set the current directory to where that file is. To avoid this when | |
66 typing a command to start Vim, use a forward slash instead of a backslash. | |
67 Example: > | |
68 | |
69 vim c:\text\files\foo.txt | |
70 | |
71 Will change to the "C:\text\files" directory. > | |
72 | |
73 vim c:/text\files\foo.txt | |
74 | |
75 Will use the current directory. | |
76 | |
77 | |
78 Term option *win32-term* | |
79 | |
80 The only kind of terminal type that the Win32 version of Vim understands is | |
81 "win32", which is built-in. If you set 'term' to anything else, you will | |
82 probably get very strange behavior from Vim. Therefore Vim does not obtain | |
83 the default value of 'term' from the environment variable "TERM". | |
84 | |
819 | 85 $PATH *win32-PATH* |
86 | |
87 The directory of the Vim executable is appended to $PATH. This is mostly to | |
5400 | 88 make "!xxd" work, as it is in the Tools menu. And it also means that when |
819 | 89 executable() returns 1 the executable can actually be executed. |
90 | |
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91 Command line arguments *win32-cmdargs* |
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92 |
24387 | 93 Analysis of a command line into parameters is not standardised in MS-Windows. |
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94 Vim and gvim used to use different logic to parse it (before 7.4.432), and the |
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95 logic was also depended on what it was compiled with. Now Vim and gvim both |
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96 use the CommandLineToArgvW() Win32 API, so they behave in the same way. |
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97 |
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98 The basic rules are: *win32-backslashes* |
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99 a) A parameter is a sequence of graphic characters. |
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100 b) Parameters are separated by white space. |
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101 c) A parameter can be enclosed in double quotes to include white space. |
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102 d) A sequence of zero or more backslashes (\) and a double quote (") |
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103 is special. The effective number of backslashes is halved, rounded |
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104 down. An even number of backslashes reverses the acceptability of |
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105 spaces and tabs, an odd number of backslashes produces a literal |
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106 double quote. |
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107 |
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108 So: |
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109 " is a special double quote |
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110 \" is a literal double quote |
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111 \\" is a literal backslash and a special double quote |
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112 \\\" is a literal backslash and a literal double quote |
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113 \\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a special double quote |
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114 \\\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a literal double quote |
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115 etc. |
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116 |
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117 Example: > |
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118 vim "C:\My Music\freude" +"set ignorecase" +/"\"foo\\" +\"bar\\\" |
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119 |
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120 opens "C:\My Music\freude" and executes the line mode commands: > |
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121 set ignorecase; /"foo\ and /bar\" |
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122 |
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123 These rules are also described in the reference of the CommandLineToArgvW API: |
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124 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb776391.aspx |
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125 |
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126 *win32-quotes* |
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127 There are additional rules for quotes (which are not well documented). |
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128 As described above, quotes inside a file name (or any other command line |
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129 argument) can be escaped with a backslash. E.g. > |
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130 vim -c "echo 'foo\"bar'" |
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131 |
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132 Alternatively use three quotes to get one: > |
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133 vim -c "echo 'foo"""bar'" |
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134 |
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135 The quotation rules are: |
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136 |
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137 1. A `"` starts quotation. |
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138 2. Another `"` or `""` ends quotation. If the quotation ends with `""`, a `"` |
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139 is produced at the end of the quoted string. |
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140 |
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141 Examples, with [] around an argument: |
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142 "foo" -> [foo] |
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143 "foo"" -> [foo"] |
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144 "foo"bar -> [foobar] |
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145 "foo" bar -> [foo], [bar] |
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146 "foo""bar -> [foo"bar] |
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147 "foo"" bar -> [foo"], [bar] |
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148 "foo"""bar" -> [foo"bar] |
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149 |
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150 |
7 | 151 ============================================================================== |
152 3. Restore screen contents *win32-restore* | |
153 | |
154 When 'restorescreen' is set (which is the default), Vim will restore the | |
155 original contents of the console when exiting or when executing external | |
156 commands. If you don't want this, use ":set nors". |'restorescreen'| | |
157 | |
158 ============================================================================== | |
159 4. Using the mouse *win32-mouse* | |
160 | |
161 The Win32 version of Vim supports using the mouse. If you have a two-button | |
162 mouse, the middle button can be emulated by pressing both left and right | |
163 buttons simultaneously - but note that in the Win32 GUI, if you have the right | |
164 mouse button pop-up menu enabled (see 'mouse'), you should err on the side of | |
165 pressing the left button first. |mouse-using| | |
166 | |
167 When the mouse doesn't work, try disabling the "Quick Edit Mode" feature of | |
168 the console. | |
169 | |
170 ============================================================================== | |
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171 5. Running under Windows 95 *win32-win95* |
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172 *windows95* *windows98* *windowsme* |
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173 Windows 95/98/ME support was removed in patch 8.0.0029 If you want to use it |
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174 you will need to get a version older than that. |
7 | 175 |
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176 ============================================================================== |
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177 6. Running under Windows 3.1 *win32-win3.1* |
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178 |
14123 | 179 *win32s* *windows-3.1* *gui-w32s* *win16* |
11473 | 180 There was a special version of gvim that runs under Windows 3.1 and 3.11. |
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181 Support was removed in patch 7.4.1364. |
7 | 182 |
183 ============================================================================== | |
25354
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184 7. Installation package *win32-installer* |
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185 |
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186 A simple installer for windows is available at http://www.vim.org/download.php |
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187 (stable version) and nightly builds are also available at |
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188 https://github.com/vim/vim-win32-installer/releases/ |
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189 |
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190 The nightly builds include 32bit and 64bit builds, have most features enabled |
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191 and usually also contain an extra cryptographic signed installer, so Windows |
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192 will not complain. |
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193 |
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194 To use the installer, simply run the exe file. The following switches are |
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195 also supported: > |
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196 |
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197 gvim_<version>.exe /S -> silent install without any dialogues |
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198 gvim_<version>.exe /D=C:\vim -> Install into directory c:\vim |
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199 -> /D must be the last argument |
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200 gvim_<version>.exe /S /D=c:\vim -> silent install into c:\vim |
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201 < |
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202 The default installation directory can alternatively be given by setting the |
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203 $VIM environment variable. |
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204 |
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205 ============================================================================== |
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206 8. Win32 mini FAQ *win32-faq* |
7 | 207 |
208 Q. How do I change the font? | |
22 | 209 A. In the GUI version, you can use the 'guifont' option. Example: > |
210 :set guifont=Lucida_Console:h15:cDEFAULT | |
211 < In the console version, you need to set the font of the console itself. | |
7 | 212 You cannot do this from within Vim. |
213 | |
214 Q. How do I type dead keys on Windows NT? | |
215 A. Dead keys work on NT 3.51. Just type them as you would in any other | |
216 application. | |
217 On NT 4.0, you need to make sure that the default locale (set in the | |
218 Keyboard part of the Control Panel) is the same as the currently active | |
219 locale. Otherwise the NT code will get confused and crash! This is a NT | |
220 4.0 problem, not really a Vim problem. | |
221 | |
222 Q. I'm using Vim to edit a symbolically linked file on a Unix NFS file server. | |
223 When I write the file, Vim does not "write through" the symlink. Instead, | |
224 it deletes the symbolic link and creates a new file in its place. Why? | |
225 A. On Unix, Vim is prepared for links (symbolic or hard). A backup copy of | |
226 the original file is made and then the original file is overwritten. This | |
227 assures that all properties of the file remain the same. On non-Unix | |
228 systems, the original file is renamed and a new file is written. Only the | |
229 protection bits are set like the original file. However, this doesn't work | |
230 properly when working on an NFS-mounted file system where links and other | |
231 things exist. The only way to fix this in the current version is not | |
232 making a backup file, by ":set nobackup nowritebackup" |'writebackup'| | |
233 | |
22 | 234 Q. I'm using Vim to edit a file on a Unix file server through Samba. When I |
235 write the file, the owner of the file is changed. Why? | |
236 A. When writing a file Vim renames the original file, this is a backup (in | |
237 case writing the file fails halfway). Then the file is written as a new | |
238 file. Samba then gives it the default owner for the file system, which may | |
239 differ from the original owner. | |
240 To avoid this set the 'backupcopy' option to "yes". Vim will then make a | |
241 copy of the file for the backup, and overwrite the original file. The | |
242 owner isn't changed then. | |
243 | |
7 | 244 Q. How do I get to see the output of ":make" while it's running? |
245 A. Basically what you need is to put a tee program that will copy its input | |
246 (the output from make) to both stdout and to the errorfile. You can find a | |
1125 | 247 copy of tee (and a number of other GNU tools) at |
7 | 248 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net or http://unxutils.sourceforge.net |
249 Alternatively, try the more recent Cygnus version of the GNU tools at | |
250 http://www.cygwin.com Other Unix-style tools for Win32 are listed at | |
251 http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/ | |
252 When you do get a copy of tee, you'll need to add > | |
253 :set shellpipe=\|\ tee | |
254 < to your _vimrc. | |
255 | |
256 Q. I'm storing files on a remote machine that works with VisionFS, and files | |
257 disappear! | |
258 A. VisionFS can't handle certain dot (.) three letter extension file names. | |
259 SCO declares this behavior required for backwards compatibility with 16bit | |
260 DOS/Windows environments. The two commands below demonstrate the behavior: | |
261 > | |
20241 | 262 echo Hello > file.bat~ |
7 | 263 dir > file.bat |
264 < | |
265 The result is that the "dir" command updates the "file.bat~" file, instead | |
237 | 266 of creating a new "file.bat" file. This same behavior is exhibited in Vim |
7 | 267 when editing an existing file named "foo.bat" because the default behavior |
268 of Vim is to create a temporary file with a '~' character appended to the | |
269 name. When the file is written, it winds up being deleted. | |
270 | |
271 Solution: Add this command to your _vimrc file: > | |
272 :set backupext=.temporary | |
273 | |
274 Q. How do I change the blink rate of the cursor? | |
275 A. You can't! This is a limitation of the NT console. NT 5.0 is reported to | |
276 be able to set the blink rate for all console windows at the same time. | |
277 | |
278 *:!start* | |
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279 Q. How can I asynchronously run an external command or program, or open a |
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280 document or URL with its default program? |
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281 A. When using :! to run an external command, you can run it with "start". For |
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282 example, to run notepad: > |
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283 :!start notepad |
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284 < To open "image.jpg" with the default image viewer: > |
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285 :!start image.jpg |
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286 < To open the folder of the current file in Windows Explorer: > |
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287 :!start %:h |
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288 < To open the Vim home page with the default browser: > |
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289 :!start http://www.vim.org/ |
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290 < |
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291 Using "start" stops Vim switching to another screen, opening a new console, |
7 | 292 or waiting for the program to complete; it indicates that you are running a |
1624 | 293 program that does not affect the files you are editing. Programs begun |
7 | 294 with :!start do not get passed Vim's open file handles, which means they do |
295 not have to be closed before Vim. | |
296 To avoid this special treatment, use ":! start". | |
2859 | 297 There are two optional arguments (see the next Q): |
3513 | 298 /min the window will be minimized |
299 /b no console window will be opened | |
3082 | 300 You can use only one of these flags at a time. A second one will be |
2859 | 301 treated as the start of the command. |
27804 | 302 *windows-asynchronously* |
2859 | 303 Q. How do I avoid getting a window for programs that I run asynchronously? |
3082 | 304 A. You have two possible solutions depending on what you want: |
2908 | 305 1) You may use the /min flag in order to run program in a minimized state |
306 with no other changes. It will work equally for console and GUI | |
307 applications. | |
308 2) You can use the /b flag to run console applications without creating a | |
2859 | 309 console window for them (GUI applications are not affected). But you |
2908 | 310 should use this flag only if the application you run doesn't require any |
311 input. Otherwise it will get an EOF error because its input stream | |
3082 | 312 (stdin) would be redirected to \\.\NUL (stdout and stderr too). |
2859 | 313 |
314 Example for a console application, run Exuberant ctags: > | |
315 :!start /min ctags -R . | |
27804 | 316 < When it has finished you should see file named "tags" in your current |
2859 | 317 directory. You should notice the window title blinking on your taskbar. |
6180 | 318 This is more noticeable for commands that take longer. |
2859 | 319 Now delete the "tags" file and run this command: > |
320 :!start /b ctags -R . | |
27804 | 321 < You should have the same "tags" file, but this time there will be no |
2859 | 322 blinking on the taskbar. |
323 Example for a GUI application: > | |
324 :!start /min notepad | |
325 :!start /b notepad | |
27804 | 326 < The first command runs notepad minimized and the second one runs it |
2859 | 327 normally. |
7 | 328 |
6259 | 329 *windows-icon* |
330 Q. I don't like the Vim icon, can I change it? | |
331 A. Yes, place your favorite icon in bitmaps/vim.ico in a directory of | |
332 'runtimepath'. For example ~/vimfiles/bitmaps/vim.ico. | |
333 | |
334 | |
14945 | 335 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |