annotate runtime/doc/xxd-fr.1 @ 14572:7bf554378133

Added tag v8.1.0299 for changeset 44df6e5c17c3a3771089efc3e4c2da0b3cc340b5
author Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
date Sun, 19 Aug 2018 17:15:06 +0200
parents 2eb30f341e8d
children 2b30a2b4bde2
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1 .TH XXD 1 "août 1996" "Page de manuel pour xxd"
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2 .\"
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3 .\" 21st May 1996
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4 .\" Man page author:
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5 .\" Tony Nugent <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
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6 .\" Changes by Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
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7 .\" French translation by David Blanchet <david.blanchet@free.fr> 2005-03
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8 .SH NOM
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9 .I xxd
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10 \- convertit en représentation hexadécimale et inversement.
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11 .SH SYNOPSIS
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12 .B xxd
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13 \-h[elp]
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14 .br
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15 .B xxd
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16 [options] [fichier_entree [fichier_sortie]]
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17 .br
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18 .B xxd
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19 \-r[evert] [options] [fichier_entree [fichier_sortie]]
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20 .SH DESCRIPTION
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21 .I xxd
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22 crée un fichier contenant la représentation hexadécimale d'un fichier
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23 binaire ou de l'entrée standard.
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24 Il peut également convertir un fichier de codes hexadécimaux en un fichier
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25 binaire.
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26 Comme
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27 .BR uuencode (1)
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28 et
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29 .BR uudecode (1)
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30 il permet la transmission de données binaires dans une représentation ASCII
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31 compatible avec le courrier électronique, mais a l'avantage de décoder la
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32 sortie standard.
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33 De plus, il peut être utilisé pour appliquer des rustines à des fichiers
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34 binaires.
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35 .SH OPTIONS
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36 Si aucun
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37 .I fichier_entree
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38 n'est spécifié, l'entrée standard est utilisée.
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39 Si
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40 .I fichier_entree
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41 correspond au caractère
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42 .RB '\-'
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43 \, l'entrée standard est employée comme source des données en entrée.
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44 Si aucun
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45 .I fichier_sortie
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46 n'est spécifié (ou qu'un caractère
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47 .RB '\-'
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48 est donné à sa place), le résultat est envoyé sur la sortie standard.
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49 .PP
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50 NOTE : un analyseur paresseux est utilisé. Il ne vérifie pas au-delà de la
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51 première lettre de l'option, à moins que cette dernière ne requiert un
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52 paramètre.
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53 L'espace entre l'option et son paramètre est optionnel.
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54 Les paramètres des options peuvent être spécifiés en notation décimale,
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55 hexadécimale ou octale.
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56 Ainsi
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57 .BR \-c8 ,
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58 .BR "\-c 8" ,
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59 .B \-c 010
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60 et
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61 .B \-cols 8
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62 sont tous équivalents.
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63 .TP
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64 .IR \-a " | " \-autoskip
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65 active la fonctionnalité "autoskip" : le caractère '*' remplace les lignes
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66 d'octets nuls. Désactivée par défaut.
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67 .TP
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68 .IR \-b " | " \-bits
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69 Convertit en binaires plutôt qu'en hexadécimal.
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70 Cette option écrit les octets comme une séquence de "1" et de "0" au lieu
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71 d'une conversion en hexadécimal traditionnel. Chaque ligne est précédée par un
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72 numéro de ligne en hexadécimal et suivie de la représentation ASCII (ou
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73 EBCDIC) correspondante. Les options \-r, \-p, \-i ne fonctionnent pas dans ce
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74 mode.
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75 .TP
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76 .IR "\-c cols " | " \-cols cols"
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77 place
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78 .RI < cols >
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79 octets par ligne. 16 par défaut (\-i : 12, \-ps : 30, \-b : 6). Maximum 256.
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80 .TP
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81 .IR \-E " | " \-EBCDIC
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82 Passe le codage des caractères de la colonne de droite de ASCII à EBCDIC.
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83 Cela ne change pas la représentation hexadécimale. Cette option est sans effet
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84 quand elle est utilisée avec \-r, \-p or \-i.
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85 .TP
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86 .IR "\-g octets " | " \-groupsize octets"
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87 Regroupe les octets (deux chiffres hexadécimaux ou huit chiffres binaires)
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88 par groupe de
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89 .RI < octets >
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90 \, séparés par des espaces blancs. Spécifiez
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91 .I \-g 0
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92 pour supprimer le regroupement.
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93 .RI < octets >
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94 vaut 2 par défaut dans le mode normal et \fI1\fP en
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95 représentation binaire. Le regroupement ne s'applique pas aux styles
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96 Postscript et Include.
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97 .TP
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98 .IR \-h " | " \-help
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99 Affiche un résumé des commandes disponibles et quitte. Aucune conversion n'est
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100 effectuée.
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101 .TP
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102 .IR \-i " | " \-include
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103 produit une sortie dans le style #include (fichier C à inclure). La définition
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104 complète d'un tableau statique est écrite et est nommée d'après le fichier
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105 d'origine, à moins que xxd lise depuis l'entrée standard.
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106 .TP
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107 .IR "\-l long " | " \-len long"
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108 Arrête après l'écriture de
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109 .RI < long >
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110 octets.
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111 .TP
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112 .IR \-p " | " \-ps " | " \-postscript " | " \-plain
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113 Produit une conversion continue dans le style Postscript (postscript continuous
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114 hexdumd style).
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115 Également connu sous le nom de « conversion brute » (plain hexdump style).
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116 .TP
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117 .IR \-r " | " \-revert
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118 Opération inverse : convertit un fichier hexadécimal en un fichier binaire (ou
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119 applique une rustine à un fichier binaire).
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120 Si l'écriture n'a pas lieu sur la sortie standard, xxd écrit dans le fichier
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121 qu'il produit sans le tronquer. Utilisez la combinaison
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122 .I \-r \-p
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123 pour lire de l'hexadécimal brut sans information sur le numéro des lignes et
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124 sans format de colonnes particulier. Des espaces blancs et coupures de lignes
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125 supplémentaires sont autorisés à n'importe quel endroit.
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126 .TP
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127 .I \-seek décalage
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128 Utilisé après l'option
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129 .IR \-r :
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130 inverse la conversion en ajoutant
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131 .RI < décalage >
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132 aux positions dans le fichier données dans le code hexadécimal.
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133 .TP
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134 .I \-s [+][\-]décalage
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135 Débute au
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136 .RI < décalage >
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137 absolu ou relatif dans fichier_entree.
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138 \fI+ \fRindique que le décalage est relatif à la position courante dans
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139 l'entrée standard (sans effet si la lecture n'a pas lieu sur l'entrée
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140 standard). \fI\- \fRindique un décalage en caractères depuis la fin de
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141 l'entrée (utilisé avec \fI+\fR, désigne la position avant la position
236
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142 actuelle de l'entrée standard).
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143 Sans l'option \-s, xxd démarre à la position courante du fichier.
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144 .TP
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145 .I \-u
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146 Utilise des chiffres hexadécimaux majuscules. La casse par défaut est
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147 minuscule.
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148 .TP
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149 .IR \-v " | " \-version
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150 Affiche la version de xxd.
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151 .SH MISE EN GARDE
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152 .I xxd \-r
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153 effectue des opérations internes un peu obscures lors de l'évaluation
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154 des informations sur les numéros de lignes. Si le fichier de sortie est
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155 adressable, alors les numéros de lignes au début de chaque ligne d'hexadécimal
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156 peuvent être désordonnées, des lignes peuvent manquer ou se chevaucher. Dans
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157 ces cas, xxd utilisera lseek(2) pour déterminer la prochaine position. Si le
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158 fichier n'est pas adressable, seuls les vides sont autorisés, et ils seront
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159 comblés par des octets nuls.
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160 .PP
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161 .I xxd \-r
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162 ne génère aucune erreur lors de l'analyse. Les problèmes sont passés
236
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163 silencieusement.
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164 .PP
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165 Lors de l'édition de la représentation hexadécimale, veuillez noter que
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166 .I xxd \-r
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167 ignore tout ce qui se trouve sur la ligne après avoir lu suffisamment de
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168 données hexadécimales (voir l'option \-c). Cela signifie également que les
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169 modifications dans la colonne ASCII (ou EBCDIC) sont toujours ignorées. La
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170 conversion inverse de données hexadécimales brutes (postscript) avec xxd \-r
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171 \-p ne dépend pas d'un nombre correct de colonnes. Dans ce cas, tout ce qui
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172 ressemble à une paire de chiffres hexadécimaux est interprété.
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173 .PP
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174 Remarquez la différence entre
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175 .br
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176 \fI% xxd \-i fichier\fR
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177 .br
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178 et
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179 .br
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180 \fI% xxd \-i < fichier\fR
236
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181 .PP
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182 .I xxd \-s \+seek
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183 peut différer de
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184 .IR "xxd \-s seek" ,
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185 car lseek(2) est utilisé pour « revenir en arrière ». Le '+' fait une
236
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186 différence quand la source des données est l'entrée standard et si la position
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187 dans le fichier de l'entrée standard n'est pas au début du fichier lorsque xxd
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188 est démarré et qu'il reçoit ses données.
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189 L'exemple suivant peut vous aider à comprendre (ou bien vous perdre davantage
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190 encore !)...
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191 .PP
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192 Remettre l'entrée standard au départ avant de lire ; nécessaire car 'cat' a
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193 déjà lu jusqu'à la fin de l'entrée standard.
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194 .br
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195 \fI% sh \-c 'cat > donnees_binaires; xxd \-s 0 > donnees_hexa' < fichier\fR
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196 .PP
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197 Convertir à partir de la position 0x480 (= 1024 + 128) du fichier.
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198 Le symbole '+' signifie "relativement à la position actuelle', ainsi 128 est
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199 ajouté aux 1024 octets comptabilisés pour dd.
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200 .br
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201 \fI% sh \-c 'dd of=donnees_binaires bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +128 >
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202 donnees_hexa' < fichier\fR
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203 .PP
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204 Convertir de fichier depuis la position 0x100 (= 1024 \- 768) du fichier.
236
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205 .br
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206 \fI% sh \-c 'dd of=donnees_binaires bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +\-768 >
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207 donnees_hexa' < fichier\fR
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208 .PP
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209 Toutefois, cette situation est peu fréquente et l'utilisation de '+' est
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210 rarement requise. L'auteur préfère surveiller les effets de xxd avec strace(1)
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211 ou truss(1) quand \-s est employé.
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212 .SH EXEMPLES
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213 Afficher la totalité du
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214 .B fichier
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215 sauf les trois premières lignes (0x30 octets en hexadécimal).
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216 .br
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vimboss
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217 \fI% xxd \-s 0x30 fichier\fR
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218 .PP
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219 afficher les trois dernières lignes (0x30 octets en hexadécimal) du
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220 .B fichier
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221 \.
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222 .br
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vimboss
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223 \fI% xxd \-s \-0x30 fichier\fR
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224 .PP
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225 .br
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226 Afficher 120 octets convertis en continu, avec 20 octets par ligne.
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227 .br
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228 \fI% xxd \-l 120 \-ps \-c 20 xxd\-fr.1\fR
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229 .br
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230 2e54482058584420312022616ffb742031393936
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231 .br
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232 22202250616765206465206d616e75656c20706f
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233 .br
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234 757220787864220a2e5c220a2e5c222032317374
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235 .br
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236 204d617920313939360a2e5c22204d616e207061
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237 .br
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238 676520617574686f723a0a2e5c2220202020546f
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239 .br
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240 6e79204e7567656e74203c746f6e79407363746e
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241 .br
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242 204e7567656e74203c746f6e79407363746e7567
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243 .br
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244 2e54482058584420312022417567757374203139
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245 .PP
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246 Convertir les 120 premiers octets de cette page de manuel avec 12 octets par
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247 ligne.
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248 .br
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249 \fI% xxd \-l 120 \-c 12 xxd\-fr.1\fR
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250 .br
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251 0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 2261 .TH XXD 1 "a
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252 .br
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253 000000c: 6ffb 7420 3139 3936 2220 2250 o.t 1996" "P
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254 .br
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255 0000018: 6167 6520 6465 206d 616e 7565 age de manue
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256 .br
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257 0000024: 6c20 706f 7572 2078 7864 220a l pour xxd".
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258 .br
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259 0000030: 2e5c 220a 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 .\"..\" 21st
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260 .br
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261 000003c: 204d 6179 2031 3939 360a 2e5c May 1996..\
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262 .br
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263 0000048: 2220 4d61 6e20 7061 6765 2061 " Man page a
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264 .br
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265 0000054: 7574 686f 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 uthor:..\"
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266 .br
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267 0000060: 2020 546f 6e79 204e 7567 656e Tony Nugen
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268 .br
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269 000006c: 7420 3c74 6f6e 7940 7363 746e t <tony@sctn
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270 .PP
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271 Afficher la date écrite au début du fichier xxd\-fr.1.
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272 .br
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273 \fI% xxd \-s 0x38 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR
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274 .br
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275 0000036: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 21st May 1996
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276 .PP
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277 Copier
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278 .B fichier_entree
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279 vers
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280 .B fichier_sortie
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281 en ajoutant 100 octets de valeur 0x00 avant.
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282 .br
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vimboss
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283 \fI% xxd fichier_entree | xxd \-r \-s 100 \> fichier_sortie\fR
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284 .PP
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285 Patcher la date dans le fichier xxd.1
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286 .br
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vimboss
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287 \fI% echo '0000037: 3574 68' | xxd \-r \- xxd\-fr.1\fR
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288 .br
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vimboss
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289 \fI% xxd \-s 0x38 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd\-fr.1\fR
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290 .br
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291 0000036: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 25th May 1996
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292 .PP
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293 Créer un fichier de 65537 octets tous nuls (0x00),
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294 sauf le dernier qui vaut 'A' (0x41 en hexadécimal).
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295 .br
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296 \fI% echo '010000: 41' | xxd \-r \> fichier\fR
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297 .PP
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298 .br
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299 Convertir le fichier de l'exemple précédent avec la fonctionnalité "autoskip".
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300 .br
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vimboss
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301 \fI% xxd \-a \-c 12 fichier\fR
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302 .br
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303 0000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ............
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304 .br
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305 *
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306 .br
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vimboss
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307 000fffc: 0000 0000 40 ....A
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308 .PP
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309 Créer un fichier d'un octet, contenant seulement le caractère 'A'.
4681
2eb30f341e8d Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents: 3513
diff changeset
310 Le nombre après '\-r \-s' s'ajoute aux numéros de lignes trouvées dans le
2033
de5a43c5eedc Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents: 856
diff changeset
311 fichier ; les octets initiaux sont supprimés.
236
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312 .br
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313 \fI% echo '010000: 41' | xxd \-r \-s \-0x10000 \> fichier\fR
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314 .PP
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315 Utiliser xxd comme filtre dans un éditeur tel que
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316 .B vim(1)
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317 pour convertir une zone comprise entre les marques 'a' et 'z'.
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318 .br
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319 \fI:'a,'z!xxd\fR
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320 .PP
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321 Utiliser xxd comme filtre dans un éditeur tel que
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322 .B vim(1)
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323 pour récupérer une conversion binaire comprise entre les marques 'a' et 'z'.
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324 .br
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325 \fI:'a,'z!xxd \-r\fR
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326 .PP
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327 Utiliser xxd comme filtre dans un éditeur tel que
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328 .B vim(1)
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329 pour récupérer une ligne convertie. Placez le curseur sur la ligne et tapez :
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330 .br
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vimboss
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331 \fI!!xxd \-r\fR
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332 .PP
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vimboss
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333 Lire des caractères depuis une connexion série :
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334 .br
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vimboss
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335 \fI% xxd \-c1 < /dev/term/b &\fR
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336 .br
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337 \fI% stty < /dev/term/b \-echo \-opost \-isig \-icanon min 1\fR
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338 .br
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vimboss
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339 \fI% echo \-n foo > /dev/term/b\fR
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340 .SH VALEURS DE RETOUR
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341 Les erreurs suivantes sont rapportées :
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342 .TP
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343 0
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344 aucune erreur ne s'est produit.
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345 .TP
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346 \-1
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347 opération non supportée (
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348 .I xxd \-r \-i
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349 reste impossible).
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350 .TP
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351 1
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352 erreur lors de l'analyse des options.
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353 .TP
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354 2
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355 problème avec le fichier d'entrée.
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356 .TP
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357 3
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vimboss
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358 problème avec le fichier de sortie.
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vimboss
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359 .TP
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360 4, 5
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361 la position spécifiée n'est pas atteignable.
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vimboss
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362 .SH VOIR AUSSI
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363 uuencode(1), uudecode(1), patch(1)
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364 .SH AVERTISSEMENTS
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365 L'étrangeté de cet outil reflète celle du cerveau de ses créateurs.
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366 Utilisez cet outil à vos risques et périls. Dupliquez vos fichiers.
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367 Surveillez l'outil. Devenez un gourou.
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368 .SH VERSION
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369 Cette page de manuel documente la version 1.7 de xxd.
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370 .SH AUTEUR
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371 (c) 1990-1997 par Juergen Weigert
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372 .br
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373 <jnweiger@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
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374 .LP
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375 "Distribute freely and credit me,
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376 .br
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377 make money and share with me,
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378 .br
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379 lose money and don't ask me."
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380 .PP
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381 Distribution libre en citant l'auteur,
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382 .br
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383 gagnez de l'argent, pensez à moi,
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384 .br
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385 perdez de l'argent, oubliez-moi.
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386 .PP
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387 Page de manuel débutée par Tony Nugent
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388 .br
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389 <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
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390 .br
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391 Modifications mineures par Bram Moolenaar.
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392 Édité par Juergen Weigert.
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393 .SH TRADUCTION
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394 Cette page de manuel a été traduite par David Blanchet
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395 <david.blanchet@free.fr> 2004-12-24.
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2eb30f341e8d Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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396 Mise à jour 2013-05-10, Dominique Pellé <dominique.pelle@gmail.com>