annotate runtime/doc/vim.1 @ 6497:749fc929da45 v7.4.576

updated for version 7.4.576 Problem: Redrawing problem with 'relativenumber' and 'linebreak'. Solution: Temporarily reset 'linebreak' and restore it in more places. (Christian Brabandt)
author Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
date Wed, 14 Jan 2015 17:52:30 +0100
parents f4f8014d516e
children 435956324539
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1 .TH VIM 1 "2006 Apr 11"
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2 .SH NAME
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3 vim \- Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
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4 .SH SYNOPSIS
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5 .br
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6 .B vim
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7 [options] [file ..]
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8 .br
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9 .B vim
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10 [options] \-
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11 .br
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12 .B vim
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13 [options] \-t tag
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14 .br
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15 .B vim
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16 [options] \-q [errorfile]
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17 .PP
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18 .br
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19 .B ex
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20 .br
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21 .B view
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22 .br
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23 .B gvim
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24 .B gview
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25 .B evim
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26 .B eview
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27 .br
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28 .B rvim
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29 .B rview
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30 .B rgvim
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31 .B rgview
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32 .SH DESCRIPTION
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33 .B Vim
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34 is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi.
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35 It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text.
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36 It is especially useful for editing programs.
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37 .PP
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38 There are a lot of enhancements above Vi: multi level undo,
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39 multi windows and buffers, syntax highlighting, command line
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40 editing, filename completion, on-line help, visual selection, etc..
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41 See ":help vi_diff.txt" for a summary of the differences between
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42 .B Vim
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43 and Vi.
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44 .PP
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45 While running
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46 .B Vim
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47 a lot of help can be obtained from the on-line help system, with the ":help"
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48 command.
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49 See the ON-LINE HELP section below.
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50 .PP
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51 Most often
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52 .B Vim
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53 is started to edit a single file with the command
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54 .PP
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55 vim file
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56 .PP
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57 More generally
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58 .B Vim
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59 is started with:
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60 .PP
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61 vim [options] [filelist]
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62 .PP
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63 If the filelist is missing, the editor will start with an empty buffer.
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64 Otherwise exactly one out of the following four may be used to choose one or
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65 more files to be edited.
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66 .TP 12
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67 file ..
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68 A list of filenames.
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69 The first one will be the current file and read into the buffer.
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70 The cursor will be positioned on the first line of the buffer.
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71 You can get to the other files with the ":next" command.
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72 To edit a file that starts with a dash, precede the filelist with "\-\-".
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73 .TP
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74 \-
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75 The file to edit is read from stdin. Commands are read from stderr, which
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76 should be a tty.
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77 .TP
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78 \-t {tag}
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79 The file to edit and the initial cursor position depends on a "tag", a sort
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80 of goto label.
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81 {tag} is looked up in the tags file, the associated file becomes the current
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82 file and the associated command is executed.
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83 Mostly this is used for C programs, in which case {tag} could be a function
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84 name.
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85 The effect is that the file containing that function becomes the current file
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86 and the cursor is positioned on the start of the function.
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87 See ":help tag\-commands".
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88 .TP
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89 \-q [errorfile]
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90 Start in quickFix mode.
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91 The file [errorfile] is read and the first error is displayed.
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92 If [errorfile] is omitted, the filename is obtained from the 'errorfile'
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93 option (defaults to "AztecC.Err" for the Amiga, "errors.err" on other
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94 systems).
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95 Further errors can be jumped to with the ":cn" command.
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96 See ":help quickfix".
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97 .PP
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98 .B Vim
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99 behaves differently, depending on the name of the command (the executable may
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100 still be the same file).
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101 .TP 10
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102 vim
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103 The "normal" way, everything is default.
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104 .TP
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105 ex
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106 Start in Ex mode.
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107 Go to Normal mode with the ":vi" command.
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108 Can also be done with the "\-e" argument.
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109 .TP
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110 view
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111 Start in read-only mode. You will be protected from writing the files. Can
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112 also be done with the "\-R" argument.
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113 .TP
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114 gvim gview
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115 The GUI version.
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116 Starts a new window.
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117 Can also be done with the "\-g" argument.
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118 .TP
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119 evim eview
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120 The GUI version in easy mode.
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121 Starts a new window.
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122 Can also be done with the "\-y" argument.
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123 .TP
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124 rvim rview rgvim rgview
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125 Like the above, but with restrictions. It will not be possible to start shell
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126 commands, or suspend
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127 .B Vim.
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128 Can also be done with the "\-Z" argument.
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129 .SH OPTIONS
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130 The options may be given in any order, before or after filenames.
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131 Options without an argument can be combined after a single dash.
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132 .TP 12
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133 +[num]
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134 For the first file the cursor will be positioned on line "num".
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135 If "num" is missing, the cursor will be positioned on the last line.
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136 .TP
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137 +/{pat}
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138 For the first file the cursor will be positioned on the
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139 first occurrence of {pat}.
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140 See ":help search\-pattern" for the available search patterns.
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141 .TP
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142 +{command}
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143 .TP
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144 \-c {command}
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145 {command} will be executed after the
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146 first file has been read.
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147 {command} is interpreted as an Ex command.
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148 If the {command} contains spaces it must be enclosed in double quotes (this
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149 depends on the shell that is used).
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150 Example: Vim "+set si" main.c
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151 .br
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152 Note: You can use up to 10 "+" or "\-c" commands.
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153 .TP
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154 \-S {file}
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155 {file} will be sourced after the first file has been read.
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156 This is equivalent to \-c "source {file}".
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157 {file} cannot start with '\-'.
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158 If {file} is omitted "Session.vim" is used (only works when \-S is the last
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159 argument).
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160 .TP
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161 \-\-cmd {command}
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162 Like using "\-c", but the command is executed just before
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163 processing any vimrc file.
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164 You can use up to 10 of these commands, independently from "\-c" commands.
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165 .TP
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166 \-A
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167 If
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168 .B Vim
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169 has been compiled with ARABIC support for editing right-to-left
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170 oriented files and Arabic keyboard mapping, this option starts
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171 .B Vim
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172 in Arabic mode, i.e. 'arabic' is set. Otherwise an error
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173 message is given and
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174 .B Vim
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175 aborts.
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176 .TP
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177 \-b
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178 Binary mode.
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179 A few options will be set that makes it possible to edit a binary or
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180 executable file.
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181 .TP
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182 \-C
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183 Compatible. Set the 'compatible' option.
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184 This will make
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185 .B Vim
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186 behave mostly like Vi, even though a .vimrc file exists.
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187 .TP
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188 \-d
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189 Start in diff mode.
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190 There should be two, three or four file name arguments.
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191 .B Vim
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192 will open all the files and show differences between them.
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193 Works like vimdiff(1).
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194 .TP
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195 \-d {device}
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196 Open {device} for use as a terminal.
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197 Only on the Amiga.
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198 Example:
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199 "\-d con:20/30/600/150".
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200 .TP
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201 \-D
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202 Debugging. Go to debugging mode when executing the first command from a
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203 script.
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204 .TP
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205 \-e
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206 Start
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207 .B Vim
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208 in Ex mode, just like the executable was called "ex".
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209 .TP
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210 \-E
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211 Start
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212 .B Vim
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213 in improved Ex mode, just like the executable was called "exim".
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214 .TP
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215 \-f
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216 Foreground. For the GUI version,
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217 .B Vim
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218 will not fork and detach from the shell it was started in.
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219 On the Amiga,
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220 .B Vim
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221 is not restarted to open a new window.
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222 This option should be used when
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223 .B Vim
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224 is executed by a program that will wait for the edit
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225 session to finish (e.g. mail).
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226 On the Amiga the ":sh" and ":!" commands will not work.
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227 .TP
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228 \-\-nofork
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229 Foreground. For the GUI version,
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230 .B Vim
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231 will not fork and detach from the shell it was started in.
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232 .TP
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233 \-F
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234 If
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235 .B Vim
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236 has been compiled with FKMAP support for editing right-to-left
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237 oriented files and Farsi keyboard mapping, this option starts
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238 .B Vim
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239 in Farsi mode, i.e. 'fkmap' and 'rightleft' are set.
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240 Otherwise an error message is given and
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241 .B Vim
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242 aborts.
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243 .TP
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244 \-g
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245 If
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246 .B Vim
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247 has been compiled with GUI support, this option enables the GUI.
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248 If no GUI support was compiled in, an error message is given and
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249 .B Vim
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250 aborts.
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251 .TP
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252 \-h
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253 Give a bit of help about the command line arguments and options.
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254 After this
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255 .B Vim
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256 exits.
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257 .TP
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258 \-H
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259 If
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260 .B Vim
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261 has been compiled with RIGHTLEFT support for editing right-to-left
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262 oriented files and Hebrew keyboard mapping, this option starts
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263 .B Vim
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264 in Hebrew mode, i.e. 'hkmap' and 'rightleft' are set.
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265 Otherwise an error message is given and
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266 .B Vim
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267 aborts.
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268 .TP
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269 \-i {viminfo}
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270 When using the viminfo file is enabled, this option sets the filename to use,
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271 instead of the default "~/.viminfo".
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272 This can also be used to skip the use of the .viminfo file, by giving the name
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273 "NONE".
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274 .TP
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275 \-L
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276 Same as \-r.
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277 .TP
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278 \-l
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279 Lisp mode.
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280 Sets the 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options on.
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281 .TP
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282 \-m
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283 Modifying files is disabled.
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284 Resets the 'write' option.
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285 You can still modify the buffer, but writing a file is not possible.
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286 .TP
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287 \-M
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288 Modifications not allowed. The 'modifiable' and 'write' options will be unset,
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289 so that changes are not allowed and files can not be written. Note that these
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290 options can be set to enable making modifications.
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291 .TP
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292 \-N
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293 No-compatible mode. Reset the 'compatible' option.
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294 This will make
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295 .B Vim
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296 behave a bit better, but less Vi compatible, even though a .vimrc file does
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297 not exist.
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298 .TP
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299 \-n
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300 No swap file will be used.
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301 Recovery after a crash will be impossible.
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302 Handy if you want to edit a file on a very slow medium (e.g. floppy).
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303 Can also be done with ":set uc=0".
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304 Can be undone with ":set uc=200".
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305 .TP
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306 \-nb
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307 Become an editor server for NetBeans. See the docs for details.
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308 .TP
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309 \-o[N]
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310 Open N windows stacked.
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311 When N is omitted, open one window for each file.
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312 .TP
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313 \-O[N]
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314 Open N windows side by side.
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315 When N is omitted, open one window for each file.
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316 .TP
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317 \-p[N]
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318 Open N tab pages.
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319 When N is omitted, open one tab page for each file.
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320 .TP
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321 \-R
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322 Read-only mode.
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323 The 'readonly' option will be set.
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324 You can still edit the buffer, but will be prevented from accidently
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325 overwriting a file.
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326 If you do want to overwrite a file, add an exclamation mark to the Ex command,
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327 as in ":w!".
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328 The \-R option also implies the \-n option (see below).
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329 The 'readonly' option can be reset with ":set noro".
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330 See ":help 'readonly'".
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331 .TP
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332 \-r
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333 List swap files, with information about using them for recovery.
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334 .TP
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335 \-r {file}
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336 Recovery mode.
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337 The swap file is used to recover a crashed editing session.
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338 The swap file is a file with the same filename as the text file with ".swp"
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339 appended.
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340 See ":help recovery".
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341 .TP
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342 \-s
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343 Silent mode. Only when started as "Ex" or when the "\-e" option was given
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344 before the "\-s" option.
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345 .TP
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346 \-s {scriptin}
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347 The script file {scriptin} is read.
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348 The characters in the file are interpreted as if you had typed them.
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349 The same can be done with the command ":source! {scriptin}".
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350 If the end of the file is reached before the editor exits, further characters
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351 are read from the keyboard.
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352 .TP
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353 \-T {terminal}
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354 Tells
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355 .B Vim
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356 the name of the terminal you are using.
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357 Only required when the automatic way doesn't work.
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358 Should be a terminal known
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359 to
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360 .B Vim
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361 (builtin) or defined in the termcap or terminfo file.
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362 .TP
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363 \-u {vimrc}
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364 Use the commands in the file {vimrc} for initializations.
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365 All the other initializations are skipped.
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366 Use this to edit a special kind of files.
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367 It can also be used to skip all initializations by giving the name "NONE".
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368 See ":help initialization" within vim for more details.
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369 .TP
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370 \-U {gvimrc}
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371 Use the commands in the file {gvimrc} for GUI initializations.
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372 All the other GUI initializations are skipped.
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373 It can also be used to skip all GUI initializations by giving the name "NONE".
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374 See ":help gui\-init" within vim for more details.
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375 .TP
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376 \-V[N]
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377 Verbose. Give messages about which files are sourced and for reading and
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378 writing a viminfo file. The optional number N is the value for 'verbose'.
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379 Default is 10.
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380 .TP
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381 \-v
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382 Start
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383 .B Vim
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384 in Vi mode, just like the executable was called "vi". This only has effect
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385 when the executable is called "ex".
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386 .TP
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387 \-w {scriptout}
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388 All the characters that you type are recorded in the file
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389 {scriptout}, until you exit
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390 .B Vim.
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391 This is useful if you want to create a script file to be used with "vim \-s" or
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392 ":source!".
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393 If the {scriptout} file exists, characters are appended.
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394 .TP
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395 \-W {scriptout}
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396 Like \-w, but an existing file is overwritten.
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397 .TP
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398 \-x
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399 Use encryption when writing files. Will prompt for a crypt key.
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400 .TP
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401 \-X
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402 Don't connect to the X server. Shortens startup time in a terminal, but the
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403 window title and clipboard will not be used.
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404 .TP
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405 \-y
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406 Start
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407 .B Vim
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408 in easy mode, just like the executable was called "evim" or "eview".
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409 Makes
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410 .B Vim
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411 behave like a click-and-type editor.
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412 .TP
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413 \-Z
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414 Restricted mode. Works like the executable starts with "r".
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415 .TP
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416 \-\-
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417 Denotes the end of the options.
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418 Arguments after this will be handled as a file name.
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419 This can be used to edit a filename that starts with a '\-'.
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420 .TP
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421 \-\-echo\-wid
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422 GTK GUI only: Echo the Window ID on stdout.
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423 .TP
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424 \-\-help
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425 Give a help message and exit, just like "\-h".
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426 .TP
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427 \-\-literal
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428 Take file name arguments literally, do not expand wildcards. This has no
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429 effect on Unix where the shell expands wildcards.
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430 .TP
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431 \-\-noplugin
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432 Skip loading plugins. Implied by \-u NONE.
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433 .TP
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434 \-\-remote
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435 Connect to a Vim server and make it edit the files given in the rest of the
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436 arguments. If no server is found a warning is given and the files are edited
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437 in the current Vim.
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438 .TP
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439 \-\-remote\-expr {expr}
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440 Connect to a Vim server, evaluate {expr} in it and print the result on stdout.
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441 .TP
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442 \-\-remote\-send {keys}
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443 Connect to a Vim server and send {keys} to it.
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444 .TP
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445 \-\-remote\-silent
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446 As \-\-remote, but without the warning when no server is found.
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447 .TP
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448 \-\-remote\-wait
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449 As \-\-remote, but Vim does not exit until the files have been edited.
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450 .TP
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451 \-\-remote\-wait\-silent
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452 As \-\-remote\-wait, but without the warning when no server is found.
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453 .TP
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454 \-\-serverlist
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455 List the names of all Vim servers that can be found.
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456 .TP
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457 \-\-servername {name}
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458 Use {name} as the server name. Used for the current Vim, unless used with a
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459 \-\-remote argument, then it's the name of the server to connect to.
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460 .TP
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461 \-\-socketid {id}
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462 GTK GUI only: Use the GtkPlug mechanism to run gvim in another window.
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463 .TP
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464 \-\-version
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465 Print version information and exit.
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466 .SH ON-LINE HELP
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467 Type ":help" in
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468 .B Vim
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469 to get started.
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470 Type ":help subject" to get help on a specific subject.
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471 For example: ":help ZZ" to get help for the "ZZ" command.
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472 Use <Tab> and CTRL-D to complete subjects (":help cmdline\-completion").
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473 Tags are present to jump from one place to another (sort of hypertext links,
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474 see ":help").
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475 All documentation files can be viewed in this way, for example
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476 ":help syntax.txt".
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477 .SH FILES
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478 .TP 15
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479 /usr/local/lib/vim/doc/*.txt
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480 The
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481 .B Vim
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482 documentation files.
216
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483 Use ":help doc\-file\-list" to get the complete list.
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484 .TP
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485 /usr/local/lib/vim/doc/tags
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486 The tags file used for finding information in the documentation files.
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487 .TP
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488 /usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/syntax.vim
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489 System wide syntax initializations.
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490 .TP
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491 /usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/*.vim
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492 Syntax files for various languages.
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493 .TP
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494 /usr/local/lib/vim/vimrc
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495 System wide
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496 .B Vim
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497 initializations.
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498 .TP
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499 ~/.vimrc
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500 Your personal
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501 .B Vim
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502 initializations.
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503 .TP
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504 /usr/local/lib/vim/gvimrc
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505 System wide gvim initializations.
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506 .TP
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507 ~/.gvimrc
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508 Your personal gvim initializations.
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509 .TP
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510 /usr/local/lib/vim/optwin.vim
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511 Script used for the ":options" command, a nice way to view and set options.
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512 .TP
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513 /usr/local/lib/vim/menu.vim
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514 System wide menu initializations for gvim.
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515 .TP
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516 /usr/local/lib/vim/bugreport.vim
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517 Script to generate a bug report. See ":help bugs".
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518 .TP
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519 /usr/local/lib/vim/filetype.vim
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520 Script to detect the type of a file by its name. See ":help 'filetype'".
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521 .TP
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522 /usr/local/lib/vim/scripts.vim
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523 Script to detect the type of a file by its contents. See ":help 'filetype'".
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524 .TP
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525 /usr/local/lib/vim/print/*.ps
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526 Files used for PostScript printing.
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527 .PP
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528 For recent info read the VIM home page:
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529 .br
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530 <URL:http://www.vim.org/>
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531 .SH SEE ALSO
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532 vimtutor(1)
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533 .SH AUTHOR
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534 Most of
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535 .B Vim
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536 was made by Bram Moolenaar, with a lot of help from others.
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537 See ":help credits" in
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538 .B Vim.
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539 .br
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540 .B Vim
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541 is based on Stevie, worked on by: Tim Thompson,
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542 Tony Andrews and G.R. (Fred) Walter.
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543 Although hardly any of the original code remains.
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544 .SH BUGS
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545 Probably.
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546 See ":help todo" for a list of known problems.
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547 .PP
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548 Note that a number of things that may be regarded as bugs by some, are in fact
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549 caused by a too-faithful reproduction of Vi's behaviour.
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550 And if you think other things are bugs "because Vi does it differently",
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551 you should take a closer look at the vi_diff.txt file (or type :help
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552 vi_diff.txt when in Vim).
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553 Also have a look at the 'compatible' and 'cpoptions' options.