annotate runtime/doc/vim-it.1 @ 4461:7058abc81075

Added tag v7-3-978 for changeset fe8a0a6a1c2a
author Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
date Mon, 20 May 2013 21:49:13 +0200
parents 71899235e72d
children 3a1ed539ae2a
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1 .TH VIM 1 "22 febbraio 2002"
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2 .SH NOME
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3 vim \- VI Migliorato, un editor di testi per programmatori
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4 .SH SINTASSI
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5 .br
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6 .B vim
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7 [opzioni] [file ..]
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8 .br
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9 .B vim
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10 [opzioni] \-
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11 .br
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12 .B vim
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13 [opzioni] \-t tag
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14 .br
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15 .B vim
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16 [opzioni] \-q [file_errori]
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17 .PP
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18 .br
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19 .B ex
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20 .br
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21 .B view
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22 .br
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23 .B gvim
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24 .B gview
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25 .B evim
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26 .B eview
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27 .br
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28 .B rvim
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29 .B rview
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30 .B rgvim
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31 .B rgview
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32 .SH DESCRIZIONE
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33 .B Vim
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34 Un editore di testi, compatibile con, e migliore di, Vi.
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35 Può essere usato per editare qualsiasi file di testo.
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36 Particolarmente utile per editare programmi.
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37 .PP
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38 Ci sono parecchi miglioramenti rispetto a Vi: undo multipli,
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39 finestre e buffer multipli, evidenziazione sintattica, possibilità
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40 di modificare la linea di comando, completamento nomi file, help
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41 in linea, selezione testi in Modo Visual, etc..
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42 Vedere ":help vi_diff.txt" per un sommario delle differenze fra
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43 .B Vim
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44 e Vi.
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45 .PP
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46 Mentre usate
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47 .B Vim
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48 potete ricevere molto aiuto dal sistema di help online, col comando ":help".
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49 Vedere qui sotto la sezione AIUTO ONLINE.
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50 .PP
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51 Quasi sempre
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52 .B Vim
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53 viene invocato, per modificare un file, col comando
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54 .PP
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55 vim nome_file
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56 .PP
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57 Più in generale
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58 .B Vim
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59 viene invocato con:
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60 .PP
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61 vim [opzioni] [lista_file]
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62 .PP
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63 Se lista_file non è presente, l'editor inizia aprendo un buffer vuoto.
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64 Altrimenti, una e una sola delle quattro maniere indicate qui sotto può
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65 essere usata per scegliere uno o più file da modificare.
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66 .TP 12
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67 nome_file ..
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68 Una lista di nomi di file.
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69 Il primo di questi sarà il file corrente, e verrà letto nel buffer.
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70 Il cursore sarà posizionato sulla prima linea del buffer.
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71 Potete arrivare agli altri file col comando ":next".
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72 Per editare un file il cui nome inizia per "\-" premettete "\-\-" alla
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73 lista_file.
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74 .TP
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75 \-
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76 Il file da editare è letto dallo "stdin" [di solito, ma non
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77 necessariamente, il terminale \- NdT]. I comandi sono letti da "stderr",
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78 che dovrebbe essere un terminale [tty].
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79 .TP
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80 \-t {tag}
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81 Il file da editare e la posizione iniziale del cursore dipendono da "tag",
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82 una specie di "etichetta" a cui saltare.
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83 {tag} viene cercata nel file "tags", ed il file ad essa associato diventa
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84 quello corrente, ed il comando ad essa associato viene eseguito.
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85 Di solito si usa per programmi C, nel qual caso {tag} potrebbe essere un
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86 nome di funzione.
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87 L'effetto è che il file contenente quella funzione diventa il file corrente
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88 e il cursore è posizionato all'inizio della funzione.
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89 Vedere ":help tag\-commands".
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90 .TP
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91 \-q [file_errori]
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92 Inizia in Modo QuickFix [correzione veloce].
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93 Il file [file_errori] è letto e il primo errore è visualizzato.
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94 Se [file_errori] non è indicato, il suo nome è ottenuto dal valore
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95 dell'opzione 'errorfile' (che, se non specificata, vale "AztecC.Err"
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96 per l'Amiga, "errors.err" su altri sistemi).
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97 Si può saltare all'errore successivo col comando ":cn".
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98 Vedere ":help quickfix".
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99 .PP
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100 .B Vim
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101 si comporta in modo diverso se invocato con nomi differenti (il programma
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102 eseguibile "sottostante" può essere sempre lo stesso).
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103 .TP 10
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104 vim
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105 Modo Normal, comportamento normale.
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106 .TP
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107 ex
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108 Inizia in Modo "Ex".
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109 Si può passare in Modo Normal col comando ":vi".
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110 Si può invocare il Modo "Ex" anche con l'argomento "\-e".
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111 .TP
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112 view
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113 Inizia in Modo Read-only (Sola Lettura). Non potete modificare i file.
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114 Si può invocare il Modo Read-only anche con l'argomento "\-R".
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115 .TP
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116 gvim gview
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117 La versione GUI [Graphical User Interface].
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118 Apre una nuova finestra.
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119 Si può invocare il Modo GUI anche con l'argomento "\-g".
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120 .TP
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121 evim eview
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122 La versione GUI in Modo Easy (semplificata).
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123 Apre una nuova finestra.
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124 Si può invocare il Modo Easy anche con l'argomento "\-y".
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125 .TP
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126 rvim rview rgvim rgview
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127 Come sopra, ma con restrizioni ai comandi. Non si potranno eseguire comandi
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128 della shell o sospendere
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129 .B Vim.
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130 Si può chiedere la stessa cosa anche con l'argomento "\-Z".
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131 .SH OPZIONI
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132 Le opzioni possono essere in un ordine qualsiasi, prima o dopo i nomi di
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133 file. Opzioni che non necessitano un argomento possono essere specificate
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134 dietro a un solo "\-".
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135 .TP 12
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136 +[numero]
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137 Per il primo file il cursore sarà posizionato sulla linea "numero".
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138 Se "numero" manca, il cursore sarà posizionato sull'ultima linea del file.
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139 .TP
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140 +/{espressione}
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141 Per il primo file il cursore sarà posizionato alla
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142 prima occorrenza di {espressione}.
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143 Vedere ":help search\-pattern" per come specificare l'espressione.
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144 .TP
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145 +{comando}
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146 .TP
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147 \-c {comando}
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148 {comando} sarà eseguito dopo che il
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149 primo file è stato letto.
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150 {comando} è interpretato come un comando Ex.
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151 Se il {comando} contiene spazi deve essere incluso fra doppi apici
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152 (o altro delimitatore, a seconda della shell che si sta usando).
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153 Esempio: Vim "+set si" main.c
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154 .br
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155 Note: Si possono avere fino a 10 comandi "+" o "\-c".
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156 .TP
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157 \-S {file}
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158 I comandi contenuti in {file} sono eseguiti dopo la lettura del primo file.
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159 Equivalente a \-c "source {file}".
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160 {file} non può avere un nome che inizia per '\-'.
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161 Se {file} è omesso si usa "Session.vim" (funziona solo se \-S è l'ultimo
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162 argomento specificato).
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163 .TP
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164 \-\-cmd {comando}
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165 Come "\-c", ma il comando è eseguito PRIMA
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166 di eseguire qualsiasi file vimrc.
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167 Si possono usare fino a 10 di questi comandi, indipendentemente dai comandi
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168 "\-c".
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169 .TP
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170 \-A
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171 Se
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172 .B Vim
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173 è stato compilato con supporto Arabic per editare file con orientamento
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174 destra-sinistra e tastiera con mappatura Araba, questa opzione inizia
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175 .B Vim
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176 in Modo Arabic, cioè impostando 'arabic'.
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177 Altrimenti viene dato un messaggio di errore e
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178 .B Vim
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179 termina in modo anormale.
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180 .TP
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181 \-b
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182 Modo Binary (binario).
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183 Vengono impostate alcune opzioni che permettono di modificare un file
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184 binario o un programma eseguibile.
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185 .TP
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186 \-C
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187 Compatibile. Imposta l'opzione 'compatible'.
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188 In questo modo
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189 .B Vim
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190 ha quasi lo stesso comportamento di Vi, anche in presenza di un file
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191 di configurazione .vimrc [proprio di Vim, vi usa .exrc \- Ndt].
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192 .TP
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193 \-d
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194 Inizia in Modo Diff [differenze].
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195 Dovrebbero esserci come argomenti due o tre o quattro nomi di file.
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196 .B Vim
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197 aprirà tutti i file evidenziando le differenze fra gli stessi.
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198 Funziona come vimdiff(1).
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199 .TP
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200 \-d {dispositivo}
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201 Apre {dispositivo} per usarlo come terminale.
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202 Solo per l'Amiga.
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203 Esempio:
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204 "\-d con:20/30/600/150".
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205 .TP
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206 \-D
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207 Debugging. Vim si mette in Modo "debugging" a partire
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208 dall'esecuzione del primo comando da uno script.
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209 .TP
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210 \-e
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211 Eseguire
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212 .B Vim
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213 in Modo Ex, come se il programma eseguito sia "ex".
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214 .TP
225
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215 \-E
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216 Eseguire
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217 .B Vim
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218 in Modo Ex migliorato, come se il programma eseguito sia "exim".
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219 .TP
225
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220 \-f
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221 Direttamente [Foreground]. Per la versione GUI,
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222 .B Vim
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223 non crea [fork] una nuova finestra, indipendente dalla shell di invocazione.
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224 Per l'Amiga,
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225 .B Vim
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226 non è fatto ripartire per aprire una nuova finestra.
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227 Opzione da usare quando
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228 .B Vim
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229 è eseguito da un programma che attende la fine della
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230 sessione di edit (ad es. mail).
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231 Sull'Amiga i comandi ":sh" e ":!" non sono disponibili.
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232 .TP
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233 \-\-nofork
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234 Direttamente [Foreground]. Per la versione GUI,
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235 .B Vim
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236 non crea [fork] una nuova finestra, indipendente dalla shell di invocazione.
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237 .TP
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238 \-F
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239 Se
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240 .B Vim
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241 è stato compilato con supporto FKMAP per editare file con orientamento
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242 destra-sinistra e tastiera con mappatura Farsi, questa opzione inizia
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243 .B Vim
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244 in Modo Farsi, cioè impostando 'fkmap' e 'rightleft'.
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245 Altrimenti viene dato un messaggio di errore e
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246 .B Vim
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247 termina in modo anormale.
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248 .TP
225
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249 \-g
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250 Se
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251 .B Vim
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252 è stato compilato con supporto GUI, questa opzione chiede di usarla.
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253 Se Vim è stato compilato senza supporto GUI viene dato un messaggio di errore e
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254 .B Vim
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255 termina in modo anormale.
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256 .TP
225
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257 \-h
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258 Un po' di aiuto su opzioni e argomenti che si possono dare invocando Vim.
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259 Subito dopo
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260 .B Vim
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261 esce.
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262 .TP
225
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263 \-H
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264 Se
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265 .B Vim
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266 è stato compilato col supporto RIGHTLEFT per editare file con orientamento
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267 destra-sinistra e tastiera con mappatura Ebraica, questa opzione inizia
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268 .B Vim
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269 in Modo Ebraico, cioè impostando 'hkmap' e 'rightleft'.
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270 Altrimenti viene dato un messaggio di errore e
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271 .B Vim
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272 termina in modo anormale.
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273 .TP
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274 \-i {viminfo}
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275 Se è abilitato l'uso di un file viminfo, questa opzione indica il nome
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276 del file da usare invece di quello predefinito "~/.viminfo".
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277 Si può anche evitare l'uso di un file .viminfo, dando come nome "NONE".
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278 .TP
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279 \-L
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280 Equivalente a \-r.
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281 .TP
225
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282 \-l
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283 Modo Lisp.
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284 Imposta le opzioni 'lisp' e 'showmatch'.
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285 .TP
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286 \-m
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287 Inibisce modifica file.
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288 Annulla l'opzione 'write'.
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289 È ancora possibile modificare un buffer [in memoria \- Ndt], ma non scriverlo.
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290 .TP
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291 \-M
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292 Modifiche non permesse. Le opzioni 'modifiable' e 'write' sono annullate,
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293 in modo da impedire sia modifiche che riscritture. Da notare che queste
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294 opzioni possono essere abilitate in seguito, permettendo così modifiche.
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295 .TP
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296 \-N
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297 Modo "Non-compatibile". Annulla l'opzione 'compatible'.
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298 Così
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299 .B Vim
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300 va un po' meglio, ma è meno compatibile con Vi, anche in assenza di un
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301 file .vimrc.
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302 .TP
225
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303 \-n
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304 Inibisce l'uso di un file di swap.
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305 Il recupero dopo una caduta di macchina diventa impossibile.
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306 Utile per editare un file su un supporto molto lento (ad es. floppy).
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307 Il comando ":set uc=0" ha lo stesso effetto.
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308 Per abilitare il recupero usare ":set uc=200".
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309 .TP
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310 \-nb
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311 Diviene un Editor server per NetBeans. Vedere la documentazione per dettagli.
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312 .TP
225
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313 \-o[N]
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314 Apri N finestre in orizzontale.
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315 Se N manca, apri una finestra per ciascun file.
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316 .TP
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317 \-O[N]
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318 Apri N finestre, in verticale.
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319 Se N manca, apri una finestra per ciascun file.
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320 .TP
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321 \-R
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322 Modo Read-only (Sola Lettura).
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323 Imposta l'opzione 'readonly'.
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324 Si può ancora modificare il buffer, ma siete protetti da una riscrittura
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325 involontaria.
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326 Se volete davvero riscrivere il file, aggiungete un punto esclamativo
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327 al comando Ex, come in ":w!".
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328 L'opzione \-R implica anche l'opzione \-n (vedere sotto).
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329 L'opzione 'readonly' può essere annullata con ":set noro".
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330 Vedere ":help 'readonly'".
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331 .TP
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332 \-r
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333 Lista file di swap, assieme a dati utili per un recupero.
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334 .TP
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335 \-r {file}
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336 Modo Recovery (ripristino).
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337 Il file di swap è usato per recuperare una sessione di edit finita male.
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338 Il file di swap è un file con lo stesso nome file del file di testo
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339 editato, col suffisso ".swp".
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340 Vedere ":help recovery".
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341 .TP
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342 \-s
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343 Modo silenzioso. Solo quando invocato come "Ex" o quando l'opzione
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344 "\-e" è stata data prima dell'opzione "\-s".
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345 .TP
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346 \-s {scriptin}
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347 Lo script file {scriptin} è letto.
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348 I caratteri nel file sono interpretati come se immessi da voi.
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349 Lo stesso si può ottenere col comando ":source! {scriptin}".
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350 Se la fine del file di input viene raggiunta prima che Vim termini,
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351 l'ulteriore input viene preso dalla tastiera.
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352 .TP
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353 \-T {terminale}
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354 Dice a
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355 .B Vim
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356 quale tipo di terminale state usando.
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357 Utile solo se il terminale non viene riconosciuto correttamente da Vim.
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358 Dovrebbe essere un terminale noto a
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359 .B Vim
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360 (internamente) o definito nel file termcap o terminfo.
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361 .TP
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362 \-u {vimrc}
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363 Usa i comandi nel file {vimrc} per inizializzazioni.
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364 Tutte le altre inizializzazioni non sono eseguite.
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365 Usate questa opzione per editare qualche file di tipo speciale.
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366 Può anche essere usato per non fare alcuna inizializzazione dando
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367 come nome "NONE".
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368 Vedere ":help initialization" da vim per ulteriori dettagli.
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369 .TP
225
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370 \-U {gvimrc}
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371 Usa i comandi nel file {gvimrc} per inizializzazioni GUI.
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372 Tutte le altre inizializzazioni GUI non sono eseguite.
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373 Può anche essere usata per non fare alcuna inizializzazione GUI dando
36
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374 come nome "NONE".
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375 Vedere ":help gui-init" da vim per ulteriori dettagli.
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376 .TP
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377 \-V[N]
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378 Verboso. Vim manda messaggi relativi agli script file che esegue
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379 e quando legge o scrive un file viminfo. Il numero opzionale N è il valore
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380 dell'opzione 'verbose'.
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381 Il valore predefinito è 10.
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382 .TP
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383 \-v
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384 Inizia
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385 .B Vim
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386 in Modo Vi, come se il programma eseguibile fosse "vi". Questo ha
36
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387 effetto solo quando Vim viene invocato con il nome "ex".
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388 .TP
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389 \-w {scriptout}
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390 Ogni carattere immesso viene registrato nel file {scriptout},
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391 finché non uscite da
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392 .B Vim.
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393 Utile se si vuole creare uno script file da usare con "vim \-s" o
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394 ":source!".
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395 Se il file {scriptout} esiste, quel che immettete viene aggiunto in fondo.
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396 .TP
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397 \-W {scriptout}
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398 Come \-w, ma uno script file esistente viene sovrascritto.
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399 .TP
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400 \-x
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401 Uso di cifratura nella scrittura dei file. E' necessario immettere
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402 una chiave di cifratura.
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403 .TP
225
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404 \-X
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405 Non connetterti al server X. Vim parte più rapidamente,
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406 ma il titolo della finestra e la clipboard non sono disponibili.
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407 .TP
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408 \-y
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409 Eseguire
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410 .B Vim
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411 in Modo Easy (semplificata), come se l'eseguibile invocato
36
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412 sia "evim" o "eview".
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413 Fa sì che
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414 .B Vim
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415 si comporti come un editor che usa solo il mouse e i caratteri.
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416 .TP
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417 \-Z
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418 Modo ristretto. Vim si comporta come se invocato con un nome
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419 che inizia per "r".
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420 .TP
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421 \-\-
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422 Specifica la fine delle opzioni.
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423 Argomenti specificati dopo questo sono considerati nomi file.
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424 Si può usare per editare un file il cui nome inizi per '-'.
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425 .TP
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426 \-\-echo\-wid
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427 Solo con GUI GTK: Visualizza Window ID su "stdout".
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428 .TP
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429 \-\-help
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430 Vim dà un messaggio ed esce, come con l'argomento "\-h".
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431 .TP
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432 \-\-literal
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433 Considera i nomi passati come argomenti letterali, senza espandere
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434 metacaratteri. Non necessario in Unix, la shell espande i metacaratteri.
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435 .TP
225
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436 \-\-noplugin
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437 Non caricare plugin. Implicito se si specifica \-u NONE.
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438 .TP
225
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439 \-\-remote
36
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440 Connettersi a un server Vim e chiedere di editare i file elencati come altri
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vimboss
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441 argomenti. Se non si trova un server viene dato un messaggio e i file sono
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442 editati nel Vim corrente.
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443 .TP
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diff changeset
444 \-\-remote\-expr {expr}
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445 Connettersi a un server Vim, valutare ivi {expr} e stampare il risultato
36
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446 su "stdout".
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447 .TP
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448 \-\-remote\-send {chiavi}
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449 Connettersi a un server Vim e spedirgli {chiavi}.
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450 .TP
225
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451 \-\-remote\-silent
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452 Come \-\-remote, ma senza avvisare se non si trova un server.
36
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453 .TP
225
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diff changeset
454 \-\-remote-wait
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455 Come \-\-remote, ma Vim non termina finché i file non sono stati editati.
36
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456 .TP
225
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diff changeset
457 \-\-remote\-wait\-silent
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458 Come \-\-remote\-wait, ma senza avvisare se non si trova un server.
36
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459 .TP
225
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460 \-\-serverlist
36
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vimboss
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461 Lista i nomi di tutti i server Vim disponibili.
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462 .TP
225
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463 \-\-servername {nome}
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464 Usa {nome} come nome server. Usato per il Vim corrente, a meno che sia
225
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465 usato con l'argomento \-\-remote, nel qual caso indica il server a cui
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466 connettersi.
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467 .TP
225
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468 \-\-socketid {id}
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469 Solo con GUI GTK: Usa il meccanismo GtkPlug per eseguire gvim in un'altra
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vimboss
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470 finestra.
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471 .TP
225
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472 \-\-version
36
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vimboss
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473 Stampa la versione di Vim ed esci.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
474 .SH AIUTO ONLINE
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vimboss
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475 Battere ":help" in
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
476 .B Vim
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vimboss
parents:
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477 per iniziare.
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vimboss
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478 Battere ":help argomento" per ricevere aiuto su uno specifico argomento.
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479 Per esempio: ":help ZZ" per ricevere aiuto sul comando "ZZ".
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480 Usare <Tab> e CTRL\-D per completare gli argomenti
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481 (":help cmdline\-completion").
36
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482 Ci sono "tag" nei file di help per saltare da un argomento a un altro
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483 (simili a legami ipertestuali, vedere ":help").
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vimboss
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484 Tutti i file di documentazione possono essere navigati così. Ad es.:
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vimboss
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diff changeset
485 ":help syntax.txt".
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vimboss
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486 .SH FILE
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487 .TP 15
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vimboss
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488 /usr/local/lib/vim/doc/*.txt
225
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489 I file di documentazione di
36
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vimboss
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490 .B Vim
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491 .
225
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492 Usate ":help doc\-file\-list" per avere la lista completa.
36
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493 .TP
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vimboss
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diff changeset
494 /usr/local/lib/vim/doc/tags
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
495 Il file di tags usato per trovare informazioni nei file di documentazione.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
496 .TP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
497 /usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/syntax.vim
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
498 Inizializzazioni sintattiche a livello di sistema.
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vimboss
parents:
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499 .TP
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vimboss
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diff changeset
500 /usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/*.vim
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vimboss
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501 File di colorazione sintattica per vari linguaggi.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
502 .TP
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
503 /usr/local/lib/vim/vimrc
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
504 Inizializzazioni
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
505 .B Vim
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
506 a livello di sistema.
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507 .TP
225
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parents: 36
diff changeset
508 ~/.vimrc
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vimboss
parents: 36
diff changeset
509 Le vostre personali inizializzazioni di
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vimboss
parents: 36
diff changeset
510 .B Vim
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diff changeset
511 .
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parents: 36
diff changeset
512 .TP
36
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513 /usr/local/lib/vim/gvimrc
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
514 Inizializzazioni gvim a livello di sistema.
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515 .TP
225
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parents: 36
diff changeset
516 ~/.gvimrc
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vimboss
parents: 36
diff changeset
517 Le vostre personali inizializzazioni di gvim.
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vimboss
parents: 36
diff changeset
518 .TP
36
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519 /usr/local/lib/vim/optwin.vim
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vimboss
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diff changeset
520 Script Vim usato dal comando ":options", un modo semplice
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
521 per visualizzare e impostare opzioni.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
522 .TP
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vimboss
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523 /usr/local/lib/vim/menu.vim
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parents: 2216
diff changeset
524 Inizializzazioni del menù gvim a livello di sistema.
36
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525 .TP
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vimboss
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diff changeset
526 /usr/local/lib/vim/bugreport.vim
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vimboss
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diff changeset
527 Script Vim per generare una segnalazione di errore. Vedere ":help bugs".
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
528 .TP
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vimboss
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529 /usr/local/lib/vim/filetype.vim
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
530 Script Vim per determinare il tipo di un file a partire dal suo nome.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
531 Vedere ":help 'filetype'".
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vimboss
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diff changeset
532 .TP
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vimboss
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diff changeset
533 /usr/local/lib/vim/scripts.vim
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
534 Script Vim per determinare il tipo di un file a partire dal suo contenuto.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
535 Vedere ":help 'filetype'".
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
536 .TP
1698
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vimboss
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diff changeset
537 /usr/local/lib/vim/print/*.ps
36
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vimboss
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diff changeset
538 File usati per stampa PostScript.
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539 .PP
225
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diff changeset
540 Per informazioni aggiornate [in inglese \- NdT] vedere la home page di Vim:
36
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diff changeset
541 .br
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vimboss
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diff changeset
542 <URL:http://www.vim.org/>
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vimboss
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diff changeset
543 .SH VEDERE ANCHE
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
544 vimtutor(1)
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vimboss
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diff changeset
545 .SH AUTORE
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vimboss
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diff changeset
546 Buona parte di
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
547 .B Vim
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
548 è stato scritto da Bram Moolenaar, con molto aiuto da altri.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
549 Vedere ":help credits" in
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
550 .B Vim.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
551 .br
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vimboss
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552 .B Vim
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
553 è basato su Stevie, scritto da: Tim Thompson,
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
554 Tony Andrews e G.R. (Fred) Walter.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
555 In verità, poco o nulla è rimasto del loro codice originale.
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vimboss
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556 .SH BACHI
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vimboss
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557 Probabili.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
558 Vedere ":help todo" per una lista di problemi noti.
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vimboss
parents:
diff changeset
559 .PP
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vimboss
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560 Si noti che un certo numero di comportamenti che possono essere considerati
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561 errori da qualcuno, sono in effetti causati da una riproduzione fin troppo
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562 fedele del comportamento di Vi.
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563 Se ritenete che altre cose siano errori "perché Vi si comporta diversamente",
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564 date prima un'occhiata al file vi_diff.txt
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565 (o battere :help vi_diff.txt da Vim).
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566 Date anche un'occhiata alle opzioni 'compatible' e 'cpoptions.