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annotate runtime/doc/os_win32.txt @ 25128:3766babfb546 v8.2.3101

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patch 8.2.3101: missing function prototype for vim_round() Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/67b17a6fc62156383d24dcbd6e6df34e180d7235 Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> Date: Sun Jul 4 16:50:55 2021 +0200 patch 8.2.3101: missing function prototype for vim_round() Problem: Missing function prototype for vim_round(). Solution: Add the prototype.
author Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
date Sun, 04 Jul 2021 17:00:05 +0200
parents beff72446e2e
children 54425c665ba9
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1 *os_win32.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2021 Apr 05
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3
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by George Reilly
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5
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6
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7 *win32* *Win32* *MS-Windows*
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8 This file documents the idiosyncrasies of the Win32 version of Vim.
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9
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10 The Win32 version of Vim works on Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10. There are
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11 both console and GUI versions.
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12
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13 The 32 bit version also runs on 64 bit MS-Windows systems.
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14
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15 1. Known problems |win32-problems|
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16 2. Startup |win32-startup|
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17 3. Restore screen contents |win32-restore|
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18 4. Using the mouse |win32-mouse|
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19 5. Running under Windows 95 |win32-win95|
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20 6. Running under Windows 3.1 |win32-win3.1|
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21 7. Win32 mini FAQ |win32-faq|
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22
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23 Additionally, there are a number of common Win32 and DOS items:
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24 File locations |dos-locations|
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25 Using backslashes |dos-backslash|
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26 Standard mappings |dos-standard-mappings|
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27 Screen output and colors |dos-colors|
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28 File formats |dos-file-formats|
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29 :cd command |dos-:cd|
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30 Interrupting |dos-CTRL-Break|
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31 Temp files |dos-temp-files|
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32 Shell option default |dos-shell|
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33 PowerShell defaults |dos-powershell|
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34
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35 Win32 GUI |gui-w32|
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36
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37 Credits:
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38 The Win32 version was written by George V. Reilly <george@reilly.org>.
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39 The original Windows NT port was done by Roger Knobbe <RogerK@wonderware.com>.
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40 The GUI version was made by George V. Reilly and Robert Webb.
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41
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42 For compiling see "src/INSTALLpc.txt". *win32-compiling*
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44 ==============================================================================
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45 1. Known problems *win32-problems*
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46
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47 When doing file name completion, Vim also finds matches for the short file
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48 name. But Vim will still find and use the corresponding long file name. For
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49 example, if you have the long file name "this_is_a_test" with the short file
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50 name "this_i~1", the command ":e *1" will start editing "this_is_a_test".
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51
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52 ==============================================================================
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53 2. Startup *win32-startup*
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54
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55 Current directory *win32-curdir*
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56
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57 If Vim is started with a single file name argument, and it has a full path
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58 (starts with "x:\"), Vim assumes it was started from the file explorer and
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59 will set the current directory to where that file is. To avoid this when
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60 typing a command to start Vim, use a forward slash instead of a backslash.
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61 Example: >
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62
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63 vim c:\text\files\foo.txt
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64
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65 Will change to the "C:\text\files" directory. >
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66
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67 vim c:/text\files\foo.txt
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68
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69 Will use the current directory.
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70
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71
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72 Term option *win32-term*
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73
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74 The only kind of terminal type that the Win32 version of Vim understands is
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75 "win32", which is built-in. If you set 'term' to anything else, you will
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76 probably get very strange behavior from Vim. Therefore Vim does not obtain
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77 the default value of 'term' from the environment variable "TERM".
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78
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79 $PATH *win32-PATH*
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80
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81 The directory of the Vim executable is appended to $PATH. This is mostly to
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82 make "!xxd" work, as it is in the Tools menu. And it also means that when
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83 executable() returns 1 the executable can actually be executed.
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84
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85 Command line arguments *win32-cmdargs*
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86
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87 Analysis of a command line into parameters is not standardised in MS-Windows.
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88 Vim and gvim used to use different logic to parse it (before 7.4.432), and the
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89 logic was also depended on what it was compiled with. Now Vim and gvim both
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90 use the CommandLineToArgvW() Win32 API, so they behave in the same way.
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91
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92 The basic rules are: *win32-backslashes*
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93 a) A parameter is a sequence of graphic characters.
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94 b) Parameters are separated by white space.
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95 c) A parameter can be enclosed in double quotes to include white space.
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96 d) A sequence of zero or more backslashes (\) and a double quote (")
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97 is special. The effective number of backslashes is halved, rounded
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98 down. An even number of backslashes reverses the acceptability of
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99 spaces and tabs, an odd number of backslashes produces a literal
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100 double quote.
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101
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102 So:
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103 " is a special double quote
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104 \" is a literal double quote
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105 \\" is a literal backslash and a special double quote
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106 \\\" is a literal backslash and a literal double quote
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107 \\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a special double quote
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108 \\\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a literal double quote
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109 etc.
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110
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111 Example: >
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112 vim "C:\My Music\freude" +"set ignorecase" +/"\"foo\\" +\"bar\\\"
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113
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114 opens "C:\My Music\freude" and executes the line mode commands: >
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115 set ignorecase; /"foo\ and /bar\"
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116
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117 These rules are also described in the reference of the CommandLineToArgvW API:
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118 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb776391.aspx
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119
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120 *win32-quotes*
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121 There are additional rules for quotes (which are not well documented).
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122 As described above, quotes inside a file name (or any other command line
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123 argument) can be escaped with a backslash. E.g. >
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124 vim -c "echo 'foo\"bar'"
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125
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126 Alternatively use three quotes to get one: >
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127 vim -c "echo 'foo"""bar'"
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128
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129 The quotation rules are:
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131 1. A `"` starts quotation.
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132 2. Another `"` or `""` ends quotation. If the quotation ends with `""`, a `"`
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133 is produced at the end of the quoted string.
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134
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135 Examples, with [] around an argument:
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136 "foo" -> [foo]
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137 "foo"" -> [foo"]
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138 "foo"bar -> [foobar]
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139 "foo" bar -> [foo], [bar]
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140 "foo""bar -> [foo"bar]
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141 "foo"" bar -> [foo"], [bar]
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142 "foo"""bar" -> [foo"bar]
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143
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144
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145 ==============================================================================
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146 3. Restore screen contents *win32-restore*
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147
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148 When 'restorescreen' is set (which is the default), Vim will restore the
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149 original contents of the console when exiting or when executing external
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150 commands. If you don't want this, use ":set nors". |'restorescreen'|
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151
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152 ==============================================================================
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153 4. Using the mouse *win32-mouse*
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154
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155 The Win32 version of Vim supports using the mouse. If you have a two-button
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156 mouse, the middle button can be emulated by pressing both left and right
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157 buttons simultaneously - but note that in the Win32 GUI, if you have the right
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158 mouse button pop-up menu enabled (see 'mouse'), you should err on the side of
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159 pressing the left button first. |mouse-using|
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160
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161 When the mouse doesn't work, try disabling the "Quick Edit Mode" feature of
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162 the console.
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163
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164 ==============================================================================
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165 5. Running under Windows 95 *win32-win95*
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166 *windows95* *windows98* *windowsme*
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167 Windows 95/98/ME support was removed in patch 8.0.0029 If you want to use it
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168 you will need to get a version older than that.
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169
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170 ==============================================================================
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171 6. Running under Windows 3.1 *win32-win3.1*
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172
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173 *win32s* *windows-3.1* *gui-w32s* *win16*
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174 There was a special version of gvim that runs under Windows 3.1 and 3.11.
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175 Support was removed in patch 7.4.1364.
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176
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177 ==============================================================================
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178 7. Win32 mini FAQ *win32-faq*
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179
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180 Q. How do I change the font?
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181 A. In the GUI version, you can use the 'guifont' option. Example: >
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182 :set guifont=Lucida_Console:h15:cDEFAULT
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183 < In the console version, you need to set the font of the console itself.
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184 You cannot do this from within Vim.
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185
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186 Q. How do I type dead keys on Windows NT?
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187 A. Dead keys work on NT 3.51. Just type them as you would in any other
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188 application.
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189 On NT 4.0, you need to make sure that the default locale (set in the
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190 Keyboard part of the Control Panel) is the same as the currently active
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191 locale. Otherwise the NT code will get confused and crash! This is a NT
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192 4.0 problem, not really a Vim problem.
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193
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194 Q. I'm using Vim to edit a symbolically linked file on a Unix NFS file server.
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195 When I write the file, Vim does not "write through" the symlink. Instead,
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196 it deletes the symbolic link and creates a new file in its place. Why?
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197 A. On Unix, Vim is prepared for links (symbolic or hard). A backup copy of
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198 the original file is made and then the original file is overwritten. This
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199 assures that all properties of the file remain the same. On non-Unix
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200 systems, the original file is renamed and a new file is written. Only the
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201 protection bits are set like the original file. However, this doesn't work
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202 properly when working on an NFS-mounted file system where links and other
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203 things exist. The only way to fix this in the current version is not
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204 making a backup file, by ":set nobackup nowritebackup" |'writebackup'|
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205
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206 Q. I'm using Vim to edit a file on a Unix file server through Samba. When I
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207 write the file, the owner of the file is changed. Why?
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208 A. When writing a file Vim renames the original file, this is a backup (in
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209 case writing the file fails halfway). Then the file is written as a new
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210 file. Samba then gives it the default owner for the file system, which may
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211 differ from the original owner.
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212 To avoid this set the 'backupcopy' option to "yes". Vim will then make a
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213 copy of the file for the backup, and overwrite the original file. The
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214 owner isn't changed then.
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215
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216 Q. How do I get to see the output of ":make" while it's running?
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217 A. Basically what you need is to put a tee program that will copy its input
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218 (the output from make) to both stdout and to the errorfile. You can find a
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219 copy of tee (and a number of other GNU tools) at
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220 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net or http://unxutils.sourceforge.net
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221 Alternatively, try the more recent Cygnus version of the GNU tools at
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222 http://www.cygwin.com Other Unix-style tools for Win32 are listed at
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223 http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/
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224 When you do get a copy of tee, you'll need to add >
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225 :set shellpipe=\|\ tee
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226 < to your _vimrc.
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227
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228 Q. I'm storing files on a remote machine that works with VisionFS, and files
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229 disappear!
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230 A. VisionFS can't handle certain dot (.) three letter extension file names.
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231 SCO declares this behavior required for backwards compatibility with 16bit
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232 DOS/Windows environments. The two commands below demonstrate the behavior:
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233 >
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234 echo Hello > file.bat~
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235 dir > file.bat
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236 <
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237 The result is that the "dir" command updates the "file.bat~" file, instead
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238 of creating a new "file.bat" file. This same behavior is exhibited in Vim
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239 when editing an existing file named "foo.bat" because the default behavior
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240 of Vim is to create a temporary file with a '~' character appended to the
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241 name. When the file is written, it winds up being deleted.
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242
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243 Solution: Add this command to your _vimrc file: >
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244 :set backupext=.temporary
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245
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246 Q. How do I change the blink rate of the cursor?
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247 A. You can't! This is a limitation of the NT console. NT 5.0 is reported to
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248 be able to set the blink rate for all console windows at the same time.
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249
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250 *:!start*
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251 Q. How can I asynchronously run an external command or program, or open a
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252 document or URL with its default program?
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253 A. When using :! to run an external command, you can run it with "start". For
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254 example, to run notepad: >
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255 :!start notepad
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256 < To open "image.jpg" with the default image viewer: >
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257 :!start image.jpg
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258 < To open the folder of the current file in Windows Explorer: >
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259 :!start %:h
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260 < To open the Vim home page with the default browser: >
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261 :!start http://www.vim.org/
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262 <
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263 Using "start" stops Vim switching to another screen, opening a new console,
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264 or waiting for the program to complete; it indicates that you are running a
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265 program that does not affect the files you are editing. Programs begun
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266 with :!start do not get passed Vim's open file handles, which means they do
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267 not have to be closed before Vim.
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268 To avoid this special treatment, use ":! start".
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269 There are two optional arguments (see the next Q):
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270 /min the window will be minimized
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271 /b no console window will be opened
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272 You can use only one of these flags at a time. A second one will be
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273 treated as the start of the command.
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274
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275 Q. How do I avoid getting a window for programs that I run asynchronously?
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276 A. You have two possible solutions depending on what you want:
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277 1) You may use the /min flag in order to run program in a minimized state
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278 with no other changes. It will work equally for console and GUI
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279 applications.
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280 2) You can use the /b flag to run console applications without creating a
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281 console window for them (GUI applications are not affected). But you
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282 should use this flag only if the application you run doesn't require any
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283 input. Otherwise it will get an EOF error because its input stream
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284 (stdin) would be redirected to \\.\NUL (stdout and stderr too).
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285
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286 Example for a console application, run Exuberant ctags: >
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287 :!start /min ctags -R .
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288 < When it has finished you should see file named "tags" in your current
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289 directory. You should notice the window title blinking on your taskbar.
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290 This is more noticeable for commands that take longer.
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291 Now delete the "tags" file and run this command: >
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292 :!start /b ctags -R .
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293 < You should have the same "tags" file, but this time there will be no
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294 blinking on the taskbar.
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295 Example for a GUI application: >
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296 :!start /min notepad
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297 :!start /b notepad
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298 < The first command runs notepad minimized and the second one runs it
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299 normally.
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300
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301 *windows-icon*
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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302 Q. I don't like the Vim icon, can I change it?
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
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303 A. Yes, place your favorite icon in bitmaps/vim.ico in a directory of
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents: 6180
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304 'runtimepath'. For example ~/vimfiles/bitmaps/vim.ico.
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305
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306
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307 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: