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1 *if_pyth.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Feb 28
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Paul Moore
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7 The Python Interface to Vim *python* *Python*
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8
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9 1. Commands |python-commands|
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10 2. The vim module |python-vim|
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11 3. Buffer objects |python-buffer|
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12 4. Range objects |python-range|
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13 5. Window objects |python-window|
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14
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15 {Vi does not have any of these commands}
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16
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17 The Python interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the
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18 |+python| feature.
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19
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20 ==============================================================================
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21 1. Commands *python-commands*
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22
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23 *:python* *:py* *E205* *E263* *E264*
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24 :[range]py[thon] {stmt}
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25 Execute Python statement {stmt}.
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26
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27 :[range]py[thon] << {endmarker}
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28 {script}
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29 {endmarker}
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30 Execute Python script {script}.
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31 Note: This command doesn't work when the Python
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32 feature wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see
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33 |script-here|.
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34
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35 {endmarker} must NOT be preceded by any white space. If {endmarker} is
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36 omitted from after the "<<", a dot '.' must be used after {script}, like
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37 for the |:append| and |:insert| commands.
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38 This form of the |:python| command is mainly useful for including python code
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39 in Vim scripts.
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40
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41 Example: >
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42 function! IcecreamInitialize()
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43 python << EOF
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44 class StrawberryIcecream:
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45 def __call__(self):
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46 print 'EAT ME'
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47 EOF
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48 endfunction
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49 <
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50 Note: Python is very sensitive to the indenting. Also make sure the "class"
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51 line and "EOF" do not have any indent.
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52
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53 *:pyfile* *:pyf*
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54 :[range]pyf[ile] {file}
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55 Execute the Python script in {file}. The whole
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56 argument is used as a single file name. {not in Vi}
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57
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58 Both of these commands do essentially the same thing - they execute a piece of
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59 Python code, with the "current range" |python-range| set to the given line
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60 range.
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61
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62 In the case of :python, the code to execute is in the command-line.
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63 In the case of :pyfile, the code to execute is the contents of the given file.
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64
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65 Python commands cannot be used in the |sandbox|.
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66
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67 To pass arguments you need to set sys.argv[] explicitly. Example: >
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68
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69 :python import sys
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70 :python sys.argv = ["foo", "bar"]
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71 :pyfile myscript.py
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72
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73 Here are some examples *python-examples* >
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74
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75 :python from vim import *
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76 :python from string import upper
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77 :python current.line = upper(current.line)
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78 :python print "Hello"
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79 :python str = current.buffer[42]
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80
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81 (Note that changes - like the imports - persist from one command to the next,
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82 just like in the Python interpreter.)
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83
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84 ==============================================================================
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85 2. The vim module *python-vim*
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86
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87 Python code gets all of its access to vim (with one exception - see
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88 |python-output| below) via the "vim" module. The vim module implements two
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89 methods, three constants, and one error object. You need to import the vim
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90 module before using it: >
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91 :python import vim
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92
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93 Overview >
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94 print "Hello" # displays a message
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95 vim.command(cmd) # execute an ex command
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96 w = vim.windows[n] # gets window "n"
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97 cw = vim.current.window # gets the current window
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98 b = vim.buffers[n] # gets buffer "n"
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99 cb = vim.current.buffer # gets the current buffer
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100 w.height = lines # sets the window height
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101 w.cursor = (row, col) # sets the window cursor position
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102 pos = w.cursor # gets a tuple (row, col)
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103 name = b.name # gets the buffer file name
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104 line = b[n] # gets a line from the buffer
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105 lines = b[n:m] # gets a list of lines
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106 num = len(b) # gets the number of lines
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107 b[n] = str # sets a line in the buffer
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108 b[n:m] = [str1, str2, str3] # sets a number of lines at once
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109 del b[n] # deletes a line
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110 del b[n:m] # deletes a number of lines
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111
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112
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113 Methods of the "vim" module
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114
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115 vim.command(str) *python-command*
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116 Executes the vim (ex-mode) command str. Returns None.
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117 Examples: >
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118 vim.command("set tw=72")
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119 vim.command("%s/aaa/bbb/g")
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120 < The following definition executes Normal mode commands: >
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121 def normal(str):
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122 vim.command("normal "+str)
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123 # Note the use of single quotes to delimit a string containing
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124 # double quotes
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125 normal('"a2dd"aP')
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126 < *E659*
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127 The ":python" command cannot be used recursively with Python 2.2 and
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128 older. This only works with Python 2.3 and later: >
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129 :python vim.command("python print 'Hello again Python'")
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130
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131 vim.eval(str) *python-eval*
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132 Evaluates the expression str using the vim internal expression
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133 evaluator (see |expression|). Returns the expression result as a
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134 string.
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135 Examples: >
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136 text_width = vim.eval("&tw")
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137 str = vim.eval("12+12") # NB result is a string! Use
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138 # string.atoi() to convert to
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139 # a number.
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140
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141 Error object of the "vim" module
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142
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143 vim.error *python-error*
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144 Upon encountering a Vim error, Python raises an exception of type
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145 vim.error.
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146 Example: >
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147 try:
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148 vim.command("put a")
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149 except vim.error:
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150 # nothing in register a
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151
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152 Constants of the "vim" module
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153
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154 Note that these are not actually constants - you could reassign them.
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155 But this is silly, as you would then lose access to the vim objects
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156 to which the variables referred.
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157
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158 vim.buffers *python-buffers*
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159 A sequence object providing access to the list of vim buffers. The
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160 object supports the following operations: >
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161 b = vim.buffers[i] # Indexing (read-only)
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162 b in vim.buffers # Membership test
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163 n = len(vim.buffers) # Number of elements
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164 for b in vim.buffers: # Sequential access
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165 <
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166 vim.windows *python-windows*
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167 A sequence object providing access to the list of vim windows. The
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168 object supports the following operations: >
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169 w = vim.windows[i] # Indexing (read-only)
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170 w in vim.windows # Membership test
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171 n = len(vim.windows) # Number of elements
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172 for w in vim.windows: # Sequential access
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173 <
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174 vim.current *python-current*
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175 An object providing access (via specific attributes) to various
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176 "current" objects available in vim:
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177 vim.current.line The current line (RW) String
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178 vim.current.buffer The current buffer (RO) Buffer
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179 vim.current.window The current window (RO) Window
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180 vim.current.range The current line range (RO) Range
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181
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182 The last case deserves a little explanation. When the :python or
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183 :pyfile command specifies a range, this range of lines becomes the
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184 "current range". A range is a bit like a buffer, but with all access
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185 restricted to a subset of lines. See |python-range| for more details.
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186
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187
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188 Output from Python *python-output*
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189 Vim displays all Python code output in the Vim message area. Normal
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190 output appears as information messages, and error output appears as
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191 error messages.
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192
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193 In implementation terms, this means that all output to sys.stdout
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194 (including the output from print statements) appears as information
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195 messages, and all output to sys.stderr (including error tracebacks)
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196 appears as error messages.
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197
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198 *python-input*
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199 Input (via sys.stdin, including input() and raw_input()) is not
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200 supported, and may cause the program to crash. This should probably be
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201 fixed.
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202
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203 ==============================================================================
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204 3. Buffer objects *python-buffer*
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205
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206 Buffer objects represent vim buffers. You can obtain them in a number of ways:
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207 - via vim.current.buffer (|python-current|)
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208 - from indexing vim.buffers (|python-buffers|)
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209 - from the "buffer" attribute of a window (|python-window|)
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210
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211 Buffer objects have one read-only attribute - name - the full file name for
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212 the buffer. They also have three methods (append, mark, and range; see below).
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213
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214 You can also treat buffer objects as sequence objects. In this context, they
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215 act as if they were lists (yes, they are mutable) of strings, with each
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216 element being a line of the buffer. All of the usual sequence operations,
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217 including indexing, index assignment, slicing and slice assignment, work as
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218 you would expect. Note that the result of indexing (slicing) a buffer is a
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219 string (list of strings). This has one unusual consequence - b[:] is different
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220 from b. In particular, "b[:] = None" deletes the whole of the buffer, whereas
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221 "b = None" merely updates the variable b, with no effect on the buffer.
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222
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223 Buffer indexes start at zero, as is normal in Python. This differs from vim
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224 line numbers, which start from 1. This is particularly relevant when dealing
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225 with marks (see below) which use vim line numbers.
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226
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227 The buffer object methods are:
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228 b.append(str) Append a line to the buffer
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229 b.append(list) Append a list of lines to the buffer
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230 Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to
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231 the append method differs from the equivalent method
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232 for Python's built-in list objects.
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233 b.mark(name) Return a tuple (row,col) representing the position
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234 of the named mark (can also get the []"<> marks)
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235 b.range(s,e) Return a range object (see |python-range|) which
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236 represents the part of the given buffer between line
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237 numbers s and e |inclusive|.
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238
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239 Examples (assume b is the current buffer) >
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240 print b.name # write the buffer file name
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241 b[0] = "hello!!!" # replace the top line
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242 b[:] = None # delete the whole buffer
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243 del b[:] # delete the whole buffer (same as above)
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244 b[0:0] = [ "a line" ] # add a line at the top
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245 del b[2] # delete a line (the third)
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246 b.append("bottom") # add a line at the bottom
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247 n = len(b) # number of lines
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248 (row,col) = b.mark('a') # named mark
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249 r = b.range(1,5) # a sub-range of the buffer
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250
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251 ==============================================================================
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252 4. Range objects *python-range*
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253
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254 Range objects represent a part of a vim buffer. You can obtain them in a
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255 number of ways:
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256 - via vim.current.range (|python-current|)
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257 - from a buffer's range() method (|python-buffer|)
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258
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259 A range object is almost identical in operation to a buffer object. However,
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260 all operations are restricted to the lines within the range (this line range
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261 can, of course, change as a result of slice assignments, line deletions, or
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262 the range.append() method).
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263
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264 The range object attributes are:
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265 r.start Index of first line into the buffer
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266 r.end Index of last line into the buffer
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267
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268 The range object methods are:
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269 r.append(str) Append a line to the range
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270 r.append(list) Append a list of lines to the range
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271 Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to
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272 the append method differs from the equivalent method
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273 for Python's built-in list objects.
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274
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275 Example (assume r is the current range):
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276 # Send all lines in a range to the default printer
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277 vim.command("%d,%dhardcopy!" % (r.start+1,r.end+1))
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278
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279 ==============================================================================
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280 5. Window objects *python-window*
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281
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282 Window objects represent vim windows. You can obtain them in a number of ways:
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283 - via vim.current.window (|python-current|)
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284 - from indexing vim.windows (|python-windows|)
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285
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286 You can manipulate window objects only through their attributes. They have no
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287 methods, and no sequence or other interface.
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288
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289 Window attributes are:
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290 buffer (read-only) The buffer displayed in this window
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291 cursor (read-write) The current cursor position in the window
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292 This is a tuple, (row,col).
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293 height (read-write) The window height, in rows
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294 width (read-write) The window width, in columns
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295 The height attribute is writable only if the screen is split horizontally.
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296 The width attribute is writable only if the screen is split vertically.
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297
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298 ==============================================================================
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299 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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