Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/tutor/tutor @ 27970:212c5894b8b1 v8.2.4510
patch 8.2.4510: Vim9: shortening commands leads to confusing script
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/204852ae2adfdde10c656ca7f14e5b4207a69172
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Sat Mar 5 12:56:44 2022 +0000
patch 8.2.4510: Vim9: shortening commands leads to confusing script
Problem: Vim9: shortening commands leads to confusing script.
Solution: In Vim9 script require at least ":cont" for ":continue", "const"
instead of "cons", "break" instead of "brea", "catch" instead of
"cat", "else" instead of "el" "elseif" instead of "elsei" "endfor"
instead of "endfo" "endif" instead of "en" "endtry" instead of
"endt", "finally" instead of "fina", "throw" instead of "th",
"while" instead of "wh".
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 05 Mar 2022 14:00:03 +0100 |
| parents | 179c118424a6 |
| children | cc751d944b7e |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 7 | 1 =============================================================================== |
| 11 | 2 = W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.7 = |
| 7 | 3 =============================================================================== |
| 4 | |
| 5 Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to | |
| 6 explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe | |
| 7 enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as | |
| 8 an all-purpose editor. | |
| 9 | |
| 19968 | 10 The approximate time required to complete the tutor is 30 minutes, |
| 7 | 11 depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation. |
| 12 | |
| 11 | 13 ATTENTION: |
| 7 | 14 The commands in the lessons will modify the text. Make a copy of this |
| 12499 | 15 file to practice on (if you started "vimtutor" this is already a copy). |
| 7 | 16 |
| 17 It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by | |
| 18 use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them | |
| 19 properly. If you only read the text, you will forget the commands! | |
| 20 | |
| 13231 | 21 Now, make sure that your Caps-Lock key is NOT depressed and press |
|
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|
22 the j key enough times to move the cursor so that lesson 1.1 |
| 7 | 23 completely fills the screen. |
| 24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 25 Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR | |
| 26 | |
| 27 | |
| 28 ** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. ** | |
| 29 ^ | |
| 30 k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left. | |
| 31 < h l > The l key is at the right and moves right. | |
| 1123 | 32 j The j key looks like a down arrow. |
| 7 | 33 v |
| 34 1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable. | |
| 35 | |
| 36 2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats. | |
| 11 | 37 Now you know how to move to the next lesson. |
| 7 | 38 |
|
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|
39 3. Using the down key, move to lesson 1.2. |
| 7 | 40 |
| 1123 | 41 NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place |
| 7 | 42 you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted. |
| 43 | |
| 1123 | 44 NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to |
| 11 | 45 move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really! |
| 7 | 46 |
| 47 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 48 Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM |
| 7 | 49 |
| 50 | |
| 51 !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!! | |
| 52 | |
| 53 1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode). | |
| 54 | |
| 11 | 55 2. Type: :q! <ENTER>. |
| 56 This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made. | |
| 7 | 57 |
| 5555 | 58 3. Get back here by executing the command that got you into this tutor. That |
| 59 might be: vimtutor <ENTER> | |
| 7 | 60 |
| 61 4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps | |
| 11 | 62 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor. |
| 63 | |
| 64 NOTE: :q! <ENTER> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you | |
| 65 will learn how to save the changes to a file. | |
| 66 | |
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67 5. Move the cursor down to lesson 1.3. |
| 11 | 68 |
| 69 | |
| 7 | 70 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 71 Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION | |
| 72 | |
| 73 | |
| 11 | 74 ** Press x to delete the character under the cursor. ** |
| 7 | 75 |
| 76 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. | |
| 77 | |
| 78 2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the | |
| 79 character to be deleted. | |
| 80 | |
| 81 3. Press the x key to delete the unwanted character. | |
| 82 | |
| 83 4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct. | |
| 84 | |
| 85 ---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon. | |
| 86 | |
|
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87 5. Now that the line is correct, go on to lesson 1.4. |
| 7 | 88 |
| 89 NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage. | |
| 90 | |
| 91 | |
| 92 | |
| 93 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 94 Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION |
| 7 | 95 |
| 96 | |
| 11 | 97 ** Press i to insert text. ** |
| 7 | 98 |
| 99 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. | |
| 100 | |
| 101 2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top | |
| 15878 | 102 of the character BEFORE which the text is to be inserted. |
| 7 | 103 |
| 104 3. Press i and type in the necessary additions. | |
| 105 | |
| 106 4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode. | |
| 107 Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence. | |
| 108 | |
| 109 ---> There is text misng this . | |
| 110 ---> There is some text missing from this line. | |
| 111 | |
| 1123 | 112 5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5. |
| 7 | 113 |
| 114 | |
| 115 | |
| 116 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 117 Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING |
| 118 | |
| 119 | |
| 120 ** Press A to append text. ** | |
| 121 | |
| 122 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. | |
| 123 It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line. | |
| 124 | |
| 125 2. Press A and type in the necessary additions. | |
| 126 | |
| 127 3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode. | |
| 128 | |
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129 4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat |
| 11 | 130 steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence. |
| 131 | |
| 132 ---> There is some text missing from th | |
| 133 There is some text missing from this line. | |
| 134 ---> There is also some text miss | |
| 135 There is also some text missing here. | |
| 136 | |
| 137 5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6. | |
| 138 | |
| 139 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 140 Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE | |
| 141 | |
| 142 ** Use :wq to save a file and exit. ** | |
| 143 | |
| 144 !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!! | |
| 145 | |
| 25700 | 146 1. If you have access to another terminal, do the following there. |
| 147 Otherwise, exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q! | |
| 11 | 148 |
| 25700 | 149 2. At the shell prompt type this command: vim file.txt <ENTER> |
| 150 'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'file.txt' is the name of | |
| 151 the file you wish to edit. Use the name of a file that you can change. | |
| 11 | 152 |
| 153 3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons. | |
| 154 | |
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155 4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: :wq <ENTER> |
| 11 | 156 |
| 1622 | 157 5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to |
| 158 the following summary. | |
| 11 | 159 |
| 160 6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it. | |
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161 |
| 11 | 162 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 1123 | 163 Lesson 1 SUMMARY |
| 7 | 164 |
| 165 | |
| 166 1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys. | |
| 167 h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right) | |
| 168 | |
| 11 | 169 2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER> |
| 7 | 170 |
| 171 3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes. | |
| 172 OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes. | |
| 173 | |
| 11 | 174 4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x |
| 7 | 175 |
| 11 | 176 5. To insert or append text type: |
| 177 i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor | |
| 178 A type appended text <ESC> append after the line | |
| 7 | 179 |
| 180 NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel | |
| 181 an unwanted and partially completed command. | |
| 182 | |
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183 Now continue with lesson 2. |
| 7 | 184 |
| 185 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 186 Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS | |
| 187 | |
| 188 | |
| 11 | 189 ** Type dw to delete a word. ** |
| 7 | 190 |
| 191 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode. | |
| 192 | |
| 193 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. | |
| 194 | |
| 195 3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted. | |
| 196 | |
| 197 4. Type dw to make the word disappear. | |
| 198 | |
| 11 | 199 NOTE: The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type |
| 200 it. Vim is waiting for you to type w . If you see another character | |
| 201 than d you typed something wrong; press <ESC> and start over. | |
| 7 | 202 |
| 203 ---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence. | |
| 204 | |
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205 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to lesson 2.2. |
| 7 | 206 |
| 207 | |
| 208 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 209 Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS | |
| 210 | |
| 211 | |
| 212 ** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. ** | |
| 213 | |
| 214 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode. | |
| 215 | |
| 216 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. | |
| 217 | |
| 218 3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ). | |
| 219 | |
| 220 4. Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. | |
| 221 | |
| 222 ---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice. | |
| 223 | |
| 224 | |
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225 5. Move on to lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening. |
| 7 | 226 |
| 227 | |
| 228 | |
| 229 | |
| 230 | |
| 231 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 232 Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS |
| 7 | 233 |
| 234 | |
| 11 | 235 Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion. |
| 236 The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows: | |
| 7 | 237 |
| 11 | 238 d motion |
| 239 | |
| 7 | 240 Where: |
| 11 | 241 d - is the delete operator. |
| 242 motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below). | |
| 243 | |
| 244 A short list of motions: | |
| 245 w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character. | |
| 246 e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character. | |
| 247 $ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character. | |
| 248 | |
| 249 Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word. | |
| 250 | |
| 251 NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will | |
| 252 move the cursor as specified. | |
| 7 | 253 |
| 11 | 254 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 255 Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION | |
| 256 | |
| 257 | |
| 258 ** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. ** | |
| 259 | |
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260 1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->. |
| 11 | 261 |
| 262 2. Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward. | |
| 7 | 263 |
| 11 | 264 3. Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward. |
| 265 | |
| 266 4. Type 0 (zero) to move to the start of the line. | |
| 267 | |
| 268 5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers. | |
| 269 | |
| 270 ---> This is just a line with words you can move around in. | |
| 271 | |
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272 6. Move on to lesson 2.5. |
| 7 | 273 |
| 274 | |
| 275 | |
| 276 | |
| 277 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 278 Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE |
| 7 | 279 |
| 280 | |
| 11 | 281 ** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. ** |
| 282 | |
| 283 In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you | |
| 284 insert a count before the motion to delete more: | |
| 285 d number motion | |
| 286 | |
| 287 1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->. | |
| 288 | |
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289 2. Type d2w to delete the two UPPER CASE words. |
| 11 | 290 |
| 291 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive | |
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292 UPPER CASE words with one command. |
| 11 | 293 |
| 294 ---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up. | |
| 295 | |
| 1123 | 296 |
| 297 | |
| 11 | 298 |
| 299 | |
| 300 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 301 Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES | |
| 302 | |
| 303 | |
| 304 ** Type dd to delete a whole line. ** | |
| 7 | 305 |
| 306 Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided | |
| 11 | 307 it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line. |
| 7 | 308 |
| 309 1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below. | |
| 310 2. Type dd to delete the line. | |
| 311 3. Now move to the fourth line. | |
| 11 | 312 4. Type 2dd to delete two lines. |
| 7 | 313 |
| 11 | 314 ---> 1) Roses are red, |
| 315 ---> 2) Mud is fun, | |
| 316 ---> 3) Violets are blue, | |
| 317 ---> 4) I have a car, | |
| 318 ---> 5) Clocks tell time, | |
| 319 ---> 6) Sugar is sweet | |
| 320 ---> 7) And so are you. | |
| 7 | 321 |
| 22958 | 322 Doubling to operate on a line also works for operators mentioned below. |
| 7 | 323 |
| 324 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 325 Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND |
| 7 | 326 |
| 327 | |
| 11 | 328 ** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. ** |
| 7 | 329 |
| 330 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the | |
| 331 first error. | |
| 332 2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character. | |
| 333 3. Now type u to undo the last command executed. | |
| 334 4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the x command. | |
| 335 5. Now type a capital U to return the line to its original state. | |
| 336 6. Now type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands. | |
| 337 7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times | |
| 338 to redo the commands (undo the undo's). | |
| 339 | |
| 340 ---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo. | |
| 341 | |
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342 8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the lesson 2 Summary. |
| 7 | 343 |
| 344 | |
| 345 | |
| 346 | |
| 347 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 1123 | 348 Lesson 2 SUMMARY |
| 7 | 349 |
| 25836 | 350 1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw |
| 351 2. To delete from the cursor up to the end of the word type: de | |
| 352 3. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$ | |
| 353 4. To delete a whole line type: dd | |
| 7 | 354 |
| 25836 | 355 5. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w |
| 356 6. The format for a change command is: | |
| 11 | 357 operator [number] motion |
| 7 | 358 where: |
| 11 | 359 operator - is what to do, such as d for delete |
| 360 [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion | |
| 1123 | 361 motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word), |
| 25836 | 362 e (end of word), $ (end of the line), etc. |
| 7 | 363 |
| 25836 | 364 7. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0 |
| 11 | 365 |
| 25836 | 366 8. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u) |
| 11 | 367 To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U) |
| 25836 | 368 To undo the undo's, type: CTRL-R |
| 7 | 369 |
| 370 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 371 Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND | |
| 372 | |
| 373 | |
| 11 | 374 ** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. ** |
| 7 | 375 |
| 14347 | 376 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. |
| 7 | 377 |
| 11 | 378 2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register. |
| 7 | 379 |
| 11 | 380 3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go. |
| 7 | 381 |
| 11 | 382 4. Type p to put the line below the cursor. |
| 7 | 383 |
| 384 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order. | |
| 385 | |
| 11 | 386 ---> d) Can you learn too? |
| 387 ---> b) Violets are blue, | |
| 388 ---> c) Intelligence is learned, | |
| 389 ---> a) Roses are red, | |
| 7 | 390 |
| 391 | |
| 392 | |
| 393 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 394 Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND | |
| 395 | |
| 396 | |
| 11 | 397 ** Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x . ** |
| 7 | 398 |
| 399 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. | |
| 400 | |
| 401 2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error. | |
| 402 | |
| 11 | 403 3. Type r and then the character which should be there. |
| 7 | 404 |
| 11 | 405 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one. |
| 7 | 406 |
| 407 ---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys! | |
| 408 ---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys! | |
| 409 | |
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410 5. Now move on to lesson 3.3. |
| 7 | 411 |
| 11 | 412 NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization. |
| 7 | 413 |
| 414 | |
| 415 | |
| 416 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 417 Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR |
| 7 | 418 |
| 419 | |
| 11 | 420 ** To change until the end of a word, type ce . ** |
| 7 | 421 |
| 422 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. | |
| 423 | |
| 11 | 424 2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw. |
| 7 | 425 |
| 11 | 426 3. Type ce and the correct word (in this case, type ine ). |
| 7 | 427 |
| 11 | 428 4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed. |
| 7 | 429 |
| 430 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second. | |
| 431 | |
| 1123 | 432 ---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator. |
| 433 ---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator. | |
| 7 | 434 |
| 11 | 435 Notice that ce deletes the word and places you in Insert mode. |
| 22958 | 436 cc does the same for the whole line. |
| 7 | 437 |
| 438 | |
| 439 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 440 Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c | |
| 441 | |
| 442 | |
| 1123 | 443 ** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. ** |
| 7 | 444 |
| 11 | 445 1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is: |
| 7 | 446 |
| 11 | 447 c [number] motion |
| 7 | 448 |
| 11 | 449 2. The motions are the same, such as w (word) and $ (end of line). |
| 7 | 450 |
| 14347 | 451 3. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. |
| 7 | 452 |
| 453 4. Move the cursor to the first error. | |
| 454 | |
| 11 | 455 5. Type c$ and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>. |
| 7 | 456 |
| 457 ---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second. | |
| 458 ---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command. | |
| 459 | |
| 11 | 460 NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing. |
| 7 | 461 |
| 462 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 1123 | 463 Lesson 3 SUMMARY |
| 7 | 464 |
| 465 | |
| 11 | 466 1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the |
| 7 | 467 deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the |
| 468 line below the cursor). | |
| 469 | |
| 470 2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the | |
| 11 | 471 character you want to have there. |
| 7 | 472 |
| 11 | 473 3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the |
| 474 motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of | |
| 475 the word, c$ to change to the end of a line. | |
| 7 | 476 |
| 477 4. The format for change is: | |
| 478 | |
| 11 | 479 c [number] motion |
| 7 | 480 |
| 481 Now go on to the next lesson. | |
| 482 | |
| 483 | |
| 484 | |
| 485 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 486 Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS |
| 7 | 487 |
| 11 | 488 ** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status. |
| 489 Type G to move to a line in the file. ** | |
| 7 | 490 |
| 1123 | 491 NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!! |
| 7 | 492 |
| 11 | 493 1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . We call this CTRL-G. |
| 494 A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the | |
| 495 position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3. | |
| 7 | 496 |
| 11 | 497 NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen |
| 1123 | 498 This happens when the 'ruler' option is set (see :help 'ruler' ) |
| 7 | 499 |
| 11 | 500 2. Press G to move you to the bottom of the file. |
| 501 Type gg to move you to the start of the file. | |
| 502 | |
| 503 3. Type the number of the line you were on and then G . This will | |
| 504 return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G. | |
| 7 | 505 |
| 506 4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3. | |
| 507 | |
| 508 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 509 Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND | |
| 510 | |
| 511 | |
| 512 ** Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. ** | |
| 513 | |
| 514 1. In Normal mode type the / character. Notice that it and the cursor | |
| 515 appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command. | |
| 516 | |
| 517 2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for. | |
| 518 | |
| 519 3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n . | |
| 11 | 520 To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N . |
| 7 | 521 |
| 11 | 522 4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / . |
| 7 | 523 |
| 11 | 524 5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O (Keep Ctrl down while |
| 525 pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. CTRL-I goes forward. | |
| 7 | 526 |
| 1123 | 527 ---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error. |
| 528 NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the | |
| 11 | 529 start, unless the 'wrapscan' option has been reset. |
| 7 | 530 |
| 531 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 532 Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH | |
| 533 | |
| 534 | |
| 535 ** Type % to find a matching ),], or } . ** | |
| 536 | |
| 537 1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->. | |
| 538 | |
| 539 2. Now type the % character. | |
| 540 | |
| 11 | 541 3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket. |
| 7 | 542 |
| 11 | 543 4. Type % to move the cursor to the other matching bracket. |
| 544 | |
| 545 5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what % does. | |
| 7 | 546 |
| 547 ---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. )) | |
| 548 | |
| 11 | 549 |
| 1123 | 550 NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses! |
| 7 | 551 |
| 552 | |
| 553 | |
| 554 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 555 Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND |
| 7 | 556 |
| 557 | |
| 558 ** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. ** | |
| 559 | |
| 560 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. | |
| 561 | |
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562 2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the |
| 11 | 563 first occurrence of "thee" in the line. |
| 7 | 564 |
| 11 | 565 3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute |
| 566 globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line. | |
| 7 | 567 |
| 568 ---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring. | |
| 569 | |
| 570 4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines, | |
| 11 | 571 type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range |
| 1123 | 572 of lines where the substitution is to be done. |
| 11 | 573 Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file. |
| 574 Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file, | |
| 1123 | 575 with a prompt whether to substitute or not. |
| 7 | 576 |
| 577 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 1123 | 578 Lesson 4 SUMMARY |
| 7 | 579 |
| 580 | |
| 11 | 581 1. CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status. |
| 582 G moves to the end of the file. | |
| 583 number G moves to that line number. | |
| 584 gg moves to the first line. | |
| 7 | 585 |
| 586 2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase. | |
| 587 Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase. | |
| 588 After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction | |
| 11 | 589 or N to search in the opposite direction. |
| 590 CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions. | |
| 7 | 591 |
| 11 | 592 3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match. |
| 7 | 593 |
| 11 | 594 4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type :s/old/new |
| 7 | 595 To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type :s/old/new/g |
| 596 To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g | |
| 597 To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g | |
| 598 To ask for confirmation each time add 'c' :%s/old/new/gc | |
| 599 | |
| 600 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 601 Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND | |
| 602 | |
| 603 | |
| 604 ** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. ** | |
| 605 | |
| 606 1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the | |
| 11 | 607 screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command. |
| 7 | 608 |
| 609 2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to | |
| 610 execute any external shell command. | |
| 611 | |
| 612 3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This | |
| 613 will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the | |
| 11 | 614 shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn't work. |
| 7 | 615 |
| 1123 | 616 NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with |
| 11 | 617 arguments. |
| 7 | 618 |
| 1123 | 619 NOTE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER> |
| 620 From here on we will not always mention it. | |
| 7 | 621 |
| 622 | |
| 623 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 624 Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES | |
| 625 | |
| 626 | |
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627 ** To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME ** |
| 7 | 628 |
| 629 1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory. | |
| 630 You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this. | |
| 631 | |
| 632 2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST. | |
| 633 | |
| 634 3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.) | |
| 635 | |
| 11 | 636 4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST. |
| 637 To verify this, type :!dir or :!ls again to see your directory. | |
| 7 | 638 |
| 1123 | 639 NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file |
| 7 | 640 would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it. |
| 641 | |
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642 5. Now remove the file by typing (Windows): :!del TEST |
| 7 | 643 or (Unix): :!rm TEST |
| 644 | |
| 645 | |
| 646 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 647 Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE |
| 7 | 648 |
| 649 | |
| 11 | 650 ** To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME ** |
| 651 | |
| 652 1. Move the cursor to this line. | |
| 7 | 653 |
| 11 | 654 2. Press v and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the |
| 655 text is highlighted. | |
| 7 | 656 |
| 11 | 657 3. Press the : character. At the bottom of the screen :'<,'> will appear. |
| 7 | 658 |
| 11 | 659 4. Type w TEST , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify |
| 2421 | 660 that you see :'<,'>w TEST before you press <ENTER>. |
| 7 | 661 |
| 3847 | 662 5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use :!dir or :!ls |
| 11 | 663 to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson. |
| 7 | 664 |
| 11 | 665 NOTE: Pressing v starts Visual selection. You can move the cursor around |
| 666 to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator | |
| 667 to do something with the text. For example, d deletes the text. | |
| 7 | 668 |
| 669 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 670 Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES | |
| 671 | |
| 672 | |
| 11 | 673 ** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME ** |
| 7 | 674 |
| 11 | 675 1. Place the cursor just above this line. |
| 7 | 676 |
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677 NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from lesson 5.3. Then move |
| 11 | 678 DOWN to see this lesson again. |
| 7 | 679 |
| 11 | 680 2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is |
| 681 the name of the file you used. | |
| 682 The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line. | |
| 7 | 683 |
| 11 | 684 3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there |
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685 are now two copies of lesson 5.3, the original and the file version. |
| 7 | 686 |
| 11 | 687 NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example, |
| 688 :r !ls reads the output of the ls command and puts it below the | |
| 689 cursor. | |
| 7 | 690 |
| 691 | |
| 692 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 1123 | 693 Lesson 5 SUMMARY |
| 7 | 694 |
| 695 | |
| 696 1. :!command executes an external command. | |
| 697 | |
| 698 Some useful examples are: | |
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699 (Windows) (Unix) |
| 7 | 700 :!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing. |
| 701 :!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME. | |
| 702 | |
| 703 2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME. | |
| 704 | |
| 11 | 705 3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file |
| 706 FILENAME. | |
| 7 | 707 |
| 11 | 708 4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the |
| 709 cursor position. | |
| 7 | 710 |
| 11 | 711 5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the |
| 1123 | 712 cursor position. |
| 7 | 713 |
| 714 | |
| 715 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 716 Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND | |
| 717 | |
| 718 | |
| 719 ** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. ** | |
| 720 | |
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721 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. |
| 7 | 722 |
| 11 | 723 2. Type the lowercase letter o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place |
| 724 you in Insert mode. | |
| 7 | 725 |
| 11 | 726 3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode. |
| 7 | 727 |
| 728 ---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode. | |
| 729 | |
| 730 4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather | |
| 731 than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below. | |
| 732 | |
| 11 | 733 ---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line. |
| 7 | 734 |
| 735 | |
| 736 | |
| 737 | |
| 738 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 739 Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND | |
| 740 | |
| 741 | |
| 742 ** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. ** | |
| 743 | |
| 14347 | 744 1. Move the cursor to the start of the first line below marked --->. |
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745 |
| 11 | 746 2. Press e until the cursor is on the end of li . |
| 7 | 747 |
| 11 | 748 3. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the cursor. |
| 7 | 749 |
| 11 | 750 4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press <ESC> to exit Insert |
| 751 mode. | |
| 7 | 752 |
| 11 | 753 5. Use e to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4. |
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754 |
| 11 | 755 ---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line. |
| 756 ---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line. | |
| 7 | 757 |
| 1123 | 758 NOTE: a, i and A all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where |
| 11 | 759 the characters are inserted. |
| 7 | 760 |
| 761 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 11 | 762 Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE |
| 7 | 763 |
| 764 | |
| 765 ** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. ** | |
| 766 | |
| 11 | 767 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. Move the cursor to |
| 768 the beginning of the first xxx . | |
| 7 | 769 |
| 11 | 770 2. Now press R and type the number below it in the second line, so that it |
| 771 replaces the xxx . | |
| 772 | |
| 773 3. Press <ESC> to leave Replace mode. Notice that the rest of the line | |
| 774 remains unmodified. | |
| 7 | 775 |
| 1123 | 776 4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining xxx. |
| 11 | 777 |
| 778 ---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx. | |
| 779 ---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579. | |
| 7 | 780 |
| 11 | 781 NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an |
| 782 existing character. | |
| 7 | 783 |
| 11 | 784 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 785 Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT | |
| 7 | 786 |
| 787 | |
| 1123 | 788 ** Use the y operator to copy text and p to paste it ** |
| 7 | 789 |
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790 1. Move to the line below marked ---> and place the cursor after "a)". |
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791 |
| 11 | 792 2. Start Visual mode with v and move the cursor to just before "first". |
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793 |
| 11 | 794 3. Type y to yank (copy) the highlighted text. |
| 7 | 795 |
| 11 | 796 4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: j$ |
| 7 | 797 |
| 11 | 798 5. Type p to put (paste) the text. Then type: a second <ESC> . |
| 799 | |
| 800 6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with y , move to the end of | |
| 801 the next line with j$ and put the text there with p . | |
| 802 | |
| 803 ---> a) this is the first item. | |
| 804 b) | |
| 805 | |
| 22171 | 806 NOTE: You can also use y as an operator: yw yanks one word, |
| 22958 | 807 yy yanks the whole line, then p puts that line. |
| 7 | 808 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 11 | 809 Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION |
| 810 | |
| 7 | 811 |
| 812 ** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case ** | |
| 813 | |
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814 1. Search for 'ignore' by entering: /ignore <ENTER> |
| 11 | 815 Repeat several times by pressing n . |
| 7 | 816 |
| 11 | 817 2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering: :set ic |
| 818 | |
| 819 3. Now search for 'ignore' again by pressing n | |
| 820 Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found. | |
| 7 | 821 |
| 11 | 822 4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options: :set hls is |
| 7 | 823 |
| 11 | 824 5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore <ENTER> |
| 7 | 825 |
| 11 | 826 6. To disable ignoring case enter: :set noic |
| 7 | 827 |
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828 NOTE: To remove the highlighting of matches enter: :nohlsearch |
| 1123 | 829 NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use \c |
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830 in the phrase: /ignore\c <ENTER> |
| 7 | 831 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 1123 | 832 Lesson 6 SUMMARY |
| 7 | 833 |
| 11 | 834 1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode. |
| 835 Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor. | |
| 7 | 836 |
| 11 | 837 2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. |
| 838 Type A to insert text after the end of the line. | |
| 7 | 839 |
| 11 | 840 3. The e command moves to the end of a word. |
| 841 | |
| 842 4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it. | |
| 7 | 843 |
| 11 | 844 5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed. |
| 7 | 845 |
| 11 | 846 6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are: |
| 847 'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching | |
| 848 'is' 'incsearch' show partial matches for a search phrase | |
| 849 'hls' 'hlsearch' highlight all matching phrases | |
| 850 You can either use the long or the short option name. | |
| 7 | 851 |
| 11 | 852 7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: :set noic |
| 7 | 853 |
| 854 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 1123 | 855 Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP |
| 7 | 856 |
| 857 | |
| 858 ** Use the on-line help system ** | |
| 859 | |
| 860 Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of | |
| 861 these three: | |
| 862 - press the <HELP> key (if you have one) | |
| 863 - press the <F1> key (if you have one) | |
| 864 - type :help <ENTER> | |
| 865 | |
| 11 | 866 Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works. |
| 1123 | 867 Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump from one window to another. |
| 11 | 868 Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window. |
| 7 | 869 |
| 870 You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the | |
| 871 ":help" command. Try these (don't forget pressing <ENTER>): | |
| 872 | |
| 873 :help w | |
| 11 | 874 :help c_CTRL-D |
| 7 | 875 :help insert-index |
| 876 :help user-manual | |
| 11 | 877 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| 1123 | 878 Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT |
| 7 | 879 |
| 880 | |
| 11 | 881 ** Enable Vim features ** |
| 7 | 882 |
| 11 | 883 Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by |
| 24751 | 884 default. To start using more features you should create a "vimrc" file. |
| 7 | 885 |
| 11 | 886 1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. This depends on your system: |
| 887 :e ~/.vimrc for Unix | |
| 24751 | 888 :e ~/_vimrc for Windows |
| 7 | 889 |
| 11 | 890 2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents: |
| 891 :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim | |
| 7 | 892 |
| 893 3. Write the file with: | |
| 11 | 894 :w |
| 7 | 895 |
| 896 The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting. | |
| 897 You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file. | |
| 11 | 898 For more information type :help vimrc-intro |
| 899 | |
| 900 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 1123 | 901 Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION |
| 11 | 902 |
| 903 | |
| 904 ** Command line completion with CTRL-D and <TAB> ** | |
| 905 | |
| 906 1. Make sure Vim is not in compatible mode: :set nocp | |
| 907 | |
| 908 2. Look what files exist in the directory: :!ls or :!dir | |
| 909 | |
| 910 3. Type the start of a command: :e | |
| 911 | |
| 912 4. Press CTRL-D and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e". | |
| 913 | |
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914 5. Type d<TAB> and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit". |
| 11 | 915 |
| 916 6. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: :edit FIL | |
| 917 | |
| 918 7. Press <TAB>. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique). | |
| 919 | |
| 920 NOTE: Completion works for many commands. Just try pressing CTRL-D and | |
| 921 <TAB>. It is especially useful for :help . | |
| 922 | |
| 923 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 1123 | 924 Lesson 7 SUMMARY |
| 11 | 925 |
| 926 | |
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927 1. Type :help or press <F1> or <HELP> to open a help window. |
| 11 | 928 |
| 929 2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd . | |
| 930 | |
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931 3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window. |
| 11 | 932 |
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933 4. Type :q to close the help window. |
| 11 | 934 |
| 935 5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings. | |
| 936 | |
| 937 6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions. | |
| 938 Press <TAB> to use one completion. | |
| 939 | |
| 940 | |
| 941 | |
| 942 | |
| 943 | |
| 944 | |
| 7 | 945 |
| 946 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
| 947 | |
| 948 This concludes the Vim Tutor. It was intended to give a brief overview of | |
| 949 the Vim editor, just enough to allow you to use the editor fairly easily. | |
| 950 It is far from complete as Vim has many many more commands. Read the user | |
| 951 manual next: ":help user-manual". | |
| 952 | |
| 953 For further reading and studying, this book is recommended: | |
| 954 Vim - Vi Improved - by Steve Oualline | |
| 955 Publisher: New Riders | |
| 956 The first book completely dedicated to Vim. Especially useful for beginners. | |
| 957 There are many examples and pictures. | |
| 27623 | 958 See https://iccf-holland.org/click5.html |
| 7 | 959 |
| 960 This book is older and more about Vi than Vim, but also recommended: | |
| 961 Learning the Vi Editor - by Linda Lamb | |
| 962 Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates Inc. | |
| 963 It is a good book to get to know almost anything you want to do with Vi. | |
| 964 The sixth edition also includes information on Vim. | |
| 965 | |
| 966 This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware, | |
| 967 Colorado School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith, | |
| 968 Colorado State University. E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu. | |
| 969 | |
| 970 Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar. | |
| 971 | |
| 972 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |