Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/repeat.txt @ 22902:1bde09eef44a v8.2.1998
patch 8.2.1998: terminal Cmd test sometimes fails to close popup
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/27f4f6baeeb25e1597a7827f4a509ecf2eb8e6e2
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Mon Nov 16 21:02:28 2020 +0100
patch 8.2.1998: terminal Cmd test sometimes fails to close popup
Problem: Terminal Cmd test sometimes fails to close popup.
Solution: Add "term_finish" option.
author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
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date | Mon, 16 Nov 2020 21:15:03 +0100 |
parents | 17c4178f26ea |
children | 15fa3923cc49 |
rev | line source |
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22565 | 1 *repeat.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2020 Oct 09 |
7 | 2 |
3 | |
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 Repeating commands, Vim scripts and debugging *repeating* | |
8 | |
9 Chapter 26 of the user manual introduces repeating |usr_26.txt|. | |
10 | |
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11 1. Single repeats |single-repeat| |
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12 2. Multiple repeats |multi-repeat| |
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13 3. Complex repeats |complex-repeat| |
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14 4. Using Vim scripts |using-scripts| |
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15 5. Using Vim packages |packages| |
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16 6. Creating Vim packages |package-create| |
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17 7. Debugging scripts |debug-scripts| |
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18 8. Profiling |profiling| |
7 | 19 |
20 ============================================================================== | |
21 1. Single repeats *single-repeat* | |
22 | |
23 *.* | |
24 . Repeat last change, with count replaced with [count]. | |
25 Also repeat a yank command, when the 'y' flag is | |
22 | 26 included in 'cpoptions'. Does not repeat a |
27 command-line command. | |
7 | 28 |
29 Simple changes can be repeated with the "." command. Without a count, the | |
30 count of the last change is used. If you enter a count, it will replace the | |
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31 last one. |v:count| and |v:count1| will be set. |
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32 |
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33 If the last change included a specification of a numbered register, the |
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34 register number will be incremented. See |redo-register| for an example how |
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35 to use this. |
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36 |
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37 Note that when repeating a command that used a Visual selection, the same SIZE |
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38 of area is used, see |visual-repeat|. |
7 | 39 |
40 *@:* | |
41 @: Repeat last command-line [count] times. | |
42 {not available when compiled without the | |
43 |+cmdline_hist| feature} | |
44 | |
45 | |
46 ============================================================================== | |
47 2. Multiple repeats *multi-repeat* | |
48 | |
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49 *:g* *:global* *E148* |
7 | 50 :[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd] |
51 Execute the Ex command [cmd] (default ":p") on the | |
52 lines within [range] where {pattern} matches. | |
53 | |
54 :[range]g[lobal]!/{pattern}/[cmd] | |
55 Execute the Ex command [cmd] (default ":p") on the | |
56 lines within [range] where {pattern} does NOT match. | |
57 | |
58 *:v* *:vglobal* | |
59 :[range]v[global]/{pattern}/[cmd] | |
60 Same as :g!. | |
61 | |
1125 | 62 Instead of the '/' which surrounds the {pattern}, you can use any other |
5239 | 63 single byte character, but not an alphabetic character, '\', '"' or '|'. |
1125 | 64 This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search pattern or |
65 replacement string. | |
66 | |
67 For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|. | |
68 | |
6336 | 69 NOTE [cmd] may contain a range; see |collapse| and |edit-paragraph-join| for |
70 examples. | |
71 | |
7 | 72 The global commands work by first scanning through the [range] lines and |
73 marking each line where a match occurs (for a multi-line pattern, only the | |
74 start of the match matters). | |
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75 In a second scan the [cmd] is executed for each marked line, as if the cursor |
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76 was in that line. For ":v" and ":g!" the command is executed for each not |
7 | 77 marked line. If a line is deleted its mark disappears. |
78 The default for [range] is the whole buffer (1,$). Use "CTRL-C" to interrupt | |
79 the command. If an error message is given for a line, the command for that | |
80 line is aborted and the global command continues with the next marked or | |
81 unmarked line. | |
18831 | 82 *E147* |
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83 When the command is used recursively, it only works on one line. Giving a |
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84 range is then not allowed. This is useful to find all lines that match a |
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85 pattern and do not match another pattern: > |
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86 :g/found/v/notfound/{cmd} |
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87 This first finds all lines containing "found", but only executes {cmd} when |
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88 there is no match for "notfound". |
7 | 89 |
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90 To execute a non-Ex command, you can use the `:normal` command: > |
7 | 91 :g/pat/normal {commands} |
92 Make sure that {commands} ends with a whole command, otherwise Vim will wait | |
93 for you to type the rest of the command for each match. The screen will not | |
94 have been updated, so you don't know what you are doing. See |:normal|. | |
95 | |
96 The undo/redo command will undo/redo the whole global command at once. | |
97 The previous context mark will only be set once (with "''" you go back to | |
98 where the cursor was before the global command). | |
99 | |
100 The global command sets both the last used search pattern and the last used | |
101 substitute pattern (this is vi compatible). This makes it easy to globally | |
102 replace a string: | |
103 :g/pat/s//PAT/g | |
104 This replaces all occurrences of "pat" with "PAT". The same can be done with: | |
105 :%s/pat/PAT/g | |
106 Which is two characters shorter! | |
107 | |
1623 | 108 When using "global" in Ex mode, a special case is using ":visual" as a |
109 command. This will move to a matching line, go to Normal mode to let you | |
110 execute commands there until you use |Q| to return to Ex mode. This will be | |
111 repeated for each matching line. While doing this you cannot use ":global". | |
112 To abort this type CTRL-C twice. | |
168 | 113 |
7 | 114 ============================================================================== |
115 3. Complex repeats *complex-repeat* | |
116 | |
117 *q* *recording* | |
118 q{0-9a-zA-Z"} Record typed characters into register {0-9a-zA-Z"} | |
119 (uppercase to append). The 'q' command is disabled | |
120 while executing a register, and it doesn't work inside | |
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121 a mapping and |:normal|. |
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122 |
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123 Note: If the register being used for recording is also |
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124 used for |y| and |p| the result is most likely not |
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125 what is expected, because the put will paste the |
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126 recorded macro and the yank will overwrite the |
16610 | 127 recorded macro. |
7 | 128 |
20552 | 129 Note: The recording happens while you type, replaying |
130 the register happens as if the keys come from a | |
131 mapping. This matters, for example, for undo, which | |
132 only syncs when commands were typed. | |
133 | |
7 | 134 q Stops recording. (Implementation note: The 'q' that |
135 stops recording is not stored in the register, unless | |
16610 | 136 it was the result of a mapping) |
7 | 137 |
138 *@* | |
3445 | 139 @{0-9a-z".=*+} Execute the contents of register {0-9a-z".=*+} [count] |
7 | 140 times. Note that register '%' (name of the current |
141 file) and '#' (name of the alternate file) cannot be | |
2681 | 142 used. |
143 The register is executed like a mapping, that means | |
144 that the difference between 'wildchar' and 'wildcharm' | |
20552 | 145 applies, and undo might not be synced in the same way. |
2681 | 146 For "@=" you are prompted to enter an expression. The |
147 result of the expression is then executed. | |
16610 | 148 See also |@:|. |
7 | 149 |
168 | 150 *@@* *E748* |
7 | 151 @@ Repeat the previous @{0-9a-z":*} [count] times. |
152 | |
3445 | 153 :[addr]*{0-9a-z".=+} *:@* *:star* |
154 :[addr]@{0-9a-z".=*+} Execute the contents of register {0-9a-z".=*+} as an Ex | |
7 | 155 command. First set cursor at line [addr] (default is |
156 current line). When the last line in the register does | |
157 not have a <CR> it will be added automatically when | |
158 the 'e' flag is present in 'cpoptions'. | |
159 Note that the ":*" command is only recognized when the | |
160 '*' flag is present in 'cpoptions'. This is NOT the | |
161 default when 'nocompatible' is used. | |
162 For ":@=" the last used expression is used. The | |
163 result of evaluating the expression is executed as an | |
164 Ex command. | |
165 Mappings are not recognized in these commands. | |
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166 When the |line-continuation| character (\) is present |
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167 at the beginning of a line in a linewise register, |
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168 then it is combined with the previous line. This is |
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169 useful for yanking and executing parts of a Vim |
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170 script. |
16610 | 171 Future: Will execute the register for each line in the |
172 address range. | |
7 | 173 |
174 *:@:* | |
175 :[addr]@: Repeat last command-line. First set cursor at line | |
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176 [addr] (default is current line). |
7 | 177 |
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178 :[addr]@ *:@@* |
20241 | 179 :[addr]@@ Repeat the previous :@{register}. First set cursor at |
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180 line [addr] (default is current line). |
7 | 181 |
182 ============================================================================== | |
183 4. Using Vim scripts *using-scripts* | |
184 | |
185 For writing a Vim script, see chapter 41 of the user manual |usr_41.txt|. | |
186 | |
187 *:so* *:source* *load-vim-script* | |
188 :so[urce] {file} Read Ex commands from {file}. These are commands that | |
189 start with a ":". | |
716 | 190 Triggers the |SourcePre| autocommand. |
16808 | 191 *:source!* |
7 | 192 :so[urce]! {file} Read Vim commands from {file}. These are commands |
193 that are executed from Normal mode, like you type | |
194 them. | |
195 When used after |:global|, |:argdo|, |:windo|, | |
196 |:bufdo|, in a loop or when another command follows | |
197 the display won't be updated while executing the | |
198 commands. | |
16808 | 199 Cannot be used in the |sandbox|. |
7 | 200 |
201 *:ru* *:runtime* | |
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202 :ru[ntime][!] [where] {file} .. |
7 | 203 Read Ex commands from {file} in each directory given |
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204 by 'runtimepath' and/or 'packpath'. There is no error |
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205 for non-existing files. |
18831 | 206 |
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207 Example: > |
7 | 208 :runtime syntax/c.vim |
209 | |
210 < There can be multiple {file} arguments, separated by | |
211 spaces. Each {file} is searched for in the first | |
212 directory from 'runtimepath', then in the second | |
213 directory, etc. Use a backslash to include a space | |
214 inside {file} (although it's better not to use spaces | |
215 in file names, it causes trouble). | |
216 | |
217 When [!] is included, all found files are sourced. | |
218 When it is not included only the first found file is | |
219 sourced. | |
220 | |
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221 When [where] is omitted only 'runtimepath' is used. |
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222 Other values: |
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223 START search under "start" in 'packpath' |
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224 OPT search under "opt" in 'packpath' |
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225 PACK search under "start" and "opt" in |
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226 'packpath' |
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227 ALL first use 'runtimepath', then search |
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228 under "start" and "opt" in 'packpath' |
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229 |
7 | 230 When {file} contains wildcards it is expanded to all |
231 matching files. Example: > | |
18130 | 232 :runtime! plugin/**/*.vim |
7 | 233 < This is what Vim uses to load the plugin files when |
237 | 234 starting up. This similar command: > |
18130 | 235 :runtime plugin/**/*.vim |
7 | 236 < would source the first file only. |
237 | |
238 When 'verbose' is one or higher, there is a message | |
239 when no file could be found. | |
240 When 'verbose' is two or higher, there is a message | |
241 about each searched file. | |
242 | |
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243 *:pa* *:packadd* *E919* |
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244 :pa[ckadd][!] {name} Search for an optional plugin directory in 'packpath' |
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245 and source any plugin files found. The directory must |
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246 match: |
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247 pack/*/opt/{name} ~ |
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248 The directory is added to 'runtimepath' if it wasn't |
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249 there yet. |
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250 If the directory pack/*/opt/{name}/after exists it is |
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251 added at the end of 'runtimepath'. |
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252 |
13051 | 253 If loading packages from "pack/*/start" was skipped, |
254 then this directory is searched first: | |
255 pack/*/start/{name} ~ | |
256 | |
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257 Note that {name} is the directory name, not the name |
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258 of the .vim file. All the files matching the pattern |
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259 pack/*/opt/{name}/plugin/**/*.vim ~ |
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260 will be sourced. This allows for using subdirectories |
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261 below "plugin", just like with plugins in |
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262 'runtimepath'. |
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263 |
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264 If the filetype detection was not enabled yet (this |
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265 is usually done with a "syntax enable" or "filetype |
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266 on" command in your .vimrc file), this will also look |
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267 for "{name}/ftdetect/*.vim" files. |
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268 |
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269 When the optional ! is added no plugin files or |
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270 ftdetect scripts are loaded, only the matching |
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271 directories are added to 'runtimepath'. This is |
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272 useful in your .vimrc. The plugins will then be |
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273 loaded during initialization, see |load-plugins|. |
22565 | 274 Note that for ftdetect scripts to be loaded |
275 you will need to write `filetype plugin indent on` | |
276 AFTER all `packadd!` commands. | |
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277 |
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278 Also see |pack-add|. |
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279 {only available when compiled with |+eval|} |
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280 |
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281 *:packl* *:packloadall* |
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282 :packl[oadall][!] Load all packages in the "start" directory under each |
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283 entry in 'packpath'. |
18831 | 284 |
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285 First all the directories found are added to |
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286 'runtimepath', then the plugins found in the |
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287 directories are sourced. This allows for a plugin to |
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288 depend on something of another plugin, e.g. an |
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289 "autoload" directory. See |packload-two-steps| for |
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290 how this can be useful. |
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291 |
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292 This is normally done automatically during startup, |
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293 after loading your .vimrc file. With this command it |
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294 can be done earlier. |
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295 |
17161 | 296 Packages will be loaded only once. Using |
297 `:packloadall` a second time will have no effect. | |
298 When the optional ! is added this command will load | |
299 packages even when done before. | |
300 | |
301 Note that when using `:packloadall` in the |vimrc| | |
302 file, the 'runtimepath' option is updated, and later | |
303 all plugins in 'runtimepath' will be loaded, which | |
304 means they are loaded again. Plugins are expected to | |
305 handle that. | |
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306 |
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307 An error only causes sourcing the script where it |
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308 happens to be aborted, further plugins will be loaded. |
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309 See |packages|. |
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310 {only available when compiled with |+eval|} |
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311 |
7 | 312 :scripte[ncoding] [encoding] *:scripte* *:scriptencoding* *E167* |
313 Specify the character encoding used in the script. | |
314 The following lines will be converted from [encoding] | |
315 to the value of the 'encoding' option, if they are | |
316 different. Examples: > | |
317 scriptencoding iso-8859-5 | |
318 scriptencoding cp932 | |
319 < | |
320 When [encoding] is empty, no conversion is done. This | |
321 can be used to restrict conversion to a sequence of | |
322 lines: > | |
323 scriptencoding euc-jp | |
324 ... lines to be converted ... | |
325 scriptencoding | |
326 ... not converted ... | |
327 | |
328 < When conversion isn't supported by the system, there | |
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329 is no error message and no conversion is done. When a |
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330 line can't be converted there is no error and the |
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331 original line is kept. |
7 | 332 |
333 Don't use "ucs-2" or "ucs-4", scripts cannot be in | |
334 these encodings (they would contain NUL bytes). | |
335 When a sourced script starts with a BOM (Byte Order | |
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336 Mark) in utf-8 format Vim will recognize it, no need |
7 | 337 to use ":scriptencoding utf-8" then. |
338 | |
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339 If you set the 'encoding' option in your |.vimrc|, |
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340 `:scriptencoding` must be placed after that. E.g.: > |
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341 set encoding=utf-8 |
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342 scriptencoding utf-8 |
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343 < |
7 | 344 |
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345 :scriptv[ersion] {version} *:scriptv* *:scriptversion* |
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346 *E999* *E984* |
16267 | 347 Specify the version of Vim for the lines that follow |
348 in the same file. Only applies at the toplevel of | |
349 sourced scripts, not inside functions. | |
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350 |
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351 If {version} is higher than what the current Vim |
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352 version supports E999 will be given. You either need |
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353 to rewrite the script to make it work with an older |
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354 Vim version, or update Vim to a newer version. See |
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355 |vimscript-version| for what changed between versions. |
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356 |
6476 | 357 *:scr* *:scriptnames* |
358 :scr[iptnames] List all sourced script names, in the order they were | |
7 | 359 first sourced. The number is used for the script ID |
360 |<SID>|. | |
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361 {not available when compiled without the |+eval| |
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362 feature} |
7 | 363 |
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364 :scr[iptnames][!] {scriptId} *:script* |
15194 | 365 Edit script {scriptId}. Although ":scriptnames name" |
366 works, using ":script name" is recommended. | |
367 When the current buffer can't be |abandon|ed and the ! | |
368 is not present, the command fails. | |
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369 |
7 | 370 *:fini* *:finish* *E168* |
371 :fini[sh] Stop sourcing a script. Can only be used in a Vim | |
372 script file. This is a quick way to skip the rest of | |
373 the file. If it is used after a |:try| but before the | |
374 matching |:finally| (if present), the commands | |
375 following the ":finally" up to the matching |:endtry| | |
376 are executed first. This process applies to all | |
377 nested ":try"s in the script. The outermost ":endtry" | |
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378 then stops sourcing the script. |
7 | 379 |
380 All commands and command sequences can be repeated by putting them in a named | |
381 register and then executing it. There are two ways to get the commands in the | |
382 register: | |
383 - Use the record command "q". You type the commands once, and while they are | |
384 being executed they are stored in a register. Easy, because you can see | |
385 what you are doing. If you make a mistake, "p"ut the register into the | |
386 file, edit the command sequence, and then delete it into the register | |
387 again. You can continue recording by appending to the register (use an | |
388 uppercase letter). | |
389 - Delete or yank the command sequence into the register. | |
390 | |
391 Often used command sequences can be put under a function key with the ':map' | |
392 command. | |
393 | |
394 An alternative is to put the commands in a file, and execute them with the | |
395 ':source!' command. Useful for long command sequences. Can be combined with | |
396 the ':map' command to put complicated commands under a function key. | |
397 | |
398 The ':source' command reads Ex commands from a file line by line. You will | |
399 have to type any needed keyboard input. The ':source!' command reads from a | |
400 script file character by character, interpreting each character as if you | |
401 typed it. | |
402 | |
403 Example: When you give the ":!ls" command you get the |hit-enter| prompt. If | |
404 you ':source' a file with the line "!ls" in it, you will have to type the | |
405 <Enter> yourself. But if you ':source!' a file with the line ":!ls" in it, | |
406 the next characters from that file are read until a <CR> is found. You will | |
407 not have to type <CR> yourself, unless ":!ls" was the last line in the file. | |
408 | |
409 It is possible to put ':source[!]' commands in the script file, so you can | |
410 make a top-down hierarchy of script files. The ':source' command can be | |
411 nested as deep as the number of files that can be opened at one time (about | |
412 15). The ':source!' command can be nested up to 15 levels deep. | |
413 | |
414 You can use the "<sfile>" string (literally, this is not a special key) inside | |
415 of the sourced file, in places where a file name is expected. It will be | |
416 replaced by the file name of the sourced file. For example, if you have a | |
417 "other.vimrc" file in the same directory as your ".vimrc" file, you can source | |
418 it from your ".vimrc" file with this command: > | |
419 :source <sfile>:h/other.vimrc | |
420 | |
421 In script files terminal-dependent key codes are represented by | |
422 terminal-independent two character codes. This means that they can be used | |
423 in the same way on different kinds of terminals. The first character of a | |
424 key code is 0x80 or 128, shown on the screen as "~@". The second one can be | |
425 found in the list |key-notation|. Any of these codes can also be entered | |
426 with CTRL-V followed by the three digit decimal code. This does NOT work for | |
427 the <t_xx> termcap codes, these can only be used in mappings. | |
428 | |
429 *:source_crnl* *W15* | |
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430 Win32: Files that are read with ":source" normally have <CR><NL> <EOL>s. |
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431 These always work. If you are using a file with <NL> <EOL>s (for example, a |
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432 file made on Unix), this will be recognized if 'fileformats' is not empty and |
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433 the first line does not end in a <CR>. This fails if the first line has |
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434 something like ":map <F1> :help^M", where "^M" is a <CR>. If the first line |
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435 ends in a <CR>, but following ones don't, you will get an error message, |
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436 because the <CR> from the first lines will be lost. |
7 | 437 |
333 | 438 Mac Classic: Files that are read with ":source" normally have <CR> <EOL>s. |
7 | 439 These always work. If you are using a file with <NL> <EOL>s (for example, a |
440 file made on Unix), this will be recognized if 'fileformats' is not empty and | |
441 the first line does not end in a <CR>. Be careful not to use a file with <NL> | |
442 linebreaks which has a <CR> in first line. | |
443 | |
444 On other systems, Vim expects ":source"ed files to end in a <NL>. These | |
445 always work. If you are using a file with <CR><NL> <EOL>s (for example, a | |
18972 | 446 file made on MS-Windows), all lines will have a trailing <CR>. This may cause |
7 | 447 problems for some commands (e.g., mappings). There is no automatic <EOL> |
448 detection, because it's common to start with a line that defines a mapping | |
449 that ends in a <CR>, which will confuse the automaton. | |
450 | |
451 *line-continuation* | |
452 Long lines in a ":source"d Ex command script file can be split by inserting | |
453 a line continuation symbol "\" (backslash) at the start of the next line. | |
454 There can be white space before the backslash, which is ignored. | |
455 | |
456 Example: the lines > | |
457 :set comments=sr:/*,mb:*,el:*/, | |
458 \://, | |
459 \b:#, | |
460 \:%, | |
461 \n:>, | |
462 \fb:- | |
463 are interpreted as if they were given in one line: | |
464 :set comments=sr:/*,mb:*,el:*/,://,b:#,:%,n:>,fb:- | |
465 | |
466 All leading whitespace characters in the line before a backslash are ignored. | |
467 Note however that trailing whitespace in the line before it cannot be | |
468 inserted freely; it depends on the position where a command is split up | |
469 whether additional whitespace is allowed or not. | |
470 | |
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471 When a space is required it's best to put it right after the backslash. A |
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472 space at the end of a line is hard to see and may be accidentally deleted. > |
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473 :syn match Comment |
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474 \ "very long regexp" |
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475 \ keepend |
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476 |
7 | 477 There is a problem with the ":append" and ":insert" commands: > |
478 :1append | |
479 \asdf | |
480 . | |
481 The backslash is seen as a line-continuation symbol, thus this results in the | |
482 command: > | |
483 :1appendasdf | |
484 . | |
485 To avoid this, add the 'C' flag to the 'cpoptions' option: > | |
486 :set cpo+=C | |
487 :1append | |
488 \asdf | |
489 . | |
490 :set cpo-=C | |
491 | |
492 Note that when the commands are inside a function, you need to add the 'C' | |
493 flag when defining the function, it is not relevant when executing it. > | |
494 :set cpo+=C | |
495 :function Foo() | |
496 :1append | |
497 \asdf | |
498 . | |
499 :endfunction | |
500 :set cpo-=C | |
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501 < |
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502 *line-continuation-comment* |
14864 | 503 To add a comment in between the lines start with '"\ '. Notice the space |
504 after the backslash. Example: > | |
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505 let array = [ |
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506 "\ first entry comment |
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507 \ 'first', |
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508 "\ second entry comment |
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509 \ 'second', |
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510 \ ] |
7 | 511 |
512 Rationale: | |
513 Most programs work with a trailing backslash to indicate line | |
514 continuation. Using this in Vim would cause incompatibility with Vi. | |
515 For example for this Vi mapping: > | |
516 :map xx asdf\ | |
517 < Therefore the unusual leading backslash is used. | |
518 | |
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519 Starting a comment in a continuation line results in all following |
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520 continuation lines to be part of the comment. Since it was like this |
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521 for a long time, when making it possible to add a comment halfway a |
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522 sequence of continuation lines, it was not possible to use \", since |
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523 that was a valid continuation line. Using '"\ ' comes closest, even |
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524 though it may look a bit weird. Requiring the space after the |
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525 backslash is to make it very unlikely this is a normal comment line. |
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526 |
7 | 527 ============================================================================== |
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528 5. Using Vim packages *packages* |
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529 |
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530 A Vim package is a directory that contains one or more plugins. The |
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531 advantages over normal plugins: |
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532 - A package can be downloaded as an archive and unpacked in its own directory. |
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533 Thus the files are not mixed with files of other plugins. That makes it |
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534 easy to update and remove. |
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535 - A package can be a git, mercurial, etc. repository. That makes it really |
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536 easy to update. |
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537 - A package can contain multiple plugins that depend on each other. |
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538 - A package can contain plugins that are automatically loaded on startup and |
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539 ones that are only loaded when needed with `:packadd`. |
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540 |
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541 |
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542 Using a package and loading automatically ~ |
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543 |
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544 Let's assume your Vim files are in the "~/.vim" directory and you want to add a |
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545 package from a zip archive "/tmp/foopack.zip": |
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546 % mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/foo |
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547 % cd ~/.vim/pack/foo |
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548 % unzip /tmp/foopack.zip |
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549 |
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550 The directory name "foo" is arbitrary, you can pick anything you like. |
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551 |
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552 You would now have these files under ~/.vim: |
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553 pack/foo/README.txt |
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554 pack/foo/start/foobar/plugin/foo.vim |
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555 pack/foo/start/foobar/syntax/some.vim |
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556 pack/foo/opt/foodebug/plugin/debugger.vim |
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557 |
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558 When Vim starts up, after processing your .vimrc, it scans all directories in |
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559 'packpath' for plugins under the "pack/*/start" directory. First all those |
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560 directories are added to 'runtimepath'. Then all the plugins are loaded. |
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561 See |packload-two-steps| for how these two steps can be useful. |
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562 |
18831 | 563 In the example Vim will find "pack/foo/start/foobar/plugin/foo.vim" and adds |
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564 "~/.vim/pack/foo/start/foobar" to 'runtimepath'. |
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565 |
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566 If the "foobar" plugin kicks in and sets the 'filetype' to "some", Vim will |
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567 find the syntax/some.vim file, because its directory is in 'runtimepath'. |
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568 |
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569 Vim will also load ftdetect files, if there are any. |
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570 |
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571 Note that the files under "pack/foo/opt" are not loaded automatically, only the |
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572 ones under "pack/foo/start". See |pack-add| below for how the "opt" directory |
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573 is used. |
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574 |
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575 Loading packages automatically will not happen if loading plugins is disabled, |
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576 see |load-plugins|. |
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577 |
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578 To load packages earlier, so that 'runtimepath' gets updated: > |
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579 :packloadall |
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580 This also works when loading plugins is disabled. The automatic loading will |
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581 only happen once. |
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582 |
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583 If the package has an "after" directory, that directory is added to the end of |
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584 'runtimepath', so that anything there will be loaded later. |
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585 |
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586 |
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587 Using a single plugin and loading it automatically ~ |
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588 |
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589 If you don't have a package but a single plugin, you need to create the extra |
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590 directory level: |
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591 % mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/foo/start/foobar |
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592 % cd ~/.vim/pack/foo/start/foobar |
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593 % unzip /tmp/someplugin.zip |
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594 |
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595 You would now have these files: |
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596 pack/foo/start/foobar/plugin/foo.vim |
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597 pack/foo/start/foobar/syntax/some.vim |
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598 |
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599 From here it works like above. |
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600 |
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601 |
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602 Optional plugins ~ |
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603 *pack-add* |
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604 To load an optional plugin from a pack use the `:packadd` command: > |
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605 :packadd foodebug |
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606 This searches for "pack/*/opt/foodebug" in 'packpath' and will find |
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607 ~/.vim/pack/foo/opt/foodebug/plugin/debugger.vim and source it. |
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608 |
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609 This could be done if some conditions are met. For example, depending on |
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610 whether Vim supports a feature or a dependency is missing. |
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611 |
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612 You can also load an optional plugin at startup, by putting this command in |
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613 your |.vimrc|: > |
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614 :packadd! foodebug |
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615 The extra "!" is so that the plugin isn't loaded if Vim was started with |
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616 |--noplugin|. |
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617 |
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618 It is perfectly normal for a package to only have files in the "opt" |
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619 directory. You then need to load each plugin when you want to use it. |
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620 |
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621 |
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622 Where to put what ~ |
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623 |
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624 Since color schemes, loaded with `:colorscheme`, are found below |
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625 "pack/*/start" and "pack/*/opt", you could put them anywhere. We recommend |
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626 you put them below "pack/*/opt", for example |
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627 ".vim/pack/mycolors/opt/dark/colors/very_dark.vim". |
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628 |
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629 Filetype plugins should go under "pack/*/start", so that they are always |
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630 found. Unless you have more than one plugin for a file type and want to |
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631 select which one to load with `:packadd`. E.g. depending on the compiler |
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632 version: > |
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633 if foo_compiler_version > 34 |
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634 packadd foo_new |
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635 else |
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636 packadd foo_old |
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637 endif |
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638 |
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639 The "after" directory is most likely not useful in a package. It's not |
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640 disallowed though. |
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641 |
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642 ============================================================================== |
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643 6. Creating Vim packages *package-create* |
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644 |
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645 This assumes you write one or more plugins that you distribute as a package. |
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646 |
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647 If you have two unrelated plugins you would use two packages, so that Vim |
21499 | 648 users can choose what they include or not. Or you can decide to use one |
21825 | 649 package with optional plugins, and tell the user to add the preferred ones with |
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650 `:packadd`. |
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651 |
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652 Decide how you want to distribute the package. You can create an archive or |
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653 you could use a repository. An archive can be used by more users, but is a |
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654 bit harder to update to a new version. A repository can usually be kept |
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655 up-to-date easily, but it requires a program like "git" to be available. |
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656 You can do both, github can automatically create an archive for a release. |
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657 |
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658 Your directory layout would be like this: |
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659 start/foobar/plugin/foo.vim " always loaded, defines commands |
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660 start/foobar/plugin/bar.vim " always loaded, defines commands |
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661 start/foobar/autoload/foo.vim " loaded when foo command used |
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662 start/foobar/doc/foo.txt " help for foo.vim |
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663 start/foobar/doc/tags " help tags |
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664 opt/fooextra/plugin/extra.vim " optional plugin, defines commands |
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665 opt/fooextra/autoload/extra.vim " loaded when extra command used |
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666 opt/fooextra/doc/extra.txt " help for extra.vim |
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667 opt/fooextra/doc/tags " help tags |
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668 |
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669 This allows for the user to do: > |
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670 mkdir ~/.vim/pack/myfoobar |
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671 cd ~/.vim/pack/myfoobar |
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672 git clone https://github.com/you/foobar.git |
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673 |
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674 Here "myfoobar" is a name that the user can choose, the only condition is that |
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675 it differs from other packages. |
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676 |
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677 In your documentation you explain what the plugins do, and tell the user how |
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678 to load the optional plugin: > |
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679 :packadd! fooextra |
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680 |
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681 You could add this packadd command in one of your plugins, to be executed when |
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682 the optional plugin is needed. |
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683 |
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684 Run the `:helptags` command to generate the doc/tags file. Including this |
21825 | 685 generated file in the package means that the user can drop the package in the |
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686 pack directory and the help command works right away. Don't forget to re-run |
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687 the command after changing the plugin help: > |
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688 :helptags path/start/foobar/doc |
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689 :helptags path/opt/fooextra/doc |
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690 |
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691 |
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692 Dependencies between plugins ~ |
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693 *packload-two-steps* |
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694 Suppose you have two plugins that depend on the same functionality. You can |
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695 put the common functionality in an autoload directory, so that it will be |
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696 found automatically. Your package would have these files: |
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697 |
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698 pack/foo/start/one/plugin/one.vim > |
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699 call foolib#getit() |
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700 < pack/foo/start/two/plugin/two.vim > |
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701 call foolib#getit() |
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702 < pack/foo/start/lib/autoload/foolib.vim > |
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703 func foolib#getit() |
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704 |
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705 This works, because loading packages will first add all found directories to |
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706 'runtimepath' before sourcing the plugins. |
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707 |
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708 ============================================================================== |
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709 7. Debugging scripts *debug-scripts* |
7 | 710 |
711 Besides the obvious messages that you can add to your scripts to find out what | |
712 they are doing, Vim offers a debug mode. This allows you to step through a | |
713 sourced file or user function and set breakpoints. | |
714 | |
715 NOTE: The debugging mode is far from perfect. Debugging will have side | |
716 effects on how Vim works. You cannot use it to debug everything. For | |
717 example, the display is messed up by the debugging messages. | |
718 | |
719 An alternative to debug mode is setting the 'verbose' option. With a bigger | |
720 number it will give more verbose messages about what Vim is doing. | |
721 | |
722 | |
723 STARTING DEBUG MODE *debug-mode* | |
724 | |
725 To enter debugging mode use one of these methods: | |
726 1. Start Vim with the |-D| argument: > | |
727 vim -D file.txt | |
728 < Debugging will start as soon as the first vimrc file is sourced. This is | |
729 useful to find out what is happening when Vim is starting up. A side | |
730 effect is that Vim will switch the terminal mode before initialisations | |
731 have finished, with unpredictable results. | |
732 For a GUI-only version (Windows, Macintosh) the debugging will start as | |
733 soon as the GUI window has been opened. To make this happen early, add a | |
734 ":gui" command in the vimrc file. | |
735 *:debug* | |
736 2. Run a command with ":debug" prepended. Debugging will only be done while | |
737 this command executes. Useful for debugging a specific script or user | |
738 function. And for scripts and functions used by autocommands. Example: > | |
739 :debug edit test.txt.gz | |
740 | |
741 3. Set a breakpoint in a sourced file or user function. You could do this in | |
742 the command line: > | |
743 vim -c "breakadd file */explorer.vim" . | |
744 < This will run Vim and stop in the first line of the "explorer.vim" script. | |
745 Breakpoints can also be set while in debugging mode. | |
746 | |
747 In debugging mode every executed command is displayed before it is executed. | |
748 Comment lines, empty lines and lines that are not executed are skipped. When | |
749 a line contains two commands, separated by "|", each command will be displayed | |
750 separately. | |
751 | |
752 | |
753 DEBUG MODE | |
754 | |
755 Once in debugging mode, the usual Ex commands can be used. For example, to | |
756 inspect the value of a variable: > | |
757 echo idx | |
758 When inside a user function, this will print the value of the local variable | |
759 "idx". Prepend "g:" to get the value of a global variable: > | |
760 echo g:idx | |
761 All commands are executed in the context of the current function or script. | |
762 You can also set options, for example setting or resetting 'verbose' will show | |
763 what happens, but you might want to set it just before executing the lines you | |
764 are interested in: > | |
765 :set verbose=20 | |
766 | |
767 Commands that require updating the screen should be avoided, because their | |
768 effect won't be noticed until after leaving debug mode. For example: > | |
769 :help | |
770 won't be very helpful. | |
771 | |
772 There is a separate command-line history for debug mode. | |
773 | |
774 The line number for a function line is relative to the start of the function. | |
775 If you have trouble figuring out where you are, edit the file that defines | |
776 the function in another Vim, search for the start of the function and do | |
777 "99j". Replace "99" with the line number. | |
778 | |
779 Additionally, these commands can be used: | |
780 *>cont* | |
781 cont Continue execution until the next breakpoint is hit. | |
782 *>quit* | |
783 quit Abort execution. This is like using CTRL-C, some | |
784 things might still be executed, doesn't abort | |
785 everything. Still stops at the next breakpoint. | |
786 *>next* | |
787 next Execute the command and come back to debug mode when | |
788 it's finished. This steps over user function calls | |
789 and sourced files. | |
790 *>step* | |
791 step Execute the command and come back to debug mode for | |
792 the next command. This steps into called user | |
793 functions and sourced files. | |
794 *>interrupt* | |
795 interrupt This is like using CTRL-C, but unlike ">quit" comes | |
796 back to debug mode for the next command that is | |
797 executed. Useful for testing |:finally| and |:catch| | |
798 on interrupt exceptions. | |
799 *>finish* | |
800 finish Finish the current script or user function and come | |
801 back to debug mode for the command after the one that | |
802 sourced or called it. | |
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803 *>bt* |
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804 *>backtrace* |
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805 *>where* |
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806 backtrace Show the call stacktrace for current debugging session. |
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807 bt |
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808 where |
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809 *>frame* |
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810 frame N Goes to N backtrace level. + and - signs make movement |
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811 relative. E.g., ":frame +3" goes three frames up. |
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812 *>up* |
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813 up Goes one level up from call stacktrace. |
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814 *>down* |
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815 down Goes one level down from call stacktrace. |
7 | 816 |
817 About the additional commands in debug mode: | |
818 - There is no command-line completion for them, you get the completion for the | |
819 normal Ex commands only. | |
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820 - You can shorten them, up to a single character, unless more than one command |
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821 starts with the same letter. "f" stands for "finish", use "fr" for "frame". |
7 | 822 - Hitting <CR> will repeat the previous one. When doing another command, this |
823 is reset (because it's not clear what you want to repeat). | |
824 - When you want to use the Ex command with the same name, prepend a colon: | |
825 ":cont", ":next", ":finish" (or shorter). | |
826 | |
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827 The backtrace shows the hierarchy of function calls, e.g.: |
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828 >bt ~ |
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829 3 function One[3] ~ |
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830 2 Two[3] ~ |
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831 ->1 Three[3] ~ |
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832 0 Four ~ |
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833 line 1: let four = 4 ~ |
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834 |
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835 The "->" points to the current frame. Use "up", "down" and "frame N" to |
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836 select another frame. |
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837 |
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838 In the current frame you can evaluate the local function variables. There is |
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839 no way to see the command at the current line yet. |
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840 |
7 | 841 |
842 DEFINING BREAKPOINTS | |
843 *:breaka* *:breakadd* | |
844 :breaka[dd] func [lnum] {name} | |
845 Set a breakpoint in a function. Example: > | |
846 :breakadd func Explore | |
847 < Doesn't check for a valid function name, thus the breakpoint | |
848 can be set before the function is defined. | |
849 | |
850 :breaka[dd] file [lnum] {name} | |
851 Set a breakpoint in a sourced file. Example: > | |
852 :breakadd file 43 .vimrc | |
853 | |
10 | 854 :breaka[dd] here |
855 Set a breakpoint in the current line of the current file. | |
856 Like doing: > | |
857 :breakadd file <cursor-line> <current-file> | |
858 < Note that this only works for commands that are executed when | |
859 sourcing the file, not for a function defined in that file. | |
860 | |
13262
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861 :breaka[dd] expr {expression} |
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862 Sets a breakpoint, that will break whenever the {expression} |
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863 evaluates to a different value. Example: > |
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864 :breakadd expr g:lnum |
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865 |
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866 < Will break, whenever the global variable lnum changes. |
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867 Note if you watch a |script-variable| this will break |
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868 when switching scripts, since the script variable is only |
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869 valid in the script where it has been defined and if that |
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870 script is called from several other scripts, this will stop |
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871 whenever that particular variable will become visible or |
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872 unaccessible again. |
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873 |
7 | 874 The [lnum] is the line number of the breakpoint. Vim will stop at or after |
875 this line. When omitted line 1 is used. | |
876 | |
170 | 877 *:debug-name* |
7 | 878 {name} is a pattern that is matched with the file or function name. The |
879 pattern is like what is used for autocommands. There must be a full match (as | |
880 if the pattern starts with "^" and ends in "$"). A "*" matches any sequence | |
881 of characters. 'ignorecase' is not used, but "\c" can be used in the pattern | |
882 to ignore case |/\c|. Don't include the () for the function name! | |
883 | |
11 | 884 The match for sourced scripts is done against the full file name. If no path |
885 is specified the current directory is used. Examples: > | |
886 breakadd file explorer.vim | |
887 matches "explorer.vim" in the current directory. > | |
7 | 888 breakadd file *explorer.vim |
11 | 889 matches ".../plugin/explorer.vim", ".../plugin/iexplorer.vim", etc. > |
7 | 890 breakadd file */explorer.vim |
11 | 891 matches ".../plugin/explorer.vim" and "explorer.vim" in any other directory. |
7 | 892 |
893 The match for functions is done against the name as it's shown in the output | |
894 of ":function". For local functions this means that something like "<SNR>99_" | |
895 is prepended. | |
896 | |
148 | 897 Note that functions are first loaded and later executed. When they are loaded |
898 the "file" breakpoints are checked, when they are executed the "func" | |
899 breakpoints. | |
900 | |
7 | 901 |
902 DELETING BREAKPOINTS | |
903 *:breakd* *:breakdel* *E161* | |
904 :breakd[el] {nr} | |
905 Delete breakpoint {nr}. Use |:breaklist| to see the number of | |
906 each breakpoint. | |
907 | |
359 | 908 :breakd[el] * |
909 Delete all breakpoints. | |
910 | |
7 | 911 :breakd[el] func [lnum] {name} |
912 Delete a breakpoint in a function. | |
913 | |
914 :breakd[el] file [lnum] {name} | |
915 Delete a breakpoint in a sourced file. | |
916 | |
10 | 917 :breakd[el] here |
918 Delete a breakpoint at the current line of the current file. | |
919 | |
7 | 920 When [lnum] is omitted, the first breakpoint in the function or file is |
921 deleted. | |
922 The {name} must be exactly the same as what was typed for the ":breakadd" | |
923 command. "explorer", "*explorer.vim" and "*explorer*" are different. | |
924 | |
925 | |
926 LISTING BREAKPOINTS | |
927 *:breakl* *:breaklist* | |
928 :breakl[ist] | |
929 List all breakpoints. | |
930 | |
931 | |
932 OBSCURE | |
933 | |
934 *:debugg* *:debuggreedy* | |
935 :debugg[reedy] | |
936 Read debug mode commands from the normal input stream, instead | |
937 of getting them directly from the user. Only useful for test | |
938 scripts. Example: > | |
939 echo 'q^Mq' | vim -e -s -c debuggreedy -c 'breakadd file script.vim' -S script.vim | |
940 | |
941 :0debugg[reedy] | |
942 Undo ":debuggreedy": get debug mode commands directly from the | |
943 user, don't use typeahead for debug commands. | |
944 | |
170 | 945 ============================================================================== |
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946 8. Profiling *profile* *profiling* |
170 | 947 |
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948 Profiling means that Vim measures the time that is spent on executing |
170 | 949 functions and/or scripts. The |+profile| feature is required for this. |
950 It is only included when Vim was compiled with "huge" features. | |
951 | |
794 | 952 You can also use the |reltime()| function to measure time. This only requires |
953 the |+reltime| feature, which is present more often. | |
954 | |
5244 | 955 For profiling syntax highlighting see |:syntime|. |
956 | |
5763 | 957 For example, to profile the one_script.vim script file: > |
958 :profile start /tmp/one_script_profile | |
959 :profile file one_script.vim | |
960 :source one_script.vim | |
961 :exit | |
962 | |
5244 | 963 |
170 | 964 :prof[ile] start {fname} *:prof* *:profile* *E750* |
965 Start profiling, write the output in {fname} upon exit. | |
6757 | 966 "~/" and environment variables in {fname} will be expanded. |
790 | 967 If {fname} already exists it will be silently overwritten. |
170 | 968 The variable |v:profiling| is set to one. |
969 | |
790 | 970 :prof[ile] pause |
971 Don't profile until the following ":profile continue". Can be | |
972 used when doing something that should not be counted (e.g., an | |
973 external command). Does not nest. | |
974 | |
975 :prof[ile] continue | |
976 Continue profiling after ":profile pause". | |
977 | |
170 | 978 :prof[ile] func {pattern} |
979 Profile function that matches the pattern {pattern}. | |
980 See |:debug-name| for how {pattern} is used. | |
981 | |
982 :prof[ile][!] file {pattern} | |
983 Profile script file that matches the pattern {pattern}. | |
984 See |:debug-name| for how {pattern} is used. | |
985 This only profiles the script itself, not the functions | |
986 defined in it. | |
987 When the [!] is added then all functions defined in the script | |
5763 | 988 will also be profiled. |
989 Note that profiling only starts when the script is loaded | |
990 after this command. A :profile command in the script itself | |
991 won't work. | |
170 | 992 |
993 | |
364 | 994 :profd[el] ... *:profd* *:profdel* |
995 Stop profiling for the arguments specified. See |:breakdel| | |
996 for the arguments. | |
997 | |
998 | |
170 | 999 You must always start with a ":profile start fname" command. The resulting |
1000 file is written when Vim exits. Here is an example of the output, with line | |
1001 numbers prepended for the explanation: | |
1002 | |
1003 1 FUNCTION Test2() ~ | |
1004 2 Called 1 time ~ | |
1005 3 Total time: 0.155251 ~ | |
1006 4 Self time: 0.002006 ~ | |
1007 5 ~ | |
1008 6 count total (s) self (s) ~ | |
856 | 1009 7 9 0.000096 for i in range(8) ~ |
1010 8 8 0.153655 0.000410 call Test3() ~ | |
1011 9 8 0.000070 endfor ~ | |
1012 10 " Ask a question ~ | |
1013 11 1 0.001341 echo input("give me an answer: ") ~ | |
170 | 1014 |
1015 The header (lines 1-4) gives the time for the whole function. The "Total" | |
1016 time is the time passed while the function was executing. The "Self" time is | |
1017 the "Total" time reduced by time spent in: | |
1018 - other user defined functions | |
1019 - sourced scripts | |
1020 - executed autocommands | |
1021 - external (shell) commands | |
1022 | |
1023 Lines 7-11 show the time spent in each executed line. Lines that are not | |
1024 executed do not count. Thus a comment line is never counted. | |
1025 | |
1026 The Count column shows how many times a line was executed. Note that the | |
1027 "for" command in line 7 is executed one more time as the following lines. | |
1028 That is because the line is also executed to detect the end of the loop. | |
1029 | |
1030 The time Vim spends waiting for user input isn't counted at all. Thus how | |
1031 long you take to respond to the input() prompt is irrelevant. | |
1032 | |
1033 Profiling should give a good indication of where time is spent, but keep in | |
1034 mind there are various things that may clobber the results: | |
1035 | |
1036 - The accuracy of the time measured depends on the gettimeofday() system | |
1037 function. It may only be as accurate as 1/100 second, even though the times | |
1038 are displayed in micro seconds. | |
1039 | |
1040 - Real elapsed time is measured, if other processes are busy they may cause | |
1041 delays at unpredictable moments. You may want to run the profiling several | |
1042 times and use the lowest results. | |
1043 | |
1044 - If you have several commands in one line you only get one time. Split the | |
1045 line to see the time for the individual commands. | |
1046 | |
1047 - The time of the lines added up is mostly less than the time of the whole | |
1048 function. There is some overhead in between. | |
1049 | |
1050 - Functions that are deleted before Vim exits will not produce profiling | |
1051 information. You can check the |v:profiling| variable if needed: > | |
856 | 1052 :if !v:profiling |
170 | 1053 : delfunc MyFunc |
1054 :endif | |
1055 < | |
177 | 1056 - Profiling may give weird results on multi-processor systems, when sleep |
1057 mode kicks in or the processor frequency is reduced to save power. | |
170 | 1058 |
1125 | 1059 - The "self" time is wrong when a function is used recursively. |
1060 | |
1061 | |
14421 | 1062 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |