patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c13b3d1350b60b94fe87f0761ea31c0e7fb6ebf3 Author: Yee Cheng Chin <ychin.git@gmail.com> Date: Sun Aug 20 21:18:38 2023 +0200 patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Problem: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Solution: Support Python 3 stable ABI Commits: 1) Support Python 3 stable ABI to allow mixed version interoperatbility Vim currently supports embedding Python for use with plugins, and the "dynamic" linking option allows the user to specify a locally installed version of Python by setting `pythonthreedll`. However, one caveat is that the Python 3 libs are not binary compatible across minor versions, and mixing versions can potentially be dangerous (e.g. let's say Vim was linked against the Python 3.10 SDK, but the user sets `pythonthreedll` to a 3.11 lib). Usually, nothing bad happens, but in theory this could lead to crashes, memory corruption, and other unpredictable behaviors. It's also difficult for the user to tell something is wrong because Vim has no way of reporting what Python 3 version Vim was linked with. For Vim installed via a package manager, this usually isn't an issue because all the dependencies would already be figured out. For prebuilt Vim binaries like MacVim (my motivation for working on this), AppImage, and Win32 installer this could potentially be an issue as usually a single binary is distributed. This is more tricky when a new Python version is released, as there's a chicken-and-egg issue with deciding what Python version to build against and hard to keep in sync when a new Python version just drops and we have a mix of users of different Python versions, and a user just blindly upgrading to a new Python could lead to bad interactions with Vim. Python 3 does have a solution for this problem: stable ABI / limited API (see https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/stable.html). The C SDK limits the API to a set of functions that are promised to be stable across versions. This pull request adds an ifdef config that allows us to turn it on when building Vim. Vim binaries built with this option should be safe to freely link with any Python 3 libraies without having the constraint of having to use the same minor version. Note: Python 2 has no such concept and this doesn't change how Python 2 integration works (not that there is going to be a new version of Python 2 that would cause compatibility issues in the future anyway). --- Technical details: ====== The stable ABI can be accessed when we compile with the Python 3 limited API (by defining `Py_LIMITED_API`). The Python 3 code (in `if_python3.c` and `if_py_both.h`) would now handle this and switch to limited API mode. Without it set, Vim will still use the full API as before so this is an opt-in change. The main difference is that `PyType_Object` is now an opaque struct that we can't directly create "static types" out of, and we have to create type objects as "heap types" instead. This is because the struct is not stable and changes from version to version (e.g. 3.8 added a `tp_vectorcall` field to it). I had to change all the types to be allocated on the heap instead with just a pointer to them. Other functions are also simply missing in limited API, or they are introduced too late (e.g. `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` in 3.10) to it that we need some other ways to do the same thing, so I had to abstract a few things into macros, and sometimes re-implement functions like `PyObject_NEW`. One caveat is that in limited API, `OutputType` (used for replacing `sys.stdout`) no longer inherits from `PyStdPrinter_Type` which I don't think has any real issue other than minor differences in how they convert to a string and missing a couple functions like `mode()` and `fileno()`. Also fixed an existing bug where `tp_basicsize` was set incorrectly for `BufferObject`, `TabListObject, `WinListObject`. Technically, there could be a small performance drop, there is a little more indirection with accessing type objects, and some APIs like `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` are missing, but in practice I didn't see any difference, and any well-written Python plugin should try to avoid excessing callbacks to the `vim` module in Python anyway. I only tested limited API mode down to Python 3.7, which seemes to compile and work fine. I haven't tried earlier Python versions. 2) Fix PyIter_Check on older Python vers / type##Ptr unused warning For PyIter_Check, older versions exposed them as either macros (used in full API), or a function (for use in limited API). A previous change exposed PyIter_Check to the dynamic build because Python just moved it to function-only in 3.10 anyway. Because of that, just make sure we always grab the function in dynamic builds in earlier versions since that's what Python eventually did anyway. 3) Move Py_LIMITED_API define to configure script Can now use --with-python-stable-abi flag to customize what stable ABI version to target. Can also use an env var to do so as well. 4) Show +python/dyn-stable in :version, and allow has() feature query Not sure if the "/dyn-stable" suffix would break things, or whether we should do it another way. Or just don't show it in version and rely on has() feature checking. 5) Documentation first draft. Still need to implement v:python3_version 6) Fix PyIter_Check build breaks when compiling against Python 3.8 7) Add CI coverage stable ABI on Linux/Windows / make configurable on Windows This adds configurable options for Windows make files (both MinGW and MSVC). CI will also now exercise both traditional full API and stable ABI for Linux and Windows in the matrix for coverage. Also added a "dynamic" option to Linux matrix as a drive-by change to make other scripting languages like Ruby / Perl testable under both static and dynamic builds. 8) Fix inaccuracy in Windows docs Python's own docs are confusing but you don't actually want to use `python3.dll` for the dynamic linkage. 9) Add generated autoconf file 10) Add v:python3_version support This variable indicates the version of Python3 that Vim was built against (PY_VERSION_HEX), and will be useful to check whether the Python library you are loading in dynamically actually fits it. When built with stable ABI, it will be the limited ABI version instead (`Py_LIMITED_API`), which indicates the minimum version of Python 3 the user should have, rather than the exact match. When stable ABI is used, we won't be exposing PY_VERSION_HEX in this var because it just doesn't seem necessary to do so (the whole point of stable ABI is the promise that it will work across versions), and I don't want to confuse the user with too many variables. Also, cleaned up some documentation, and added help tags. 11) Fix Python 3.7 compat issues Fix a couple issues when using limited API < 3.8 - Crash on exit: In Python 3.7, if a heap-allocated type is destroyed before all instances are, it would cause a crash later. This happens when we destroyed `OptionsType` before calling `Py_Finalize` when using the limited API. To make it worse, later versions changed the semantics and now each instance has a strong reference to its own type and the recommendation has changed to have each instance de-ref its own type and have its type in GC traversal. To avoid dealing with these cross-version variations, we just don't free the heap type. They are static types in non-limited-API anyway and are designed to last through the entirety of the app, and we also don't restart the Python runtime and therefore do not need it to have absolutely 0 leaks. See: - https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-the-c-api - https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html#changes-in-the-c-api - PyIter_Check: This function is not provided in limited APIs older than 3.8. Previously I was trying to mock it out using manual PyType_GetSlot() but it was brittle and also does not actually work properly for static types (it will generate a Python error). Just return false. It does mean using limited API < 3.8 is not recommended as you lose the functionality to handle iterators, but from playing with plugins I couldn't find it to be an issue. - Fix loading of PyIter_Check so it will be done when limited API < 3.8. Otherwise loading a 3.7 Python lib will fail even if limited API was specified to use it. 12) Make sure to only load `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` in needed in limited API We don't use this function unless limited API >= 3.10, but we were loading it regardless. Usually it's ok in Unix-like systems where Python just has a single lib that we load from, but in Windows where there is a separate python3.dll this would not work as the symbol would not have been exposed in this more limited DLL file. This makes it much clearer under what condition is this function needed. closes: #12032 Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> Co-authored-by: Yee Cheng Chin <ychin.git@gmail.com>

/*
 * os_vms_conf.h.  Replaces auto/config.h for VMS
 */

#define CASE_INSENSITIVE_FILENAME   // Open VMS is case insensitive
#define SPACE_IN_FILENAME	    // There could be space between user and passwd
#define FNAME_ILLEGAL "|*#?%"       // Illegal characters in a file name
#define BINARY_FILE_IO		    // Use binary fileio
#define USE_GETCWD
#define USE_SYSTEM
#define XPMATTRIBUTES_TYPE XpmAttributes

// Define when terminfo support found
#undef TERMINFO

// Define when termcap.h contains ospeed
// #define HAVE_OSPEED

// Define when termcap.h contains UP, BC and PC
// #define HAVE_UP_BC_PC

// Define when termcap.h defines outfuntype
//#define HAVE_OUTFUNTYPE

// Define when __DATE__ " " __TIME__ can be used
#define HAVE_DATE_TIME

// Defined to the size of an int
#define VIM_SIZEOF_INT  4

// #undef USEBCOPY
#define USEMEMMOVE
// #undef USEMEMCPY

// Define when "man -s 2" is to be used
// #undef USEMAN_S

// Define to empty if the keyword does not work.
// #undef const

// Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define.
// #undef mode_t

// Define to `long' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define.
// #undef off_t

// Define to `long' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define.
// #undef pid_t

// Define to `unsigned' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define.
// #undef size_t

// Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define.
// #undef uid_t

// Define to `unsigned int' or other type that is 32 bit.
#define UINT32_T unsigned int

// Define to `int' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define.
// #undef gid_t

// Define to `long' if <sys/types.h> doesn't define.
// #undef ino_t

// Define if you have the nanosleep() function.
// #undef HAVE_NANOSLEEP

// Define if you can safely include both <sys/time.h> and <sys/select.h>.
// #undef SYS_SELECT_WITH_SYS_TIME

// Define if struct sigcontext is present
#define HAVE_SIGCONTEXT

// Define if toupper/tolower only work on lower/uppercase characters
// #define BROKEN_TOUPPER

// Define if tgetstr() has a second argument that is (char *)
// #undef TGETSTR_CHAR_P

// Define if you have the sigset() function.
// #undef HAVE_SIGSET

// Define if you have the setpgid() function.
// #undef HAVE_SETPGID

// Define if you have the setsid() function.
// #undef HAVE_SETSID

// Define if you have the sigset() function.
// #undef HAVE_SIGSET

#define TGETENT_ZERO_ERR
#define HAVE_GETCWD
#define HAVE_STRCSPN
#define HAVE_STRTOL
#define HAVE_TGETENT
#define HAVE_MEMSET
#define HAVE_STRERROR
#define HAVE_FCHOWN
#define HAVE_RENAME
#define HAVE_QSORT
#define HAVE_FSYNC
#define HAVE_GETPWUID
#define HAVE_GETPWNAM
#define	HAVE_STDLIB_H
#define	HAVE_STRING_H
#define	HAVE_ERRNO_H
#define HAVE_OPENDIR
#define HAVE_PUTENV
#define HAVE_SETENV
#define HAVE_SETJMP_H
#define HAVE_MATH_H
#define HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
#define HAVE_PWD_H
#define HAVE_NETDB_H
#define	HAVE_DIRENT_H

#undef	HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
#undef	HAVE_SYS_DIR_H
#undef	HAVE_NDIR_H
#undef	HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
#undef	HAVE_UNION_WAIT
#undef  HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#undef  HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H
#undef  HAVE_SYS_SYSTEMINFO_H
#undef  HAVE_TERMCAP_H
#undef	HAVE_SGTTY_H
#undef	HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
#undef	HAVE_TERMIO_H
#undef	HAVE_STROPTS_H
#undef	HAVE_SYS_STREAM_H
#undef	HAVE_SYS_PTEM_H
#undef	HAVE_TERMIOS_H
#undef	HAVE_LIBC_H
#undef	HAVE_SYS_STATFS_H
#undef	HAVE_SYS_POLL_H
#undef  HAVE_FCHDIR
#undef  HAVE_LSTAT
#undef  HAVE_STDINT_H

// Hardware specific
#ifdef  VAX
#undef  HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
#undef  HAVE_USLEEP
#undef  HAVE_STRCASECMP
#undef  HAVE_STRINGS_H
#undef  HAVE_SIGSETJMP
#undef  HAVE_ISNAN
#undef  HAVE_XOS_R_H
#define HAVE_NO_LONG_LONG
#define VIM_SIZEOF_LONG 4
#define LONG_LONG_MIN  (-2147483647-1)
#define LONG_LONG_MAX  (2147483647)
#define ULONG_LONG_MAX (4294967295U)
#else // AXP and IA64
#define HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
#define HAVE_USLEEP
#define HAVE_STRCASECMP
#define HAVE_STRINGS_H
#define HAVE_SIGSETJMP
#define HAVE_ISNAN
#define HAVE_XOS_R_H
#define HAVE_NO_LONG_LONG
#define VIM_SIZEOF_LONG 8
#define LONG_LONG_MIN  (-9223372036854775807-1)
#define LONG_LONG_MAX  (9223372036854775807)
#define ULONG_LONG_MAX (18446744073709551615U)
#endif

// Compiler specific
#ifdef  VAXC
#undef  HAVE_SELECT
#undef  HAVE_FCNTL_H
#undef  HAVE_UNISTD_H
#undef  HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#undef  HAVE_LOCALE_H
#define BROKEN_LOCALE
#undef  DYNAMIC_ICONV
#undef	HAVE_STRFTIME
#else   // DECC
#define HAVE_SELECT
#define HAVE_FCNTL_H
#define HAVE_UNISTD_H 1
#define HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#define HAVE_LOCALE_H
#define BROKEN_LOCALE
#undef  DYNAMIC_ICONV
#define	HAVE_STRFTIME
#endif

#if defined(USE_ICONV)
#define HAVE_ICONV_H
#define HAVE_ICONV
#else
#undef HAVE_ICONV_H
#undef HAVE_ICONV
#endif

// GUI support defines
#if defined(FEAT_GUI_MOTIF) || defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK)
#define X_INCLUDE_GRP_H		// To use getgrgid
#define XUSE_MTSAFE_API
#define HAVE_X11
#define WANT_X11
#ifdef HAVE_XPM
#define HAVE_X11_XPM_H
#endif
#define USE_FONTSET
#undef  X_LOCALE
#endif