patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c13b3d1350b60b94fe87f0761ea31c0e7fb6ebf3 Author: Yee Cheng Chin <ychin.git@gmail.com> Date: Sun Aug 20 21:18:38 2023 +0200 patch 9.0.1776: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Problem: No support for stable Python 3 ABI Solution: Support Python 3 stable ABI Commits: 1) Support Python 3 stable ABI to allow mixed version interoperatbility Vim currently supports embedding Python for use with plugins, and the "dynamic" linking option allows the user to specify a locally installed version of Python by setting `pythonthreedll`. However, one caveat is that the Python 3 libs are not binary compatible across minor versions, and mixing versions can potentially be dangerous (e.g. let's say Vim was linked against the Python 3.10 SDK, but the user sets `pythonthreedll` to a 3.11 lib). Usually, nothing bad happens, but in theory this could lead to crashes, memory corruption, and other unpredictable behaviors. It's also difficult for the user to tell something is wrong because Vim has no way of reporting what Python 3 version Vim was linked with. For Vim installed via a package manager, this usually isn't an issue because all the dependencies would already be figured out. For prebuilt Vim binaries like MacVim (my motivation for working on this), AppImage, and Win32 installer this could potentially be an issue as usually a single binary is distributed. This is more tricky when a new Python version is released, as there's a chicken-and-egg issue with deciding what Python version to build against and hard to keep in sync when a new Python version just drops and we have a mix of users of different Python versions, and a user just blindly upgrading to a new Python could lead to bad interactions with Vim. Python 3 does have a solution for this problem: stable ABI / limited API (see https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/stable.html). The C SDK limits the API to a set of functions that are promised to be stable across versions. This pull request adds an ifdef config that allows us to turn it on when building Vim. Vim binaries built with this option should be safe to freely link with any Python 3 libraies without having the constraint of having to use the same minor version. Note: Python 2 has no such concept and this doesn't change how Python 2 integration works (not that there is going to be a new version of Python 2 that would cause compatibility issues in the future anyway). --- Technical details: ====== The stable ABI can be accessed when we compile with the Python 3 limited API (by defining `Py_LIMITED_API`). The Python 3 code (in `if_python3.c` and `if_py_both.h`) would now handle this and switch to limited API mode. Without it set, Vim will still use the full API as before so this is an opt-in change. The main difference is that `PyType_Object` is now an opaque struct that we can't directly create "static types" out of, and we have to create type objects as "heap types" instead. This is because the struct is not stable and changes from version to version (e.g. 3.8 added a `tp_vectorcall` field to it). I had to change all the types to be allocated on the heap instead with just a pointer to them. Other functions are also simply missing in limited API, or they are introduced too late (e.g. `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` in 3.10) to it that we need some other ways to do the same thing, so I had to abstract a few things into macros, and sometimes re-implement functions like `PyObject_NEW`. One caveat is that in limited API, `OutputType` (used for replacing `sys.stdout`) no longer inherits from `PyStdPrinter_Type` which I don't think has any real issue other than minor differences in how they convert to a string and missing a couple functions like `mode()` and `fileno()`. Also fixed an existing bug where `tp_basicsize` was set incorrectly for `BufferObject`, `TabListObject, `WinListObject`. Technically, there could be a small performance drop, there is a little more indirection with accessing type objects, and some APIs like `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` are missing, but in practice I didn't see any difference, and any well-written Python plugin should try to avoid excessing callbacks to the `vim` module in Python anyway. I only tested limited API mode down to Python 3.7, which seemes to compile and work fine. I haven't tried earlier Python versions. 2) Fix PyIter_Check on older Python vers / type##Ptr unused warning For PyIter_Check, older versions exposed them as either macros (used in full API), or a function (for use in limited API). A previous change exposed PyIter_Check to the dynamic build because Python just moved it to function-only in 3.10 anyway. Because of that, just make sure we always grab the function in dynamic builds in earlier versions since that's what Python eventually did anyway. 3) Move Py_LIMITED_API define to configure script Can now use --with-python-stable-abi flag to customize what stable ABI version to target. Can also use an env var to do so as well. 4) Show +python/dyn-stable in :version, and allow has() feature query Not sure if the "/dyn-stable" suffix would break things, or whether we should do it another way. Or just don't show it in version and rely on has() feature checking. 5) Documentation first draft. Still need to implement v:python3_version 6) Fix PyIter_Check build breaks when compiling against Python 3.8 7) Add CI coverage stable ABI on Linux/Windows / make configurable on Windows This adds configurable options for Windows make files (both MinGW and MSVC). CI will also now exercise both traditional full API and stable ABI for Linux and Windows in the matrix for coverage. Also added a "dynamic" option to Linux matrix as a drive-by change to make other scripting languages like Ruby / Perl testable under both static and dynamic builds. 8) Fix inaccuracy in Windows docs Python's own docs are confusing but you don't actually want to use `python3.dll` for the dynamic linkage. 9) Add generated autoconf file 10) Add v:python3_version support This variable indicates the version of Python3 that Vim was built against (PY_VERSION_HEX), and will be useful to check whether the Python library you are loading in dynamically actually fits it. When built with stable ABI, it will be the limited ABI version instead (`Py_LIMITED_API`), which indicates the minimum version of Python 3 the user should have, rather than the exact match. When stable ABI is used, we won't be exposing PY_VERSION_HEX in this var because it just doesn't seem necessary to do so (the whole point of stable ABI is the promise that it will work across versions), and I don't want to confuse the user with too many variables. Also, cleaned up some documentation, and added help tags. 11) Fix Python 3.7 compat issues Fix a couple issues when using limited API < 3.8 - Crash on exit: In Python 3.7, if a heap-allocated type is destroyed before all instances are, it would cause a crash later. This happens when we destroyed `OptionsType` before calling `Py_Finalize` when using the limited API. To make it worse, later versions changed the semantics and now each instance has a strong reference to its own type and the recommendation has changed to have each instance de-ref its own type and have its type in GC traversal. To avoid dealing with these cross-version variations, we just don't free the heap type. They are static types in non-limited-API anyway and are designed to last through the entirety of the app, and we also don't restart the Python runtime and therefore do not need it to have absolutely 0 leaks. See: - https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#changes-in-the-c-api - https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html#changes-in-the-c-api - PyIter_Check: This function is not provided in limited APIs older than 3.8. Previously I was trying to mock it out using manual PyType_GetSlot() but it was brittle and also does not actually work properly for static types (it will generate a Python error). Just return false. It does mean using limited API < 3.8 is not recommended as you lose the functionality to handle iterators, but from playing with plugins I couldn't find it to be an issue. - Fix loading of PyIter_Check so it will be done when limited API < 3.8. Otherwise loading a 3.7 Python lib will fail even if limited API was specified to use it. 12) Make sure to only load `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` in needed in limited API We don't use this function unless limited API >= 3.10, but we were loading it regardless. Usually it's ok in Unix-like systems where Python just has a single lib that we load from, but in Windows where there is a separate python3.dll this would not work as the symbol would not have been exposed in this more limited DLL file. This makes it much clearer under what condition is this function needed. closes: #12032 Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> Co-authored-by: Yee Cheng Chin <ychin.git@gmail.com>

/* os_win32.c */
void mch_get_exe_name(void);
HINSTANCE vimLoadLib(const char *name);
int mch_is_gui_executable(void);
HINSTANCE find_imported_module_by_funcname(HINSTANCE hInst, const char *funcname);
void *get_dll_import_func(HINSTANCE hInst, const char *funcname);
void *hook_dll_import_func(HINSTANCE hInst, const char *funcname, const void *hook);
int dyn_libintl_init(void);
void dyn_libintl_end(void);
void PlatformId(void);
void mch_setmouse(int on);
void mch_bevalterm_changed(void);
int test_mswin_event(char_u *event, dict_T *args);
void mch_update_cursor(void);
int mch_char_avail(void);
int mch_check_messages(void);
int mch_inchar(char_u *buf, int maxlen, long time, int tb_change_cnt);
void mch_init(void);
void mch_exit(int r);
int mch_check_win(int argc, char **argv);
void fname_case(char_u *name, int len);
int mch_get_user_name(char_u *s, int len);
void mch_get_host_name(char_u *s, int len);
long mch_get_pid(void);
int mch_process_running(long pid);
int mch_dirname(char_u *buf, int len);
long mch_getperm(char_u *name);
int mch_setperm(char_u *name, long perm);
void mch_hide(char_u *name);
int mch_ishidden(char_u *name);
int mch_isdir(char_u *name);
int mch_isrealdir(char_u *name);
int mch_mkdir(char_u *name);
int mch_rmdir(char_u *name);
int mch_is_hard_link(char_u *fname);
int mch_is_symbolic_link(char_u *name);
int mch_is_linked(char_u *fname);
int win32_fileinfo(char_u *fname, BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION *info);
int mch_writable(char_u *name);
int mch_can_exe(char_u *name, char_u **path, int use_path);
int mch_nodetype(char_u *name);
vim_acl_T mch_get_acl(char_u *fname);
void mch_set_acl(char_u *fname, vim_acl_T acl);
void mch_free_acl(vim_acl_T acl);
void mch_settmode(tmode_T tmode);
int mch_get_shellsize(void);
void mch_set_shellsize(void);
void mch_new_shellsize(void);
void mch_set_winsize_now(void);
int mch_call_shell(char_u *cmd, int options);
void win32_build_env(dict_T *env, garray_T *gap, int is_terminal);
void mch_job_start(char *cmd, job_T *job, jobopt_T *options);
char *mch_job_status(job_T *job);
job_T *mch_detect_ended_job(job_T *job_list);
int mch_signal_job(job_T *job, char_u *how);
void mch_clear_job(job_T *job);
void mch_set_normal_colors(void);
void mch_write(char_u *s, int len);
void mch_delay(long msec, int flags);
int mch_remove(char_u *name);
void mch_breakcheck(int force);
long_u mch_total_mem(int special);
int mch_wrename(WCHAR *wold, WCHAR *wnew);
int mch_rename(const char *pszOldFile, const char *pszNewFile);
char *default_shell(void);
int mch_access(char *n, int p);
int mch_open(const char *name, int flags, int mode);
FILE *mch_fopen(const char *name, const char *mode);
int mch_copy_file_attribute(char_u *from, char_u *to);
int get_cmd_argsW(char ***argvp);
void free_cmd_argsW(void);
void used_file_arg(char *name, int literal, int full_path, int diff_mode);
void set_alist_count(void);
void fix_arg_enc(void);
int mch_setenv(char *var, char *value, int x);
int vtp_printf(char *format, ...);
void get_default_console_color(int *cterm_fg, int *cterm_bg, guicolor_T *gui_fg, guicolor_T *gui_bg);
void control_console_color_rgb(void);
int use_vtp(void);
int is_term_win32(void);
int has_vtp_working(void);
int has_conpty_working(void);
int get_conpty_type(void);
int is_conpty_stable(void);
int get_conpty_fix_type(void);
void resize_console_buf(void);
char *GetWin32Error(void);
void stop_timeout(void);
volatile sig_atomic_t *start_timeout(long msec);
/* vim: set ft=c : */