Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/xxd.man @ 32250:b1ea62e14b3c v9.0.1456
patch 9.0.1456: shortmess test depends on order of test execution
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/657b31fa3bda2089fef18c30fc706abe5d57e865
Author: zeertzjq <zeertzjq@outlook.com>
Date: Sat Apr 15 21:28:02 2023 +0100
patch 9.0.1456: shortmess test depends on order of test execution
Problem: Shortmess test depends on order of test execution.
Solution: Clear messages. (closes https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/12264)
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 15 Apr 2023 22:30:03 +0200 |
| parents | 912224cab37f |
| children | 56d291e65044 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 6918 | 1 XXD(1) General Commands Manual XXD(1) |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 | |
| 5 NAME | |
| 6 xxd - make a hexdump or do the reverse. | |
| 7 | |
| 8 SYNOPSIS | |
| 9 xxd -h[elp] | |
| 10 xxd [options] [infile [outfile]] | |
| 11 xxd -r[evert] [options] [infile [outfile]] | |
| 12 | |
| 13 DESCRIPTION | |
| 36 | 14 xxd creates a hex dump of a given file or standard input. It can also |
| 15 convert a hex dump back to its original binary form. Like uuencode(1) | |
| 16 and uudecode(1) it allows the transmission of binary data in a `mail- | |
| 6918 | 17 safe' ASCII representation, but has the advantage of decoding to stan‐ |
| 36 | 18 dard output. Moreover, it can be used to perform binary file patching. |
| 7 | 19 |
| 20 OPTIONS | |
| 6918 | 21 If no infile is given, standard input is read. If infile is specified |
| 22 as a `-' character, then input is taken from standard input. If no | |
| 36 | 23 outfile is given (or a `-' character is in its place), results are sent |
| 24 to standard output. | |
| 7 | 25 |
| 6918 | 26 Note that a "lazy" parser is used which does not check for more than |
| 27 the first option letter, unless the option is followed by a parameter. | |
| 28 Spaces between a single option letter and its parameter are optional. | |
| 36 | 29 Parameters to options can be specified in decimal, hexadecimal or octal |
| 30 notation. Thus -c8, -c 8, -c 010 and -cols 8 are all equivalent. | |
| 7 | 31 |
| 32 -a | -autoskip | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
33 Toggle autoskip: A single '*' replaces nul-lines. Default off. |
| 7 | 34 |
| 35 -b | -bits | |
| 36 | 36 Switch to bits (binary digits) dump, rather than hexdump. This |
| 37 option writes octets as eight digits "1"s and "0"s instead of a | |
| 38 normal hexadecimal dump. Each line is preceded by a line number | |
| 6918 | 39 in hexadecimal and followed by an ascii (or ebcdic) representa‐ |
| 36 | 40 tion. The command line switches -r, -p, -i do not work with this |
| 41 mode. | |
| 7 | 42 |
| 43 -c cols | -cols cols | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
44 Format <cols> octets per line. Default 16 (-i: 12, -ps: 30, -b: |
|
27118
2f854597399f
patch 8.2.4088: xxd cannot output everything in one line
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
13571
diff
changeset
|
45 6). Max 256. No maxmimum for -ps. With -ps, 0 results in one |
|
2f854597399f
patch 8.2.4088: xxd cannot output everything in one line
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
13571
diff
changeset
|
46 long line of output. |
| 7 | 47 |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
48 -C | -capitalize |
| 29352 | 49 Capitalize variable names in C include file style, when using |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
50 -i. |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
51 |
| 7 | 52 -E | -EBCDIC |
| 36 | 53 Change the character encoding in the righthand column from ASCII |
| 54 to EBCDIC. This does not change the hexadecimal representation. | |
| 55 The option is meaningless in combinations with -r, -p or -i. | |
| 7 | 56 |
| 6918 | 57 -e Switch to little-endian hexdump. This option treats byte groups |
| 58 as words in little-endian byte order. The default grouping of 4 | |
| 59 bytes may be changed using -g. This option only applies to hex‐ | |
| 29352 | 60 dump, leaving the ASCII (or EBCDIC) representation unchanged. |
| 6918 | 61 The command line switches -r, -p, -i do not work with this mode. |
| 62 | |
| 7 | 63 -g bytes | -groupsize bytes |
| 29352 | 64 Separate the output of every <bytes> bytes (two hex characters |
| 6918 | 65 or eight bit-digits each) by a whitespace. Specify -g 0 to sup‐ |
| 66 press grouping. <Bytes> defaults to 2 in normal mode, 4 in lit‐ | |
| 29352 | 67 tle-endian mode and 1 in bits mode. Grouping does not apply to |
| 6918 | 68 postscript or include style. |
| 7 | 69 |
| 70 -h | -help | |
| 29352 | 71 Print a summary of available commands and exit. No hex dumping |
| 36 | 72 is performed. |
| 7 | 73 |
| 74 -i | -include | |
| 29352 | 75 Output in C include file style. A complete static array defini‐ |
| 76 tion is written (named after the input file), unless xxd reads | |
| 36 | 77 from stdin. |
| 7 | 78 |
| 79 -l len | -len len | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
80 Stop after writing <len> octets. |
| 7 | 81 |
| 29352 | 82 -n name | -name name |
| 83 Override the variable name output when -i is used. The array is | |
| 84 named name and the length is named name_len. | |
| 85 | |
| 6918 | 86 -o offset |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
87 Add <offset> to the displayed file position. |
| 6918 | 88 |
| 7 | 89 -p | -ps | -postscript | -plain |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
90 Output in postscript continuous hexdump style. Also known as |
| 36 | 91 plain hexdump style. |
| 7 | 92 |
| 93 -r | -revert | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
94 Reverse operation: convert (or patch) hexdump into binary. If |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
95 not writing to stdout, xxd writes into its output file without |
| 6918 | 96 truncating it. Use the combination -r -p to read plain hexadeci‐ |
| 97 mal dumps without line number information and without a particu‐ | |
| 29352 | 98 lar column layout. Additional Whitespace and line-breaks are al‐ |
| 99 lowed anywhere. | |
| 7 | 100 |
| 101 -seek offset | |
| 218 | 102 When used after -r: revert with <offset> added to file positions |
| 103 found in hexdump. | |
| 7 | 104 |
| 105 -s [+][-]seek | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
106 Start at <seek> bytes abs. (or rel.) infile offset. + indicates |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
107 that the seek is relative to the current stdin file position |
| 1126 | 108 (meaningless when not reading from stdin). - indicates that the |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
109 seek should be that many characters from the end of the input |
| 1126 | 110 (or if combined with +: before the current stdin file position). |
| 111 Without -s option, xxd starts at the current file position. | |
| 7 | 112 |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
113 -u Use upper case hex letters. Default is lower case. |
| 7 | 114 |
| 115 -v | -version | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
116 Show version string. |
| 7 | 117 |
| 36 | 118 CAVEATS |
| 119 xxd -r has some builtin magic while evaluating line number information. | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
120 If the output file is seekable, then the linenumbers at the start of |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
121 each hexdump line may be out of order, lines may be missing, or over‐ |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
122 lapping. In these cases xxd will lseek(2) to the next position. If the |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
123 output file is not seekable, only gaps are allowed, which will be |
| 36 | 124 filled by null-bytes. |
| 7 | 125 |
| 36 | 126 xxd -r never generates parse errors. Garbage is silently skipped. |
| 7 | 127 |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
128 When editing hexdumps, please note that xxd -r skips everything on the |
| 36 | 129 input line after reading enough columns of hexadecimal data (see option |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
130 -c). This also means, that changes to the printable ascii (or ebcdic) |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
131 columns are always ignored. Reverting a plain (or postscript) style |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
132 hexdump with xxd -r -p does not depend on the correct number of col‐ |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
133 umns. Here anything that looks like a pair of hex-digits is inter‐ |
| 36 | 134 preted. |
| 7 | 135 |
| 136 Note the difference between | |
| 137 % xxd -i file | |
| 138 and | |
| 139 % xxd -i < file | |
| 140 | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
141 xxd -s +seek may be different from xxd -s seek, as lseek(2) is used to |
| 36 | 142 "rewind" input. A '+' makes a difference if the input source is stdin, |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
143 and if stdin's file position is not at the start of the file by the |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
144 time xxd is started and given its input. The following examples may |
| 36 | 145 help to clarify (or further confuse!)... |
| 7 | 146 |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
147 Rewind stdin before reading; needed because the `cat' has already read |
| 36 | 148 to the end of stdin. |
| 810 | 149 % sh -c "cat > plain_copy; xxd -s 0 > hex_copy" < file |
| 7 | 150 |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
151 Hexdump from file position 0x480 (=1024+128) onwards. The `+' sign |
| 36 | 152 means "relative to the current position", thus the `128' adds to the 1k |
| 153 where dd left off. | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
154 % sh -c "dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd -s +128 > hex_snippet" |
| 36 | 155 < file |
| 7 | 156 |
| 157 Hexdump from file position 0x100 ( = 1024-768) on. | |
| 810 | 158 % sh -c "dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd -s +-768 > hex_snippet" |
| 36 | 159 < file |
| 7 | 160 |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
161 However, this is a rare situation and the use of `+' is rarely needed. |
|
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
162 The author prefers to monitor the effect of xxd with strace(1) or |
| 36 | 163 truss(1), whenever -s is used. |
| 7 | 164 |
| 165 EXAMPLES | |
| 810 | 166 Print everything but the first three lines (hex 0x30 bytes) of file. |
| 7 | 167 % xxd -s 0x30 file |
| 168 | |
| 810 | 169 Print 3 lines (hex 0x30 bytes) from the end of file. |
| 7 | 170 % xxd -s -0x30 file |
| 171 | |
| 1126 | 172 Print 120 bytes as continuous hexdump with 20 octets per line. |
| 7 | 173 % xxd -l 120 -ps -c 20 xxd.1 |
| 36 | 174 2e54482058584420312022417567757374203139 |
| 175 39362220224d616e75616c207061676520666f72 | |
| 176 20787864220a2e5c220a2e5c222032317374204d | |
| 177 617920313939360a2e5c22204d616e2070616765 | |
| 178 20617574686f723a0a2e5c2220202020546f6e79 | |
| 179 204e7567656e74203c746f6e79407363746e7567 | |
| 7 | 180 |
| 36 | 181 Hexdump the first 120 bytes of this man page with 12 octets per line. |
| 7 | 182 % xxd -l 120 -c 12 xxd.1 |
| 36 | 183 0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 2241 .TH XXD 1 "A |
| 184 000000c: 7567 7573 7420 3139 3936 2220 ugust 1996" | |
| 185 0000018: 224d 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 "Manual page | |
| 186 0000024: 2066 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c for xxd"..\ | |
| 187 0000030: 220a 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d "..\" 21st M | |
| 188 000003c: 6179 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 ay 1996..\" | |
| 189 0000048: 4d61 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 Man page aut | |
| 190 0000054: 686f 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 hor:..\" | |
| 191 0000060: 546f 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 Tony Nugent | |
| 192 000006c: 3c74 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 <tony@sctnug | |
| 7 | 193 |
| 194 Display just the date from the file xxd.1 | |
| 36 | 195 % xxd -s 0x36 -l 13 -c 13 xxd.1 |
| 196 0000036: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 21st May 1996 | |
| 7 | 197 |
| 36 | 198 Copy input_file to output_file and prepend 100 bytes of value 0x00. |
| 7 | 199 % xxd input_file | xxd -r -s 100 > output_file |
| 200 | |
| 201 Patch the date in the file xxd.1 | |
| 810 | 202 % echo "0000037: 3574 68" | xxd -r - xxd.1 |
| 36 | 203 % xxd -s 0x36 -l 13 -c 13 xxd.1 |
| 204 0000036: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 25th May 1996 | |
| 7 | 205 |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
206 Create a 65537 byte file with all bytes 0x00, except for the last one |
| 36 | 207 which is 'A' (hex 0x41). |
| 810 | 208 % echo "010000: 41" | xxd -r > file |
| 7 | 209 |
| 210 Hexdump this file with autoskip. | |
| 211 % xxd -a -c 12 file | |
| 212 0000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ............ | |
| 213 * | |
| 214 000fffc: 0000 0000 40 ....A | |
| 215 | |
| 29352 | 216 Create a 1 byte file containing a single 'A' character. The number af‐ |
| 217 ter '-r -s' adds to the linenumbers found in the file; in effect, the | |
| 36 | 218 leading bytes are suppressed. |
| 810 | 219 % echo "010000: 41" | xxd -r -s -0x10000 > file |
| 7 | 220 |
| 36 | 221 Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to hexdump a region |
| 222 marked between `a' and `z'. | |
| 7 | 223 :'a,'z!xxd |
| 224 | |
| 36 | 225 Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to recover a binary |
| 226 hexdump marked between `a' and `z'. | |
| 7 | 227 :'a,'z!xxd -r |
| 228 | |
| 36 | 229 Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to recover one line |
| 230 of a hexdump. Move the cursor over the line and type: | |
| 7 | 231 !!xxd -r |
| 232 | |
| 233 Read single characters from a serial line | |
| 234 % xxd -c1 < /dev/term/b & | |
| 235 % stty < /dev/term/b -echo -opost -isig -icanon min 1 | |
| 236 % echo -n foo > /dev/term/b | |
| 237 | |
| 238 RETURN VALUES | |
| 239 The following error values are returned: | |
| 240 | |
| 241 0 no errors encountered. | |
| 242 | |
| 36 | 243 -1 operation not supported ( xxd -r -i still impossible). |
| 7 | 244 |
| 245 1 error while parsing options. | |
| 246 | |
| 247 2 problems with input file. | |
| 248 | |
| 249 3 problems with output file. | |
| 250 | |
| 251 4,5 desired seek position is unreachable. | |
| 252 | |
| 253 SEE ALSO | |
| 254 uuencode(1), uudecode(1), patch(1) | |
| 255 | |
| 256 WARNINGS | |
|
13571
362b27e3f702
patch 8.0.1658: capitalize argument not available in long form
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
6918
diff
changeset
|
257 The tools weirdness matches its creators brain. Use entirely at your |
| 36 | 258 own risk. Copy files. Trace it. Become a wizard. |
| 7 | 259 |
| 260 VERSION | |
| 261 This manual page documents xxd version 1.7 | |
| 262 | |
| 263 AUTHOR | |
| 264 (c) 1990-1997 by Juergen Weigert | |
| 265 <jnweiger@informatik.uni-erlangen.de> | |
| 266 | |
| 267 Distribute freely and credit me, | |
| 268 make money and share with me, | |
| 269 lose money and don't ask me. | |
| 270 | |
| 271 Manual page started by Tony Nugent | |
| 272 <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au> | |
| 36 | 273 Small changes by Bram Moolenaar. Edited by Juergen Weigert. |
| 7 | 274 |
| 36 | 275 Manual page for xxd August 1996 XXD(1) |