Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/usr_02.txt @ 33764:f2445075dbeb v9.0.2103
patch 9.0.2103: recursive callback may cause issues on some archs
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/2076463e383901cef44685aaf4b63e4306444f9e
Author: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
Date: Sun Nov 12 16:59:29 2023 +0100
patch 9.0.2103: recursive callback may cause issues on some archs
Problem: recursive callback may cause issues on some archs
Solution: Decrease the limit drastically to 20
Recursive callback limit causes problems on some architectures
Since commit 47510f3d6598a1218958c03ed11337a43b73f48d we have a test
that causes a recursive popup callback function to be executed. However
it seems the current limit of 'maxfuncdepth' option value is still too
recursive for some 32bit architectures (e.g. 32bit ARM).
So instead of allowing a default limit of 100 (default value for
'maxfuncdepth'), let's reduce this limit to 20. I don't think there is a
use case where one would need such a high recursive callback limit and a
limit of 20 seems reasonable (although it is currently hard-coded).
closes: #13495
closes: #13502
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sun, 12 Nov 2023 17:15:03 +0100 |
| parents | a9b5ffbc0428 |
| children | 4635e43f2c6f |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 29314 | 1 *usr_02.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2021 Apr 24 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 The first steps in Vim | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 This chapter provides just enough information to edit a file with Vim. Not | |
| 9 well or fast, but you can edit. Take some time to practice with these | |
| 10 commands, they form the base for what follows. | |
| 11 | |
| 12 |02.1| Running Vim for the First Time | |
| 13 |02.2| Inserting text | |
| 14 |02.3| Moving around | |
| 15 |02.4| Deleting characters | |
| 16 |02.5| Undo and Redo | |
| 17 |02.6| Other editing commands | |
| 18 |02.7| Getting out | |
| 19 |02.8| Finding help | |
| 20 | |
| 21 Next chapter: |usr_03.txt| Moving around | |
| 22 Previous chapter: |usr_01.txt| About the manuals | |
| 23 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 24 | |
| 25 ============================================================================== | |
| 26 *02.1* Running Vim for the First Time | |
| 27 | |
| 28 To start Vim, enter this command: > | |
| 29 | |
| 30 gvim file.txt | |
| 31 | |
| 32 In UNIX you can type this at any command prompt. If you are running Microsoft | |
| 18972 | 33 Windows, open a Command Prompt and enter the command. |
| 7 | 34 In either case, Vim starts editing a file called file.txt. Because this |
| 35 is a new file, you get a blank window. This is what your screen will look | |
| 36 like: | |
| 37 | |
| 38 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 39 |# | | |
| 40 |~ | | |
| 41 |~ | | |
| 42 |~ | | |
| 43 |~ | | |
| 44 |"file.txt" [New file] | | |
| 45 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 24387 | 46 ('#' is the cursor position.) |
| 7 | 47 |
| 48 The tilde (~) lines indicate lines not in the file. In other words, when Vim | |
| 49 runs out of file to display, it displays tilde lines. At the bottom of the | |
| 50 screen, a message line indicates the file is named file.txt and shows that you | |
| 51 are creating a new file. The message information is temporary and other | |
| 52 information overwrites it. | |
| 53 | |
| 54 | |
| 55 THE VIM COMMAND | |
| 56 | |
| 57 The gvim command causes the editor to create a new window for editing. If you | |
| 58 use this command: > | |
| 59 | |
| 60 vim file.txt | |
| 61 | |
| 62 the editing occurs inside your command window. In other words, if you are | |
| 63 running inside an xterm, the editor uses your xterm window. If you are using | |
| 18972 | 64 an MS-Windows command prompt window, the editing occurs inside this window. |
| 65 The text in the window will look the same for both versions, but with gvim you | |
| 66 have extra features, like a menu bar. More about that later. | |
| 7 | 67 |
| 68 ============================================================================== | |
| 69 *02.2* Inserting text | |
| 70 | |
| 71 The Vim editor is a modal editor. That means that the editor behaves | |
| 72 differently, depending on which mode you are in. The two basic modes are | |
| 73 called Normal mode and Insert mode. In Normal mode the characters you type | |
| 74 are commands. In Insert mode the characters are inserted as text. | |
| 75 Since you have just started Vim it will be in Normal mode. To start Insert | |
| 76 mode you type the "i" command (i for Insert). Then you can enter | |
| 77 the text. It will be inserted into the file. Do not worry if you make | |
| 78 mistakes; you can correct them later. To enter the following programmer's | |
| 79 limerick, this is what you type: > | |
| 80 | |
| 81 iA very intelligent turtle | |
| 82 Found programming UNIX a hurdle | |
| 83 | |
| 84 After typing "turtle" you press the <Enter> key to start a new line. Finally | |
| 85 you press the <Esc> key to stop Insert mode and go back to Normal mode. You | |
| 86 now have two lines of text in your Vim window: | |
| 87 | |
| 88 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 89 |A very intelligent turtle | | |
| 90 |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | | |
| 91 |~ | | |
| 92 |~ | | |
| 93 | | | |
| 94 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 95 | |
| 96 | |
| 97 WHAT IS THE MODE? | |
| 98 | |
| 99 To be able to see what mode you are in, type this command: > | |
| 100 | |
| 101 :set showmode | |
| 102 | |
| 103 You will notice that when typing the colon Vim moves the cursor to the last | |
| 104 line of the window. That's where you type colon commands (commands that start | |
| 105 with a colon). Finish this command by pressing the <Enter> key (all commands | |
| 106 that start with a colon are finished this way). | |
| 107 Now, if you type the "i" command Vim will display --INSERT-- at the bottom | |
| 108 of the window. This indicates you are in Insert mode. | |
| 109 | |
| 110 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 111 |A very intelligent turtle | | |
| 112 |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | | |
| 113 |~ | | |
| 114 |~ | | |
| 115 |-- INSERT -- | | |
| 116 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 117 | |
| 118 If you press <Esc> to go back to Normal mode the last line will be made blank. | |
| 119 | |
| 120 | |
| 121 GETTING OUT OF TROUBLE | |
| 122 | |
| 123 One of the problems for Vim novices is mode confusion, which is caused by | |
| 124 forgetting which mode you are in or by accidentally typing a command that | |
| 125 switches modes. To get back to Normal mode, no matter what mode you are in, | |
| 126 press the <Esc> key. Sometimes you have to press it twice. If Vim beeps back | |
| 127 at you, you already are in Normal mode. | |
| 128 | |
| 129 ============================================================================== | |
| 130 *02.3* Moving around | |
| 131 | |
| 132 After you return to Normal mode, you can move around by using these keys: | |
| 133 | |
| 134 h left *hjkl* | |
| 135 j down | |
| 136 k up | |
| 137 l right | |
| 138 | |
| 139 At first, it may appear that these commands were chosen at random. After all, | |
| 140 who ever heard of using l for right? But actually, there is a very good | |
| 141 reason for these choices: Moving the cursor is the most common thing you do in | |
| 142 an editor, and these keys are on the home row of your right hand. In other | |
| 143 words, these commands are placed where you can type them the fastest | |
| 144 (especially when you type with ten fingers). | |
| 145 | |
| 146 Note: | |
| 147 You can also move the cursor by using the arrow keys. If you do, | |
| 148 however, you greatly slow down your editing because to press the arrow | |
| 149 keys, you must move your hand from the text keys to the arrow keys. | |
| 150 Considering that you might be doing it hundreds of times an hour, this | |
| 151 can take a significant amount of time. | |
| 152 Also, there are keyboards which do not have arrow keys, or which | |
| 153 locate them in unusual places; therefore, knowing the use of the hjkl | |
| 154 keys helps in those situations. | |
| 155 | |
| 156 One way to remember these commands is that h is on the left, l is on the | |
| 157 right and j points down. In a picture: > | |
| 158 | |
| 159 k | |
| 160 h l | |
| 161 j | |
| 162 | |
| 163 The best way to learn these commands is by using them. Use the "i" command to | |
| 164 insert some more lines of text. Then use the hjkl keys to move around and | |
| 165 insert a word somewhere. Don't forget to press <Esc> to go back to Normal | |
| 166 mode. The |vimtutor| is also a nice way to learn by doing. | |
| 167 | |
| 168 For Japanese users, Hiroshi Iwatani suggested using this: | |
| 169 | |
| 170 Komsomolsk | |
| 171 ^ | |
| 172 | | |
| 173 Huan Ho <--- ---> Los Angeles | |
| 174 (Yellow river) | | |
| 175 v | |
| 176 Java (the island, not the programming language) | |
| 177 | |
| 178 ============================================================================== | |
| 179 *02.4* Deleting characters | |
| 180 | |
| 181 To delete a character, move the cursor over it and type "x". (This is a | |
| 182 throwback to the old days of the typewriter, when you deleted things by typing | |
| 183 xxxx over them.) Move the cursor to the beginning of the first line, for | |
| 184 example, and type xxxxxxx (seven x's) to delete "A very ". The result should | |
| 185 look like this: | |
| 186 | |
| 187 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 188 |intelligent turtle | | |
| 189 |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | | |
| 190 |~ | | |
| 191 |~ | | |
| 192 | | | |
| 193 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 194 | |
| 195 Now you can insert new text, for example by typing: > | |
| 196 | |
| 197 iA young <Esc> | |
| 198 | |
| 199 This begins an insert (the i), inserts the words "A young", and then exits | |
| 200 insert mode (the final <Esc>). The result: | |
| 201 | |
| 202 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 203 |A young intelligent turtle | | |
| 204 |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | | |
| 205 |~ | | |
| 206 |~ | | |
| 207 | | | |
| 208 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 209 | |
| 210 | |
| 211 DELETING A LINE | |
| 212 | |
| 213 To delete a whole line use the "dd" command. The following line will | |
| 214 then move up to fill the gap: | |
| 215 | |
| 216 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 217 |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | | |
| 218 |~ | | |
| 219 |~ | | |
| 220 |~ | | |
| 221 | | | |
| 222 +---------------------------------------+ | |
| 223 | |
| 224 | |
| 225 DELETING A LINE BREAK | |
| 226 | |
| 227 In Vim you can join two lines together, which means that the line break | |
| 228 between them is deleted. The "J" command does this. | |
| 229 Take these two lines: | |
| 230 | |
| 231 A young intelligent ~ | |
| 232 turtle ~ | |
| 233 | |
| 234 Move the cursor to the first line and press "J": | |
| 235 | |
| 236 A young intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 237 | |
| 238 ============================================================================== | |
| 239 *02.5* Undo and Redo | |
| 240 | |
| 241 Suppose you delete too much. Well, you can type it in again, but an easier | |
| 242 way exists. The "u" command undoes the last edit. Take a look at this in | |
| 243 action: After using "dd" to delete the first line, "u" brings it back. | |
| 244 Another one: Move the cursor to the A in the first line: | |
| 245 | |
| 246 A young intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 247 | |
| 248 Now type xxxxxxx to delete "A young". The result is as follows: | |
| 249 | |
| 250 intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 251 | |
| 252 Type "u" to undo the last delete. That delete removed the g, so the undo | |
| 253 restores the character. | |
| 254 | |
| 255 g intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 256 | |
| 18719 | 257 The next "u" command restores the next-to-last character deleted: |
| 7 | 258 |
| 259 ng intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 260 | |
| 18719 | 261 The next "u" command gives you the u, and so on: |
| 7 | 262 |
| 263 ung intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 264 oung intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 265 young intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 266 young intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 267 A young intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 268 | |
| 269 Note: | |
| 270 If you type "u" twice, and the result is that you get the same text | |
| 271 back, you have Vim configured to work Vi compatible. Look here to fix | |
| 272 this: |not-compatible|. | |
| 273 This text assumes you work "The Vim Way". You might prefer to use | |
| 274 the good old Vi way, but you will have to watch out for small | |
| 275 differences in the text then. | |
| 276 | |
| 277 | |
| 278 REDO | |
| 279 | |
| 280 If you undo too many times, you can press CTRL-R (redo) to reverse the | |
| 281 preceding command. In other words, it undoes the undo. To see this in | |
| 282 action, press CTRL-R twice. The character A and the space after it disappear: | |
| 283 | |
| 284 young intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 285 | |
| 286 There's a special version of the undo command, the "U" (undo line) command. | |
| 287 The undo line command undoes all the changes made on the last line that was | |
| 288 edited. Typing this command twice cancels the preceding "U". | |
| 289 | |
| 290 A very intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 291 xxxx Delete very | |
| 292 | |
| 293 A intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 294 xxxxxx Delete turtle | |
| 295 | |
| 296 A intelligent ~ | |
| 297 Restore line with "U" | |
| 298 A very intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 299 Undo "U" with "u" | |
| 300 A intelligent ~ | |
| 301 | |
| 302 The "U" command is a change by itself, which the "u" command undoes and CTRL-R | |
| 303 redoes. This might be a bit confusing. Don't worry, with "u" and CTRL-R you | |
|
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304 can go to any of the situations you had. More about that in section |32.2|. |
| 7 | 305 |
| 306 ============================================================================== | |
| 307 *02.6* Other editing commands | |
| 308 | |
| 309 Vim has a large number of commands to change the text. See |Q_in| and below. | |
| 310 Here are a few often used ones. | |
| 311 | |
| 312 | |
| 313 APPENDING | |
| 314 | |
| 315 The "i" command inserts a character before the character under the cursor. | |
| 316 That works fine; but what happens if you want to add stuff to the end of the | |
| 317 line? For that you need to insert text after the cursor. This is done with | |
| 318 the "a" (append) command. | |
| 319 For example, to change the line | |
| 320 | |
| 321 and that's not saying much for the turtle. ~ | |
| 322 to | |
| 323 and that's not saying much for the turtle!!! ~ | |
| 324 | |
| 325 move the cursor over to the dot at the end of the line. Then type "x" to | |
| 326 delete the period. The cursor is now positioned at the end of the line on the | |
| 327 e in turtle. Now type > | |
| 328 | |
| 329 a!!!<Esc> | |
| 330 | |
| 331 to append three exclamation points after the e in turtle: | |
| 332 | |
| 333 and that's not saying much for the turtle!!! ~ | |
| 334 | |
| 335 | |
| 336 OPENING UP A NEW LINE | |
| 337 | |
| 338 The "o" command creates a new, empty line below the cursor and puts Vim in | |
| 339 Insert mode. Then you can type the text for the new line. | |
| 340 Suppose the cursor is somewhere in the first of these two lines: | |
| 341 | |
| 342 A very intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 343 Found programming UNIX a hurdle ~ | |
| 344 | |
| 345 If you now use the "o" command and type new text: > | |
| 346 | |
| 347 oThat liked using Vim<Esc> | |
| 348 | |
| 349 The result is: | |
| 350 | |
| 351 A very intelligent turtle ~ | |
| 352 That liked using Vim ~ | |
| 353 Found programming UNIX a hurdle ~ | |
| 354 | |
| 355 The "O" command (uppercase) opens a line above the cursor. | |
| 356 | |
| 357 | |
| 358 USING A COUNT | |
| 359 | |
| 360 Suppose you want to move up nine lines. You can type "kkkkkkkkk" or you can | |
| 361 enter the command "9k". In fact, you can precede many commands with a number. | |
| 362 Earlier in this chapter, for instance, you added three exclamation points to | |
| 363 the end of a line by typing "a!!!<Esc>". Another way to do this is to use the | |
| 364 command "3a!<Esc>". The count of 3 tells the command that follows to triple | |
| 365 its effect. Similarly, to delete three characters, use the command "3x". The | |
| 366 count always comes before the command it applies to. | |
| 367 | |
| 368 ============================================================================== | |
| 369 *02.7* Getting out | |
| 370 | |
| 371 To exit, use the "ZZ" command. This command writes the file and exits. | |
| 372 | |
| 373 Note: | |
| 374 Unlike many other editors, Vim does not automatically make a backup | |
| 375 file. If you type "ZZ", your changes are committed and there's no | |
| 376 turning back. You can configure the Vim editor to produce backup | |
| 18719 | 377 files; see |07.4|. |
| 7 | 378 |
| 379 | |
| 380 DISCARDING CHANGES | |
| 381 | |
| 382 Sometimes you will make a sequence of changes and suddenly realize you were | |
| 383 better off before you started. Not to worry; Vim has a | |
| 384 quit-and-throw-things-away command. It is: > | |
| 385 | |
| 386 :q! | |
| 387 | |
| 388 Don't forget to press <Enter> to finish the command. | |
| 389 | |
| 390 For those of you interested in the details, the three parts of this command | |
| 391 are the colon (:), which enters Command-line mode; the q command, which tells | |
| 392 the editor to quit; and the override command modifier (!). | |
| 393 The override command modifier is needed because Vim is reluctant to throw | |
| 394 away changes. If you were to just type ":q", Vim would display an error | |
| 395 message and refuse to exit: | |
| 396 | |
| 397 E37: No write since last change (use ! to override) ~ | |
| 398 | |
| 399 By specifying the override, you are in effect telling Vim, "I know that what | |
| 18719 | 400 I'm doing looks stupid, but I really want to do this." |
| 7 | 401 |
| 402 If you want to continue editing with Vim: The ":e!" command reloads the | |
| 403 original version of the file. | |
| 404 | |
| 405 ============================================================================== | |
| 406 *02.8* Finding help | |
| 407 | |
| 408 Everything you always wanted to know can be found in the Vim help files. | |
| 409 Don't be afraid to ask! | |
|
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410 |
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411 If you know what you are looking for, it is usually easier to search for it |
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412 using the help system, instead of using Google. Because the subjects follow |
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413 a certain style guide. |
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414 |
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415 Also the help has the advantage of belonging to your particular Vim version. |
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416 You won't see help for commands added later. These would not work for you. |
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417 |
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commit https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/345efa013dc6d1754ba06e5596a26c48c9935937
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418 To get generic help use this command: > |
| 7 | 419 |
| 420 :help | |
| 421 | |
| 422 You could also use the first function key <F1>. If your keyboard has a <Help> | |
| 423 key it might work as well. | |
| 424 If you don't supply a subject, ":help" displays the general help window. | |
| 425 The creators of Vim did something very clever (or very lazy) with the help | |
| 426 system: They made the help window a normal editing window. You can use all | |
| 427 the normal Vim commands to move through the help information. Therefore h, j, | |
| 428 k, and l move left, down, up and right. | |
| 429 To get out of the help window, use the same command you use to get out of | |
| 430 the editor: "ZZ". This will only close the help window, not exit Vim. | |
| 431 | |
| 432 As you read the help text, you will notice some text enclosed in vertical bars | |
| 433 (for example, |help|). This indicates a hyperlink. If you position the | |
| 434 cursor anywhere between the bars and press CTRL-] (jump to tag), the help | |
| 236 | 435 system takes you to the indicated subject. (For reasons not discussed here, |
| 7 | 436 the Vim terminology for a hyperlink is tag. So CTRL-] jumps to the location |
| 437 of the tag given by the word under the cursor.) | |
| 438 After a few jumps, you might want to go back. CTRL-T (pop tag) takes you | |
| 439 back to the preceding position. CTRL-O (jump to older position) also works | |
| 440 nicely here. | |
| 441 At the top of the help screen, there is the notation *help.txt*. This name | |
| 442 between "*" characters is used by the help system to define a tag (hyperlink | |
| 443 destination). | |
| 444 See |29.1| for details about using tags. | |
| 445 | |
| 446 To get help on a given subject, use the following command: > | |
| 447 | |
| 448 :help {subject} | |
| 449 | |
| 450 To get help on the "x" command, for example, enter the following: > | |
| 451 | |
| 452 :help x | |
| 453 | |
| 454 To find out how to delete text, use this command: > | |
| 455 | |
| 456 :help deleting | |
| 457 | |
| 458 To get a complete index of all Vim commands, use the following command: > | |
| 459 | |
| 460 :help index | |
| 461 | |
| 462 When you need to get help for a control character command (for example, | |
| 463 CTRL-A), you need to spell it with the prefix "CTRL-". > | |
| 464 | |
| 465 :help CTRL-A | |
| 466 | |
| 467 The Vim editor has many different modes. By default, the help system displays | |
| 468 the normal-mode commands. For example, the following command displays help | |
| 469 for the normal-mode CTRL-H command: > | |
| 470 | |
| 471 :help CTRL-H | |
| 472 | |
| 473 To identify other modes, use a mode prefix. If you want the help for the | |
| 474 insert-mode version of a command, use "i_". For CTRL-H this gives you the | |
| 475 following command: > | |
| 476 | |
| 477 :help i_CTRL-H | |
| 478 | |
| 479 When you start the Vim editor, you can use several command-line arguments. | |
| 480 These all begin with a dash (-). To find what the -t argument does, for | |
| 481 example, use the command: > | |
| 482 | |
| 483 :help -t | |
| 484 | |
| 485 The Vim editor has a number of options that enable you to configure and | |
| 486 customize the editor. If you want help for an option, you need to enclose it | |
| 487 in single quotation marks. To find out what the 'number' option does, for | |
| 488 example, use the following command: > | |
| 489 | |
| 490 :help 'number' | |
| 491 | |
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492 The table with all mode prefixes can be found below: |help-summary|. |
| 7 | 493 |
| 236 | 494 Special keys are enclosed in angle brackets. To find help on the up-arrow key |
| 7 | 495 in Insert mode, for instance, use this command: > |
| 496 | |
| 497 :help i_<Up> | |
| 498 | |
| 499 If you see an error message that you don't understand, for example: | |
| 500 | |
| 501 E37: No write since last change (use ! to override) ~ | |
| 502 | |
| 503 You can use the error ID at the start to find help about it: > | |
| 504 | |
| 505 :help E37 | |
| 506 | |
| 1121 | 507 |
| 32004 | 508 Summary: *help-summary* > |
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509 |
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510 1) Use Ctrl-D after typing a topic and let Vim show all available topics. |
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511 Or press Tab to complete: > |
| 19180 | 512 :help some<Tab> |
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513 < More information on how to use the help: > |
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514 :help helphelp |
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515 |
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516 2) Follow the links in bars to related help. You can go from the detailed |
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517 help to the user documentation, which describes certain commands more from |
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518 a user perspective and less detailed. E.g. after: > |
| 19180 | 519 :help pattern.txt |
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520 < You can see the user guide topics |03.9| and |usr_27.txt| in the |
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521 introduction. |
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522 |
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523 3) Options are enclosed in single apostrophes. To go to the help topic for the |
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524 list option: > |
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525 :help 'list' |
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526 < If you only know you are looking for a certain option, you can also do: > |
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527 :help options.txt |
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528 < to open the help page which describes all option handling and then search |
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529 using regular expressions, e.g. textwidth. |
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530 Certain options have their own namespace, e.g.: > |
| 19180 | 531 :help cpo-<letter> |
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532 < for the corresponding flag of the 'cpoptions' settings, substitute <letter> |
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533 by a specific flag, e.g.: > |
| 19180 | 534 :help cpo-; |
| 24569 | 535 < And for the 'guioptions' flags: > |
| 19180 | 536 :help go-<letter> |
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537 |
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538 4) Normal mode commands do not have a prefix. To go to the help page for the |
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539 "gt" command: > |
| 19180 | 540 :help gt |
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541 |
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542 5) Insert mode commands start with i_. Help for deleting a word: > |
| 19180 | 543 :help i_CTRL-W |
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544 |
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545 6) Visual mode commands start with v_. Help for jumping to the other side of |
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546 the Visual area: > |
| 19180 | 547 :help v_o |
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548 |
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549 7) Command line editing and arguments start with c_. Help for using the |
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550 command argument %: > |
| 19180 | 551 :help c_% |
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552 |
| 18719 | 553 8) Ex-commands always start with ":", so to go to the ":s" command help: > |
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554 :help :s |
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555 |
| 11160 | 556 9) Commands specifically for debugging start with ">". To go to the help |
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557 for the "cont" debug command: > |
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558 :help >cont |
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559 |
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560 10) Key combinations. They usually start with a single letter indicating |
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561 the mode for which they can be used. E.g.: > |
| 19180 | 562 :help i_CTRL-X |
| 18719 | 563 < takes you to the family of CTRL-X commands for insert mode which can be |
| 564 used to auto-complete different things. Note, that certain keys will | |
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565 always be written the same, e.g. Control will always be CTRL. |
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566 For normal mode commands there is no prefix and the topic is available at |
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567 :h CTRL-<Letter>. E.g. > |
| 19180 | 568 :help CTRL-W |
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569 < In contrast > |
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570 :help c_CTRL-R |
| 18719 | 571 < will describe what the CTRL-R does when entering commands in the Command |
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572 line and > |
| 19180 | 573 :help v_CTRL-A |
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574 < talks about incrementing numbers in visual mode and > |
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575 :help g_CTRL-A |
| 18719 | 576 < talks about the "g<C-A>" command (e.g. you have to press "g" then |
| 19180 | 577 <CTRL-A>). Here the "g" stands for the normal command "g" which always |
| 18719 | 578 expects a second key before doing something similar to the commands |
| 19180 | 579 starting with "z". |
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580 |
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581 11) Regexp items always start with /. So to get help for the "\+" quantifier |
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582 in Vim regexes: > |
| 19180 | 583 :help /\+ |
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584 < If you need to know everything about regular expressions, start reading |
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585 at: > |
| 19180 | 586 :help pattern.txt |
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587 |
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588 12) Registers always start with "quote". To find out about the special ":" |
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589 register: > |
| 19180 | 590 :help quote: |
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591 |
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592 13) Vim script is available at > |
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593 :help eval.txt |
| 19180 | 594 < Certain aspects of the language are available at :h expr-X where "X" is a |
| 595 single letter. E.g. > | |
| 596 :help expr-! | |
| 597 < will take you to the topic describing the "!" (Not) operator for Vim | |
| 598 script. | |
| 599 Also important is > | |
| 600 :help function-list | |
| 601 < to find a short description of all functions available. Help topics for | |
| 602 Vim script functions always include the "()", so: > | |
| 603 :help append() | |
| 604 < talks about the append Vim script function rather than how to append text | |
| 605 in the current buffer. | |
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606 |
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607 14) Mappings are talked about in the help page :h |map.txt|. Use > |
| 19180 | 608 :help mapmode-i |
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609 < to find out about the |:imap| command. Also use :map-topic |
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610 to find out about certain subtopics particular for mappings. e.g: > |
| 19180 | 611 :help :map-local |
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612 < for buffer-local mappings or > |
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613 :help map-bar |
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614 < for how the '|' is handled in mappings. |
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615 |
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616 15) Command definitions are talked about :h command-topic, so use > |
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617 :help command-bar |
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618 < to find out about the '!' argument for custom commands. |
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619 |
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620 16) Window management commands always start with CTRL-W, so you find the |
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621 corresponding help at :h CTRL-W_letter. E.g. > |
| 19180 | 622 :help CTRL-W_p |
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623 < for moving the previous accessed window. You can also access > |
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624 :help windows.txt |
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625 < and read your way through if you are looking for window handling |
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626 commands. |
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627 |
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628 17) Use |:helpgrep| to search in all help pages (and also of any installed |
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629 plugins). See |:helpgrep| for how to use it. |
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630 To search for a topic: > |
| 19180 | 631 :helpgrep topic |
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632 < This takes you to the first match. To go to the next one: > |
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633 :cnext |
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634 < All matches are available in the quickfix window which can be opened |
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635 with: > |
| 19180 | 636 :copen |
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637 < Move around to the match you like and press Enter to jump to that help. |
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638 |
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639 18) The user manual. This describes help topics for beginners in a rather |
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640 friendly way. Start at |usr_toc.txt| to find the table of content (as you |
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641 might have guessed): > |
| 19180 | 642 :help usr_toc.txt |
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643 < Skim over the contents to find interesting topics. The "Digraphs" and |
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644 "Entering special characters" items are in chapter 24, so to go to that |
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645 particular help page: > |
| 19180 | 646 :help usr_24.txt |
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647 < Also if you want to access a certain chapter in the help, the chapter |
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648 number can be accessed directly like this: > |
| 19180 | 649 :help 10.1 |
| 18719 | 650 < which goes to chapter 10.1 in |usr_10.txt| and talks about recording |
| 651 macros. | |
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652 |
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653 19) Highlighting groups. Always start with hl-groupname. E.g. > |
| 19180 | 654 :help hl-WarningMsg |
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655 < talks about the WarningMsg highlighting group. |
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656 |
| 18719 | 657 20) Syntax highlighting is namespaced to :syn-topic. E.g. > |
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658 :help :syn-conceal |
| 18719 | 659 < talks about the conceal argument for the ":syn" command. |
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660 |
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661 21) Quickfix commands usually start with :c while location list commands |
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662 usually start with :l |
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663 |
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664 22) Autocommand events can be found by their name: > |
| 19180 | 665 :help BufWinLeave |
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666 < To see all possible events: > |
| 11062 | 667 :help autocommand-events |
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668 |
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669 23) Command-line switches always start with "-". So for the help of the -f |
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670 command switch of Vim use: > |
| 19180 | 671 :help -f |
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672 |
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673 24) Optional features always start with "+". To find out about the |
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674 conceal feature use: > |
| 19180 | 675 :help +conceal |
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676 |
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677 25) Documentation for included filetype specific functionality is usually |
| 19180 | 678 available in the form ft-<filetype>-<functionality>. So > |
| 679 :help ft-c-syntax | |
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680 < talks about the C syntax file and the option it provides. Sometimes, |
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681 additional sections for omni completion > |
| 19180 | 682 :help ft-php-omni |
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683 < or filetype plugins > |
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684 :help ft-tex-plugin |
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685 < are available. |
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686 |
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687 26) Error and Warning codes can be looked up directly in the help. So > |
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688 :help E297 |
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689 < takes you exactly to the description of the swap error message and > |
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690 :help W10 |
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691 < talks about the warning "Changing a readonly file". |
| 18719 | 692 Sometimes, however, those error codes are not described, but rather are |
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693 listed at the Vim command that usually causes this. So: > |
| 19180 | 694 :help E128 |
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695 < takes you to the |:function| command |
| 1121 | 696 |
| 697 | |
| 7 | 698 ============================================================================== |
| 699 | |
| 700 Next chapter: |usr_03.txt| Moving around | |
| 701 | |
| 14519 | 702 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |