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annotate src/README.md @ 16309:f21de4c36152

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Added tag v8.1.1159 for changeset 6400235ca4ad0400059a20ad2c6c255d73bbac58
author Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
date Fri, 12 Apr 2019 21:30:05 +0200
parents e12336bb8ced
children 3fc956fc63b6
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rev   line source
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1 ![Vim Logo](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/runtime/vimlogo.gif)
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2
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3 # Vim source code #
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4
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5 Here are a few hints for finding your way around the source code. This
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6 doesn't make it less complex than it is, but it gets you started.
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7
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8 You might also want to read
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9 [`:help development`](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/develop.html#development).
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10
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11
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12 ## Jumping around ##
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13
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14 First of all, use `:make tags` to generate a tags file, so that you can jump
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15 around in the source code.
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16
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17 To jump to a function or variable definition, move the cursor on the name and
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18 use the `CTRL-]` command. Use `CTRL-T` or `CTRL-O` to jump back.
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19
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20 To jump to a file, move the cursor on its name and use the `gf` command.
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22 Most code can be found in a file with an obvious name (incomplete list):
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24 File name | Description
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25 --------- | -----------
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26 autocmd.c | autocommands
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27 buffer.c | manipulating buffers (loaded files)
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28 diff.c | diff mode (vimdiff)
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29 eval.c | expression evaluation
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30 fileio.c | reading and writing files
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31 findfile.c | search for files in 'path'
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32 fold.c | folding
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33 getchar.c | getting characters and key mapping
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34 indent.c | C and Lisp indentation
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35 insexpand.c | Insert mode completion
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36 mark.c | marks
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37 mbyte.c | multi-byte character handling
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38 memfile.c | storing lines for buffers in a swapfile
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39 memline.c | storing lines for buffers in memory
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40 menu.c | menus
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41 message.c | (error) messages
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42 ops.c | handling operators ("d", "y", "p")
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43 option.c | options
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44 quickfix.c | quickfix commands (":make", ":cn")
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45 regexp.c | pattern matching
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46 screen.c | updating the windows
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47 search.c | pattern searching
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48 sign.c | signs
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49 spell.c | spell checking
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50 syntax.c | syntax and other highlighting
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51 tag.c | tags
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52 term.c | terminal handling, termcap codes
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53 undo.c | undo and redo
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54 window.c | handling split windows
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55
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56
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57 ## Debugging ##
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58
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59 If you have a reasonable recent version of gdb, you can use the `:Termdebug`
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60 command to debug Vim. See `:help :Termdebug`.
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61
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62 When something is time critical or stepping through code is a hassle, use the
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63 channel logging to create a time-stamped log file. Add lines to the code like
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64 this:
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65
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66 ch_log(NULL, "Value is now %02x", value);
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67
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68 After compiling and starting Vim, do:
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69
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70 :call ch_logfile('debuglog', 'w')
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71
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72 And edit `debuglog` to see what happens. The channel functions already have
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73 `ch_log()` calls, thus you always see that in the log.
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74
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75
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76 ## Important Variables ##
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77
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78 The current mode is stored in `State`. The values it can have are `NORMAL`,
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79 `INSERT`, `CMDLINE`, and a few others.
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80
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81 The current window is `curwin`. The current buffer is `curbuf`. These point
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82 to structures with the cursor position in the window, option values, the file
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83 name, etc. These are defined in
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84 [`structs.h`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/globals.h).
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85
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86 All the global variables are declared in
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87 [`globals.h`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/structs.h).
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88
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89
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90 ## The main loop ##
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91
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92 This is conveniently called `main_loop()`. It updates a few things and then
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93 calls `normal_cmd()` to process a command. This returns when the command is
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94 finished.
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95
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96 The basic idea is that Vim waits for the user to type a character and
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97 processes it until another character is needed. Thus there are several places
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98 where Vim waits for a character to be typed. The `vgetc()` function is used
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99 for this. It also handles mapping.
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100
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101 Updating the screen is mostly postponed until a command or a sequence of
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102 commands has finished. The work is done by `update_screen()`, which calls
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103 `win_update()` for every window, which calls `win_line()` for every line.
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104 See the start of
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105 [`screen.c`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/screen.c)
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106 for more explanations.
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107
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108
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109 ## Command-line mode ##
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110
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111 When typing a `:`, `normal_cmd()` will call `getcmdline()` to obtain a line
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112 with an Ex command. `getcmdline()` contains a loop that will handle each typed
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113 character. It returns when hitting `CR` or `Esc` or some other character that
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114 ends the command line mode.
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115
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116
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117 ## Ex commands ##
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118
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119 Ex commands are handled by the function `do_cmdline()`. It does the generic
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120 parsing of the `:` command line and calls `do_one_cmd()` for each separate
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121 command. It also takes care of while loops.
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122
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123 `do_one_cmd()` parses the range and generic arguments and puts them in the
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124 `exarg_t` and passes it to the function that handles the command.
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125
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126 The `:` commands are listed in `ex_cmds.h`. The third entry of each item is
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127 the name of the function that handles the command. The last entry are the
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128 flags that are used for the command.
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129
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130
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131 ## Normal mode commands ##
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132
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133 The Normal mode commands are handled by the `normal_cmd()` function. It also
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134 handles the optional count and an extra character for some commands. These
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135 are passed in a `cmdarg_t` to the function that handles the command.
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136
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137 There is a table `nv_cmds` in
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138 [`normal.c`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/normal.c)
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139 which lists the first character of every command. The second entry of each
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140 item is the name of the function that handles the command.
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141
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142
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143 ## Insert mode commands ##
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144
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145 When doing an `i` or `a` command, `normal_cmd()` will call the `edit()`
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146 function. It contains a loop that waits for the next character and handles it.
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147 It returns when leaving Insert mode.
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148
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149
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150 ## Options ##
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151
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152 There is a list with all option names in
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153 [`option.c`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/option.c),
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154 called `options[]`.
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155
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156
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157 ## The GUI ##
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158
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159 Most of the GUI code is implemented like it was a clever terminal. Typing a
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160 character, moving a scrollbar, clicking the mouse, etc. are all translated
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161 into events which are written in the input buffer. These are read by the
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162 main code, just like reading from a terminal. The code for this is scattered
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163 through [`gui.c`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/src/gui.c).
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164 For example, `gui_send_mouse_event()` for a mouse click and `gui_menu_cb()` for
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165 a menu action. Key hits are handled by the system-specific GUI code, which
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166 calls `add_to_input_buf()` to send the key code.
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167
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168 Updating the GUI window is done by writing codes in the output buffer, just
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169 like writing to a terminal. When the buffer gets full or is flushed,
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170 `gui_write()` will parse the codes and draw the appropriate items. Finally the
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171 system-specific GUI code will be called to do the work.
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172
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173
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174 ## Debugging the GUI ##
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175
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176 Remember to prevent that gvim forks and the debugger thinks Vim has exited,
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177 add the `-f` argument. In gdb: `run -f -g`.
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178
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179 When stepping through display updating code, the focus event is triggered
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180 when going from the debugger to Vim and back. To avoid this, recompile with
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181 some code in `gui_focus_change()` disabled.
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182
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183
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184 ## Contributing ##
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185
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186 If you would like to help making Vim better, see the
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187 [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
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188 file.
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189
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190
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191 This is `README.md` for version 8.1 of the Vim source code.