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1 *change.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2006 Mar 06
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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6
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7 This file describes commands that delete or change text. In this context,
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8 changing text means deleting the text and replacing it with other text using
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9 one command. You can undo all of these commands. You can repeat the non-Ex
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10 commands with the "." command.
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11
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12 1. Deleting text |deleting|
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13 2. Delete and insert |delete-insert|
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14 3. Simple changes |simple-change| *changing*
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15 4. Complex changes |complex-change|
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32
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16 4.1 Filter commands |filter|
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17 4.2 Substitute |:substitute|
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18 4.3 Search and replace |search-replace|
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19 4.4 Changing tabs |change-tabs|
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7
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20 5. Copying and moving text |copy-move|
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21 6. Formatting text |formatting|
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282
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22 7. Sorting text |sorting|
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23
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24 For inserting text see |insert.txt|.
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25
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26 ==============================================================================
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27 1. Deleting text *deleting* *E470*
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28
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29 ["x]<Del> or *<Del>* *x* *dl*
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30 ["x]x Delete [count] characters under and after the cursor
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31 [into register x] (not |linewise|). Does the same as
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32 "dl".
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33 The <Del> key does not take a [count]. Instead, it
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34 deletes the last character of the count.
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35 See |:fixdel| if the <Del> key does not do what you
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36 want. See |'whichwrap'| for deleting a line break
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37 (join lines). {Vi does not support <Del>}
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38
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39 *X* *dh*
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40 ["x]X Delete [count] characters before the cursor [into
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41 register x] (not |linewise|). Does the same as "dh".
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42 Also see |'whichwrap'|.
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43
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44 *d*
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45 ["x]d{motion} Delete text that {motion} moves over [into register
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46 x]. See below for exceptions.
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47
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48 *dd*
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49 ["x]dd Delete [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|.
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50
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51 *D*
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52 ["x]D Delete the characters under the cursor until the end
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53 of the line and [count]-1 more lines [into register
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54 x]; synonym for "d$".
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55 (not |linewise|)
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164
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56 When the '#' flag is in 'cpoptions' the count is
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57 ignored.
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58
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59 {Visual}["x]x or *v_x* *v_d* *v_<Del>*
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60 {Visual}["x]d or
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61 {Visual}["x]<Del> Delete the highlighted text [into register x] (for
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62 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
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63
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64 {Visual}["x]CTRL-H or *v_CTRL-H* *v_<BS>*
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65 {Visual}["x]<BS> When in Select mode: Delete the highlighted text [into
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66 register x].
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67
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68 {Visual}["x]X or *v_X* *v_D* *v_b_D*
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69 {Visual}["x]D Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] (for
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70 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). In Visual block mode,
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71 "D" deletes the highlighted text plus all text until
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72 the end of the line. {not in Vi}
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73
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74 *:d* *:de* *:del* *:delete*
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75 :[range]d[elete] [x] Delete [range] lines (default: current line) [into
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76 register x].
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77
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78 :[range]d[elete] [x] {count}
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79 Delete {count} lines, starting with [range]
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80 (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|) [into
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81 register x].
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82
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83 These commands delete text. You can repeat them with the "." command
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84 (except ":d") and undo them. Use Visual mode to delete blocks of text. See
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85 |registers| for an explanation of registers.
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86
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87 An exception for the d{motion} command: If the motion is not linewise, the
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88 start and end of the motion are not in the same line, and there are only
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89 blanks before the start and after the end of the motion, the delete becomes
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90 linewise. This means that the delete also removes the line of blanks that you
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91 might expect to remain.
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92
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93 Trying to delete an empty region of text (e.g., "d0" in the first column)
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94 is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag.
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95
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96 *J*
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97 J Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines.
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98 Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces (see
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99 below).
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100
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101 *v_J*
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102 {Visual}J Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two
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103 lines. Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces
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104 (see below). {not in Vi}
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105
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106 *gJ*
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107 gJ Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines.
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108 Don't insert or remove any spaces. {not in Vi}
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109
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110 *v_gJ*
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111 {Visual}gJ Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two
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112 lines. Don't insert or remove any spaces. {not in
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113 Vi}
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114
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115 *:j* *:join*
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168
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116 :[range]j[oin][!] [flags]
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117 Join [range] lines. Same as "J", except with [!]
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118 the join does not insert or delete any spaces.
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119 If a [range] has equal start and end values, this
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120 command does nothing. The default behavior is to
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121 join the current line with the line below it.
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122 {not in Vi: !}
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168
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123 See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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124
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168
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125 :[range]j[oin][!] {count} [flags]
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126 Join {count} lines, starting with [range] (default:
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127 current line |cmdline-ranges|). Same as "J", except
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128 with [!] the join does not insert or delete any
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129 spaces.
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130 {not in Vi: !}
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168
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131 See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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132
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133 These commands delete the <EOL> between lines. This has the effect of joining
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134 multiple lines into one line. You can repeat these commands (except ":j") and
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135 undo them.
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136
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137 These commands, except "gJ", insert one space in place of the <EOL> unless
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138 there is trailing white space or the next line starts with a ')'. These
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139 commands, except "gJ", delete any leading white space on the next line. If
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140 the 'joinspaces' option is on, these commands insert two spaces after a '.',
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141 '!' or '?' (but if 'cpoptions' includes the 'j' flag, they insert two spaces
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142 only after a '.').
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143 The 'B' and 'M' flags in 'formatoptions' change the behavior for inserting
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144 spaces before and after a multi-byte character |fo-table|.
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145
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146
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147 ==============================================================================
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148 2. Delete and insert *delete-insert* *replacing*
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149
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150 *R*
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151 R Enter Replace mode: Each character you type replaces
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152 an existing character, starting with the character
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153 under the cursor. Repeat the entered text [count]-1
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154 times. See |Replace-mode| for more details.
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155
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156 *gR*
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157 gR Enter Virtual Replace mode: Each character you type
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158 replaces existing characters in screen space. So a
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159 <Tab> may replace several characters at once.
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160 Repeat the entered text [count]-1 times. See
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161 |Virtual-Replace-mode| for more details.
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162 {not available when compiled without the +vreplace
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163 feature}
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164
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165 *c*
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166 ["x]c{motion} Delete {motion} text [into register x] and start
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167 insert. When 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag and
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168 there is no text to delete (e.g., with "cTx" when the
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169 cursor is just after an 'x'), an error occurs and
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170 insert mode does not start (this is Vi compatible).
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171 When 'cpoptions' does not include the 'E' flag, the
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172 "c" command always starts insert mode, even if there
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173 is no text to delete.
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174
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175 *cc*
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176 ["x]cc Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start
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177 insert |linewise|. If 'autoindent' is on, preserve
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178 the indent of the first line.
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179
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180 *C*
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181 ["x]C Delete from the cursor position to the end of the
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182 line and [count]-1 more lines [into register x], and
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183 start insert. Synonym for c$ (not |linewise|).
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184
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185 *s*
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186 ["x]s Delete [count] characters [into register x] and start
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187 insert (s stands for Substitute). Synonym for "cl"
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188 (not |linewise|).
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189
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190 *S*
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191 ["x]S Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start
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192 insert. Synonym for "cc" |linewise|.
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193
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194 {Visual}["x]c or *v_c* *v_s*
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195 {Visual}["x]s Delete the highlighted text [into register x] and
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196 start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not
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197 in Vi}
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198
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199 *v_r*
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200 {Visual}["x]r{char} Replace all selected characters by {char}.
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201
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202 *v_C*
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203 {Visual}["x]C Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and
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204 start insert. In Visual block mode it works
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205 differently |v_b_C|. {not in Vi}
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206 *v_S*
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207 {Visual}["x]S Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and
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208 start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not
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209 in Vi}
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210 *v_R*
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211 {Visual}["x]R Currently just like {Visual}["x]S. In a next version
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212 it might work differently. {not in Vi}
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213
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214 Notes:
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215 - You can end Insert and Replace mode with <Esc>.
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216 - See the section "Insert and Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl| for the other
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217 special characters in these modes.
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218 - The effect of [count] takes place after Vim exits Insert or Replace mode.
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219 - When the 'cpoptions' option contains '$' and the change is within one line,
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220 Vim continues to show the text to be deleted and puts a '$' at the last
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221 deleted character.
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222
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223 See |registers| for an explanation of registers.
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224
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225 Replace mode is just like Insert mode, except that every character you enter
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226 deletes one character. If you reach the end of a line, Vim appends any
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227 further characters (just like Insert mode). In Replace mode, the backspace
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228 key restores the original text (if there was any). (See section "Insert and
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229 Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl|).
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230
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231 *cw* *cW*
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232 Special case: "cw" and "cW" work the same as "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is
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233 on a non-blank. This is because Vim interprets "cw" as change-word, and a
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234 word does not include the following white space. {Vi: "cw" when on a blank
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235 followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a
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236 bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks; use the 'w' flag in 'cpoptions' to
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237 make it work like Vi anyway}
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238
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239 If you prefer "cw" to include the space after a word, use this mapping: >
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240 :map cw dwi
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241 <
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242 *:c* *:ch* *:change*
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168
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243 :{range}c[hange][!] Replace lines of text with some different text.
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244 Type a line containing only "." to stop replacing.
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245 Without {range}, this command changes only the current
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246 line.
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168
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247 Adding [!] toggles 'autoindent' for the time this
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248 command is executed.
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249
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250 ==============================================================================
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251 3. Simple changes *simple-change*
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252
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253 *r*
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254 r{char} Replace the character under the cursor with {char}.
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255 If {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, a line break replaces the
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256 character. To replace with a real <CR>, use CTRL-V
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257 <CR>. CTRL-V <NL> replaces with a <Nul>.
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258 {Vi: CTRL-V <CR> still replaces with a line break,
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259 cannot replace something with a <CR>}
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260 If you give a [count], Vim replaces [count] characters
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261 with [count] {char}s. When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>,
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262 however, Vim inserts only one <CR>: "5r<CR>" replaces
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263 five characters with a single line break.
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264 When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, Vim performs
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265 autoindenting. This works just like deleting the
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266 characters that are replaced and then doing
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267 "i<CR><Esc>".
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268 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|.
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269 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command
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270 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off
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271 |i_CTRL-^|. See |utf-8-char-arg| about using
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272 composing characters when 'encoding' is Unicode.
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273
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274 *gr*
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275 gr{char} Replace the virtual characters under the cursor with
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276 {char}. This replaces in screen space, not file
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277 space. See |gR| and |Virtual-Replace-mode| for more
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278 details. As with |r| a count may be given.
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279 {char} can be entered like with |r|.
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280 {not available when compiled without the +vreplace
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281 feature}
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282
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283 *digraph-arg*
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284 The argument for Normal mode commands like |r| and |t| is a single character.
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285 When 'cpo' doesn't contain the 'D' flag, this character can also be entered
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286 like |digraphs|. First type CTRL-K and then the two digraph characters.
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287 {not available when compiled without the |+digraphs| feature}
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288
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289 *case*
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290 The following commands change the case of letters. The currently active
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291 |locale| is used. See |:language|. The LC_CTYPE value matters here.
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292
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293 *~*
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294 ~ 'notildeop' option: Switch case of the character
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295 under the cursor and move the cursor to the right.
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296 If a [count] is given, do that many characters. {Vi:
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297 no count}
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298
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299 ~{motion} 'tildeop' option: switch case of {motion} text. {Vi:
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300 tilde cannot be used as an operator}
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301
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302 *g~*
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303 g~{motion} Switch case of {motion} text. {not in Vi}
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304
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305 g~g~ *g~g~* *g~~*
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306 g~~ Switch case of current line. {not in Vi}.
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307
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308 *v_~*
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309 {Visual}~ Switch case of highlighted text (for {Visual} see
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310 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
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311
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312 *v_U*
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313 {Visual}U Make highlighted text uppercase (for {Visual} see
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314 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
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315
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316 *gU* *uppercase*
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317 gU{motion} Make {motion} text uppercase. {not in Vi}
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318 Example: >
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319 :map! <C-F> <Esc>gUiw`]a
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320 < This works in Insert mode: press CTRL-F to make the
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321 word before the cursor uppercase. Handy to type
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322 words in lowercase and then make them uppercase.
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323
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324
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325 gUgU *gUgU* *gUU*
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326 gUU Make current line uppercase. {not in Vi}.
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327
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328 *v_u*
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329 {Visual}u Make highlighted text lowercase (for {Visual} see
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330 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
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331
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332 *gu* *lowercase*
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333 gu{motion} Make {motion} text lowercase. {not in Vi}
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334
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335 gugu *gugu* *guu*
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336 guu Make current line lowercase. {not in Vi}.
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337
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338 *g?* *rot13*
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339 g?{motion} Rot13 encode {motion} text. {not in Vi}
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340
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341 *v_g?*
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342 {Visual}g? Rot13 encode the highlighted text (for {Visual} see
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343 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
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344
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345 g?g? *g?g?* *g??*
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346 g?? Rot13 encode current line. {not in Vi}.
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347
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348
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349 Adding and subtracting ~
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350 *CTRL-A*
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351 CTRL-A Add [count] to the number or alphabetic character at
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352 or after the cursor. {not in Vi}
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353
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354 *CTRL-X*
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355 CTRL-X Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic
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356 character at or after the cursor. {not in Vi}
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357
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358 The CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands work for (signed) decimal numbers, unsigned
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359 octal and hexadecimal numbers and alphabetic characters. This depends on the
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360 'nrformats' option.
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36
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361 - When 'nrformats' includes "octal", Vim considers numbers starting with a '0'
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39
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362 to be octal, unless the number includes a '8' or '9'. Other numbers are
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363 decimal and may have a preceding minus sign.
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36
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364 If the cursor is on a number, the commands apply to that number; otherwise
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365 Vim uses the number to the right of the cursor.
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7
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366 - When 'nrformats' includes "hex", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0x' or
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367 '0X' are hexadecimal. The case of the rightmost letter in the number
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368 determines the case of the resulting hexadecimal number. If there is no
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369 letter in the current number, Vim uses the previously detected case.
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36
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370 - When 'nrformats' includes "alpha", Vim will change the alphabetic character
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371 under or after the cursor. This is useful to make lists with an alphabetic
|
|
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372 index.
|
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7
|
373
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374 For numbers with leading zeros (including all octal and hexadecimal numbers),
|
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|
375 Vim preserves the number of characters in the number when possible. CTRL-A on
|
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36
|
376 "0077" results in "0100", CTRL-X on "0x100" results in "0x0ff".
|
|
39
|
377 There is one exception: When a number that starts with a zero is found not to
|
|
|
378 be octal (it contains a '8' or '9'), but 'nrformats' does include "octal",
|
|
|
379 leading zeros are removed to avoid that the result may be recognized as an
|
|
|
380 octal number.
|
|
36
|
381
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|
|
382 Note that when 'nrformats' includes "octal", decimal numbers with leading
|
|
39
|
383 zeros cause mistakes, because they can be confused with octal numbers.
|
|
7
|
384
|
|
|
385 The CTRL-A command is very useful in a macro. Example: Use the following
|
|
|
386 steps to make a numbered list.
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
388 1. Create the first list entry, make sure it starts with a number.
|
|
99
|
389 2. qa - start recording into register 'a'
|
|
7
|
390 3. Y - yank the entry
|
|
|
391 4. p - put a copy of the entry below the first one
|
|
|
392 5. CTRL-A - increment the number
|
|
|
393 6. q - stop recording
|
|
|
394 7. <count>@a - repeat the yank, put and increment <count> times
|
|
|
395
|
|
|
396
|
|
|
397 SHIFTING LINES LEFT OR RIGHT *shift-left-right*
|
|
|
398
|
|
|
399 *<*
|
|
|
400 <{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
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|
|
401
|
|
|
402 *<<*
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|
403 << Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
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|
404
|
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|
405 *v_<*
|
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|
406 {Visual}[count]< Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth'
|
|
|
407 leftwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in
|
|
|
408 Vi}
|
|
|
409
|
|
|
410 *>*
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|
411 >{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards.
|
|
|
412
|
|
|
413 *>>*
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|
414 >> Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards.
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|
|
415
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|
|
416 *v_>*
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|
417 {Visual}[count]> Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth'
|
|
|
418 rightwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in
|
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|
419 Vi}
|
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420
|
|
|
421 *:<*
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|
422 :[range]< Shift [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' left. Repeat '<'
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|
423 for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
|
|
|
424
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|
|
425 :[range]< {count} Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' left, starting
|
|
|
426 with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|).
|
|
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427 Repeat '<' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
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|
|
428
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|
|
429 :[range]le[ft] [indent] left align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the
|
|
|
430 lines to [indent] (default 0). {not in Vi}
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|
|
431
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|
|
432 *:>*
|
|
168
|
433 :[range]> [flags] Shift {count} [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' right.
|
|
7
|
434 Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
|
|
168
|
435 See |ex-flags| for [flags].
|
|
7
|
436
|
|
168
|
437 :[range]> {count} [flags]
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|
438 Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' right, starting
|
|
7
|
439 with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|).
|
|
|
440 Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
|
|
168
|
441 See |ex-flags| for [flags].
|
|
7
|
442
|
|
|
443 The ">" and "<" commands are handy for changing the indentation within
|
|
|
444 programs. Use the 'shiftwidth' option to set the size of the white space
|
|
|
445 which these commands insert or delete. Normally the 'shiftwidth' option is 8,
|
|
|
446 but you can set it to, say, 3 to make smaller indents. The shift leftwards
|
|
|
447 stops when there is no indent. The shift right does not affect empty lines.
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
449 If the 'shiftround' option is on, the indent is rounded to a multiple of
|
|
|
450 'shiftwidth'.
|
|
|
451
|
|
|
452 If the 'smartindent' option is on, or 'cindent' is on and 'cinkeys' contains
|
|
|
453 '#', shift right does not affect lines starting with '#' (these are supposed
|
|
|
454 to be C preprocessor lines that must stay in column 1).
|
|
|
455
|
|
|
456 When the 'expandtab' option is off (this is the default) Vim uses <Tab>s as
|
|
|
457 much as possible to make the indent. You can use ">><<" to replace an indent
|
|
|
458 made out of spaces with the same indent made out of <Tab>s (and a few spaces
|
|
|
459 if necessary). If the 'expandtab' option is on, Vim uses only spaces. Then
|
|
|
460 you can use ">><<" to replace <Tab>s in the indent by spaces (or use
|
|
|
461 ":retab!").
|
|
|
462
|
|
|
463 To move a line several 'shiftwidth's, use Visual mode or the ":" commands.
|
|
|
464 For example: >
|
|
|
465 Vjj4> move three lines 4 indents to the right
|
|
|
466 :<<< move current line 3 indents to the left
|
|
|
467 :>> 5 move 5 lines 2 indents to the right
|
|
|
468 :5>> move line 5 2 indents to the right
|
|
|
469
|
|
|
470 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
471 4. Complex changes *complex-change*
|
|
|
472
|
|
32
|
473 4.1 Filter commands *filter*
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
475 A filter is a program that accepts text at standard input, changes it in some
|
|
|
476 way, and sends it to standard output. You can use the commands below to send
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|
|
477 some text through a filter, so that it is replace by the filter output.
|
|
|
478 Examples of filters are "sort", which sorts lines alphabetically, and
|
|
|
479 "indent", which formats C program files (you need a version of indent that
|
|
|
480 works like a filter; not all versions do). The 'shell' option specifies the
|
|
|
481 shell Vim uses to execute the filter command (See also the 'shelltype'
|
|
|
482 option). You can repeat filter commands with ".". Vim does not recognize a
|
|
|
483 comment (starting with '"') after the ":!" command.
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
485 *!*
|
|
7
|
486 !{motion}{filter} Filter {motion} text lines through the external
|
|
|
487 program {filter}.
|
|
|
488
|
|
|
489 *!!*
|
|
|
490 !!{filter} Filter [count] lines through the external program
|
|
|
491 {filter}.
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
493 *v_!*
|
|
|
494 {Visual}!{filter} Filter the highlighted lines through the external
|
|
|
495 program {filter} (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
|
|
|
496 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
498 :{range}![!]{filter} [!][arg] *:range!*
|
|
|
499 Filter {range} lines through the external program
|
|
|
500 {filter}. Vim replaces the optional bangs with the
|
|
|
501 latest given command and appends the optional [arg].
|
|
|
502 Vim saves the output of the filter command in a
|
|
|
503 temporary file and then reads the file into the
|
|
|
504 buffer. Vim uses the 'shellredir' option to redirect
|
|
|
505 the filter output to the temporary file.
|
|
603
|
506 However, if the 'shelltemp' option is off then pipes
|
|
|
507 are used when possible (on Unix).
|
|
7
|
508 When the 'R' flag is included in 'cpoptions' marks in
|
|
|
509 the filtered lines are deleted, unless the
|
|
|
510 |:keepmarks| command is used. Example: >
|
|
|
511 :keepmarks '<,'>!sort
|
|
|
512 < When the number of lines after filtering is less than
|
|
|
513 before, marks in the missing lines are deleted anyway.
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
515 *=*
|
|
|
516 ={motion} Filter {motion} lines through the external program
|
|
|
517 given with the 'equalprg' option. When the 'equalprg'
|
|
|
518 option is empty (this is the default), use the
|
|
|
519 internal formatting function |C-indenting|. But when
|
|
|
520 'indentexpr' is not empty, it will be used instead
|
|
|
521 |indent-expression|.
|
|
|
522
|
|
|
523 *==*
|
|
|
524 == Filter [count] lines like with ={motion}.
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
526 *v_=*
|
|
|
527 {Visual}= Filter the highlighted lines like with ={motion}.
|
|
|
528 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
529
|
|
|
530
|
|
32
|
531 4.2 Substitute *:substitute*
|
|
|
532 *:s* *:su*
|
|
170
|
533 :[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] [count]
|
|
7
|
534 For each line in [range] replace a match of {pattern}
|
|
|
535 with {string}.
|
|
|
536 For the {pattern} see |pattern|.
|
|
|
537 {string} can be a literal string, or something
|
|
|
538 special; see |sub-replace-special|.
|
|
|
539 When [range] and [count] are omitted, replace in the
|
|
|
540 current line only.
|
|
|
541 When [count] is given, replace in [count] lines,
|
|
|
542 starting with the last line in [range]. When [range]
|
|
|
543 is omitted start in the current line.
|
|
|
544 Also see |cmdline-ranges|.
|
|
170
|
545 See |:s_flags| for [flags].
|
|
7
|
546
|
|
170
|
547 :[range]s[ubstitute] [flags] [count]
|
|
|
548 :[range]&[&][flags] [count] *:&*
|
|
7
|
549 Repeat last :substitute with same search pattern and
|
|
|
550 substitute string, but without the same flags. You
|
|
170
|
551 may add [flags], see |:s_flags|.
|
|
7
|
552 Note that after ":substitute" the '&' flag can't be
|
|
|
553 used, it's recognized as a pattern separator.
|
|
|
554 The space between ":substitute" and the 'c', 'g' and
|
|
|
555 'r' flags isn't required, but in scripts it's a good
|
|
|
556 idea to keep it to avoid confusion.
|
|
|
557
|
|
170
|
558 :[range]~[&][flags] [count] *:~*
|
|
7
|
559 Repeat last substitute with same substitute string
|
|
|
560 but with last used search pattern. This is like
|
|
170
|
561 ":&r". See |:s_flags| for [flags].
|
|
7
|
562
|
|
170
|
563 *&*
|
|
7
|
564 & Synonym for ":s//~/" (repeat last substitute). Note
|
|
|
565 that the flags are not remembered, thus it might
|
|
|
566 actually work differently. You can use ":&&" to keep
|
|
|
567 the flags.
|
|
|
568
|
|
170
|
569 *g&*
|
|
7
|
570 g& Synonym for ":%s//~/&" (repeat last substitute on all
|
|
|
571 lines with the same flags).
|
|
|
572 Mnemonic: global substitute. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
573
|
|
|
574 *:snomagic* *:sno*
|
|
|
575 :[range]sno[magic] ... Same as ":substitute", but always use 'nomagic'.
|
|
|
576 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
578 *:smagic* *:sm*
|
|
|
579 :[range]sm[agic] ... Same as ":substitute", but always use 'magic'.
|
|
|
580 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
581
|
|
|
582 *:s_flags*
|
|
|
583 The flags that you can use for the substitute commands:
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
585 [&] Must be the first one: Keep the flags from the previous substitute
|
|
|
586 command. Examples: >
|
|
|
587 :&&
|
|
|
588 :s/this/that/&
|
|
|
589 < Note that ":s" and ":&" don't keep the flags.
|
|
|
590 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
591
|
|
|
592 [c] Confirm each substitution. Vim highlights the matching string (with
|
|
|
593 |hl-IncSearch|). You can type: *:s_c*
|
|
|
594 'y' to substitute this match
|
|
|
595 'l' to substitute this match and then quit ("last")
|
|
|
596 'n' to skip this match
|
|
|
597 <Esc> to quit substituting
|
|
|
598 'a' to substitute this and all remaining matches {not in Vi}
|
|
|
599 'q' to quit substituting {not in Vi}
|
|
|
600 CTRL-E to scroll the screen up {not in Vi, not available when
|
|
|
601 compiled without the +insert_expand feature}
|
|
|
602 CTRL-Y to scroll the screen down {not in Vi, not available when
|
|
|
603 compiled without the +insert_expand feature}
|
|
|
604 If the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers the [c] flag and
|
|
|
605 toggles it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new
|
|
|
606 search pattern.
|
|
|
607 {not in Vi: highlighting of the match, other responses than 'y' or 'n'}
|
|
|
608
|
|
|
609 [e] When the search pattern fails, do not issue an error message and, in
|
|
|
610 particular, continue in maps as if no error occurred. This is most
|
|
|
611 useful to prevent the "No match" error from breaking a mapping. Vim
|
|
|
612 does not suppress the following error messages, however:
|
|
|
613 Regular expressions can't be delimited by letters
|
|
|
614 \ should be followed by /, ? or &
|
|
|
615 No previous substitute regular expression
|
|
|
616 Trailing characters
|
|
|
617 Interrupted
|
|
|
618 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
619
|
|
|
620 [g] Replace all occurrences in the line. Without this argument,
|
|
|
621 replacement occurs only for the first occurrence in each line. If
|
|
|
622 the 'edcompatible' option is on, Vim remembers this flag and toggles
|
|
|
623 it each time you use it, but resets it when you give a new search
|
|
|
624 pattern. If the 'gdefault' option is on, this flag is on by default
|
|
|
625 and the [g] argument switches it off.
|
|
|
626
|
|
|
627 [i] Ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' options
|
|
|
628 are not used.
|
|
|
629 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
630
|
|
|
631 [I] Don't ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase'
|
|
|
632 options are not used.
|
|
|
633 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
634
|
|
170
|
635 [n] Report the number of matches, do not actually substitute. The [c]
|
|
|
636 flag is ignored. The matches are reported as if 'report' is zero.
|
|
|
637 Useful to |count-items|.
|
|
|
638
|
|
7
|
639 [p] Print the line containing the last substitute.
|
|
168
|
640
|
|
|
641 [#] Like [p] and prepend the line number.
|
|
|
642
|
|
|
643 [l] Like [l] but print the text like |:list|.
|
|
7
|
644
|
|
|
645 [r] Only useful in combination with ":&" or ":s" without arguments. ":&r"
|
|
|
646 works the same way as ":~": When the search pattern is empty, use the
|
|
|
647 previously used search pattern instead of the search pattern from the
|
|
|
648 last substitute or ":global". If the last command that did a search
|
|
|
649 was a substitute or ":global", there is no effect. If the last
|
|
|
650 command was a search command such as "/", use the pattern from that
|
|
|
651 command.
|
|
|
652 For ":s" with an argument this already happens: >
|
|
|
653 :s/blue/red/
|
|
|
654 /green
|
|
|
655 :s//red/ or :~ or :&r
|
|
|
656 < The last commands will replace "green" with "red". >
|
|
|
657 :s/blue/red/
|
|
|
658 /green
|
|
|
659 :&
|
|
|
660 < The last command will replace "blue" with "red".
|
|
|
661 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
662
|
|
|
663 Note that there is no flag to change the "magicness" of the pattern. A
|
|
|
664 different command is used instead. The reason is that the flags can only be
|
|
|
665 found by skipping the pattern, and in order to skip the pattern the
|
|
|
666 "magicness" must be known. Catch 22!
|
|
|
667
|
|
|
668 If the {pattern} for the substitute command is empty, the command uses the
|
|
|
669 pattern from the last substitute or ":global" command. With the [r] flag, the
|
|
|
670 command uses the pattern from the last substitute, ":global", or search
|
|
|
671 command.
|
|
|
672
|
|
|
673 For compatibility with Vi these two exceptions are allowed:
|
|
|
674 "\/{string}/" and "\?{string}?" do the same as "//{string}/r".
|
|
|
675 "\&{string}&" does the same as "//{string}/".
|
|
|
676 *E146*
|
|
|
677 Instead of the '/' which surrounds the pattern and replacement string, you
|
|
|
678 can use any other character, but not an alphanumeric character, '\', '"' or
|
|
|
679 '|'. This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search pattern or
|
|
|
680 replacement string. Example: >
|
|
|
681 :s+/+//+
|
|
|
682
|
|
|
683 For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|.
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
685 *sub-replace-special* *:s\=*
|
|
|
686 When the {string} starts with "\=" it is evaluated as an expression, see
|
|
452
|
687 |sub-replace-expression|. You can use that for any special characters.
|
|
|
688 Otherwise these characters in {string} have a special meaning:
|
|
168
|
689 *:s%*
|
|
|
690 When {string} is equal to "%" and '/' is included with the 'cpotions' option,
|
|
|
691 then the {string} of the previous substitute command is used. |cpo-/|
|
|
7
|
692
|
|
|
693 magic nomagic action ~
|
|
|
694 & \& replaced with the whole matched pattern *s/\&*
|
|
|
695 \& & replaced with &
|
|
|
696 \0 replaced with the whole matched pattern *\0* *s/\0*
|
|
|
697 \1 replaced with the matched pattern in the first
|
|
|
698 pair of () *s/\1*
|
|
26
|
699 \2 replaced with the matched pattern in the second
|
|
7
|
700 pair of () *s/\2*
|
|
|
701 .. .. *s/\3*
|
|
|
702 \9 replaced with the matched pattern in the ninth
|
|
|
703 pair of () *s/\9*
|
|
|
704 ~ \~ replaced with the {string} of the previous
|
|
|
705 substitute *s~*
|
|
|
706 \~ ~ replaced with ~ *s/\~*
|
|
|
707 \u next character made uppercase *s/\u*
|
|
|
708 \U following characters made uppercase, until \E *s/\U*
|
|
|
709 \l next character made lowercase *s/\l*
|
|
|
710 \L following characters made lowercase, until \E *s/\L*
|
|
|
711 \e end of \u, \U, \l and \L (NOTE: not <Esc>!) *s/\e*
|
|
|
712 \E end of \u, \U, \l and \L *s/\E*
|
|
|
713 <CR> split line in two at this point
|
|
|
714 (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>) *s<CR>*
|
|
|
715 \r idem *s/\r*
|
|
|
716 \<CR> insert a carriage-return (CTRL-M)
|
|
|
717 (Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>) *s/\<CR>*
|
|
|
718 \n insert a <NL> (<NUL> in the file)
|
|
|
719 (does NOT break the line) *s/\n*
|
|
|
720 \b insert a <BS> *s/\b*
|
|
|
721 \t insert a <Tab> *s/\t*
|
|
|
722 \\ insert a single backslash *s/\\*
|
|
|
723 \x where x is any character not mentioned above:
|
|
|
724 Reserved for future expansion
|
|
|
725
|
|
|
726 Examples: >
|
|
|
727 :s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g modifies "a b" to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx"
|
|
|
728 :s/\([abc]\)\([efg]\)/\2\1/g modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb"
|
|
|
729 :s/abcde/abc^Mde/ modifies "abcde" to "abc", "de" (two lines)
|
|
|
730 :s/$/\^M/ modifies "abcde" to "abcde^M"
|
|
|
731
|
|
|
732 Note: In previous versions CTRL-V was handled in a special way. Since this is
|
|
|
733 not Vi compatible, this was removed. Use a backslash instead.
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
735 command text result ~
|
|
|
736 :s/aa/a^Ma/ aa a<line-break>a
|
|
|
737 :s/aa/a\^Ma/ aa a^Ma
|
|
|
738 :s/aa/a\\^Ma/ aa a\<line-break>a
|
|
|
739
|
|
|
740 (you need to type CTRL-V <CR> to get a ^M here)
|
|
|
741
|
|
|
742 The numbering of "\1", "\2" etc. is done based on which "\(" comes first in
|
|
|
743 the pattern (going left to right). When a parentheses group matches several
|
|
|
744 times, the last one will be used for "\1", "\2", etc. Example: >
|
|
|
745 :s/\(\(a[a-d] \)*\)/\2/ modifies "aa ab x" to "ab x"
|
|
|
746
|
|
|
747 When using parentheses in combination with '|', like in \([ab]\)\|\([cd]\),
|
|
|
748 either the first or second pattern in parentheses did not match, so either
|
|
|
749 \1 or \2 is empty. Example: >
|
|
|
750 :s/\([ab]\)\|\([cd]\)/\1x/g modifies "a b c d" to "ax bx x x"
|
|
|
751 <
|
|
|
752
|
|
|
753 Substitute with an expression *sub-replace-expression*
|
|
270
|
754 *sub-replace-\=*
|
|
|
755 When the substitute string starts with "\=" the remainder is interpreted as an
|
|
7
|
756 expression. This does not work recursively: a substitute() function inside
|
|
|
757 the expression cannot use "\=" for the substitute string.
|
|
|
758
|
|
|
759 The special meaning for characters as mentioned at |sub-replace-special| does
|
|
|
760 not apply except "<CR>", "\<CR>" and "\\". Thus in the result of the
|
|
|
761 expression you need to use two backslashes get one, put a backslash before a
|
|
|
762 <CR> you want to insert and use a <CR> without a backslash where you want to
|
|
|
763 break the line.
|
|
|
764
|
|
|
765 For convenience a <NL> character is also used as a line break. Prepend a
|
|
|
766 backslash to get a real <NL> character (which will be a NUL in the file).
|
|
|
767
|
|
714
|
768 When the result is a |List| then the items are joined with separating line
|
|
|
769 breaks. Thus each item becomes a line, except that they can contain line
|
|
|
770 breaks themselves.
|
|
|
771
|
|
7
|
772 The whole matched text can be accessed with "submatch(0)". The text matched
|
|
|
773 with the first pair of () with "submatch(1)". Likewise for further
|
|
|
774 sub-matches in ().
|
|
|
775
|
|
|
776 Be careful: The separation character must not appear in the expression!
|
|
|
777 Consider using a character like "@" or ":". There is no problem if the result
|
|
|
778 of the expression contains the separation character.
|
|
|
779
|
|
452
|
780 Examples: >
|
|
7
|
781 :s@\n@\="\r" . expand("$HOME") . "\r"@
|
|
452
|
782 This replaces an end-of-line with a new line containing the value of $HOME. >
|
|
|
783
|
|
|
784 s/E/\="\<Char-0x20ac>"/g
|
|
|
785 This replaces 'E' characters with an euro sign. Read more in |<Char->|.
|
|
7
|
786
|
|
|
787
|
|
32
|
788 4.3 Search and replace *search-replace*
|
|
|
789
|
|
|
790 *:pro* *:promptfind*
|
|
7
|
791 :promptf[ind] [string]
|
|
|
792 Put up a Search dialog. When [string] is given, it is
|
|
|
793 used as the initial search string.
|
|
|
794 {only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI}
|
|
|
795
|
|
|
796 *:promptr* *:promptrepl*
|
|
|
797 :promptr[epl] [string]
|
|
|
798 Put up a Search/Replace dialog. When [string] is
|
|
|
799 given, it is used as the initial search string.
|
|
|
800 {only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI}
|
|
|
801
|
|
32
|
802
|
|
|
803 4.4 Changing tabs *change-tabs*
|
|
7
|
804 *:ret* *:retab*
|
|
|
805 :[range]ret[ab][!] [new_tabstop]
|
|
|
806 Replace all sequences of white-space containing a
|
|
|
807 <Tab> with new strings of white-space using the new
|
|
|
808 tabstop value given. If you do not specify a new
|
|
|
809 tabstop size or it is zero, Vim uses the current value
|
|
|
810 of 'tabstop'.
|
|
|
811 The current value of 'tabstop' is always used to
|
|
|
812 compute the width of existing tabs.
|
|
|
813 With !, Vim also replaces strings of only normal
|
|
|
814 spaces with tabs where appropriate.
|
|
|
815 With 'expandtab' on, Vim replaces all tabs with the
|
|
|
816 appropriate number of spaces.
|
|
|
817 This command sets 'tabstop' to the new value given,
|
|
|
818 and if performed on the whole file, which is default,
|
|
|
819 should not make any visible change.
|
|
|
820 Careful: This command modifies any <Tab> characters
|
|
|
821 inside of strings in a C program. Use "\t" to avoid
|
|
|
822 this (that's a good habit anyway).
|
|
|
823 ":retab!" may also change a sequence of spaces by
|
|
|
824 <Tab> characters, which can mess up a printf().
|
|
|
825 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
826 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
|
|
|
827 compile time.
|
|
|
828
|
|
|
829 *retab-example*
|
|
|
830 Example for using autocommands and ":retab" to edit a file which is stored
|
|
|
831 with tabstops at 8 but edited with tabstops set at 4. Warning: white space
|
|
|
832 inside of strings can change! Also see 'softtabstop' option. >
|
|
|
833
|
|
|
834 :auto BufReadPost *.xx retab! 4
|
|
|
835 :auto BufWritePre *.xx retab! 8
|
|
|
836 :auto BufWritePost *.xx retab! 4
|
|
|
837 :auto BufNewFile *.xx set ts=4
|
|
|
838
|
|
|
839 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
840 5. Copying and moving text *copy-move*
|
|
|
841
|
|
|
842 *quote*
|
|
|
843 "{a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} Use register {a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} for next delete, yank
|
|
|
844 or put (use uppercase character to append with
|
|
|
845 delete and yank) ({.%#:} only work with put).
|
|
|
846
|
|
|
847 *:reg* *:registers*
|
|
|
848 :reg[isters] Display the contents of all numbered and named
|
|
|
849 registers. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
851 :reg[isters] {arg} Display the contents of the numbered and named
|
|
|
852 registers that are mentioned in {arg}. For example: >
|
|
|
853 :dis 1a
|
|
|
854 < to display registers '1' and 'a'. Spaces are allowed
|
|
|
855 in {arg}. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
856
|
|
|
857 *:di* *:display*
|
|
|
858 :di[splay] [arg] Same as :registers. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
859
|
|
|
860 *y* *yank*
|
|
|
861 ["x]y{motion} Yank {motion} text [into register x]. When no
|
|
|
862 characters are to be yanked (e.g., "y0" in column 1),
|
|
|
863 this is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E'
|
|
|
864 flag.
|
|
|
865
|
|
|
866 *yy*
|
|
|
867 ["x]yy Yank [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|.
|
|
|
868
|
|
|
869 *Y*
|
|
|
870 ["x]Y yank [count] lines [into register x] (synonym for
|
|
|
871 yy, |linewise|). If you like "Y" to work from the
|
|
|
872 cursor to the end of line (which is more logical,
|
|
|
873 but not Vi-compatible) use ":map Y y$".
|
|
|
874
|
|
|
875 *v_y*
|
|
|
876 {Visual}["x]y Yank the highlighted text [into register x] (for
|
|
|
877 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
|
|
|
878
|
|
|
879 *v_Y*
|
|
|
880 {Visual}["x]Y Yank the highlighted lines [into register x] (for
|
|
|
881 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
|
|
|
882
|
|
|
883 *:y* *:yank*
|
|
|
884 :[range]y[ank] [x] Yank [range] lines [into register x].
|
|
|
885
|
|
|
886 :[range]y[ank] [x] {count}
|
|
|
887 Yank {count} lines, starting with last line number
|
|
|
888 in [range] (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|),
|
|
|
889 [into register x].
|
|
|
890
|
|
|
891 *p* *put* *E353*
|
|
|
892 ["x]p Put the text [from register x] after the cursor
|
|
|
893 [count] times. {Vi: no count}
|
|
|
894
|
|
|
895 *P*
|
|
|
896 ["x]P Put the text [from register x] before the cursor
|
|
|
897 [count] times. {Vi: no count}
|
|
|
898
|
|
|
899 *<MiddleMouse>*
|
|
|
900 ["x]<MiddleMouse> Put the text from a register before the cursor [count]
|
|
|
901 times. Uses the "* register, unless another is
|
|
36
|
902 specified.
|
|
|
903 Leaves the cursor at the end of the new text.
|
|
|
904 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
|
|
|
905 or 'a'.
|
|
7
|
906 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
907 If you have a scrollwheel and often accidentally paste
|
|
|
908 text, you can use these mappings to disable the
|
|
|
909 pasting with the middle mouse button: >
|
|
|
910 :map <MiddleMouse> <Nop>
|
|
|
911 :imap <MiddleMouse> <Nop>
|
|
|
912 < You might want to disable the multi-click versions
|
|
|
913 too, see |double-click|.
|
|
|
914
|
|
|
915 *gp*
|
|
|
916 ["x]gp Just like "p", but leave the cursor just after the new
|
|
|
917 text. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
918
|
|
|
919 *gP*
|
|
|
920 ["x]gP Just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new
|
|
|
921 text. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
922
|
|
|
923 *:pu* *:put*
|
|
|
924 :[line]pu[t] [x] Put the text [from register x] after [line] (default
|
|
|
925 current line). This always works |linewise|, thus
|
|
|
926 this command can be used to put a yanked block as new
|
|
|
927 lines.
|
|
236
|
928 The cursor is left on the first non-blank in the last
|
|
|
929 new line.
|
|
7
|
930 The register can also be '=' followed by an optional
|
|
|
931 expression. The expression continues until the end of
|
|
|
932 the command. You need to escape the '|' and '"'
|
|
|
933 characters to prevent them from terminating the
|
|
|
934 command. Example: >
|
|
|
935 :put ='path' . \",/test\"
|
|
|
936 < If there is no expression after '=', Vim uses the
|
|
|
937 previous expression. You can see it with ":dis =".
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
939 :[line]pu[t]! [x] Put the text [from register x] before [line] (default
|
|
|
940 current line).
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
942 ["x]]p or *]p* *]<MiddleMouse>*
|
|
|
943 ["x]]<MiddleMouse> Like "p", but adjust the indent to the current line.
|
|
|
944 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
|
|
|
945 or 'a'. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
946
|
|
|
947 ["x][P or *[P*
|
|
|
948 ["x]]P or *]P*
|
|
|
949 ["x][p or *[p* *[<MiddleMouse>*
|
|
|
950 ["x][<MiddleMouse> Like "P", but adjust the indent to the current line.
|
|
|
951 Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
|
|
|
952 or 'a'. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
953
|
|
|
954 You can use these commands to copy text from one place to another. Do this
|
|
|
955 by first getting the text into a register with a yank, delete or change
|
|
|
956 command, then inserting the register contents with a put command. You can
|
|
|
957 also use these commands to move text from one file to another, because Vim
|
|
|
958 preserves all registers when changing buffers (the CTRL-^ command is a quick
|
|
|
959 way to toggle between two files).
|
|
|
960
|
|
|
961 *linewise-register* *characterwise-register*
|
|
|
962 You can repeat the put commands with "." (except for :put) and undo them. If
|
|
|
963 the command that was used to get the text into the register was |linewise|,
|
|
|
964 Vim inserts the text below ("p") or above ("P") the line where the cursor is.
|
|
|
965 Otherwise Vim inserts the text after ("p") or before ("P") the cursor. With
|
|
|
966 the ":put" command, Vim always inserts the text in the next line. You can
|
|
|
967 exchange two characters with the command sequence "xp". You can exchange two
|
|
|
968 lines with the command sequence "ddp". You can exchange two words with the
|
|
|
969 command sequence "deep" (start with the cursor in the blank space before the
|
|
|
970 first word). You can use the "']" or "`]" command after the put command to
|
|
|
971 move the cursor to the end of the inserted text, or use "'[" or "`[" to move
|
|
|
972 the cursor to the start.
|
|
|
973
|
|
|
974 *put-Visual-mode* *v_p* *v_P*
|
|
|
975 When using a put command like |p| or |P| in Visual mode, Vim will try to
|
|
|
976 replace the selected text with the contents of the register. Whether this
|
|
|
977 works well depends on the type of selection and the type of the text in the
|
|
|
978 register. With blockwise selection it also depends on the size of the block
|
|
236
|
979 and whether the corners are on an existing character. (Implementation detail:
|
|
7
|
980 it actually works by first putting the register after the selection and then
|
|
236
|
981 deleting the selection.)
|
|
7
|
982
|
|
|
983 *blockwise-register*
|
|
|
984 If you use a blockwise Visual mode command to get the text into the register,
|
|
|
985 the block of text will be inserted before ("P") or after ("p") the cursor
|
|
|
986 column in the current and next lines. Vim makes the whole block of text start
|
|
|
987 in the same column. Thus the inserted text looks the same as when it was
|
|
|
988 yanked or deleted. Vim may replace some <Tab> characters with spaces to make
|
|
|
989 this happen. However, if the width of the block is not a multiple of a <Tab>
|
|
|
990 width and the text after the inserted block contains <Tab>s, that text may be
|
|
|
991 misaligned.
|
|
|
992
|
|
|
993 Note that after a characterwise yank command, Vim leaves the cursor on the
|
|
|
994 first yanked character that is closest to the start of the buffer. This means
|
|
|
995 that "yl" doesn't move the cursor, but "yh" moves the cursor one character
|
|
|
996 left.
|
|
|
997 Rationale: In Vi the "y" command followed by a backwards motion would
|
|
|
998 sometimes not move the cursor to the first yanked character,
|
|
|
999 because redisplaying was skipped. In Vim it always moves to
|
|
|
1000 the first character, as specified by Posix.
|
|
|
1001 With a linewise yank command the cursor is put in the first line, but the
|
|
|
1002 column is unmodified, thus it may not be on the first yanked character.
|
|
|
1003
|
|
|
1004 There are nine types of registers: *registers* *E354*
|
|
|
1005 1. The unnamed register ""
|
|
|
1006 2. 10 numbered registers "0 to "9
|
|
|
1007 3. The small delete register "-
|
|
|
1008 4. 26 named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z
|
|
|
1009 5. four read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
|
|
|
1010 6. the expression register "=
|
|
|
1011 7. The selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~
|
|
|
1012 8. The black hole register "_
|
|
|
1013 9. Last search pattern register "/
|
|
|
1014
|
|
|
1015 1. Unnamed register "" *quote_quote* *quotequote*
|
|
|
1016 Vim fills this register with text deleted with the "d", "c", "s", "x" commands
|
|
|
1017 or copied with the yank "y" command, regardless of whether or not a specific
|
|
8
|
1018 register was used (e.g. "xdd). This is like the unnamed register is pointing
|
|
|
1019 to the last used register. An exception is the '_' register: "_dd does not
|
|
42
|
1020 store the deleted text in any register.
|
|
|
1021 Vim uses the contents of the unnamed register for any put command (p or P)
|
|
|
1022 which does not specify a register. Additionally you can access it with the
|
|
|
1023 name '"'. This means you have to type two double quotes. Writing to the ""
|
|
|
1024 register writes to register "0.
|
|
7
|
1025 {Vi: register contents are lost when changing files, no '"'}
|
|
|
1026
|
|
|
1027 2. Numbered registers "0 to "9 *quote_number* *quote0* *quote1*
|
|
|
1028 *quote2* *quote3* *quote4* *quote9*
|
|
|
1029 Vim fills these registers with text from yank and delete commands.
|
|
|
1030 Numbered register 0 contains the text from the most recent yank command,
|
|
|
1031 unless the command specified another register with ["x].
|
|
|
1032 Numbered register 1 contains the text deleted by the most recent delete or
|
|
|
1033 change command, unless the command specified another register or the text is
|
|
|
1034 less than one line (the small delete register is used then). An exception is
|
|
42
|
1035 made for the delete operator with these movement commands: |%|, |(|, |)|, |`|,
|
|
|
1036 |/|, |?|, |n|, |N|, |{| and |}|. Register "1 is always used then (this is Vi
|
|
|
1037 compatible). The "- register is used as well if the delete is within a line.
|
|
7
|
1038 With each successive deletion or change, Vim shifts the previous contents
|
|
|
1039 of register 1 into register 2, 2 into 3, and so forth, losing the previous
|
|
|
1040 contents of register 9.
|
|
|
1041 {Vi: numbered register contents are lost when changing files; register 0 does
|
|
|
1042 not exist}
|
|
|
1043
|
|
|
1044 3. Small delete register "- *quote_-* *quote-*
|
|
|
1045 This register contains text from commands that delete less than one line,
|
|
|
1046 except when the command specifies a register with ["x].
|
|
|
1047 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1048
|
|
|
1049 4. Named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z *quote_alpha* *quotea*
|
|
|
1050 Vim fills these registers only when you say so. Specify them as lowercase
|
|
|
1051 letters to replace their previous contents or as uppercase letters to append
|
|
164
|
1052 to their previous contents. When the '>' flag is present in 'cpoptions' then
|
|
|
1053 a line break is inserted before the appended text.
|
|
7
|
1054
|
|
|
1055 5. Read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
|
|
|
1056 These are '%', '#', ':' and '.'. You can use them only with the "p", "P",
|
|
|
1057 and ":put" commands and with CTRL-R. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1058 *quote_.* *quote.* *E29*
|
|
|
1059 ". Contains the last inserted text (the same as what is inserted
|
|
|
1060 with the insert mode commands CTRL-A and CTRL-@). Note: this
|
|
|
1061 doesn't work with CTRL-R on the command-line. It works a bit
|
|
|
1062 differently, like inserting the text instead of putting it
|
|
|
1063 ('textwidth' and other options affect what is inserted).
|
|
|
1064 *quote_%* *quote%*
|
|
|
1065 "% Contains the name of the current file.
|
|
|
1066 *quote_#* *quote#*
|
|
|
1067 "# Contains the name of the alternate file.
|
|
|
1068 *quote_:* *quote:* *E30*
|
|
|
1069 ": Contains the most recent executed command-line. Example: Use
|
|
|
1070 "@:" to repeat the previous command-line command.
|
|
|
1071 The command-line is only stored in this register when at least
|
|
|
1072 one character of it was typed. Thus it remains unchanged if
|
|
|
1073 the command was completely from a mapping.
|
|
|
1074 {not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
|
|
|
1075 feature}
|
|
|
1076
|
|
|
1077 6. Expression register "= *quote_=* *quote=*
|
|
|
1078 This is not really a register that stores text, but is a way to use an
|
|
|
1079 expression in commands which use a register. The expression register is
|
|
|
1080 read-only; you cannot put text into it. After the '=', the cursor moves to
|
|
|
1081 the command-line, where you can enter any expression (see |expression|). All
|
|
|
1082 normal command-line editing commands are available, including a special
|
|
|
1083 history for expressions. When you end the command-line by typing <CR>, Vim
|
|
|
1084 computes the result of the expression. If you end it with <Esc>, Vim abandons
|
|
|
1085 the expression. If you do not enter an expression, Vim uses the previous
|
|
332
|
1086 expression (like with the "/" command). The expression must evaluate to a
|
|
|
1087 string. If the result is a number it's turned into a string. A List,
|
|
|
1088 Dictionary or FuncRef results in an error message (use string() to convert).
|
|
|
1089 If the "= register is used for the "p" command, the string is split up at <NL>
|
|
|
1090 characters. If the string ends in a <NL>, it is regarded as a linewise
|
|
|
1091 register. {not in Vi}
|
|
7
|
1092
|
|
|
1093 7. Selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~
|
|
|
1094 Use these register for storing and retrieving the selected text for the GUI.
|
|
|
1095 See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|. When the clipboard is not available or not
|
|
571
|
1096 working, the unnamed register is used instead. For Unix systems the clipboard
|
|
|
1097 is only available when the |+xterm_clipboard| feature is present. {not in Vi}
|
|
7
|
1098
|
|
|
1099 Note that there is only a distinction between "* and "+ for X11 systems. For
|
|
|
1100 an explanation of the difference, see |x11-selection|. Under MS-Windows, use
|
|
|
1101 of "* and "+ is actually synonymous and refers to the |gui-clipboard|.
|
|
|
1102
|
|
|
1103 *quote_~* *quote~* *<Drop>*
|
|
|
1104 The read-only "~ register stores the dropped text from the last drag'n'drop
|
|
|
1105 operation. When something has been dropped onto Vim, the "~ register is
|
|
|
1106 filled in and the <Drop> pseudo key is sent for notification. You can remap
|
|
|
1107 this key if you want; the default action (for all modes) is to insert the
|
|
|
1108 contents of the "~ register at the cursor position. {not in Vi}
|
|
9
|
1109 {only available when compiled with the |+dnd| feature, currently only with the
|
|
7
|
1110 GTK GUI}
|
|
|
1111
|
|
|
1112 Note: The "~ register is only used when dropping plain text onto Vim.
|
|
|
1113 Drag'n'drop of URI lists is handled internally.
|
|
|
1114
|
|
|
1115 8. Black hole register "_ *quote_*
|
|
|
1116 When writing to this register, nothing happens. This can be used to delete
|
|
|
1117 text without affecting the normal registers. When reading from this register,
|
|
|
1118 nothing is returned. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1119
|
|
|
1120 9. Last search pattern register "/ *quote_/* *quote/*
|
|
|
1121 Contains the most recent search-pattern. This is used for "n" and 'hlsearch'.
|
|
|
1122 It is writable with ":let", you can change it to have 'hlsearch' highlight
|
|
|
1123 other matches without actually searching. You can't yank or delete into this
|
|
|
1124 register. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1125
|
|
|
1126 *@/*
|
|
|
1127 You can write to a register with a ":let" command |:let-@|. Example: >
|
|
|
1128 :let @/ = "the"
|
|
|
1129
|
|
|
1130 If you use a put command without specifying a register, Vim uses the register
|
|
|
1131 that was last filled (this is also the contents of the unnamed register). If
|
|
|
1132 you are confused, use the ":dis" command to find out what Vim will put (this
|
|
|
1133 command displays all named and numbered registers; the unnamed register is
|
|
|
1134 labelled '"').
|
|
|
1135
|
|
|
1136 The next three commands always work on whole lines.
|
|
|
1137
|
|
|
1138 :[range]co[py] {address} *:co* *:copy*
|
|
|
1139 Copy the lines given by [range] to below the line
|
|
|
1140 given by {address}.
|
|
|
1141
|
|
|
1142 *:t*
|
|
|
1143 :t Synonym for copy.
|
|
|
1144
|
|
|
1145 :[range]m[ove] {address} *:m* *:mo* *:move* *E134*
|
|
|
1146 Move the lines given by [range] to below the line
|
|
|
1147 given by {address}.
|
|
|
1148
|
|
|
1149 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1150 6. Formatting text *formatting*
|
|
|
1151
|
|
|
1152 :[range]ce[nter] [width] *:ce* *:center*
|
|
|
1153 Center lines in [range] between [width] columns
|
|
|
1154 (default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
|
|
|
1155 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1156 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
|
|
|
1157 compile time.
|
|
|
1158
|
|
|
1159 :[range]ri[ght] [width] *:ri* *:right*
|
|
|
1160 Right-align lines in [range] at [width] columns
|
|
|
1161 (default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
|
|
|
1162 {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1163 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
|
|
|
1164 compile time.
|
|
|
1165
|
|
|
1166 *:le* *:left*
|
|
|
1167 :[range]le[ft] [indent]
|
|
|
1168 Left-align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the
|
|
|
1169 lines to [indent] (default 0). {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1170 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
|
|
|
1171 compile time.
|
|
|
1172
|
|
|
1173 *gq*
|
|
216
|
1174 gq{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over.
|
|
667
|
1175 Formatting is done with one of three methods:
|
|
|
1176 1. If 'formatexpr' is not empty the expression is
|
|
|
1177 evaluated. This can differ for each buffer.
|
|
670
|
1178 2. If 'formatprg' is not empty an external program
|
|
667
|
1179 is used.
|
|
|
1180 3. Otherise formatting is done internally.
|
|
|
1181
|
|
|
1182 In the third case the 'textwidth' option controls the
|
|
|
1183 length of each formatted line (see below).
|
|
216
|
1184 If the 'textwidth' option is 0, the formatted line
|
|
|
1185 length is the screen width (with a maximum width of
|
|
667
|
1186 79).
|
|
7
|
1187 The 'formatoptions' option controls the type of
|
|
|
1188 formatting |fo-table|.
|
|
216
|
1189 The cursor is left on the first non-blank of the last
|
|
|
1190 formatted line.
|
|
7
|
1191 NOTE: The "Q" command formerly performed this
|
|
|
1192 function. If you still want to use "Q" for
|
|
|
1193 formatting, use this mapping: >
|
|
|
1194 :nnoremap Q gq
|
|
|
1195
|
|
|
1196 gqgq *gqgq* *gqq*
|
|
|
1197 gqq Format the current line. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1198
|
|
|
1199 *v_gq*
|
|
|
1200 {Visual}gq Format the highlighted text. (for {Visual} see
|
|
|
1201 |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1202
|
|
|
1203 *gw*
|
|
|
1204 gw{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over. Similar to
|
|
|
1205 |gq| but puts the cursor back at the same position in
|
|
667
|
1206 the text. However, 'formatprg' and 'formatexpr' are
|
|
|
1207 not used. {not in Vi}
|
|
7
|
1208
|
|
9
|
1209 gwgw *gwgw* *gww*
|
|
|
1210 gww Format the current line as with "gw". {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1211
|
|
|
1212 *v_gw*
|
|
|
1213 {Visual}gw Format the highlighted text as with "gw". (for
|
|
|
1214 {Visual} see |Visual-mode|). {not in Vi}
|
|
|
1215
|
|
7
|
1216 Example: To format the current paragraph use: *gqap* >
|
|
|
1217 gqap
|
|
|
1218
|
|
|
1219 The "gq" command leaves the cursor in the line where the motion command takes
|
|
|
1220 the cursor. This allows you to repeat formatting repeated with ".". This
|
|
|
1221 works well with "gqj" (format current and next line) and "gq}" (format until
|
|
|
1222 end of paragraph). Note: When 'formatprg' is set, "gq" leaves the cursor on
|
|
|
1223 the first formatted line (as with using a filter command).
|
|
|
1224
|
|
|
1225 If you want to format the current paragraph and continue where you were, use: >
|
|
|
1226 gwap
|
|
|
1227 If you always want to keep paragraphs formatted you may want to add the 'a'
|
|
|
1228 flag to 'formatoptions'. See |auto-format|.
|
|
|
1229
|
|
|
1230 If the 'autoindent' option is on, Vim uses the indent of the first line for
|
|
|
1231 the following lines.
|
|
|
1232
|
|
|
1233 Formatting does not change empty lines (but it does change lines with only
|
|
|
1234 white space!).
|
|
|
1235
|
|
|
1236 The 'joinspaces' option is used when lines are joined together.
|
|
|
1237
|
|
667
|
1238 You can set the 'formatexpr' option to an expression or the 'formatprg' option
|
|
|
1239 to the name of an external program for Vim to use for text formatting. The
|
|
|
1240 'textwidth' and other options have no effect on formatting by an external
|
|
|
1241 program.
|
|
7
|
1242
|
|
|
1243 *right-justify*
|
|
|
1244 There is no command in Vim to right justify text. You can do it with
|
|
|
1245 an external command, like "par" (e.g.: "!}par" to format until the end of the
|
|
|
1246 paragraph) or set 'formatprg' to "par".
|
|
|
1247
|
|
|
1248 *format-comments*
|
|
|
1249 Vim can format comments in a special way. Vim recognizes a comment by a
|
|
|
1250 specific string at the start of the line (ignoring white space). Three types
|
|
|
1251 of comments can be used:
|
|
|
1252
|
|
|
1253 - A comment string that repeats at the start of each line. An example is the
|
|
|
1254 type of comment used in shell scripts, starting with "#".
|
|
|
1255 - A comment string that occurs only in the first line, not in the following
|
|
|
1256 lines. An example is this list with dashes.
|
|
|
1257 - Three-piece comments that have a start string, an end string, and optional
|
|
|
1258 lines in between. The strings for the start, middle and end are different.
|
|
|
1259 An example is the C-style comment:
|
|
|
1260 /*
|
|
|
1261 * this is a C comment
|
|
|
1262 */
|
|
|
1263
|
|
|
1264 The 'comments' option is a comma-separated list of parts. Each part defines a
|
|
|
1265 type of comment string. A part consists of:
|
|
|
1266 {flags}:{string}
|
|
|
1267
|
|
|
1268 {string} is the literal text that must appear.
|
|
|
1269
|
|
|
1270 {flags}:
|
|
|
1271 n Nested comment. Nesting with mixed parts is allowed. If 'comments'
|
|
|
1272 is "n:),n:>" a line starting with "> ) >" is a comment.
|
|
|
1273
|
|
|
1274 b Blank (<Space>, <Tab> or <EOL>) required after {string}.
|
|
|
1275
|
|
|
1276 f Only the first line has the comment string. Do not repeat comment on
|
|
|
1277 the next line, but preserve indentation (e.g., a bullet-list).
|
|
|
1278
|
|
|
1279 s Start of three-piece comment
|
|
|
1280
|
|
|
1281 m Middle of a three-piece comment
|
|
|
1282
|
|
|
1283 e End of a three-piece comment
|
|
|
1284
|
|
|
1285 l Left adjust middle with start or end (default). Only recognized when
|
|
|
1286 used together with 's' or 'e'.
|
|
|
1287
|
|
|
1288 r Right adjust middle with start or end. Only recognized when used
|
|
|
1289 together with 's' or 'e'.
|
|
|
1290
|
|
|
1291 O Don't use this one for the "O" command.
|
|
|
1292
|
|
|
1293 x Allows three-piece comments to be ended by just typing the last
|
|
|
1294 character of the end-comment string as the first character on a new
|
|
|
1295 line, when the middle-comment string has already been inserted
|
|
|
1296 automatically. See below for more details.
|
|
|
1297
|
|
|
1298 {digits}
|
|
|
1299 When together with 's' or 'e': add extra indent for the middle part.
|
|
|
1300 This can be used to left-align the middle part with the start or end
|
|
|
1301 and then add an offset.
|
|
|
1302
|
|
|
1303 -{digits}
|
|
|
1304 Like {digits} but reduce the indent. This only works when there is
|
|
|
1305 some indent for the start or end part that can be removed.
|
|
|
1306
|
|
|
1307 When a string has none of the 'f', 's', 'm' or 'e' flags, Vim assumes the
|
|
|
1308 comment string repeats at the start of each line. The flags field may be
|
|
|
1309 empty.
|
|
|
1310
|
|
|
1311 Any blank space in the text before and after the {string} is part of the
|
|
|
1312 {string}, so do not include leading or trailing blanks unless the blanks are a
|
|
|
1313 required part of the comment string.
|
|
|
1314
|
|
|
1315 When one comment leader is part of another, specify the part after the whole.
|
|
|
1316 For example, to include both "-" and "->", use >
|
|
|
1317 :set comments=f:->,f:-
|
|
|
1318
|
|
|
1319 A three-piece comment must always be given as start,middle,end, with no other
|
|
|
1320 parts in between. An example of a three-piece comment is >
|
|
|
1321 sr:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
|
|
|
1322 for C-comments. To avoid recognizing "*ptr" as a comment, the middle string
|
|
|
1323 includes the 'b' flag. For three-piece comments, Vim checks the text after
|
|
|
1324 the start and middle strings for the end string. If Vim finds the end string,
|
|
|
1325 the comment does not continue on the next line. Three-piece comments must
|
|
|
1326 have a middle string because otherwise Vim can't recognize the middle lines.
|
|
|
1327
|
|
|
1328 Notice the use of the "x" flag in the above three-piece comment definition.
|
|
|
1329 When you hit Return in a C-comment, Vim will insert the middle comment leader
|
|
|
1330 for the new line, e.g. " * ". To close this comment you just have to type "/"
|
|
|
1331 before typing anything else on the new line. This will replace the
|
|
|
1332 middle-comment leader with the end-comment leader, leaving just " */". There
|
|
|
1333 is no need to hit BackSpace first.
|
|
|
1334
|
|
|
1335 Examples: >
|
|
|
1336 "b:*" Includes lines starting with "*", but not if the "*" is
|
|
|
1337 followed by a non-blank. This avoids a pointer dereference
|
|
|
1338 like "*str" to be recognized as a comment.
|
|
|
1339 "n:>" Includes a line starting with ">", ">>", ">>>", etc.
|
|
|
1340 "fb:-" Format a list that starts with "- ".
|
|
|
1341
|
|
|
1342 By default, "b:#" is included. This means that a line that starts with
|
|
|
1343 "#include" is not recognized as a comment line. But a line that starts with
|
|
|
1344 "# define" is recognized. This is a compromise.
|
|
|
1345
|
|
|
1346 Often the alignment can be changed from right alignment to a left alignment
|
|
|
1347 with an additional space. For example, for Javadoc comments, this can be
|
|
|
1348 used (insert a backslash before the space when using ":set"): >
|
|
|
1349 s1:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
|
|
|
1350 Note that an offset is included with start, so that the middle part is left
|
|
|
1351 aligned with the start and then an offset of one character added. This makes
|
|
|
1352 it possible to left align the start and middle for this construction: >
|
|
|
1353 /**
|
|
|
1354 * comment
|
|
|
1355 */
|
|
|
1356
|
|
|
1357 {not available when compiled without the |+comments| feature}
|
|
|
1358
|
|
|
1359 *fo-table*
|
|
|
1360 You can use the 'formatoptions' option to influence how Vim formats text.
|
|
|
1361 'formatoptions' is a string that can contain any of the letters below. The
|
|
|
1362 default setting is "tcq". You can separate the option letters with commas for
|
|
|
1363 readability.
|
|
|
1364
|
|
|
1365 letter meaning when present in 'formatoptions' ~
|
|
|
1366
|
|
|
1367 t Auto-wrap text using textwidth (does not apply to comments)
|
|
|
1368 c Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting the current comment
|
|
|
1369 leader automatically.
|
|
|
1370 r Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting
|
|
|
1371 <Enter> in Insert mode.
|
|
|
1372 o Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting 'o' or
|
|
|
1373 'O' in Normal mode.
|
|
|
1374 q Allow formatting of comments with "gq".
|
|
|
1375 Note that formatting will not change blank lines or lines containing
|
|
|
1376 only the comment leader. A new paragraph starts after such a line,
|
|
|
1377 or when the comment leader changes.
|
|
|
1378 w Trailing white space indicates a paragraph continues in the next line.
|
|
|
1379 A line that ends in a non-white character ends a paragraph.
|
|
|
1380 a Automatic formatting of paragraphs. Every time text is inserted or
|
|
|
1381 deleted the paragraph will be reformatted. See |auto-format|.
|
|
|
1382 When the 'c' flag is present this only happens for recognized
|
|
|
1383 comments.
|
|
41
|
1384 n When formatting text, recognize numbered lists. This actually uses
|
|
|
1385 the 'formatlistpat' option, thus any kind of list can be used. The
|
|
|
1386 indent of the text after the number is used for the next line. The
|
|
|
1387 default is to find a number, optionally be followed by '.', ':', ')',
|
|
|
1388 ']' or '}'. Note that 'autoindent' must be set too. Doesn't work
|
|
|
1389 well together with "2".
|
|
7
|
1390 Example: >
|
|
|
1391 1. the first item
|
|
|
1392 wraps
|
|
|
1393 2. the second item
|
|
|
1394 2 When formatting text, use the indent of the second line of a paragraph
|
|
|
1395 for the rest of the paragraph, instead of the indent of the first
|
|
|
1396 line. This supports paragraphs in which the first line has a
|
|
|
1397 different indent than the rest. Note that 'autoindent' must be set
|
|
|
1398 too. Example: >
|
|
|
1399 first line of a paragraph
|
|
|
1400 second line of the same paragraph
|
|
|
1401 third line.
|
|
|
1402 v Vi-compatible auto-wrapping in insert mode: Only break a line at a
|
|
|
1403 blank that you have entered during the current insert command. (Note:
|
|
|
1404 this is not 100% Vi compatible. Vi has some "unexpected features" or
|
|
|
1405 bugs in this area. It uses the screen column instead of the line
|
|
|
1406 column.)
|
|
|
1407 b Like 'v', but only auto-wrap if you enter a blank at or before
|
|
|
1408 the wrap margin. If the line was longer than 'textwidth' when you
|
|
|
1409 started the insert, or you do not enter a blank in the insert before
|
|
|
1410 reaching 'textwidth', Vim does not perform auto-wrapping.
|
|
|
1411 l Long lines are not broken in insert mode: When a line was longer than
|
|
|
1412 'textwidth' when the insert command started, Vim does not
|
|
|
1413 automatically format it.
|
|
|
1414 m Also break at a multi-byte character above 255. This is useful for
|
|
|
1415 Asian text where every character is a word on its own.
|
|
|
1416 M When joining lines, don't insert a space before or after a multi-byte
|
|
|
1417 character. Overrules the 'B' flag.
|
|
|
1418 B When joining lines, don't insert a space between two multi-byte
|
|
|
1419 characters. Overruled by the 'M' flag.
|
|
|
1420 1 Don't break a line after a one-letter word. It's broken before it
|
|
|
1421 instead (if possible).
|
|
|
1422
|
|
|
1423
|
|
|
1424 With 't' and 'c' you can specify when Vim performs auto-wrapping:
|
|
|
1425 value action ~
|
|
|
1426 "" no automatic formatting (you can use "gq" for manual formatting)
|
|
|
1427 "t" automatic formatting of text, but not comments
|
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1428 "c" automatic formatting for comments, but not text (good for C code)
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1429 "tc" automatic formatting for text and comments
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1430
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1431 Note that when 'textwidth' is 0, Vim does no formatting anyway (but does
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1432 insert comment leaders according to the 'comments' option).
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1433
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1434 Note that when 'paste' is on, Vim does no formatting at all.
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1435
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1436 Note that 'textwidth' can be non-zero even if Vim never performs auto-wrapping;
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1437 'textwidth' is still useful for formatting with "gq".
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1438
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1439 If the 'comments' option includes "/*", "*" and/or "*/", then Vim has some
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1440 built in stuff to treat these types of comments a bit more cleverly.
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1441 Opening a new line before or after "/*" or "*/" (with 'r' or 'o' present in
|
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1442 'formatoptions') gives the correct start of the line automatically. The same
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236
|
1443 happens with formatting and auto-wrapping. Opening a line after a line
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|
7
|
1444 starting with "/*" or "*" and containing "*/", will cause no comment leader to
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1445 be inserted, and the indent of the new line is taken from the line containing
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1446 the start of the comment.
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1447 E.g.:
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1448 /* ~
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1449 * Your typical comment. ~
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1450 */ ~
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1451 The indent on this line is the same as the start of the above
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1452 comment.
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1453
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1454 All of this should be really cool, especially in conjunction with the new
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1455 :autocmd command to prepare different settings for different types of file.
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1456
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1457 Some examples:
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1458 for C code (only format comments): >
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1459 :set fo=croq
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|
1460 < for Mail/news (format all, don't start comment with "o" command): >
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|
1461 :set fo=tcrq
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|
1462 <
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1463
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1464 Automatic formatting *auto-format*
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1465
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1466 When the 'a' flag is present in 'formatoptions' text is formatted
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1467 automatically when inserting text or deleting text. This works nice for
|
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|
1468 editing text paragraphs. A few hints on how to use this:
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1469
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1470 - You need to properly define paragraphs. The simplest is paragraphs that are
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1471 separated by a blank line. When there is no separating blank line, consider
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|
1472 using the 'w' flag and adding a space at the end of each line in the
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1473 paragraphs except the last one.
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1474
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1475 - You can set the 'formatoptions' based on the type of file |filetype| or
|
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1476 specifically for one file with a |modeline|.
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1477
|
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|
1478 - Set 'formatoptions' to "aw2tq" to make text with indents like this:
|
|
|
1479
|
|
|
1480 bla bla foobar bla
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|
1481 bla foobar bla foobar bla
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|
|
1482 bla bla foobar bla
|
|
|
1483 bla foobar bla bla foobar
|
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1484
|
|
|
1485 - Add the 'c' flag to only auto-format comments. Useful in source code.
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1486
|
|
|
1487 And a few warnings:
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1488
|
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|
1489 - When part of the text is not properly separated in paragraphs, making
|
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|
1490 changes in this text will cause it to be formatted anyway. Consider doing >
|
|
|
1491
|
|
|
1492 :set fo-=a
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1493
|
|
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1494 - When using the 'w' flag (trailing space means paragraph continues) and
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|
1495 deleting the last line of a paragraph with |dd|, the paragraph will be
|
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|
1496 joined with the next one.
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1497
|
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1498 - Changed text is saved for undo. Formatting is also a change. Thus each
|
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|
1499 format action saves text for undo. This may consume quite a lot of memory.
|
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|
1500
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|
|
1501 - Formatting a long paragraph and/or with complicated indenting may be slow.
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|
|
1502
|
|
282
|
1503 ==============================================================================
|
|
|
1504 7. Sorting text *sorting*
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|
1505
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|
1506 Vim has a sorting function and a sorting command. The sorting function can be
|
|
|
1507 found here: |sort()|.
|
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1508
|
|
|
1509 *:sor* *:sort*
|
|
586
|
1510 :[range]sor[t][!] [i][u][n][x][o] [/{pattern}/]
|
|
|
1511 Sort lines in [range]. When no range is given all
|
|
|
1512 lines are sorted.
|
|
282
|
1513
|
|
|
1514 With [!] the order is reversed.
|
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1515
|
|
|
1516 With [i] case is ignored.
|
|
|
1517
|
|
293
|
1518 With [n] sorting is done on the first decimal number
|
|
|
1519 in the line (after a {pattern} match).
|
|
|
1520
|
|
|
1521 With [x] sorting is done on the first hexadecimal
|
|
|
1522 number in the line (after a {pattern} match). A
|
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|
1523 leading "0x" or "0X" is ignored.
|
|
|
1524
|
|
|
1525 With [o] sorting is done on the first octal number in
|
|
|
1526 the line (after a {pattern} match).
|
|
|
1527
|
|
282
|
1528 With [u] only keep the first of a sequence of
|
|
|
1529 identical lines (ignoring case when [i] is used).
|
|
293
|
1530 Note that leading and trailing white space may cause
|
|
|
1531 lines to be different.
|
|
282
|
1532
|
|
|
1533 When /{pattern}/ is specified the text matched with
|
|
|
1534 {pattern} is skipped, so that you sort on what comes
|
|
|
1535 after the match. For lines without a match sorting
|
|
|
1536 starts in the first column (e.g., for empty lines).
|
|
|
1537 Instead of the slash any non-letter can be used.
|
|
|
1538 For example, to sort on the second comma-separated
|
|
|
1539 field: >
|
|
|
1540 :sort /[^,]*,/
|
|
|
1541 < To sort on the text at virtual column 10 (thus
|
|
|
1542 ignoring the difference between tabs and spaces): >
|
|
|
1543 :sort /.*\%10v/
|
|
|
1544 <
|
|
293
|
1545 Note that using ":sort" with ":global" doesn't sort the matching lines, it's
|
|
|
1546 quite useless.
|
|
7
|
1547
|
|
359
|
1548 The details about sorting depend on the library function used. There is no
|
|
|
1549 guarantee that sorting is "stable" or obeys the current locale. You will have
|
|
|
1550 to try it out.
|
|
|
1551
|
|
481
|
1552 The sorting itself cannot be interrupted, because of using a system library
|
|
|
1553 function. You can interrupt the preparation (for undo) and putting the sorted
|
|
|
1554 lines into the buffer. In the last case you may end up with duplicated lines.
|
|
|
1555
|
|
7
|
1556 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
