Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/starting.txt @ 32792:ba5a67216596 v9.0.1712
patch 9.0.1712: missing null check in object_clear()
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/5b0889b8bf25b0793b1949ec965c94b623900aba
Author: Jia-Ju Bai <baijiaju@buaa.edu.cn>
Date: Sun Aug 13 20:04:04 2023 +0200
patch 9.0.1712: missing null check in object_clear()
Problem: missing null check in object_clear()
Solution: Add null check of cl
closes: #12627
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
Co-authored-by: Jia-Ju Bai <baijiaju@buaa.edu.cn>
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Sun, 13 Aug 2023 20:15:04 +0200 |
parents | 695b50472e85 |
children | 93c715c63a4a |
rev | line source |
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1 *starting.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2023 May 30 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 Starting Vim *starting* |
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8 |
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9 1. Vim arguments |vim-arguments| |
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10 2. Vim on the Amiga |starting-amiga| |
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11 3. Running eVim |evim-keys| |
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12 4. Initialization |initialization| |
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13 5. $VIM and $VIMRUNTIME |$VIM| |
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14 6. Suspending |suspend| |
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15 7. Exiting |exiting| |
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16 8. Saving settings |save-settings| |
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17 9. Views and Sessions |views-sessions| |
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18 10. The viminfo file |viminfo-file| |
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19 |
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20 ============================================================================== |
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21 1. Vim arguments *vim-arguments* |
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22 |
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23 Most often, Vim is started to edit a single file with the command |
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24 |
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25 vim filename *-vim* |
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26 |
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27 More generally, Vim is started with: |
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28 |
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29 vim [option | filename] .. |
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30 |
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31 Option arguments and file name arguments can be mixed, and any number of them |
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32 can be given. However, watch out for options that take an argument. |
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33 |
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34 For compatibility with various Vi versions, see |cmdline-arguments|. |
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35 |
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36 Exactly one out of the following five items may be used to choose how to |
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37 start editing: |
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38 |
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39 *-file* *---* |
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40 filename One or more file names. The first one will be the current |
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41 file and read into the buffer. The cursor will be positioned |
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42 on the first line of the buffer. |
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43 To avoid a file name starting with a '-' being interpreted as |
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44 an option, precede the arglist with "--", e.g.: > |
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45 vim -- -filename |
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46 < All arguments after the "--" will be interpreted as file names, |
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47 no other options or "+command" argument can follow. |
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48 For behavior of quotes on MS-Windows, see |win32-quotes|. |
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49 |
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50 *--* |
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51 - This argument can mean two things, depending on whether Ex |
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52 mode is to be used. |
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53 |
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54 Starting in Normal mode: > |
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55 vim - |
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56 ex -v - |
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57 < Start editing a new buffer, which is filled with text |
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58 that is read from stdin. The commands that would normally be |
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59 read from stdin will now be read from stderr. Example: > |
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60 find . -name "*.c" -print | vim - |
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61 |
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62 < The buffer will be marked as modified, so that you are |
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63 reminded to save the text when trying to exit. If you don't |
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64 like that, put this these lines in your vimrc: > |
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65 " Don't set 'modified' when reading from stdin |
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66 au StdinReadPost * set nomodified |
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67 < |
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68 Starting in Ex mode: > |
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69 ex - |
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70 vim -e - |
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71 exim - |
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72 vim -E |
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73 < Start editing in silent mode. See |-s-ex|. |
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74 |
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75 *-t* *-tag* |
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76 -t {tag} A tag. "tag" is looked up in the tags file, the associated |
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77 file becomes the current file, and the associated command is |
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78 executed. Mostly this is used for C programs, in which case |
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79 "tag" often is a function name. The effect is that the file |
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80 containing that function becomes the current file and the |
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81 cursor is positioned on the start of the function (see |
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82 |tags|). |
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83 |
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84 *-q* *-qf* |
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85 -q [errorfile] QuickFix mode. The file with the name [errorfile] is read |
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86 and the first error is displayed. See |quickfix|. |
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87 If [errorfile] is not given, the 'errorfile' option is used |
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88 for the file name. See 'errorfile' for the default value. |
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89 |
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90 (nothing) Without one of the four items above, Vim will start editing a |
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91 new buffer. It's empty and doesn't have a file name. |
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92 |
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93 |
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94 The startup mode can be changed by using another name instead of "vim", which |
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95 is equal to giving options: |
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96 ex vim -e Start in Ex mode (see |Ex-mode|). *ex* |
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97 exim vim -E Start in improved Ex mode (see |Ex-mode|). *exim* |
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98 (normally not installed) |
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99 view vim -R Start in read-only mode (see |-R|). *view* |
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100 gvim vim -g Start the GUI (see |gui|). *gvim* |
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101 gex vim -eg Start the GUI in Ex mode. *gex* |
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102 gview vim -Rg Start the GUI in read-only mode. *gview* |
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103 rvim vim -Z Like "vim", but in restricted mode (see |-Z|) *rvim* |
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104 rview vim -RZ Like "view", but in restricted mode. *rview* |
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105 rgvim vim -gZ Like "gvim", but in restricted mode. *rgvim* |
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106 rgview vim -RgZ Like "gview", but in restricted mode. *rgview* |
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107 evim vim -y Easy Vim: set 'insertmode' (see |-y|) *evim* |
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108 eview vim -yR Like "evim" in read-only mode *eview* |
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109 vimdiff vim -d Start in diff mode |diff-mode| |
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110 gvimdiff vim -gd Start in diff mode |diff-mode| |
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111 |
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112 Additional characters may follow, they are ignored. For example, you can have |
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113 "gvim-8" to start the GUI. You must have an executable by that name then, of |
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114 course. |
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115 |
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116 On Unix, you would normally have one executable called Vim, and links from the |
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117 different startup-names to that executable. If your system does not support |
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118 links and you do not want to have several copies of the executable, you could |
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119 use an alias instead. For example: > |
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120 alias view vim -R |
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121 alias gvim vim -g |
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122 < |
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123 *startup-options* |
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124 The option arguments may be given in any order. Single-letter options can be |
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125 combined after one dash. There can be no option arguments after the "--" |
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126 argument. |
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127 |
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128 On VMS all option arguments are assumed to be lowercase, unless preceded with |
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129 a slash. Thus "-R" means recovery and "-/R" readonly. |
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130 |
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131 --help *-h* *--help* *-?* |
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132 -? |
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133 -h Give usage (help) message and exit. |
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134 See |info-message| about capturing the text. |
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135 |
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136 *--version* |
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137 --version Print version information and exit. Same output as for |
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138 |:version| command. |
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139 See |info-message| about capturing the text. |
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140 |
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141 *--noplugin* |
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142 --noplugin Skip loading plugins. Resets the 'loadplugins' option. |
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143 |
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144 Note that the |-u| argument may also disable loading plugins: |
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145 argument load: vimrc files plugins defaults.vim ~ |
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146 (nothing) yes yes yes |
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147 -u NONE no no no |
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148 -u DEFAULTS no no yes |
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149 -u NORC no yes no |
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150 --noplugin yes no yes |
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151 |
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152 --startuptime {fname} *--startuptime* |
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153 During startup write timing messages to the file {fname}. |
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154 This can be used to find out where time is spent while loading |
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155 your .vimrc, plugins and opening the first file. |
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156 When {fname} already exists new messages are appended. |
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157 {only available when compiled with the |+startuptime| |
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158 feature} |
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159 |
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160 *--literal* |
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161 --literal Take file names literally, don't expand wildcards. Not needed |
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162 for Unix, because Vim always takes file names literally (the |
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163 shell expands wildcards). |
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164 Applies to all the names, also the ones that come before this |
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165 argument. |
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166 |
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167 *-+* |
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168 +[num] The cursor will be positioned on line "num" for the first |
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169 file being edited. If "num" is missing, the cursor will be |
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170 positioned on the last line. |
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171 |
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172 *-+/* |
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173 +/{pat} The cursor will be positioned on the first line containing |
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174 "pat" in the first file being edited (see |pattern| for the |
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175 available search patterns). The search starts at the cursor |
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176 position, which can be the first line or the cursor position |
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177 last used from |viminfo|. To force a search from the first |
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178 line use "+1 +/pat". |
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179 |
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180 +{command} *-+c* *-c* |
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181 -c {command} {command} will be executed after the first file has been |
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182 read (and after autocommands and modelines for that file have |
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183 been processed). "command" is interpreted as an Ex command. |
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184 If the "command" contains spaces, it must be enclosed in |
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185 double quotes (this depends on the shell that is used). |
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186 Example: > |
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187 vim "+set si" main.c |
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188 vim "+find stdio.h" |
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189 vim -c "set ff=dos" -c wq mine.mak |
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190 < |
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191 Note: You can use up to 10 "+" or "-c" arguments in a Vim |
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192 command. They are executed in the order given. A "-S" |
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193 argument counts as a "-c" argument as well. |
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194 |
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195 --cmd {command} *--cmd* |
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196 {command} will be executed before processing any vimrc file. |
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197 Otherwise it acts like -c {command}. You can use up to 10 of |
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198 these commands, independently from "-c" commands. |
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199 |
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200 *-S* |
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201 -S {file} The {file} will be sourced after the first file has been read. |
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202 This is an easy way to do the equivalent of: > |
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203 -c "source {file}" |
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204 < It can be mixed with "-c" arguments and repeated like "-c". |
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205 The limit of 10 "-c" arguments applies here as well. |
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206 {file} cannot start with a "-". |
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207 |
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208 Do not use this for running a script to do some work and exit |
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209 Vim, you won't see error messages. Use |-u| instead. |
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210 |
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211 -S Works like "-S Session.vim". Only when used as the last |
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212 argument or when another "-" option follows. |
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213 |
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214 *-r* |
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215 -r Recovery mode. Without a file name argument, a list of |
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216 existing swap files is given. With a file name, a swap file |
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217 is read to recover a crashed editing session. See |
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218 |crash-recovery|. |
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219 |
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220 *-L* |
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221 -L Same as -r. |
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222 |
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223 *-R* |
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224 -R Readonly mode. The 'readonly' option will be set for all the |
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225 files being edited. You can still edit the buffer, but will |
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226 be prevented from accidentally overwriting a file. If you |
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227 forgot that you are in View mode and did make some changes, |
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228 you can overwrite a file by adding an exclamation mark to |
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229 the Ex command, as in ":w!". The 'readonly' option can be |
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230 reset with ":set noro" (see the options chapter, |options|). |
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231 Subsequent edits will not be done in readonly mode. Calling |
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232 the executable "view" has the same effect as the -R argument. |
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233 The 'updatecount' option will be set to 10000, meaning that |
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234 the swap file will not be updated automatically very often. |
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235 See |-M| for disallowing modifications. |
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236 |
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237 *-m* |
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238 -m Modifications not allowed to be written. The 'write' option |
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239 will be reset, so that writing files is disabled. However, |
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240 the 'write' option can be set to enable writing again. |
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241 |
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242 *-M* |
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243 -M Modifications not allowed. The 'modifiable' option will be |
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244 reset, so that changes are not allowed. The 'write' option |
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245 will be reset, so that writing files is disabled. However, |
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246 the 'modifiable' and 'write' options can be set to enable |
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247 changes and writing. |
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248 |
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249 *-Z* *restricted-mode* *E145* *E981* |
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250 -Z Restricted mode. All commands that make use of an external |
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251 shell are disabled. This includes suspending with CTRL-Z, |
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252 ":sh", filtering, the system() function, backtick expansion |
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253 and libcall(). |
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254 Also disallowed are delete(), rename(), mkdir(), job_start(), |
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255 etc. |
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256 Interfaces, such as Python, Ruby and Lua, are also disabled, |
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257 since they could be used to execute shell commands. Perl uses |
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258 the Safe module. |
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259 For Unix restricted mode is used when the last part of $SHELL |
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260 is "nologin" or "false". |
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261 Note that the user may still find a loophole to execute a |
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262 shell command, it has only been made difficult. |
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263 |
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264 *-g* |
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265 -g Start Vim in GUI mode. See |gui|. For the opposite see |-v|. |
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266 |
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267 *-v* |
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268 -v Start Ex in Vi mode. Only makes a difference when the |
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269 executable is called "ex" or "gvim". For gvim the GUI is not |
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270 started if possible. |
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271 |
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272 *-e* |
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273 -e Start Vim in Ex mode, see |Ex-mode|. Only makes a difference |
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274 when the executable is not called "ex". |
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275 |
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276 *-E* |
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277 -E Start Vim in improved Ex mode |gQ|. Only makes a difference |
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278 when the executable is not called "exim". |
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279 |
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280 *-s-ex* |
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281 -s Silent or batch mode. Only when Vim was started as "ex" or |
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282 when preceded with the "-e" argument. Otherwise see |-s|, |
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283 which does take an argument while this use of "-s" doesn't. |
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284 To be used when Vim is used to execute Ex commands from a file |
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285 instead of a terminal. Switches off most prompts and |
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286 informative messages. Also warnings and error messages. |
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287 The output of these commands is displayed (to stdout): |
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288 :print |
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289 :list |
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290 :number |
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291 :set to display option values. |
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292 When 'verbose' is non-zero messages are printed (for |
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293 debugging, to stderr). |
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294 'term' and $TERM are not used. |
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295 If Vim appears to be stuck try typing "qa!<Enter>". You don't |
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296 get a prompt thus you can't see Vim is waiting for you to type |
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297 something. |
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298 Initializations are skipped (except the ones given with the |
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299 "-u" argument). |
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300 Example: > |
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301 vim -e -s < thefilter thefile |
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302 < For the opposite, to see errors from the script, execute the |
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303 file with the |-u| flag: > |
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304 vim -u thefilter thefile |
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305 < |
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306 *-b* |
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307 -b Binary mode. File I/O will only recognize <NL> to separate |
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308 lines. The 'expandtab' option will be reset. The 'textwidth' |
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309 option is set to 0. 'modeline' is reset. The 'binary' option |
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310 is set. This is done after reading the vimrc/exrc files but |
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311 before reading any file in the arglist. See also |
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312 |edit-binary|. |
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313 |
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314 *-l* |
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315 -l Lisp mode. Sets the 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options on. |
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316 |
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317 *-A* |
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318 -A Arabic mode. Sets the 'arabic' option on. {only when |
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319 compiled with the |+arabic| features (which include |
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320 |+rightleft|), otherwise Vim gives an error message |
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321 and exits} |
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322 |
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323 *-F* |
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324 -F This was used for Farsi mode, which has been removed. |
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325 See |farsi.txt|. |
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326 |
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327 *-H* |
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328 -H Hebrew mode. Sets the 'hkmap' and 'rightleft' options on. |
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329 {only when compiled with the |+rightleft| feature, otherwise |
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330 Vim gives an error message and exits} |
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331 |
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332 *-V* *verbose* |
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333 -V[N] Verbose. Sets the 'verbose' option to [N] (default: 10). |
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334 Messages will be given for each file that is ":source"d and |
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335 for reading or writing a viminfo file. Can be used to find |
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336 out what is happening upon startup and exit. |
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337 Example: > |
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338 vim -V8 foobar |
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339 |
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340 -V[N]{filename} |
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341 Like -V and set 'verbosefile' to {filename}. The result is |
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342 that messages are not displayed but written to the file |
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343 {filename}. {filename} must not start with a digit. |
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344 Example: > |
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345 vim -V20vimlog foobar |
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346 < |
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347 --log {filename} *--log* |
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348 Start logging and write entries to {filename}. |
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349 This works like calling `ch_logfile({filename}, 'ao')` very |
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350 early during startup. |
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351 {only available with the |+eval| feature} |
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352 |
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353 *-D* |
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354 -D Debugging. Go to debugging mode when executing the first |
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355 command from a script. |debug-mode| |
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356 {not available when compiled without the |+eval| feature} |
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357 |
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358 *-C* |
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359 -C Compatible mode. Sets the 'compatible' option. You can use |
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360 this to get 'compatible', even though a .vimrc file exists. |
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361 Keep in mind that the command ":set nocompatible" in some |
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362 plugin or startup script overrules this, so you may end up |
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363 with 'nocompatible' anyway. To find out, use: > |
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364 :verbose set compatible? |
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365 < Several plugins won't work with 'compatible' set. You may |
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366 want to set it after startup this way: > |
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367 vim "+set cp" filename |
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368 < Also see |compatible-default|. |
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369 |
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370 *-N* |
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371 -N Not compatible mode. Resets the 'compatible' option. You can |
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372 use this to get 'nocompatible', when there is no .vimrc file |
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373 or when using "-u NONE". |
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374 Also see |compatible-default|. |
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375 |
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376 *-y* *easy* |
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377 -y Easy mode. Implied for |evim| and |eview|. Starts with |
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378 'insertmode' set and behaves like a click-and-type editor. |
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379 This sources the script $VIMRUNTIME/evim.vim. Mappings are |
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380 set up to work like most click-and-type editors, see |
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381 |evim-keys|. The GUI is started when available. |
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382 |
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383 *-n* |
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384 -n No swap file will be used. Recovery after a crash will be |
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385 impossible. Handy if you want to view or edit a file on a |
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386 very slow medium (e.g., a floppy). |
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387 Can also be done with ":set updatecount=0". You can switch it |
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388 on again by setting the 'updatecount' option to some value, |
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389 e.g., ":set uc=100". |
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390 NOTE: Don't combine -n with -b, making -nb, because that has a |
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391 different meaning: |-nb|. |
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392 'updatecount' is set to 0 AFTER executing commands from a |
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393 vimrc file, but before the GUI initializations. Thus it |
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394 overrides a setting for 'updatecount' in a vimrc file, but not |
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395 in a gvimrc file. See |startup|. |
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396 When you want to reduce accesses to the disk (e.g., for a |
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397 laptop), don't use "-n", but set 'updatetime' and |
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398 'updatecount' to very big numbers, and type ":preserve" when |
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399 you want to save your work. This way you keep the possibility |
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400 for crash recovery. |
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401 |
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402 *-o* |
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403 -o[N] Open N windows, split horizontally. If [N] is not given, |
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404 one window is opened for every file given as argument. If |
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405 there is not enough room, only the first few files get a |
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406 window. If there are more windows than arguments, the last |
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407 few windows will be editing an empty file. |
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408 |
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409 *-O* |
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410 -O[N] Open N windows, split vertically. Otherwise it's like -o. |
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411 If both the -o and the -O option are given, the last one on |
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412 the command line determines how the windows will be split. |
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413 |
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414 *-p* |
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415 -p[N] Open N tab pages. If [N] is not given, one tab page is opened |
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416 for every file given as argument. The maximum is set with |
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417 'tabpagemax' pages (default 10). If there are more tab pages |
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418 than arguments, the last few tab pages will be editing an |
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419 empty file. Also see |tabpage|. |
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420 |
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421 *-T* |
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422 -T {terminal} Set the terminal type to "terminal". This influences the |
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423 codes that Vim will send to your terminal. This is normally |
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424 not needed, because Vim will be able to find out what type |
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425 of terminal you are using. (See |terminal-info|.) |
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426 |
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427 *--not-a-term* |
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428 --not-a-term Tells Vim that the user knows that the input and/or output is |
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429 not connected to a terminal. This will avoid the warning and |
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430 the two second delay that would happen. |
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431 Also avoids the "Reading from stdin..." message. |
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432 Also avoids the "N files to edit" message. |
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433 |
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434 --gui-dialog-file {name} *--gui-dialog-file* |
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435 When using the GUI, instead of showing a dialog, write the |
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436 title and message of the dialog to file {name}. The file is |
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437 created or appended to. Only useful for testing, to avoid |
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438 that the test gets stuck on a dialog that can't be seen. |
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439 Without the GUI the argument is ignored. |
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440 |
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441 *--ttyfail* |
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442 --ttyfail When the stdin or stdout is not a terminal (tty) then exit |
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443 right away. |
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444 |
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445 *-d* |
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446 -d Start in diff mode, like |vimdiff|. |
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447 {not available when compiled without the |+diff| feature} |
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448 |
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449 -d {device} Only on the Amiga and when not compiled with the |+diff| |
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450 feature. Works like "-dev". |
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451 *-dev* |
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452 -dev {device} Only on the Amiga: The {device} is opened to be used for |
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453 editing. |
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454 Normally you would use this to set the window position and |
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455 size: "-d con:x/y/width/height", e.g., |
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456 "-d con:30/10/600/150". But you can also use it to start |
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457 editing on another device, e.g., AUX:. |
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458 *-f* |
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459 -f GUI: Do not disconnect from the program that started Vim. |
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460 'f' stands for "foreground". If omitted, the GUI forks a new |
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461 process and exits the current one. "-f" should be used when |
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462 gvim is started by a program that will wait for the edit |
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463 session to finish (e.g., mail or readnews). If you want gvim |
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464 never to fork, include 'f' in 'guioptions' in your |gvimrc|. |
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465 Careful: You can use "-gf" to start the GUI in the foreground, |
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466 but "-fg" is used to specify the foreground color. |gui-fork| |
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467 |
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468 Amiga: Do not restart Vim to open a new window. This |
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469 option should be used when Vim is started by a program that |
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470 will wait for the edit session to finish (e.g., mail or |
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471 readnews). See |amiga-window|. |
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472 |
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473 MS-Windows: This option is not supported. However, when |
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474 running Vim with an installed vim.bat or gvim.bat file it |
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475 works. |
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476 |
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477 |
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478 *--nofork* |
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479 --nofork GUI: Do not fork. Same as |-f|. |
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480 *-u* *E282* |
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481 -u {vimrc} The file {vimrc} is read for initializations. Most other |
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482 initializations are skipped; see |initialization|. |
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483 |
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484 This can be used to start Vim in a special mode, with special |
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485 mappings and settings. A shell alias can be used to make |
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486 this easy to use. For example: > |
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487 alias vimc vim -u ~/.c_vimrc !* |
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488 < Also consider using autocommands; see |autocommand|. |
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489 |
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490 When {vimrc} is equal to "NONE" (all uppercase), all |
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491 initializations from files and environment variables are |
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492 skipped, including reading the |gvimrc| file when the GUI |
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493 starts. Loading plugins is also skipped. |
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494 |
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495 When {vimrc} is equal to "NORC" (all uppercase), this has the |
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496 same effect as "NONE", but loading plugins is not skipped. |
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497 |
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498 When {vimrc} is equal to "DEFAULTS" (all uppercase), this has |
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499 the same effect as "NONE", but the |defaults.vim| script is |
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500 loaded, which will also set 'nocompatible'. Also see |
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501 |--clean|. |
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502 |
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503 Using the "-u" argument with another argument than DEFAULTS |
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504 has the side effect that the 'compatible' option will be on by |
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505 default. This can have unexpected effects. See |
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506 |'compatible'|. |
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507 |
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508 *-U* *E230* |
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509 -U {gvimrc} The file {gvimrc} is read for initializations when the GUI |
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510 starts. Other GUI initializations are skipped. When {gvimrc} |
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511 is equal to "NONE", no file is read for GUI initializations at |
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512 all. |gui-init| |
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513 Exception: Reading the system-wide menu file is always done. |
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514 |
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515 *-i* |
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516 -i {viminfo} The file "viminfo" is used instead of the default viminfo |
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517 file. If the name "NONE" is used (all uppercase), no viminfo |
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518 file is read or written, even if 'viminfo' is set or when |
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519 ":rv" or ":wv" are used. See also |viminfo-file|. |
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520 |
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521 *--clean* |
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522 --clean Similar to "-u DEFAULTS -U NONE -i NONE": |
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523 - initializations from files and environment variables is |
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524 skipped |
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525 - 'runtimepath' and 'packpath' are set to exclude home |
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526 directory entries (does not happen with -u DEFAULTS). |
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527 - the |defaults.vim| script is loaded, which implies |
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528 'nocompatible': use Vim defaults |
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529 - no |gvimrc| script is loaded |
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530 - no viminfo file is read or written |
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531 Note that a following "-u" argument overrules the effect of |
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532 "-u DEFAULTS". |
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533 |
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534 *-x* |
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535 -x Use encryption to read/write files. Will prompt for a key, |
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536 which is then stored in the 'key' option. All writes will |
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537 then use this key to encrypt the text. The '-x' argument is |
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538 not needed when reading a file, because there is a check if |
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539 the file that is being read has been encrypted, and Vim asks |
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540 for a key automatically. |encryption| |
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541 |
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542 *-X* |
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543 -X Do not try connecting to the X server to get the current |
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544 window title and copy/paste using the X clipboard. This |
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545 avoids a long startup time when running Vim in a terminal |
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546 emulator and the connection to the X server is slow. |
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547 See |--startuptime| to find out if affects you. |
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548 Only makes a difference on Unix or VMS, when compiled with the |
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549 |+X11| feature. Otherwise it's ignored. |
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550 To disable the connection only for specific terminals, see the |
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551 'clipboard' option. |
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552 When the X11 Session Management Protocol (XSMP) handler has |
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553 been built in, the -X option also disables that connection as |
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554 it, too, may have undesirable delays. |
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555 When the connection is desired later anyway (e.g., for |
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556 client-server messages), call the |serverlist()| function. |
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557 This does not enable the XSMP handler though. |
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558 |
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559 *-s* |
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560 -s {scriptin} The script file "scriptin" is read. The characters in the |
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561 file are interpreted as if you had typed them. The same can |
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562 be done with the command ":source! {scriptin}". If the end |
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563 of the file is reached before the editor exits, further |
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564 characters are read from the keyboard. Only works when not |
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565 started in Ex mode, see |-s-ex|. See also |complex-repeat|. |
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566 |
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567 *-w_nr* |
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568 -w {number} |
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569 -w{number} Set the 'window' option to {number}. |
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570 |
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571 *-w* |
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572 -w {scriptout} All the characters that you type are recorded in the file |
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573 "scriptout", until you exit Vim. This is useful if you want |
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574 to create a script file to be used with "vim -s" or |
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575 ":source!". When the "scriptout" file already exists, new |
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576 characters are appended. See also |complex-repeat|. |
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577 {scriptout} cannot start with a digit. |
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578 If you want to record what is typed in a human readable for |
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579 you can use |ch_logfile()|, It adds "raw key input" lines. |
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580 Also see |--log|. |
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581 |
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582 *-W* |
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583 -W {scriptout} Like -w, but do not append, overwrite an existing file. |
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584 |
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585 --remote [+{cmd}] {file} ... |
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586 Open the {file} in another Vim that functions as a server. |
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587 Any non-file arguments must come before this. |
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588 See |--remote|. |
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589 |
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590 --remote-silent [+{cmd}] {file} ... |
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591 Like --remote, but don't complain if there is no server. |
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592 See |--remote-silent|. |
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593 |
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594 --remote-wait [+{cmd}] {file} ... |
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595 Like --remote, but wait for the server to finish editing the |
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596 file(s). |
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597 See |--remote-wait|. |
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598 |
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599 --remote-wait-silent [+{cmd}] {file} ... |
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600 Like --remote-wait, but don't complain if there is no server. |
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601 See |--remote-wait-silent|. |
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602 |
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603 --servername {name} |
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604 Specify the name of the Vim server to send to or to become. |
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605 See |--servername|. |
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606 |
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607 --remote-send {keys} |
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608 Send {keys} to a Vim server and exit. |
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609 See |--remote-send|. |
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610 |
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611 --remote-expr {expr} |
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612 Evaluate {expr} in another Vim that functions as a server. |
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613 The result is printed on stdout. |
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614 See |--remote-expr|. |
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615 |
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616 --serverlist Output a list of Vim server names and exit. See |
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617 |--serverlist|. |
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618 |
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619 --socketid {id} *--socketid* |
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620 GTK+ GUI Vim only. Make gvim try to use GtkPlug mechanism, so |
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621 that it runs inside another window. See |gui-gtk-socketid| |
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622 for details. |
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623 |
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624 --windowid {id} *--windowid* |
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625 Win32 GUI Vim only. Make gvim try to use the window {id} as a |
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626 parent, so that it runs inside that window. See |
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627 |gui-w32-windowid| for details. |
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628 |
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629 --echo-wid *--echo-wid* |
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630 GTK+ GUI Vim only. Make gvim echo the Window ID on stdout, |
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631 which can be used to run gvim in a kpart widget. The format |
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632 of the output is: > |
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633 WID: 12345\n |
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634 |
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635 --role {role} *--role* |
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636 GTK+ 2 GUI only. Set the role of the main window to {role}. |
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637 The window role can be used by a window manager to uniquely |
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638 identify a window, in order to restore window placement and |
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639 such. The --role argument is passed automatically when |
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640 restoring the session on login. See |gui-gnome-session| |
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641 |
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642 -P {parent-title} *-P* *MDI* *E671* *E672* |
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643 Win32 only: Specify the title of the parent application. When |
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644 possible, Vim will run in an MDI window inside the |
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645 application. |
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646 {parent-title} must appear in the window title of the parent |
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647 application. Make sure that it is specific enough. |
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648 Note that the implementation is still primitive. It won't |
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649 work with all applications and the menu doesn't work. |
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650 |
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651 -nb *-nb* |
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652 -nb={fname} |
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653 -nb:{hostname}:{addr}:{password} |
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654 Attempt connecting to Netbeans and become an editor server for |
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655 it. The second form specifies a file to read connection info |
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656 from. The third form specifies the hostname, address and |
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657 password for connecting to Netbeans. |netbeans-run| |
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658 {only available when compiled with the |+netbeans_intg| |
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659 feature; if not then -nb will make Vim exit} |
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660 |
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661 If the executable is called "view", Vim will start in Readonly mode. This is |
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662 useful if you can make a hard or symbolic link from "view" to "vim". |
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663 Starting in Readonly mode can also be done with "vim -R". |
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664 |
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665 If the executable is called "ex", Vim will start in "Ex" mode. This means it |
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666 will accept only ":" commands. But when the "-v" argument is given, Vim will |
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667 start in Normal mode anyway. |
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668 |
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669 Additional arguments are available on unix like systems when compiled with |
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670 X11 GUI support. See |gui-resources|. |
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671 |
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672 ============================================================================== |
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673 2. Vim on the Amiga *starting-amiga* |
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674 |
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675 Starting Vim from the Workbench *workbench* |
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676 ------------------------------- |
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677 |
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678 Vim can be started from the Workbench by clicking on its icon twice. It will |
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679 then start with an empty buffer. |
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680 |
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681 Vim can be started to edit one or more files by using a "Project" icon. The |
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682 "Default Tool" of the icon must be the full pathname of the Vim executable. |
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683 The name of the ".info" file must be the same as the name of the text file. |
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684 By clicking on this icon twice, Vim will be started with the file name as |
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685 current file name, which will be read into the buffer (if it exists). You can |
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686 edit multiple files by pressing the shift key while clicking on icons, and |
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687 clicking twice on the last one. The "Default Tool" for all these icons must |
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688 be the same. |
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689 |
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690 It is not possible to give arguments to Vim, other than file names, from the |
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691 workbench. |
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692 |
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693 Vim window *amiga-window* |
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694 ---------- |
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695 |
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696 Vim will run in the CLI window where it was started. If Vim was started with |
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697 the "run" or "runback" command, or if Vim was started from the workbench, it |
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698 will open a window of its own. |
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699 |
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700 Technical detail: |
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701 To open the new window a little trick is used. As soon as Vim |
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702 recognizes that it does not run in a normal CLI window, it will |
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703 create a script file in "t:". This script file contains the same |
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704 command as the one Vim was started with, and an "endcli" command. |
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705 This script file is then executed with a "newcli" command (the "c:run" |
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706 and "c:newcli" commands are required for this to work). The script |
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707 file will hang around until reboot, or until you delete it. This |
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708 method is required to get the ":sh" and ":!" commands to work |
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709 correctly. But when Vim was started with the -f option (foreground |
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710 mode), this method is not used. The reason for this is that |
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711 when a program starts Vim with the -f option it will wait for Vim to |
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712 exit. With the script trick, the calling program does not know when |
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713 Vim exits. The -f option can be used when Vim is started by a mail |
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714 program which also waits for the edit session to finish. As a |
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715 consequence, the ":sh" and ":!" commands are not available when the |
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716 -f option is used. |
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717 |
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718 Vim will automatically recognize the window size and react to window |
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719 resizing. Under Amiga DOS 1.3, it is advised to use the fastfonts program, |
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720 "FF", to speed up display redrawing. |
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721 |
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722 ============================================================================== |
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723 3. Running eVim *evim-keys* |
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724 |
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725 EVim runs Vim as click-and-type editor. This is very unlike the original Vi |
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726 idea. But it helps for people that don't use Vim often enough to learn the |
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727 commands. Hopefully they will find out that learning to use Normal mode |
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728 commands will make their editing much more effective. |
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729 |
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730 In Evim these options are changed from their default value: |
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731 |
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732 :set nocompatible Use Vim improvements |
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733 :set insertmode Remain in Insert mode most of the time |
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734 :set hidden Keep invisible buffers loaded |
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735 :set backup Keep backup files (not for VMS) |
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736 :set backspace=2 Backspace over everything |
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737 :set autoindent auto-indent new lines |
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738 :set history=50 keep 50 lines of Ex commands |
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739 :set ruler show the cursor position |
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740 :set incsearch show matches halfway typing a pattern |
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741 :set mouse=a use the mouse in all modes |
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742 :set hlsearch highlight all matches for a search pattern |
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743 :set whichwrap+=<,>,[,] <Left> and <Right> wrap around line breaks |
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744 :set guioptions-=a non-Unix only: don't do auto-select |
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745 |
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746 Key mappings: |
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747 <CTRL-Q> quit, using `:confirm` prompt if there are changes |
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748 <Down> moves by screen lines rather than file lines |
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749 <Up> idem |
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750 Q does "gq", formatting, instead of Ex mode |
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751 <BS> in Visual mode: deletes the selection |
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752 CTRL-X in Visual mode: Cut to clipboard |
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753 <S-Del> idem |
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754 CTRL-C in Visual mode: Copy to clipboard |
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755 <C-Insert> idem |
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756 CTRL-V Pastes from the clipboard (in any mode) |
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757 <S-Insert> idem |
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758 CTRL-Z undo |
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759 CTRL-Y redo |
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760 <M-Space> system menu |
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761 CTRL-A select all |
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762 <C-Tab> next window, CTRL-W w |
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763 <C-F4> close window, CTRL-W c |
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764 |
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765 Additionally: |
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766 - ":behave mswin" is used |:behave| |
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767 - syntax highlighting is enabled |
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768 - filetype detection is enabled, filetype plugins and indenting is enabled |
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769 - in a text file 'textwidth' is set to 78 |
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770 |
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771 One hint: If you want to go to Normal mode to be able to type a sequence of |
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772 commands, use CTRL-L. |i_CTRL-L| |
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773 |
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774 There is no way to stop "easy mode", you need to exit Vim. |
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775 |
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776 ============================================================================== |
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777 4. Initialization *initialization* *startup* |
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778 |
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779 This section is about the non-GUI version of Vim. See |gui-fork| for |
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780 additional initialization when starting the GUI. |
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781 |
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782 At startup, Vim checks environment variables and files and sets values |
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783 accordingly. Vim proceeds in this order: |
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784 |
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785 1. Set the 'shell' and 'term' option *SHELL* *COMSPEC* *TERM* |
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786 The environment variable SHELL, if it exists, is used to set the |
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787 'shell' option. On Win32, the COMSPEC variable is used |
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788 if SHELL is not set. |
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789 The environment variable TERM, if it exists, is used to set the 'term' |
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790 option. However, 'term' will change later when starting the GUI (step |
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791 8 below). |
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792 |
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793 2. Process the arguments |
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794 The options and file names from the command that start Vim are |
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795 inspected. |
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796 The |-V| argument can be used to display or log what happens next, |
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797 useful for debugging the initializations. |
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798 The |--cmd| arguments are executed. |
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799 Buffers are created for all files (but not loaded yet). |
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800 |
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801 3. Execute Ex commands, from environment variables and/or files |
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802 An environment variable is read as one Ex command line, where multiple |
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803 commands must be separated with '|' or "<NL>". |
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804 *vimrc* *exrc* |
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805 A file that contains initialization commands is called a "vimrc" file. |
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806 Each line in a vimrc file is executed as an Ex command line. It is |
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807 sometimes also referred to as "exrc" file. They are the same type of |
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808 file, but "exrc" is what Vi always used, "vimrc" is a Vim specific |
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809 name. Also see |vimrc-intro|. |
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810 |
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811 Places for your personal initializations: |
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812 Unix $HOME/.vimrc or $HOME/.vim/vimrc |
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813 MS-Windows $HOME/_vimrc, $HOME/vimfiles/vimrc |
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814 or $VIM/_vimrc |
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815 Amiga s:.vimrc, home:.vimrc, home:vimfiles:vimrc |
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816 or $VIM/.vimrc |
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817 Haiku $HOME/config/settings/vim/vimrc |
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818 |
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819 The files are searched in the order specified above and only the first |
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820 one that is found is read. |
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821 |
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822 RECOMMENDATION: Put all your Vim configuration stuff in the |
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823 $HOME/.vim/ directory ($HOME/vimfiles/ for MS-Windows). That makes it |
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824 easy to copy it to another system. |
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825 |
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826 If Vim was started with "-u filename", the file "filename" is used. |
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827 All following initializations until 4. are skipped. $MYVIMRC is not |
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828 set. |
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829 "vim -u NORC" can be used to skip these initializations without |
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830 reading a file. "vim -u NONE" also skips loading plugins. |-u| |
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831 |
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832 If Vim was started in Ex mode with the "-s" argument, all following |
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833 initializations until 4. are skipped. Only the "-u" option is |
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834 interpreted. |
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835 *evim.vim* |
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836 a. If vim was started as |evim| or |eview| or with the |-y| argument, the |
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837 script $VIMRUNTIME/evim.vim will be loaded. |
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838 *system-vimrc* |
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839 b. For Unix, MS-Windows, VMS, Macintosh and Amiga the system vimrc file |
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840 is read for initializations. The path of this file is shown with the |
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841 ":version" command. Mostly it's "$VIM/vimrc". Note that this file is |
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842 ALWAYS read in 'compatible' mode, since the automatic resetting of |
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843 'compatible' is only done later. Add a ":set nocp" command if you |
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844 like. For the Macintosh the $VIMRUNTIME/macmap.vim is read. |
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845 |
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846 *VIMINIT* *.vimrc* *_vimrc* *EXINIT* *.exrc* *_exrc* *$MYVIMRC* |
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847 c. Five places are searched for initializations. The first that exists |
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848 is used, the others are ignored. The $MYVIMRC environment variable is |
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849 set to the file that was first found, unless $MYVIMRC was already set |
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850 and when using VIMINIT. |
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851 I The environment variable VIMINIT (see also |compatible-default|) (*) |
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852 The value of $VIMINIT is used as an Ex command line. |
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853 II The user vimrc file(s): |
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854 "$HOME/.vimrc" (for Unix) (*) |
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855 "$HOME/.vim/vimrc" (for Unix) (*) |
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856 "s:.vimrc" (for Amiga) (*) |
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857 "home:.vimrc" (for Amiga) (*) |
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858 "home:vimfiles:vimrc" (for Amiga) (*) |
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859 "$VIM/.vimrc" (for Amiga) (*) |
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860 "$HOME/_vimrc" (for Win32) (*) |
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861 "$HOME/vimfiles/vimrc" (for Win32) (*) |
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862 "$VIM/_vimrc" (for Win32) (*) |
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863 "$HOME/config/settings/vim/vimrc" (for Haiku) (*) |
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864 |
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865 Note: For Unix and Amiga, when ".vimrc" does not exist, |
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866 "_vimrc" is also tried, in case an MS-DOS compatible file |
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867 system is used. For MS-Windows ".vimrc" is checked after |
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868 "_vimrc", in case long file names are used. |
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869 Note: For Win32, "$HOME" is checked first. If no "_vimrc" or |
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870 ".vimrc" is found there, "$VIM" is tried. See |$VIM| for when |
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871 $VIM is not set. |
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872 III The environment variable EXINIT. |
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873 The value of $EXINIT is used as an Ex command line. |
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874 IV The user exrc file(s). Same as for the user vimrc file, but with |
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875 "vimrc" replaced by "exrc". But only one of ".exrc" and "_exrc" is |
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876 used, depending on the system. And without the (*)! |
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877 V The default vimrc file, $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim. This sets up |
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878 options values and has "syntax on" and "filetype on" commands, |
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879 which is what most new users will want. See |defaults.vim|. |
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880 |
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881 d. If the 'exrc' option is on (which is NOT the default), the current |
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882 directory is searched for three files. The first that exists is used, |
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883 the others are ignored. |
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884 - The file ".vimrc" (for Unix, Amiga) (*) |
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885 "_vimrc" (for Win32) (*) |
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886 - The file "_vimrc" (for Unix, Amiga) (*) |
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887 ".vimrc" (for Win32) (*) |
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888 - The file ".exrc" (for Unix, Amiga) |
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889 "_exrc" (for Win32) |
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890 |
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891 (*) Using this file or environment variable will cause 'compatible' to be |
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892 off by default. See |compatible-default|. |
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893 |
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894 Note: When using the |mzscheme| interface, it is initialized after loading |
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895 the vimrc file. Changing 'mzschemedll' later has no effect. |
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896 |
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897 4. Load the plugin scripts. *load-plugins* |
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898 This does the same as the command: > |
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899 :runtime! plugin/**/*.vim |
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900 < The result is that all directories in the 'runtimepath' option will be |
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901 searched for the "plugin" sub-directory and all files ending in ".vim" |
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902 will be sourced (in alphabetical order per directory), also in |
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903 subdirectories. |
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904 However, directories in 'runtimepath' ending in "after" are skipped |
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905 here and only loaded after packages, see below. |
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906 Loading plugins won't be done when: |
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907 - The 'loadplugins' option was reset in a vimrc file. |
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908 - The |--noplugin| command line argument is used. |
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909 - The |--clean| command line argument is used. |
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910 - The "-u NONE" command line argument is used |-u|. |
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911 - When Vim was compiled without the |+eval| feature. |
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912 Note that using "-c 'set noloadplugins'" doesn't work, because the |
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913 commands from the command line have not been executed yet. You can |
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914 use "--cmd 'set noloadplugins'" or "--cmd 'set loadplugins'" |--cmd|. |
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915 |
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916 Packages are loaded. These are plugins, as above, but found in the |
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917 "start" directory of each entry in 'packpath'. Every plugin directory |
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918 found is added in 'runtimepath' and then the plugins are sourced. See |
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919 |packages|. |
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920 |
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921 The plugins scripts are loaded, as above, but now only the directories |
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922 ending in "after" are used. Note that 'runtimepath' will have changed |
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923 if packages have been found, but that should not add a directory |
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924 ending in "after". |
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925 |
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926 5. Set 'shellpipe' and 'shellredir' |
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927 The 'shellpipe' and 'shellredir' options are set according to the |
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928 value of the 'shell' option, unless they have been set before. |
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929 This means that Vim will figure out the values of 'shellpipe' and |
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930 'shellredir' for you, unless you have set them yourself. |
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931 |
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932 6. Set 'updatecount' to zero, if "-n" command argument used |
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933 |
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934 7. Set binary options |
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935 If the "-b" flag was given to Vim, the options for binary editing will |
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936 be set now. See |-b|. |
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937 |
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938 8. Perform GUI initializations |
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939 Only when starting "gvim", the GUI initializations will be done. See |
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940 |gui-init|. |
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941 |
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942 9. Read the viminfo file |
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943 If the 'viminfo' option is not empty, the viminfo file is read. See |
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944 |viminfo-file|. |
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945 |
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946 10. Read the quickfix file |
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947 If the "-q" flag was given to Vim, the quickfix file is read. If this |
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948 fails, Vim exits. |
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949 |
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950 11. Open all windows |
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951 When the |-o| flag was given, windows will be opened (but not |
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952 displayed yet). |
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953 When the |-p| flag was given, tab pages will be created (but not |
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954 displayed yet). |
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955 When switching screens, it happens now. Redrawing starts. |
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956 If the "-q" flag was given to Vim, the first error is jumped to. |
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957 Buffers for all windows will be loaded, without triggering |BufAdd| |
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958 autocommands. |
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959 |
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960 12. Execute startup commands |
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961 If a "-t" flag was given to Vim, the tag is jumped to. |
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962 The commands given with the |-c| and |+cmd| arguments are executed. |
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963 If the 'insertmode' option is set, Insert mode is entered. |
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964 The starting flag is reset, has("vim_starting") will now return zero. |
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965 The |v:vim_did_enter| variable is set to 1. |
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966 The |VimEnter| autocommands are executed. |
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967 |
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968 The $MYVIMRC or $MYGVIMRC file will be set to the first found vimrc and/or |
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969 gvimrc file. |
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970 |
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971 |
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972 Some hints on using initializations ~ |
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973 |
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974 Standard setup: |
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975 Create a vimrc file to set the default settings and mappings for all your edit |
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976 sessions. Put it in a place so that it will be found by 3b: |
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977 ~/.vimrc (Unix) |
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978 s:.vimrc (Amiga) |
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979 $VIM\_vimrc (Win32) |
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980 ~/config/settings/vim/vimrc (Haiku) |
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981 |
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982 Note that creating a vimrc file will cause the 'compatible' option to be off |
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983 by default. See |compatible-default|. |
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984 |
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985 Local setup: |
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986 Put all commands that you need for editing a specific directory only into a |
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987 vimrc file and place it in that directory under the name ".vimrc" ("_vimrc" |
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988 for Win32). NOTE: To make Vim look for these special files you have to turn |
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989 on the option 'exrc'. See |trojan-horse| too. |
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990 |
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991 System setup: |
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992 This only applies if you are managing a Unix system with several users and |
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993 want to set the defaults for all users. Create a vimrc file with commands |
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994 for default settings and mappings and put it in the place that is given with |
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995 the ":version" command. |
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996 |
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997 |
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998 Saving the current state of Vim to a file ~ |
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999 |
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1000 Whenever you have changed values of options or when you have created a |
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1001 mapping, then you may want to save them in a vimrc file for later use. See |
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1002 |save-settings| about saving the current state of settings to a file. |
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1003 |
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1004 |
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1005 Avoiding setup problems for Vi users ~ |
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1006 |
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1007 Vi uses the variable EXINIT and the file "~/.exrc". So if you do not want to |
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1008 interfere with Vi, then use the variable VIMINIT and the file "vimrc" instead. |
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1009 |
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1010 |
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1011 Amiga environment variables ~ |
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1012 |
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1013 On the Amiga, two types of environment variables exist. The ones set with the |
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1014 DOS 1.3 (or later) setenv command are recognized. See the AmigaDos 1.3 |
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1015 manual. The environment variables set with the old Manx Set command (before |
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1016 version 5.0) are not recognized. |
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1017 |
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1018 |
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1019 MS-Windows line separators ~ |
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1020 |
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1021 On MS-Windows, Vim assumes that all the vimrc files have <CR><NL> pairs as |
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1022 line separators. This will give problems if you have a file with only <NL>s |
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1023 and have a line like ":map xx yy^M". The trailing ^M will be ignored. |
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1024 |
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1025 |
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1026 Vi compatible default value ~ |
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1027 *compatible-default* |
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1028 When Vim starts, the 'compatible' option is on. This will be used when Vim |
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1029 starts its initializations. But as soon as: |
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1030 - a user vimrc file is found, or |
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1031 - a vimrc file in the current directory is found, or |
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1032 - the "VIMINIT" environment variable is set, or |
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1033 - the "-N" command line argument is given, or |
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1034 - the "--clean" command line argument is given, or |
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1035 - the |defaults.vim| script is loaded, or |
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1036 - a gvimrc file was found, |
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1037 then the option will be set to 'nocompatible'. |
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1038 |
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1039 Note that this does NOT happen when a system-wide vimrc file was found. |
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1040 |
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1041 This has the side effect of setting or resetting other options (see |
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1042 'compatible'). But only the options that have not been set or reset will be |
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1043 changed. This has the same effect like the value of 'compatible' had this |
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1044 value when starting Vim. |
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1045 |
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1046 'compatible' is NOT reset, and |defaults.vim| is not loaded: |
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1047 - when Vim was started with the |-u| command line argument, especially with |
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1048 "-u NONE", or |
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1049 - when started with the |-C| command line argument, or |
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1050 - when the name of the executable ends in "ex". (This has been done to make |
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1051 Vim behave like "ex", when it is started as "ex") |
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1052 |
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1053 But there is a side effect of setting or resetting 'compatible' at the moment |
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1054 a .vimrc file is found: Mappings are interpreted the moment they are |
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1055 encountered. This makes a difference when using things like "<CR>". If the |
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1056 mappings depend on a certain value of 'compatible', set or reset it before |
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1057 giving the mapping. |
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1058 |
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1059 |
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1060 Defaults without a .vimrc file ~ |
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1061 *defaults.vim* *E1187* |
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1062 If Vim is started normally and no user vimrc file is found, the |
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1063 $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim script is loaded. This will set 'compatible' off, |
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1064 switch on syntax highlighting and a few more things. See the script for |
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1065 details. NOTE: this is done since Vim 8.0, not in Vim 7.4. (it was added in |
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1066 patch 7.4.2111 to be exact). |
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1067 |
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1068 This should work well for new Vim users. If you create your own .vimrc, it is |
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1069 recommended to add these lines somewhere near the top: > |
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1070 unlet! skip_defaults_vim |
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1071 source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim |
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1072 Then Vim works like before you had a .vimrc. Copying $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example |
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1073 is way to do this. Alternatively, you can copy defaults.vim to your .vimrc |
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1074 and modify it (but then you won't get updates when it changes). |
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1075 |
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1076 If you don't like some of the defaults, you can still source defaults.vim and |
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1077 revert individual settings. See the defaults.vim file for hints on how to |
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1078 revert each item. |
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1079 *skip_defaults_vim* |
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1080 If you use a system-wide vimrc and don't want defaults.vim to change settings, |
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1081 set the "skip_defaults_vim" variable. If this was set and you want to load |
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1082 defaults.vim from your .vimrc, first unlet skip_defaults_vim, as in the |
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1083 example above. |
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1084 |
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1085 |
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1086 Avoiding trojan horses ~ |
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1087 *trojan-horse* |
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1088 While reading the "vimrc" or the "exrc" file in the current directory, some |
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1089 commands can be disabled for security reasons by setting the 'secure' option. |
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1090 This is always done when executing the command from a tags file. Otherwise it |
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1091 would be possible that you accidentally use a vimrc or tags file that somebody |
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1092 else created and contains nasty commands. The disabled commands are the ones |
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1093 that start a shell, the ones that write to a file, and ":autocmd". The ":map" |
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1094 commands are echoed, so you can see which keys are being mapped. |
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1095 If you want Vim to execute all commands in a local vimrc file, you |
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1096 can reset the 'secure' option in the EXINIT or VIMINIT environment variable or |
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1097 in the global "exrc" or "vimrc" file. This is not possible in "vimrc" or |
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1098 "exrc" in the current directory, for obvious reasons. |
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1099 On Unix systems, this only happens if you are not the owner of the |
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1100 vimrc file. Warning: If you unpack an archive that contains a vimrc or exrc |
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1101 file, it will be owned by you. You won't have the security protection. Check |
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1102 the vimrc file before you start Vim in that directory, or reset the 'exrc' |
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1103 option. Some Unix systems allow a user to do "chown" on a file. This makes |
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1104 it possible for another user to create a nasty vimrc and make you the owner. |
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1105 Be careful! |
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1106 When using tag search commands, executing the search command (the last |
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1107 part of the line in the tags file) is always done in secure mode. This works |
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1108 just like executing a command from a vimrc/exrc in the current directory. |
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1109 |
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1110 |
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1111 If Vim startup is slow ~ |
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1112 *slow-start* |
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1113 If Vim takes a long time to start up, use the |--startuptime| argument to find |
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1114 out what happens. There are a few common causes: |
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1115 - If the Unix version was compiled with the GUI and/or X11 (check the output |
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1116 of ":version" for "+GUI" and "+X11"), it may need to load shared libraries |
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1117 and connect to the X11 server. Try compiling a version with GUI and X11 |
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1118 disabled. This also should make the executable smaller. |
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1119 Use the |-X| command line argument to avoid connecting to the X server when |
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1120 running in a terminal. |
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1121 - If you have "viminfo" enabled, the loading of the viminfo file may take a |
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1122 while. You can find out if this is the problem by disabling viminfo for a |
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1123 moment (use the Vim argument "-i NONE", |-i|). Try reducing the number of |
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1124 lines stored in a register with ":set viminfo='20,<50,s10". |viminfo-file|. |
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1125 |
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1126 |
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1127 Intro message ~ |
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1128 *:intro* |
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1129 When Vim starts without a file name, an introductory message is displayed (for |
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1130 those who don't know what Vim is). It is removed as soon as the display is |
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1131 redrawn in any way. To see the message again, use the ":intro" command (if |
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1132 there is not enough room, you will see only part of it). |
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1133 To avoid the intro message on startup, add the 'I' flag to 'shortmess'. |
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1134 |
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1135 *info-message* |
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1136 The |--help| and |--version| arguments cause Vim to print a message and then |
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1137 exit. Normally the message is sent to stdout, thus can be redirected to a |
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1138 file with: > |
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1139 |
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1140 vim --help >file |
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1141 |
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1142 From inside Vim: > |
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1143 |
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1144 :read !vim --help |
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1145 |
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1146 When using gvim, it detects that it might have been started from the desktop, |
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1147 without a terminal to show messages on. This is detected when both stdout and |
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1148 stderr are not a tty. This breaks the ":read" command, as used in the example |
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1149 above. To make it work again, set 'shellredir' to ">" instead of the default |
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1150 ">&": > |
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1151 |
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1152 :set shellredir=> |
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1153 :read !gvim --help |
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1154 |
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1155 This still won't work for systems where gvim does not use stdout at all |
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1156 though. |
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1157 |
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1158 ============================================================================== |
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1159 5. $VIM and $VIMRUNTIME |
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1160 *$VIM* |
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1161 The environment variable "$VIM" is used to locate various user files for Vim, |
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1162 such as the user startup script ".vimrc". This depends on the system, see |
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1163 |startup|. |
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1164 |
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1165 To avoid the need for every user to set the $VIM environment variable, Vim |
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1166 will try to get the value for $VIM in this order: |
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1167 1. The value defined by the $VIM environment variable. You can use this to |
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1168 make Vim look in a specific directory for its support files. Example: > |
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1169 setenv VIM /home/paul/vim |
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1170 2. The path from 'helpfile' is used, unless it contains some environment |
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1171 variable too (the default is "$VIMRUNTIME/doc/help.txt": chicken-egg |
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1172 problem). The file name ("help.txt" or any other) is removed. Then |
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1173 trailing directory names are removed, in this order: "doc", "runtime" and |
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1174 "vim{version}" (e.g., "vim82"). |
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1175 3. For Win32 Vim tries to use the directory name of the executable. If it |
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1176 ends in "/src", this is removed. This is useful if you unpacked the .zip |
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1177 file in some directory, and adjusted the search path to find the vim |
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1178 executable. Trailing directory names are removed, in this order: "runtime" |
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1179 and "vim{version}" (e.g., "vim82"). |
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1180 4. For Unix the compile-time defined installation directory is used (see the |
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1181 output of ":version"). |
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1182 |
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1183 Once Vim has done this once, it will set the $VIM environment variable. To |
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1184 change it later, use a ":let" command like this: > |
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1185 :let $VIM = "/home/paul/vim/" |
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1186 < |
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1187 *$VIMRUNTIME* |
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1188 The environment variable "$VIMRUNTIME" is used to locate various support |
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1189 files, such as the on-line documentation and files used for syntax |
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1190 highlighting. For example, the main help file is normally |
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1191 "$VIMRUNTIME/doc/help.txt". |
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1192 You don't normally set $VIMRUNTIME yourself, but let Vim figure it out. This |
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1193 is the order used to find the value of $VIMRUNTIME: |
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1194 1. If the environment variable $VIMRUNTIME is set, it is used. You can use |
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1195 this when the runtime files are in an unusual location. |
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1196 2. If "$VIM/vim{version}" exists, it is used. {version} is the version |
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1197 number of Vim, without any '-' or '.'. For example: "$VIM/vim82". This is |
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1198 the normal value for $VIMRUNTIME. |
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1199 3. If "$VIM/runtime" exists, it is used. |
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1200 4. The value of $VIM is used. This is for backwards compatibility with older |
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1201 versions. |
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1202 5. When the 'helpfile' option is set and doesn't contain a '$', its value is |
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1203 used, with "doc/help.txt" removed from the end. |
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1204 |
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1205 For Unix, when there is a compiled-in default for $VIMRUNTIME (check the |
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1206 output of ":version"), steps 2, 3 and 4 are skipped, and the compiled-in |
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1207 default is used after step 5. This means that the compiled-in default |
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1208 overrules the value of $VIM. This is useful if $VIM is "/etc" and the runtime |
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1209 files are in "/usr/share/vim/vim82". |
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1210 |
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1211 Once Vim has done this once, it will set the $VIMRUNTIME environment variable. |
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1212 To change it later, use a ":let" command like this: > |
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1213 :let $VIMRUNTIME = "/home/piet/vim/vim82" |
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1214 |
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1215 In case you need the value of $VIMRUNTIME in a shell (e.g., for a script that |
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1216 greps in the help files) you might be able to use this: > |
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1217 |
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1218 VIMRUNTIME=`vim -e -T dumb --cmd 'exe "set t_cm=\<C-M>"|echo $VIMRUNTIME|quit' | tr -d '\015' ` |
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1219 |
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1220 Don't set $VIMRUNTIME to an empty value, some things may stop working. |
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1221 |
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1222 ============================================================================== |
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1223 6. Suspending *suspend* |
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1224 |
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1225 *iconize* *iconise* *CTRL-Z* *v_CTRL-Z* |
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1226 CTRL-Z Suspend Vim, like ":stop". |
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1227 Works in Normal and in Visual mode. In Insert and |
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1228 Command-line mode, the CTRL-Z is inserted as a normal |
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1229 character. In Visual mode Vim goes back to Normal |
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1230 mode. |
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1231 Note: if CTRL-Z undoes a change see |mswin.vim|. |
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1232 |
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1233 |
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1234 :sus[pend][!] or *:sus* *:suspend* *:st* *:stop* |
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1235 :st[op][!] Suspend Vim. |
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1236 If the '!' is not given and 'autowrite' is set, every |
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1237 buffer with changes and a file name is written out. |
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1238 If the '!' is given or 'autowrite' is not set, changed |
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1239 buffers are not written, don't forget to bring Vim |
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1240 back to the foreground later! |
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1241 |
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1242 In the GUI, suspending is implemented as iconising gvim. In MS-Windows, gvim |
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1243 is minimized. |
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1244 |
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1245 On many Unix systems, it is possible to suspend Vim with CTRL-Z. This is only |
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1246 possible in Normal and Visual mode (see next chapter, |vim-modes|). Vim will |
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1247 continue if you make it the foreground job again. On other systems, CTRL-Z |
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1248 will start a new shell. This is the same as the ":sh" command. Vim will |
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1249 continue if you exit from the shell. |
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1250 |
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1251 In X-windows the selection is disowned when Vim suspends. this means you |
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1252 can't paste it in another application (since Vim is going to sleep an attempt |
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1253 to get the selection would make the program hang). |
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1254 |
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1255 ============================================================================== |
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1256 7. Exiting *exiting* |
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1257 |
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1258 There are several ways to exit Vim: |
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1259 - Close the last window with `:quit`. Only when there are no changes. |
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1260 - Close the last window with `:quit!`. Also when there are changes. |
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1261 - Close all windows with `:qall`. Only when there are no changes. |
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1262 - Close all windows with `:qall!`. Also when there are changes. |
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1263 - Use `:cquit`. Also when there are changes. |
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1264 |
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1265 When using `:cquit` or when there was an error message Vim exits with exit |
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1266 code 1. Errors can be avoided by using `:silent!` or with `:catch`. |
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1267 |
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1268 ============================================================================== |
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1269 8. Saving settings *save-settings* |
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1270 |
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1271 Mostly you will edit your vimrc files manually. This gives you the greatest |
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1272 flexibility. There are a few commands to generate a vimrc file automatically. |
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1273 You can use these files as they are, or copy/paste lines to include in another |
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1274 vimrc file. |
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1275 |
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1276 *:mk* *:mkexrc* |
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1277 :mk[exrc] [file] Write current key mappings and changed options to |
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1278 [file] (default ".exrc" in the current directory), |
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1279 unless it already exists. |
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1280 |
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1281 :mk[exrc]! [file] Always write current key mappings and changed |
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1282 options to [file] (default ".exrc" in the current |
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1283 directory). |
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1284 |
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1285 *:mkv* *:mkvi* *:mkvimrc* |
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1286 :mkv[imrc][!] [file] Like ":mkexrc", but the default is ".vimrc" in the |
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1287 current directory. The ":version" command is also |
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1288 written to the file. |
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1289 |
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1290 These commands will write ":map" and ":set" commands to a file, in such a way |
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1291 that when these commands are executed, the current key mappings and options |
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1292 will be set to the same values. The options 'columns', 'endofline', |
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1293 'fileformat', 'key', 'lines', 'modified', 'scroll', 'term', 'textmode', |
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1294 'ttyfast' and 'ttymouse' are not included, because these are terminal or file |
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1295 dependent. Note that the options 'binary', 'paste' and 'readonly' are |
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1296 included, this might not always be what you want. |
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1297 |
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1298 When special keys are used in mappings, The 'cpoptions' option will be |
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1299 temporarily set to its Vim default, to avoid the mappings to be |
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1300 misinterpreted. This makes the file incompatible with Vi, but makes sure it |
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1301 can be used with different terminals. |
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1302 |
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1303 Only global mappings are stored, not mappings local to a buffer. |
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1304 |
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1305 A common method is to use a default ".vimrc" file, make some modifications |
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1306 with ":map" and ":set" commands and write the modified file. First read the |
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1307 default ".vimrc" in with a command like ":source ~piet/.vimrc.Cprogs", change |
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1308 the settings and then save them in the current directory with ":mkvimrc!". If |
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1309 you want to make this file your default .vimrc, move it to your home directory |
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1310 (on Unix), s: (Amiga) or $VIM directory (MS-Windows). You could also use |
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1311 autocommands |autocommand| and/or modelines |modeline|. |
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1312 |
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1313 *vimrc-option-example* |
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1314 If you only want to add a single option setting to your vimrc, you can use |
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1315 these steps: |
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1316 1. Edit your vimrc file with Vim. |
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1317 2. Play with the option until it's right. E.g., try out different values for |
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1318 'guifont'. |
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1319 3. Append a line to set the value of the option, using the expression register |
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1320 '=' to enter the value. E.g., for the 'guifont' option: > |
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1321 o:set guifont=<C-R>=&guifont<CR><Esc> |
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1322 < [<C-R> is a CTRL-R, <CR> is a return, <Esc> is the escape key] |
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1323 You need to escape special characters, esp. spaces. |
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1324 |
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1325 Note that when you create a .vimrc file, this can influence the 'compatible' |
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1326 option, which has several side effects. See |'compatible'|. |
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1327 ":mkvimrc", ":mkexrc" and ":mksession" write the command to set or reset the |
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1328 'compatible' option to the output file first, because of these side effects. |
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1329 |
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1330 ============================================================================== |
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1331 9. Views and Sessions *views-sessions* |
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1332 |
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1333 This is introduced in sections |21.4| and |21.5| of the user manual. |
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1334 |
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1335 *View* *view-file* |
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1336 A View is a collection of settings that apply to one window. You can save a |
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1337 View and when you restore it later, the text is displayed in the same way. |
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1338 The options and mappings in this window will also be restored, so that you can |
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|
1339 continue editing like when the View was saved. |
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1340 |
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1341 *Session* *session-file* |
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1342 A Session keeps the Views for all windows, plus the global settings. You can |
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|
1343 save a Session and when you restore it later the window layout looks the same. |
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1344 You can use a Session to quickly switch between different projects, |
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1345 automatically loading the files you were last working on in that project. |
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|
1346 |
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1347 Views and Sessions are a nice addition to viminfo-files, which are used to |
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|
1348 remember information for all Views and Sessions together |viminfo-file|. |
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1349 |
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1350 You can quickly start editing with a previously saved View or Session with the |
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|
1351 |-S| argument: > |
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1352 vim -S Session.vim |
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1353 < |
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1354 All this is {not available when compiled without the |+mksession| feature}. |
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1355 |
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1356 *:mks* *:mksession* |
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1357 :mks[ession][!] [file] Write a Vim script that restores the current editing |
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1358 session. |
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|
1359 When [!] is included an existing file is overwritten. |
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1360 When [file] is omitted "Session.vim" is used. |
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1361 |
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1362 The output of ":mksession" is like ":mkvimrc", but additional commands are |
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1363 added to the file. Which ones depends on the 'sessionoptions' option. The |
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1364 resulting file, when executed with a ":source" command: |
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1365 1. Restores global mappings and options, if 'sessionoptions' contains |
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|
1366 "options". Script-local mappings will not be written. |
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1367 2. Restores global variables that start with an uppercase letter and contain |
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1368 at least one lowercase letter, if 'sessionoptions' contains "globals". |
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1369 3. Closes all windows in the current tab page, except the current one; closes |
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1370 all tab pages except the current one (this results in currently loaded |
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1371 buffers to be unloaded, some may become hidden if 'hidden' is set or |
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1372 otherwise specified); wipes out the current buffer, if it is empty |
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1373 and unnamed. |
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1374 4. Restores the current directory if 'sessionoptions' contains "curdir", or |
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1375 sets the current directory to where the Session file is if 'sessionoptions' |
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1376 contains "sesdir". |
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1377 5. Restores GUI Vim window position, if 'sessionoptions' contains "winpos". |
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1378 6. Restores screen size, if 'sessionoptions' contains "resize". |
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|
1379 7. Reloads the buffer list, with the last cursor positions. If |
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|
1380 'sessionoptions' contains "buffers" then all buffers are restored, |
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1381 including hidden and unloaded buffers. Otherwise only buffers in windows |
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|
1382 are restored. |
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|
1383 8. Restores all windows with the same layout. If 'sessionoptions' contains |
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|
1384 "help", help windows are restored. If 'sessionoptions' contains "blank", |
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|
1385 windows editing a buffer without a name will be restored. |
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1386 If 'sessionoptions' contains "winsize" and no (help/blank) windows were |
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1387 left out, the window sizes are restored (relative to the screen size). |
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|
1388 Otherwise, the windows are just given sensible sizes. |
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1389 9. Restores the Views for all the windows, as with |:mkview|. But |
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|
1390 'sessionoptions' is used instead of 'viewoptions'. |
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|
1391 10. If a file exists with the same name as the Session file, but ending in |
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|
1392 "x.vim" (for eXtra), executes that as well. You can use *x.vim files to |
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|
1393 specify additional settings and actions associated with a given Session, |
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|
1394 such as creating menu items in the GUI version. |
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|
1395 |
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|
1396 After restoring the Session, the full filename of your current Session is |
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|
1397 available in the internal variable "v:this_session" |this_session-variable|. |
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|
1398 An example mapping: > |
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|
1399 :nmap <F2> :wa<Bar>exe "mksession! " .. v:this_session<CR>:so ~/sessions/ |
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1400 This saves the current Session, and starts off the command to load another. |
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|
1401 |
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|
1402 A session includes all tab pages, unless "tabpages" was removed from |
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|
1403 'sessionoptions'. |tab-page| |
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1404 |
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|
1405 The |SessionLoadPost| autocmd event is triggered after a session file is |
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|
1406 loaded/sourced. |
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|
1407 *SessionLoad-variable* |
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|
1408 While the session file is loading the SessionLoad global variable is set to 1. |
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|
1409 Plugins can use this to postpone some work until the SessionLoadPost event is |
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|
1410 triggered. |
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1411 |
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|
1412 *:mkvie* *:mkview* |
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1413 :mkvie[w][!] [file] Write a Vim script that restores the contents of the |
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|
1414 current window. |
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|
1415 When [!] is included an existing file is overwritten. |
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|
1416 When [file] is omitted or is a number from 1 to 9, a |
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|
1417 name is generated and 'viewdir' prepended. When the |
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|
1418 last path part of 'viewdir' does not exist, this |
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|
1419 directory is created. E.g., when 'viewdir' is |
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|
1420 "$VIM/vimfiles/view" then "view" is created in |
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|
1421 "$VIM/vimfiles". |
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|
1422 An existing file is always overwritten then. Use |
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|
1423 |:loadview| to load this view again. |
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|
1424 When [file] is the name of a file ('viewdir' is not |
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|
1425 used), a command to edit the file is added to the |
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|
1426 generated file. |
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|
1427 |
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|
1428 The output of ":mkview" contains these items: |
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|
1429 1. The argument list used in the window. When the global argument list is |
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|
1430 used it is reset to the global list. |
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1431 The index in the argument list is also restored. |
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1432 2. The file being edited in the window. If there is no file, the window is |
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|
1433 made empty. |
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|
1434 3. Restore mappings, abbreviations and options local to the window if |
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|
1435 'viewoptions' contains "options" or "localoptions". For the options it |
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|
1436 restores only values that are local to the current buffer and values local |
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|
1437 to the window. |
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|
1438 When storing the view as part of a session and "options" is in |
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|
1439 'sessionoptions', global values for local options will be stored too. |
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|
1440 4. Restore folds when using manual folding and 'viewoptions' contains |
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|
1441 "folds". Restore manually opened and closed folds. |
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|
1442 5. The scroll position and the cursor position in the file. Doesn't work very |
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|
1443 well when there are closed folds. |
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1444 6. The local current directory, if it is different from the global current |
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|
1445 directory and 'viewoptions' contains "curdir". |
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1446 |
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1447 Note that Views and Sessions are not perfect: |
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1448 - They don't restore everything. For example, defined functions, autocommands |
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1449 and ":syntax on" are not included. Things like register contents and |
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1450 command line history are in viminfo, not in Sessions or Views. |
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1451 - Global option values are only set when they differ from the default value. |
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|
1452 When the current value is not the default value, loading a Session will not |
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|
1453 set it back to the default value. Local options will be set back to the |
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|
1454 default value though. |
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1455 - Existing mappings will be overwritten without warning. An existing mapping |
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|
1456 may cause an error for ambiguity. |
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1457 - When storing manual folds and when storing manually opened/closed folds, |
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|
1458 changes in the file between saving and loading the view will mess it up. |
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1459 - The Vim script is not very efficient. But still faster than typing the |
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|
1460 commands yourself! |
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1461 |
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|
1462 *:lo* *:loadview* |
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|
1463 :lo[adview] [nr] Load the view for the current file. When [nr] is |
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|
1464 omitted, the view stored with ":mkview" is loaded. |
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|
1465 When [nr] is specified, the view stored with ":mkview |
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|
1466 [nr]" is loaded. |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
1467 |
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|
1468 The combination of ":mkview" and ":loadview" can be used to store up to ten |
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diff
changeset
|
1469 different views of a file. These are remembered in the directory specified |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1470 with the 'viewdir' option. The views are stored using the file name. If a |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
1471 file is renamed or accessed through a (symbolic) link the view will not be |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
1472 found. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1473 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1474 You might want to clean up your 'viewdir' directory now and then. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1475 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1476 To automatically save and restore views for *.c files: > |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1477 au BufWinLeave *.c mkview |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1478 au BufWinEnter *.c silent loadview |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1479 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1480 ============================================================================== |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1481 10. The viminfo file *viminfo* *viminfo-file* *E136* |
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diff
changeset
|
1482 *E575* *E576* *E577* |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1483 If you exit Vim and later start it again, you would normally lose a lot of |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
1484 information. The viminfo file can be used to remember that information, which |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1485 enables you to continue where you left off. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1486 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1487 This is introduced in section |21.3| of the user manual. |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
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|
1488 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1489 The viminfo file is used to store: |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1490 - The command line history. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1491 - The search string history. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1492 - The input-line history. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1493 - Contents of non-empty registers. |
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diff
changeset
|
1494 - Marks for several files. |
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parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
1495 - File marks, pointing to locations in files. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1496 - Last search/substitute pattern (for 'n' and '&'). |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1497 - The buffer list. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1498 - Global variables. |
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parents:
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diff
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|
1499 |
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diff
changeset
|
1500 The viminfo file is not supported when the |+viminfo| feature has been |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1501 disabled at compile time. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1502 |
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diff
changeset
|
1503 You could also use a Session file. The difference is that the viminfo file |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1504 does not depend on what you are working on. There normally is only one |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1505 viminfo file. Session files are used to save the state of a specific editing |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1506 Session. You could have several Session files, one for each project you are |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1507 working on. Viminfo and Session files together can be used to effectively |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1508 enter Vim and directly start working in your desired setup. |session-file| |
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Fix line endings issue
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|
1509 |
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|
1510 *viminfo-read* |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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|
1511 When Vim is started and the 'viminfo' option is non-empty, the contents of |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1512 the viminfo file are read and the info can be used in the appropriate places. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1513 The |v:oldfiles| variable is filled. The marks are not read in at startup |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1514 (but file marks are). See |initialization| for how to set the 'viminfo' |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1515 option upon startup. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1516 |
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diff
changeset
|
1517 *viminfo-write* |
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diff
changeset
|
1518 When Vim exits and 'viminfo' is non-empty, the info is stored in the viminfo |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1519 file (it's actually merged with the existing one, if one exists). The |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1520 'viminfo' option is a string containing information about what info should be |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
1521 stored, and contains limits on how much should be stored (see 'viminfo'). |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1522 |
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diff
changeset
|
1523 Merging happens in two ways. Most items that have been changed or set in the |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1524 current Vim session are stored, and what was not changed is filled from what |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1525 is currently in the viminfo file. For example: |
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parents:
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diff
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|
1526 - Vim session A reads the viminfo, which contains variable START. |
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changeset
|
1527 - Vim session B does the same |
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changeset
|
1528 - Vim session A sets the variables AAA and BOTH and exits |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1529 - Vim session B sets the variables BBB and BOTH and exits |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1530 Now the viminfo will have: |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1531 START - it was in the viminfo and wasn't changed in session A or B |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1532 AAA - value from session A, session B kept it |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1533 BBB - value from session B |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
1534 BOTH - value from session B, value from session A is lost |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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changeset
|
1535 |
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changeset
|
1536 *viminfo-timestamp* |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1537 For some items a timestamp is used to keep the last changed version. Here it |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1538 doesn't matter in which sequence Vim sessions exit, the newest item(s) are |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1539 always kept. This is used for: |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1540 - The command line history. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1541 - The search string history. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1542 - The input-line history. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1543 - Contents of non-empty registers. |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1544 - The jump list |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1545 - File marks |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1546 The timestamp feature was added before Vim 8.0. Older versions of Vim, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1547 starting with 7.4.1131, will keep the items with timestamp, but not use them. |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1548 Thus when using both an older and a newer version of Vim the most recent data |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1549 will be kept. |
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diff
changeset
|
1550 |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1551 Notes for Unix: |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1552 - The file protection for the viminfo file will be set to prevent other users |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1553 from being able to read it, because it may contain any text or commands that |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1554 you have worked with. |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1555 - If you want to share the viminfo file with other users (e.g. when you "su" |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
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|
1556 to another user), you can make the file writable for the group or everybody. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1557 Vim will preserve this when replacing the viminfo file. Be careful, don't |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1558 allow just anybody to read and write your viminfo file! |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1559 - Vim will not overwrite a viminfo file that is not writable by the current |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1560 "real" user. This helps for when you did "su" to become root, but your |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1561 $HOME is still set to a normal user's home directory. Otherwise Vim would |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1562 create a viminfo file owned by root that nobody else can read. |
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Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1563 - The viminfo file cannot be a symbolic link. This is to avoid security |
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1564 issues. |
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Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
1565 |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
1566 Marks are stored for each file separately. When a file is read and 'viminfo' |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
1567 is non-empty, the marks for that file are read from the viminfo file. NOTE: |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1568 The marks are only written when exiting Vim, which is fine because marks are |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1569 remembered for all the files you have opened in the current editing session, |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1570 unless ":bdel" is used. If you want to save the marks for a file that you are |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1571 about to abandon with ":bdel", use ":wv". The '[' and ']' marks are not |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
1572 stored, but the '"' mark is. The '"' mark is very useful for jumping to the |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1573 cursor position when the file was last exited. No marks are saved for files |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
32669
diff
changeset
|
1574 that start with any string given with the "r" flag in 'viminfo'. This can be |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1575 used to avoid saving marks for files on removable media (for MS-Windows you |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1576 would use "ra:,rb:", for Amiga "rdf0:,rdf1:,rdf2:"). |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
1577 The |v:oldfiles| variable is filled with the file names that the viminfo file |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1578 has marks for. |
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diff
changeset
|
1579 |
695b50472e85
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changeset
|
1580 *viminfo-file-marks* |
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changeset
|
1581 Uppercase marks ('A to 'Z) are stored when writing the viminfo file. The |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1582 numbered marks ('0 to '9) are a bit special. When the viminfo file is written |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1583 (when exiting or with the ":wviminfo" command), '0 is set to the current cursor |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1584 position and file. The old '0 is moved to '1, '1 to '2, etc. This |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
1585 resembles what happens with the "1 to "9 delete registers. If the current |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
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diff
changeset
|
1586 cursor position is already present in '0 to '9, it is moved to '0, to avoid |
695b50472e85
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1587 having the same position twice. The result is that with "'0", you can jump |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1588 back to the file and line where you exited Vim. To do that right away, try |
695b50472e85
Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1589 using this command: > |
695b50472e85
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Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1590 |
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changeset
|
1591 vim -c "normal '0" |
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changeset
|
1592 |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
1593 In a csh compatible shell you could make an alias for it: > |
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Fix line endings issue
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1594 |
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diff
changeset
|
1595 alias lvim vim -c '"'normal "'"0'"' |
695b50472e85
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diff
changeset
|
1596 |
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1597 For a bash-like shell: > |
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1598 |
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1599 alias lvim='vim -c "normal '\''0"' |
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1600 |
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1601 Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify for which files no marks should be |
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1602 remembered. |
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1603 |
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1604 |
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1605 VIMINFO FILE NAME *viminfo-file-name* |
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1606 |
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1607 - The default name of the viminfo file is "$HOME/.viminfo" for Unix, |
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1608 "s:.viminfo" for Amiga, "$HOME\_viminfo" for Win32. For Win32, when $HOME |
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1609 is not set, "$VIM\_viminfo" is used. When $VIM is also not set, |
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1610 "c:\_viminfo" is used. |
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1611 - The 'n' flag in the 'viminfo' option can be used to specify another viminfo |
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1612 file name |'viminfo'|. |
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1613 - The "-i" Vim argument can be used to set another file name, |-i|. When the |
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1614 file name given is "NONE" (all uppercase), no viminfo file is ever read or |
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1615 written. Also not for the commands below! |
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1616 - The 'viminfofile' option can be used like the "-i" argument. In fact, the |
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1617 value from the "-i" argument is stored in the 'viminfofile' option. |
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1618 - For the commands below, another file name can be given, overriding the |
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1619 default and the name given with 'viminfo' or "-i" (unless it's NONE). |
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1620 |
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1621 |
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1622 CHARACTER ENCODING *viminfo-encoding* |
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1623 |
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1624 The text in the viminfo file is encoded as specified with the 'encoding' |
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1625 option. Normally you will always work with the same 'encoding' value, and |
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1626 this works just fine. However, if you read the viminfo file with another |
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1627 value for 'encoding' than what it was written with, some of the text |
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1628 (non-ASCII characters) may be invalid. If this is unacceptable, add the 'c' |
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1629 flag to the 'viminfo' option: > |
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1630 :set viminfo+=c |
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1631 Vim will then attempt to convert the text in the viminfo file from the |
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1632 'encoding' value it was written with to the current 'encoding' value. This |
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1633 requires Vim to be compiled with the |+iconv| feature. Filenames are not |
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1634 converted. |
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1635 |
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1636 |
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1637 MANUALLY READING AND WRITING *viminfo-read-write* |
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1638 |
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1639 Two commands can be used to read and write the viminfo file manually. This |
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1640 can be used to exchange registers between two running Vim programs: First |
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1641 type ":wv" in one and then ":rv" in the other. Note that if the register |
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1642 already contained something, then ":rv!" would be required. Also note |
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1643 however that this means everything will be overwritten with information from |
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1644 the first Vim, including the command line history, etc. |
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1645 |
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1646 The viminfo file itself can be edited by hand too, although we suggest you |
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1647 start with an existing one to get the format right. It is reasonably |
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1648 self-explanatory once you're in there. This can be useful in order to |
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1649 create a second file, say "~/.my_viminfo" which could contain certain |
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1650 settings that you always want when you first start Vim. For example, you |
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1651 can preload registers with particular data, or put certain commands in the |
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1652 command line history. A line in your .vimrc file like > |
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1653 :rviminfo! ~/.my_viminfo |
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1654 can be used to load this information. You could even have different viminfos |
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1655 for different types of files (e.g., C code) and load them based on the file |
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1656 name, using the ":autocmd" command (see |:autocmd|). |
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1657 |
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1658 *viminfo-errors* |
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1659 When Vim detects an error while reading a viminfo file, it will not overwrite |
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1660 that file. If there are more than 10 errors, Vim stops reading the viminfo |
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1661 file. This was done to avoid accidentally destroying a file when the file |
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1662 name of the viminfo file is wrong. This could happen when accidentally typing |
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1663 "vim -i file" when you wanted "vim -R file" (yes, somebody accidentally did |
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1664 that!). If you want to overwrite a viminfo file with an error in it, you will |
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1665 either have to fix the error, or delete the file (while Vim is running, so |
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1666 most of the information will be restored). |
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1667 |
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1668 *:rv* *:rviminfo* *E195* |
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1669 :rv[iminfo][!] [file] Read from viminfo file [file] (default: see |
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1670 |viminfo-file-name| above). |
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1671 If [!] is given, then any information that is |
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1672 already set (registers, marks, |v:oldfiles|, etc.) |
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1673 will be overwritten |
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1674 |
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1675 *:wv* *:wviminfo* *E137* *E138* *E574* *E886* *E929* |
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1676 :wv[iminfo][!] [file] Write to viminfo file [file] (default: see |
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1677 |viminfo-file-name| above). |
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1678 This command has no effect when 'viminfofile' has been |
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1679 set to "NONE". |
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1680 The information in the file is first read in to make |
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1681 a merge between old and new info. When [!] is used, |
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1682 the old information is not read first, only the |
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1683 internal info is written. If 'viminfo' is empty, marks |
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1684 for up to 100 files will be written. |
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1685 When you get error "E929: Too many viminfo temp files" |
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1686 check that no old temp files were left behind (e.g. |
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1687 ~/.viminf*) and that you can write in the directory of |
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1688 the .viminfo file. |
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1689 |
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1690 *:ol* *:oldfiles* |
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1691 :ol[dfiles] List the files that have marks stored in the viminfo |
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1692 file. This list is read on startup and only changes |
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1693 afterwards with `:rviminfo!`. Also see |v:oldfiles|. |
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1694 The number can be used with |c_#<|. |
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1695 The output can be filtered with |:filter|, e.g.: > |
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1696 filter /\.vim/ oldfiles |
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1697 < The filtering happens on the file name. |
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1698 {only when compiled with the |+eval| feature} |
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1699 |
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1700 :bro[wse] ol[dfiles][!] |
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1701 List file names as with |:oldfiles|, and then prompt |
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1702 for a number. When the number is valid that file from |
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1703 the list is edited. |
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1704 If you get the |press-enter| prompt you can press "q" |
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1705 and still get the prompt to enter a file number. |
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1706 Use ! to abandon a modified buffer. |abandon| |
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1707 {not when compiled with tiny or small features} |
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1708 |
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1709 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |