Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/tips.txt @ 16323:b8fcb5017058
Added tag v8.1.1166 for changeset eb2fd769175f9681790192ceea2d4a35efc43948
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sat, 13 Apr 2019 20:45:05 +0200 |
| parents | 2f7e67dd088c |
| children | af69c9335223 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 13963 | 1 *tips.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2009 Nov 07 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Tips and ideas for using Vim *tips* | |
| 8 | |
|
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
9 These are just a few that we thought would be helpful for many users. |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
10 You can find many more tips on the wiki. The URL can be found on |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
11 http://www.vim.org |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
12 |
| 7 | 13 Don't forget to browse the user manual, it also contains lots of useful tips |
| 14 |usr_toc.txt|. | |
| 15 | |
| 16 Editing C programs |C-editing| | |
| 17 Finding where identifiers are used |ident-search| | |
| 18 Switching screens in an xterm |xterm-screens| | |
| 19 Scrolling in Insert mode |scroll-insert| | |
| 20 Smooth scrolling |scroll-smooth| | |
| 21 Correcting common typing mistakes |type-mistakes| | |
| 22 Counting words, lines, etc. |count-items| | |
| 23 Restoring the cursor position |restore-position| | |
| 24 Renaming files |rename-files| | |
|
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
25 Change a name in multiple files |change-name| |
| 7 | 26 Speeding up external commands |speed-up| |
| 27 Useful mappings |useful-mappings| | |
| 28 Compressing the help files |gzip-helpfile| | |
|
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
29 Executing shell commands in a window |shell-window| |
| 7 | 30 Hex editing |hex-editing| |
| 31 Using <> notation in autocommands |autocmd-<>| | |
| 667 | 32 Highlighting matching parens |match-parens| |
| 7 | 33 |
| 34 ============================================================================== | |
| 35 Editing C programs *C-editing* | |
| 36 | |
| 37 There are quite a few features in Vim to help you edit C program files. Here | |
| 38 is an overview with tags to jump to: | |
| 39 | |
| 40 |usr_29.txt| Moving through programs chapter in the user manual. | |
| 41 |usr_30.txt| Editing programs chapter in the user manual. | |
| 42 |C-indenting| Automatically set the indent of a line while typing | |
| 43 text. | |
| 44 |=| Re-indent a few lines. | |
| 45 |format-comments| Format comments. | |
| 46 | |
| 47 |:checkpath| Show all recursively included files. | |
| 48 |[i| Search for identifier under cursor in current and | |
| 49 included files. | |
| 50 |[_CTRL-I| Jump to match for "[i" | |
| 51 |[I| List all lines in current and included files where | |
| 52 identifier under the cursor matches. | |
| 53 |[d| Search for define under cursor in current and included | |
| 54 files. | |
| 55 | |
| 56 |CTRL-]| Jump to tag under cursor (e.g., definition of a | |
| 57 function). | |
| 58 |CTRL-T| Jump back to before a CTRL-] command. | |
| 59 |:tselect| Select one tag out of a list of matching tags. | |
| 60 | |
| 61 |gd| Go to Declaration of local variable under cursor. | |
| 62 |gD| Go to Declaration of global variable under cursor. | |
| 63 | |
| 64 |gf| Go to file name under the cursor. | |
| 65 | |
| 66 |%| Go to matching (), {}, [], /* */, #if, #else, #endif. | |
| 67 |[/| Go to previous start of comment. | |
| 68 |]/| Go to next end of comment. | |
| 69 |[#| Go back to unclosed #if, #ifdef, or #else. | |
| 70 |]#| Go forward to unclosed #else or #endif. | |
| 71 |[(| Go back to unclosed '(' | |
| 72 |])| Go forward to unclosed ')' | |
| 73 |[{| Go back to unclosed '{' | |
| 74 |]}| Go forward to unclosed '}' | |
| 75 | |
| 76 |v_ab| Select "a block" from "[(" to "])", including braces | |
| 77 |v_ib| Select "inner block" from "[(" to "])" | |
| 78 |v_aB| Select "a block" from "[{" to "]}", including brackets | |
| 79 |v_iB| Select "inner block" from "[{" to "]}" | |
| 80 | |
| 81 ============================================================================== | |
| 82 Finding where identifiers are used *ident-search* | |
| 83 | |
| 84 You probably already know that |tags| can be used to jump to the place where a | |
| 85 function or variable is defined. But sometimes you wish you could jump to all | |
| 86 the places where a function or variable is being used. This is possible in | |
| 87 two ways: | |
| 88 1. Using the |:grep| command. This should work on most Unix systems, | |
| 89 but can be slow (it reads all files) and only searches in one directory. | |
| 90 2. Using ID utils. This is fast and works in multiple directories. It uses a | |
| 91 database to store locations. You will need some additional programs for | |
| 92 this to work. And you need to keep the database up to date. | |
| 93 | |
| 94 Using the GNU id-tools: | |
| 95 | |
| 96 What you need: | |
| 97 - The GNU id-tools installed (mkid is needed to create ID and lid is needed to | |
| 98 use the macros). | |
| 99 - An identifier database file called "ID" in the current directory. You can | |
| 100 create it with the shell command "mkid file1 file2 ..". | |
| 101 | |
| 102 Put this in your .vimrc: > | |
| 103 map _u :call ID_search()<Bar>execute "/\\<" . g:word . "\\>"<CR> | |
| 104 map _n :n<Bar>execute "/\\<" . g:word . "\\>"<CR> | |
| 105 | |
| 106 function! ID_search() | |
| 107 let g:word = expand("<cword>") | |
| 108 let x = system("lid --key=none ". g:word) | |
| 109 let x = substitute(x, "\n", " ", "g") | |
| 110 execute "next " . x | |
| 111 endfun | |
| 112 | |
| 113 To use it, place the cursor on a word, type "_u" and vim will load the file | |
| 114 that contains the word. Search for the next occurrence of the word in the | |
| 115 same file with "n". Go to the next file with "_n". | |
| 116 | |
| 117 This has been tested with id-utils-3.2 (which is the name of the id-tools | |
| 118 archive file on your closest gnu-ftp-mirror). | |
| 119 | |
| 120 [the idea for this comes from Andreas Kutschera] | |
| 121 | |
| 122 ============================================================================== | |
| 123 Switching screens in an xterm *xterm-screens* *xterm-save-screen* | |
| 124 | |
| 125 (From comp.editors, by Juergen Weigert, in reply to a question) | |
| 126 | |
| 127 :> Another question is that after exiting vim, the screen is left as it | |
| 128 :> was, i.e. the contents of the file I was viewing (editing) was left on | |
| 129 :> the screen. The output from my previous like "ls" were lost, | |
| 130 :> ie. no longer in the scrolling buffer. I know that there is a way to | |
| 131 :> restore the screen after exiting vim or other vi like editors, | |
| 132 :> I just don't know how. Helps are appreciated. Thanks. | |
| 133 : | |
| 134 :I imagine someone else can answer this. I assume though that vim and vi do | |
| 135 :the same thing as each other for a given xterm setup. | |
| 136 | |
| 137 They not necessarily do the same thing, as this may be a termcap vs. | |
| 236 | 138 terminfo problem. You should be aware that there are two databases for |
| 7 | 139 describing attributes of a particular type of terminal: termcap and |
| 236 | 140 terminfo. This can cause differences when the entries differ AND when of |
| 7 | 141 the programs in question one uses terminfo and the other uses termcap |
| 142 (also see |+terminfo|). | |
| 143 | |
| 144 In your particular problem, you are looking for the control sequences | |
| 236 | 145 ^[[?47h and ^[[?47l. These switch between xterms alternate and main screen |
| 146 buffer. As a quick workaround a command sequence like > | |
| 7 | 147 echo -n "^[[?47h"; vim ... ; echo -n "^[[?47l" |
| 236 | 148 may do what you want. (My notation ^[ means the ESC character, further down |
| 7 | 149 you'll see that the databases use \E instead). |
| 150 | |
| 151 On startup, vim echoes the value of the termcap variable ti (terminfo: | |
| 236 | 152 smcup) to the terminal. When exiting, it echoes te (terminfo: rmcup). Thus |
| 7 | 153 these two variables are the correct place where the above mentioned control |
| 154 sequences should go. | |
| 155 | |
| 156 Compare your xterm termcap entry (found in /etc/termcap) with your xterm | |
| 1121 | 157 terminfo entry (retrieved with "infocmp -C xterm"). Both should contain |
| 158 entries similar to: > | |
| 7 | 159 :te=\E[2J\E[?47l\E8:ti=\E7\E[?47h: |
| 160 | |
| 161 PS: If you find any difference, someone (your sysadmin?) should better check | |
| 162 the complete termcap and terminfo database for consistency. | |
| 163 | |
| 164 NOTE 1: If you recompile Vim with FEAT_XTERM_SAVE defined in feature.h, the | |
| 165 builtin xterm will include the mentioned "te" and "ti" entries. | |
| 166 | |
| 167 NOTE 2: If you want to disable the screen switching, and you don't want to | |
| 168 change your termcap, you can add these lines to your .vimrc: > | |
| 169 :set t_ti= t_te= | |
| 170 | |
| 171 ============================================================================== | |
| 172 Scrolling in Insert mode *scroll-insert* | |
| 173 | |
| 174 If you are in insert mode and you want to see something that is just off the | |
| 175 screen, you can use CTRL-X CTRL-E and CTRL-X CTRL-Y to scroll the screen. | |
| 176 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-E| | |
| 177 | |
| 178 To make this easier, you could use these mappings: > | |
| 179 :inoremap <C-E> <C-X><C-E> | |
| 180 :inoremap <C-Y> <C-X><C-Y> | |
| 181 (Type this literally, make sure the '<' flag is not in 'cpoptions'). | |
| 182 You then lose the ability to copy text from the line above/below the cursor | |
| 183 |i_CTRL-E|. | |
| 184 | |
| 185 Also consider setting 'scrolloff' to a larger value, so that you can always see | |
| 186 some context around the cursor. If 'scrolloff' is bigger than half the window | |
| 187 height, the cursor will always be in the middle and the text is scrolled when | |
| 188 the cursor is moved up/down. | |
| 189 | |
| 190 ============================================================================== | |
| 191 Smooth scrolling *scroll-smooth* | |
| 192 | |
| 193 If you like the scrolling to go a bit smoother, you can use these mappings: > | |
| 194 :map <C-U> <C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y><C-Y> | |
| 195 :map <C-D> <C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E><C-E> | |
| 196 | |
| 197 (Type this literally, make sure the '<' flag is not in 'cpoptions'). | |
| 198 | |
| 199 ============================================================================== | |
| 200 Correcting common typing mistakes *type-mistakes* | |
| 201 | |
| 202 When there are a few words that you keep on typing in the wrong way, make | |
| 203 abbreviations that correct them. For example: > | |
| 204 :ab teh the | |
| 205 :ab fro for | |
| 206 | |
| 207 ============================================================================== | |
| 208 Counting words, lines, etc. *count-items* | |
| 209 | |
| 170 | 210 To count how often any pattern occurs in the current buffer use the substitute |
| 211 command and add the 'n' flag to avoid the substitution. The reported number | |
| 212 of substitutions is the number of items. Examples: > | |
| 7 | 213 |
| 170 | 214 :%s/./&/gn characters |
| 215 :%s/\i\+/&/gn words | |
| 216 :%s/^//n lines | |
| 217 :%s/the/&/gn "the" anywhere | |
| 218 :%s/\<the\>/&/gn "the" as a word | |
| 7 | 219 |
| 220 You might want to reset 'hlsearch' or do ":nohlsearch". | |
| 170 | 221 Add the 'e' flag if you don't want an error when there are no matches. |
| 7 | 222 |
| 170 | 223 An alternative is using |v_g_CTRL-G| in Visual mode. |
| 224 | |
| 225 If you want to find matches in multiple files use |:vimgrep|. | |
| 7 | 226 |
| 227 *count-bytes* | |
| 228 If you want to count bytes, you can use this: | |
| 229 | |
| 230 Visually select the characters (block is also possible) | |
| 231 Use "y" to yank the characters | |
| 232 Use the strlen() function: > | |
| 233 :echo strlen(@") | |
| 234 A line break is counted for one byte. | |
| 235 | |
| 236 ============================================================================== | |
| 237 Restoring the cursor position *restore-position* | |
| 238 | |
| 239 Sometimes you want to write a mapping that makes a change somewhere in the | |
| 240 file and restores the cursor position, without scrolling the text. For | |
| 241 example, to change the date mark in a file: > | |
| 242 :map <F2> msHmtgg/Last [cC]hange:\s*/e+1<CR>"_D"=strftime("%Y %b %d")<CR>p'tzt`s | |
| 243 | |
| 244 Breaking up saving the position: | |
| 245 ms store cursor position in the 's' mark | |
| 246 H go to the first line in the window | |
| 247 mt store this position in the 't' mark | |
| 248 | |
| 249 Breaking up restoring the position: | |
| 250 't go to the line previously at the top of the window | |
| 251 zt scroll to move this line to the top of the window | |
| 252 `s jump to the original position of the cursor | |
| 253 | |
|
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
254 For something more advanced see |winsaveview()| and |winrestview()|. |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
255 |
| 7 | 256 ============================================================================== |
| 257 Renaming files *rename-files* | |
| 258 | |
| 259 Say I have a directory with the following files in them (directory picked at | |
| 260 random :-): | |
| 261 | |
| 262 buffer.c | |
| 263 charset.c | |
| 264 digraph.c | |
| 265 ... | |
| 266 | |
| 267 and I want to rename *.c *.bla. I'd do it like this: > | |
| 268 | |
| 269 $ vim | |
| 246 | 270 :r !ls *.c |
| 7 | 271 :%s/\(.*\).c/mv & \1.bla |
| 272 :w !sh | |
| 273 :q! | |
| 274 | |
| 275 ============================================================================== | |
|
2033
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
276 Change a name in multiple files *change-name* |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
277 |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
278 Example for using a script file to change a name in several files: |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
279 |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
280 Create a file "subs.vim" containing substitute commands and a :update |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
281 command: > |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
282 :%s/Jones/Smith/g |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
283 :%s/Allen/Peter/g |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
284 :update |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
285 < |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
286 Execute Vim on all files you want to change, and source the script for |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
287 each argument: > |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
288 |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
289 vim *.let |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
290 argdo source subs.vim |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
291 |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
292 See |:argdo|. |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
293 |
|
de5a43c5eedc
Update documentation files.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@zimbu.org>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
294 ============================================================================== |
| 7 | 295 Speeding up external commands *speed-up* |
| 296 | |
| 297 In some situations, execution of an external command can be very slow. This | |
| 298 can also slow down wildcard expansion on Unix. Here are a few suggestions to | |
| 299 increase the speed. | |
| 300 | |
| 301 If your .cshrc (or other file, depending on the shell used) is very long, you | |
| 302 should separate it into a section for interactive use and a section for | |
| 303 non-interactive use (often called secondary shells). When you execute a | |
| 304 command from Vim like ":!ls", you do not need the interactive things (for | |
| 305 example, setting the prompt). Put the stuff that is not needed after these | |
| 306 lines: > | |
| 307 | |
| 308 if ($?prompt == 0) then | |
| 309 exit 0 | |
| 310 endif | |
| 311 | |
| 312 Another way is to include the "-f" flag in the 'shell' option, e.g.: > | |
| 313 | |
| 314 :set shell=csh\ -f | |
| 315 | |
| 316 (the backslash is needed to include the space in the option). | |
| 317 This will make csh completely skip the use of the .cshrc file. This may cause | |
| 318 some things to stop working though. | |
| 319 | |
| 320 ============================================================================== | |
| 321 Useful mappings *useful-mappings* | |
| 322 | |
| 323 Here are a few mappings that some people like to use. | |
| 324 | |
| 325 *map-backtick* > | |
| 326 :map ' ` | |
| 327 Make the single quote work like a backtick. Puts the cursor on the column of | |
| 328 a mark, instead of going to the first non-blank character in the line. | |
| 329 | |
| 330 *emacs-keys* | |
| 331 For Emacs-style editing on the command-line: > | |
| 332 " start of line | |
| 333 :cnoremap <C-A> <Home> | |
| 334 " back one character | |
| 335 :cnoremap <C-B> <Left> | |
| 336 " delete character under cursor | |
| 337 :cnoremap <C-D> <Del> | |
| 338 " end of line | |
| 339 :cnoremap <C-E> <End> | |
| 340 " forward one character | |
| 341 :cnoremap <C-F> <Right> | |
| 342 " recall newer command-line | |
| 343 :cnoremap <C-N> <Down> | |
| 344 " recall previous (older) command-line | |
| 345 :cnoremap <C-P> <Up> | |
| 346 " back one word | |
| 347 :cnoremap <Esc><C-B> <S-Left> | |
| 348 " forward one word | |
| 349 :cnoremap <Esc><C-F> <S-Right> | |
| 350 | |
| 351 NOTE: This requires that the '<' flag is excluded from 'cpoptions'. |<>| | |
| 352 | |
| 353 *format-bullet-list* | |
| 354 This mapping will format any bullet list. It requires that there is an empty | |
| 355 line above and below each list entry. The expression commands are used to | |
| 356 be able to give comments to the parts of the mapping. > | |
| 357 | |
| 358 :let m = ":map _f :set ai<CR>" " need 'autoindent' set | |
| 359 :let m = m . "{O<Esc>" " add empty line above item | |
| 360 :let m = m . "}{)^W" " move to text after bullet | |
| 361 :let m = m . "i <CR> <Esc>" " add space for indent | |
| 362 :let m = m . "gq}" " format text after the bullet | |
| 363 :let m = m . "{dd" " remove the empty line | |
| 364 :let m = m . "5lDJ" " put text after bullet | |
| 365 :execute m |" define the mapping | |
| 366 | |
| 367 (<> notation |<>|. Note that this is all typed literally. ^W is "^" "W", not | |
| 368 CTRL-W. You can copy/paste this into Vim if '<' is not included in | |
| 236 | 369 'cpoptions'.) |
| 7 | 370 |
| 371 Note that the last comment starts with |", because the ":execute" command | |
| 372 doesn't accept a comment directly. | |
| 373 | |
| 374 You also need to set 'textwidth' to a non-zero value, e.g., > | |
| 375 :set tw=70 | |
| 376 | |
| 377 A mapping that does about the same, but takes the indent for the list from the | |
| 378 first line (Note: this mapping is a single long line with a lot of spaces): > | |
| 379 :map _f :set ai<CR>}{a <Esc>WWmmkD`mi<CR><Esc>kkddpJgq}'mJO<Esc>j | |
| 380 < | |
| 381 *collapse* | |
| 382 These two mappings reduce a sequence of empty (;b) or blank (;n) lines into a | |
| 383 single line > | |
| 384 :map ;b GoZ<Esc>:g/^$/.,/./-j<CR>Gdd | |
| 385 :map ;n GoZ<Esc>:g/^[ <Tab>]*$/.,/[^ <Tab>]/-j<CR>Gdd | |
| 386 | |
| 387 ============================================================================== | |
| 388 Compressing the help files *gzip-helpfile* | |
| 389 | |
| 390 For those of you who are really short on disk space, you can compress the help | |
| 391 files and still be able to view them with Vim. This makes accessing the help | |
| 392 files a bit slower and requires the "gzip" program. | |
| 393 | |
| 394 (1) Compress all the help files: "gzip doc/*.txt". | |
| 395 | |
| 396 (2) Edit "doc/tags" and change the ".txt" to ".txt.gz": > | |
| 397 :%s=\(\t.*\.txt\)\t=\1.gz\t= | |
| 398 | |
| 399 (3) Add this line to your vimrc: > | |
| 400 set helpfile={dirname}/help.txt.gz | |
| 401 | |
| 402 Where {dirname} is the directory where the help files are. The |gzip| plugin | |
| 403 will take care of decompressing the files. | |
| 404 You must make sure that $VIMRUNTIME is set to where the other Vim files are, | |
| 405 when they are not in the same location as the compressed "doc" directory. See | |
| 406 |$VIMRUNTIME|. | |
| 407 | |
| 408 ============================================================================== | |
| 409 Executing shell commands in a window *shell-window* | |
| 410 | |
|
14249
4543777545a3
Updated runtime and language files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13963
diff
changeset
|
411 See |terminal|. |
|
4543777545a3
Updated runtime and language files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13963
diff
changeset
|
412 |
|
4543777545a3
Updated runtime and language files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13963
diff
changeset
|
413 Another solution is splitting your terminal screen or display window with the |
| 7 | 414 "splitvt" program. You can probably find it on some ftp server. The person |
| 415 that knows more about this is Sam Lantinga <slouken@cs.ucdavis.edu>. | |
|
14249
4543777545a3
Updated runtime and language files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13963
diff
changeset
|
416 |
|
4543777545a3
Updated runtime and language files.
Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
parents:
13963
diff
changeset
|
417 Another alternative is the "window" command, found on BSD Unix systems, which |
| 7 | 418 supports multiple overlapped windows. Or the "screen" program, found at |
| 419 www.uni-erlangen.de, which supports a stack of windows. | |
| 420 | |
| 421 ============================================================================== | |
| 422 Hex editing *hex-editing* *using-xxd* | |
| 423 | |
| 424 See section |23.4| of the user manual. | |
| 425 | |
| 426 If one has a particular extension that one uses for binary files (such as exe, | |
| 427 bin, etc), you may find it helpful to automate the process with the following | |
| 428 bit of autocmds for your <.vimrc>. Change that "*.bin" to whatever | |
| 429 comma-separated list of extension(s) you find yourself wanting to edit: > | |
| 430 | |
| 431 " vim -b : edit binary using xxd-format! | |
| 432 augroup Binary | |
| 433 au! | |
| 434 au BufReadPre *.bin let &bin=1 | |
| 435 au BufReadPost *.bin if &bin | %!xxd | |
| 436 au BufReadPost *.bin set ft=xxd | endif | |
| 437 au BufWritePre *.bin if &bin | %!xxd -r | |
| 438 au BufWritePre *.bin endif | |
| 439 au BufWritePost *.bin if &bin | %!xxd | |
| 440 au BufWritePost *.bin set nomod | endif | |
| 441 augroup END | |
| 442 | |
| 443 ============================================================================== | |
| 444 Using <> notation in autocommands *autocmd-<>* | |
| 445 | |
| 446 The <> notation is not recognized in the argument of an :autocmd. To avoid | |
| 447 having to use special characters, you could use a self-destroying mapping to | |
| 448 get the <> notation and then call the mapping from the autocmd. Example: | |
| 449 | |
| 450 *map-self-destroy* > | |
| 451 " This is for automatically adding the name of the file to the menu list. | |
| 452 " It uses a self-destroying mapping! | |
| 453 " 1. use a line in the buffer to convert the 'dots' in the file name to \. | |
| 454 " 2. store that in register '"' | |
| 455 " 3. add that name to the Buffers menu list | |
| 456 " WARNING: this does have some side effects, like overwriting the | |
| 457 " current register contents and removing any mapping for the "i" command. | |
| 458 " | |
| 459 autocmd BufNewFile,BufReadPre * nmap i :nunmap i<CR>O<C-R>%<Esc>:.g/\./s/\./\\./g<CR>0"9y$u:menu Buffers.<C-R>9 :buffer <C-R>%<C-V><CR><CR> | |
| 460 autocmd BufNewFile,BufReadPre * normal i | |
| 461 | |
| 462 Another method, perhaps better, is to use the ":execute" command. In the | |
| 463 string you can use the <> notation by preceding it with a backslash. Don't | |
| 464 forget to double the number of existing backslashes and put a backslash before | |
| 465 '"'. | |
| 466 > | |
| 467 autocmd BufNewFile,BufReadPre * exe "normal O\<C-R>%\<Esc>:.g/\\./s/\\./\\\\./g\<CR>0\"9y$u:menu Buffers.\<C-R>9 :buffer \<C-R>%\<C-V>\<CR>\<CR>" | |
| 468 | |
| 469 For a real buffer menu, user functions should be used (see |:function|), but | |
| 470 then the <> notation isn't used, which defeats using it as an example here. | |
| 471 | |
| 667 | 472 ============================================================================== |
| 473 Highlighting matching parens *match-parens* | |
| 474 | |
| 475 This example shows the use of a few advanced tricks: | |
| 476 - using the |CursorMoved| autocommand event | |
| 477 - using |searchpairpos()| to find a matching paren | |
| 674 | 478 - using |synID()| to detect whether the cursor is in a string or comment |
| 667 | 479 - using |:match| to highlight something |
| 480 - using a |pattern| to match a specific position in the file. | |
| 481 | |
| 482 This should be put in a Vim script file, since it uses script-local variables. | |
| 674 | 483 It skips matches in strings or comments, unless the cursor started in string |
| 484 or comment. This requires syntax highlighting. | |
| 699 | 485 |
| 486 A slightly more advanced version is used in the |matchparen| plugin. | |
| 667 | 487 > |
| 488 let s:paren_hl_on = 0 | |
| 489 function s:Highlight_Matching_Paren() | |
| 490 if s:paren_hl_on | |
| 491 match none | |
| 492 let s:paren_hl_on = 0 | |
| 493 endif | |
| 494 | |
| 495 let c_lnum = line('.') | |
| 496 let c_col = col('.') | |
| 497 | |
| 498 let c = getline(c_lnum)[c_col - 1] | |
| 499 let plist = split(&matchpairs, ':\|,') | |
| 500 let i = index(plist, c) | |
| 501 if i < 0 | |
| 502 return | |
| 503 endif | |
| 504 if i % 2 == 0 | |
| 505 let s_flags = 'nW' | |
| 506 let c2 = plist[i + 1] | |
| 507 else | |
| 508 let s_flags = 'nbW' | |
| 509 let c2 = c | |
| 510 let c = plist[i - 1] | |
| 511 endif | |
| 512 if c == '[' | |
| 513 let c = '\[' | |
| 514 let c2 = '\]' | |
| 515 endif | |
| 674 | 516 let s_skip ='synIDattr(synID(line("."), col("."), 0), "name") ' . |
| 856 | 517 \ '=~? "string\\|comment"' |
| 518 execute 'if' s_skip '| let s_skip = 0 | endif' | |
| 667 | 519 |
| 674 | 520 let [m_lnum, m_col] = searchpairpos(c, '', c2, s_flags, s_skip) |
| 667 | 521 |
| 522 if m_lnum > 0 && m_lnum >= line('w0') && m_lnum <= line('w$') | |
| 523 exe 'match Search /\(\%' . c_lnum . 'l\%' . c_col . | |
| 524 \ 'c\)\|\(\%' . m_lnum . 'l\%' . m_col . 'c\)/' | |
| 525 let s:paren_hl_on = 1 | |
| 526 endif | |
| 527 endfunction | |
| 528 | |
| 671 | 529 autocmd CursorMoved,CursorMovedI * call s:Highlight_Matching_Paren() |
| 667 | 530 autocmd InsertEnter * match none |
| 531 < | |
| 532 | |
| 14421 | 533 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |