Mercurial > vim
annotate README_VIM9.md @ 33211:71a097aab64d v9.0.1883
patch 9.0.1883: Vim9: Calling an interface method using a child object fails
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/cc0bcf4c9f4133750f5ee99c685ba995a1b840fd
Author: Yegappan Lakshmanan <yegappan@yahoo.com>
Date: Fri Sep 8 19:12:03 2023 +0200
patch 9.0.1883: Vim9: Calling an interface method using a child object fails
Problem: Vim9: Calling an interface method using a child object fails
Solution: Search methods of parent class
When a class implementing an interface is extended by another class and
a child class instance is passed to a function that accepts the
interface, calling an interface method doesn't work properly.
closes: #13053
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
Co-authored-by: Yegappan Lakshmanan <yegappan@yahoo.com>
author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
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date | Fri, 08 Sep 2023 19:15:08 +0200 |
parents | cc751d944b7e |
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1 ![Vim Logo](https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/runtime/vimlogo.gif) |
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2 |
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3 # What is Vim9? |
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4 |
31885 | 5 This is a new syntax for Vim script that was introduced with Vim 9.0. |
6 It intends making Vim script faster and better. | |
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7 |
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8 |
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9 # Why Vim9? |
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10 |
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11 ## 1. FASTER VIM SCRIPT |
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12 |
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13 The third item on the poll results of 2018, after popup windows and text |
31885 | 14 properties, both of which have been implemented, is faster Vim script. |
15 So how do we do that? | |
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16 |
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17 I have been throwing some ideas around, and soon came to the conclusion |
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18 that the current way functions are called and executed, with |
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19 dictionaries for the arguments and local variables, is never going to be |
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20 very fast. We're lucky if we can make it twice as fast. The overhead |
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21 of a function call and executing every line is just too high. |
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22 |
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23 So what then? We can only make something fast by having a new way of |
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24 defining a function, with similar but different properties of the old |
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25 way: |
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26 * Arguments are only available by name, not through the a: dictionary or |
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27 the a:000 list. |
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28 * Local variables are not available in an l: dictionary. |
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29 * A few more things that slow us down, such as exception handling details. |
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30 |
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31 I Implemented a "proof of concept" and measured the time to run a simple |
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32 for loop with an addition (Justin used this example in his presentation, |
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33 full code is below): |
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34 |
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35 ``` vim |
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36 let sum = 0 |
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37 for i in range(1, 2999999) |
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38 let sum += i |
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39 endfor |
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40 ``` |
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41 |
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42 | how | time in sec | |
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43 | --------| -------- | |
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44 | Vim old | 5.018541 | |
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45 | Python | 0.369598 | |
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46 | Lua | 0.078817 | |
25402 | 47 | LuaJit | 0.004245 | |
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48 | Vim new | 0.073595 | |
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49 |
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50 That looks very promising! It's just one example, but it shows how much |
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51 we can gain, and also that Vim script can be faster than builtin |
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52 interfaces. |
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53 |
25402 | 54 LuaJit is much faster at Lua-only instructions. In practice the script would |
31885 | 55 not do something useless counting, but change the text. For example, |
25402 | 56 reindent all the lines: |
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57 |
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58 ``` vim |
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59 let totallen = 0 |
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60 for i in range(1, 100000) |
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61 call setline(i, ' ' .. getline(i)) |
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62 let totallen += len(getline(i)) |
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63 endfor |
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64 ``` |
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65 |
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66 | how | time in sec | |
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67 | --------| -------- | |
25402 | 68 | Vim old | 0.578598 | |
69 | Python | 0.152040 | | |
70 | Lua | 0.164917 | | |
71 | LuaJit | 0.128400 | | |
72 | Vim new | 0.079692 | | |
73 | |
74 [These times were measured on a different system by Dominique Pelle] | |
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75 |
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76 The differences are smaller, but Vim 9 script is clearly the fastest. |
25402 | 77 Using LuaJIT is only a little bit faster than plain Lua here, clearly the call |
78 back to the Vim code is costly. | |
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79 |
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80 How does Vim9 script work? The function is first compiled into a sequence of |
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81 instructions. Each instruction has one or two parameters and a stack is |
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82 used to store intermediate results. Local variables are also on the |
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83 stack, space is reserved during compilation. This is a fairly normal |
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84 way of compilation into an intermediate format, specialized for Vim, |
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85 e.g. each stack item is a typeval_T. And one of the instructions is |
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86 "execute Ex command", for commands that are not compiled. |
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87 |
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88 |
22565 | 89 ## 2. DEPRIORITIZE INTERFACES |
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90 |
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91 Attempts have been made to implement functionality with built-in script |
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92 languages such as Python, Perl, Lua, Tcl and Ruby. This never gained much |
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93 foothold, for various reasons. |
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94 |
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95 Instead of using script language support in Vim: |
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96 * Encourage implementing external tools in any language and communicate |
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97 with them. The job and channel support already makes this possible. |
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98 Really any language can be used, also Java and Go, which are not |
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99 available built-in. |
21676 | 100 * No priority for the built-in language interfaces. They will have to be kept |
101 for backwards compatibility, but many users won't need a Vim build with these | |
102 interfaces. | |
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103 * Improve the Vim script language, it is used to communicate with the external |
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104 tool and implements the Vim side of the interface. Also, it can be used when |
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105 an external tool is undesired. |
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106 |
21825 | 107 Altogether this creates a clear situation: Vim with the +eval feature |
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108 will be sufficient for most plugins, while some plugins require |
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109 installing a tool that can be written in any language. No confusion |
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110 about having Vim but the plugin not working because some specific |
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111 language is missing. This is a good long term goal. |
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112 |
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113 Rationale: Why is it better to run a tool separately from Vim than using a |
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114 built-in interface and interpreter? Take for example something that is |
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115 written in Python: |
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116 * The built-in interface uses the embedded python interpreter. This is less |
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117 well maintained than the python command. Building Vim with it requires |
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118 installing developer packages. If loaded dynamically there can be a version |
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119 mismatch. |
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120 * When running the tool externally the standard python command can be used, |
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121 which is quite often available by default or can be easily installed. |
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122 * The built-in interface has an API that is unique for Vim with Python. This is |
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123 an extra API to learn. |
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124 * A .py file can be compiled into a .pyc file and execute much faster. |
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125 * Inside Vim multi-threading can cause problems, since the Vim core is single |
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126 threaded. In an external tool there are no such problems. |
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127 * The Vim part is written in .vim files, the Python part is in .py files, this |
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128 is nicely separated. |
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129 * Disadvantage: An interface needs to be made between Vim and Python. |
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130 JSON is available for this, and it's fairly easy to use. But it still |
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131 requires implementing asynchronous communication. |
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132 |
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133 |
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134 ## 3. BETTER VIM SCRIPT |
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135 |
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136 To make Vim faster a new way of defining a function needs to be added. |
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137 While we are doing that, since the lines in this function won't be fully |
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138 backwards compatible anyway, we can also make Vim script easier to use. |
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139 In other words: "less weird". Making it work more like modern |
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140 programming languages will help. No surprises. |
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141 |
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142 A good example is how in a function the arguments are prefixed with |
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143 "a:". No other language I know does that, so let's drop it. |
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144 |
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145 Taking this one step further is also dropping "s:" for script-local variables; |
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146 everything at the script level is script-local by default. Since this is not |
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147 backwards compatible it requires a new script style: Vim9 script! |
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148 |
21676 | 149 To avoid having more variations, the syntax inside a compiled function is the |
150 same as in Vim9 script. Thus you have legacy syntax and Vim9 syntax. | |
151 | |
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152 It should be possible to convert code from other languages to Vim |
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153 script. We can add functionality to make this easier. This still needs |
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154 to be discussed, but we can consider adding type checking and a simple |
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155 form of classes. If you look at JavaScript for example, it has gone |
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156 through these stages over time, adding real class support and now |
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157 TypeScript adds type checking. But we'll have to see how much of that |
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158 we actually want to include in Vim script. Ideally a conversion tool |
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159 can take Python, JavaScript or TypeScript code and convert it to Vim |
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160 script, with only some things that cannot be converted. |
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161 |
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162 Vim script won't work the same as any specific language, but we can use |
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163 mechanisms that are commonly known, ideally with the same syntax. One |
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164 thing I have been thinking of is assignments without ":let". I often |
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165 make that mistake (after writing JavaScript especially). I think it is |
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166 possible, if we make local variables shadow commands. That should be OK, |
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167 if you shadow a command you want to use, just rename the variable. |
22958 | 168 Using "var" and "const" to declare a variable, like in JavaScript and |
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169 TypeScript, can work: |
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170 |
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171 |
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172 ``` vim |
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173 def MyFunction(arg: number): number |
22958 | 174 var local = 1 |
175 var todo = arg | |
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176 const ADD = 88 |
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177 while todo > 0 |
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178 local += ADD |
22958 | 179 todo -= 1 |
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180 endwhile |
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181 return local |
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182 enddef |
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183 ``` |
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184 |
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185 The similarity with JavaScript/TypeScript can also be used for dependencies |
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186 between files. Vim currently uses the `:source` command, which has several |
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187 disadvantages: |
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188 * In the sourced script, is not clear what it provides. By default all |
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189 functions are global and can be used elsewhere. |
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190 * In a script that sources other scripts, it is not clear what function comes |
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191 from what sourced script. Finding the implementation is a hassle. |
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192 * Prevention of loading the whole script twice must be manually implemented. |
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193 |
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194 We can use the `:import` and `:export` commands from the JavaScript standard to |
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195 make this much better. For example, in script "myfunction.vim" define a |
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196 function and export it: |
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197 |
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198 ``` vim |
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199 vim9script " Vim9 script syntax used here |
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200 |
22958 | 201 var local = 'local variable is not exported, script-local' |
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202 |
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203 export def MyFunction() " exported function |
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204 ... |
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205 |
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206 def LocalFunction() " not exported, script-local |
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207 ... |
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208 ``` |
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209 |
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210 And in another script import the function: |
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211 |
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212 ``` vim |
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213 vim9script " Vim9 script syntax used here |
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214 |
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215 import MyFunction from 'myfunction.vim' |
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216 ``` |
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217 |
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218 This looks like JavaScript/TypeScript, thus many users will understand the |
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219 syntax. |
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220 |
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221 These are ideas, this will take time to design, discuss and implement. |
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222 Eventually this will lead to Vim 9! |
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223 |
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224 |
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225 ## Code for sum time measurements |
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226 |
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227 Vim was build with -O2. |
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228 |
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229 ``` vim |
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230 func VimOld() |
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231 let sum = 0 |
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232 for i in range(1, 2999999) |
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233 let sum += i |
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234 endfor |
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235 return sum |
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236 endfunc |
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237 |
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238 func Python() |
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239 py3 << END |
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240 sum = 0 |
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241 for i in range(1, 3000000): |
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242 sum += i |
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243 END |
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244 return py3eval('sum') |
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245 endfunc |
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246 |
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247 func Lua() |
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248 lua << END |
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249 sum = 0 |
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250 for i = 1, 2999999 do |
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251 sum = sum + i |
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252 end |
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253 END |
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254 return luaeval('sum') |
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255 endfunc |
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256 |
22958 | 257 def VimNew(): number |
258 var sum = 0 | |
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259 for i in range(1, 2999999) |
22958 | 260 sum += i |
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261 endfor |
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262 return sum |
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263 enddef |
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264 |
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265 let start = reltime() |
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266 echo VimOld() |
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267 echo 'Vim old: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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268 |
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269 let start = reltime() |
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270 echo Python() |
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271 echo 'Python: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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272 |
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273 let start = reltime() |
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274 echo Lua() |
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275 echo 'Lua: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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276 |
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277 let start = reltime() |
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278 echo VimNew() |
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279 echo 'Vim new: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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280 ``` |
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281 |
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282 ## Code for indent time measurements |
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283 |
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284 ``` vim |
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285 def VimNew(): number |
22958 | 286 var totallen = 0 |
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287 for i in range(1, 100000) |
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288 setline(i, ' ' .. getline(i)) |
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289 totallen += len(getline(i)) |
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290 endfor |
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291 return totallen |
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292 enddef |
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293 |
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294 func VimOld() |
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295 let totallen = 0 |
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296 for i in range(1, 100000) |
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297 call setline(i, ' ' .. getline(i)) |
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298 let totallen += len(getline(i)) |
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299 endfor |
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300 return totallen |
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301 endfunc |
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302 |
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303 func Lua() |
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304 lua << END |
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305 b = vim.buffer() |
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306 totallen = 0 |
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307 for i = 1, 100000 do |
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308 b[i] = " " .. b[i] |
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309 totallen = totallen + string.len(b[i]) |
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310 end |
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311 END |
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312 return luaeval('totallen') |
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313 endfunc |
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314 |
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315 func Python() |
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316 py3 << END |
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317 cb = vim.current.buffer |
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318 totallen = 0 |
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319 for i in range(0, 100000): |
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320 cb[i] = ' ' + cb[i] |
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321 totallen += len(cb[i]) |
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322 END |
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323 return py3eval('totallen') |
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324 endfunc |
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325 |
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326 new |
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327 call setline(1, range(100000)) |
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328 let start = reltime() |
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329 echo VimOld() |
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330 echo 'Vim old: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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331 bwipe! |
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332 |
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333 new |
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334 call setline(1, range(100000)) |
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335 let start = reltime() |
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336 echo Python() |
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337 echo 'Python: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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338 bwipe! |
25700 | 339 |
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340 new |
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341 call setline(1, range(100000)) |
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342 let start = reltime() |
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343 echo Lua() |
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344 echo 'Lua: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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345 bwipe! |
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346 |
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347 new |
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348 call setline(1, range(100000)) |
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349 let start = reltime() |
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350 echo VimNew() |
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351 echo 'Vim new: ' .. reltimestr(reltime(start)) |
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352 bwipe! |
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353 ``` |