Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/gui_x11.txt @ 20753:661eb972cb22
Update runtime files
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/acc224064033e5cea21ef7f1eefb356ca06ff11d
Author: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
Date: Sun Jun 7 21:07:18 2020 +0200
Update runtime files
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Sun, 07 Jun 2020 21:15:04 +0200 |
| parents | af69c9335223 |
| children | 9849df834f1d |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 20753 | 1 *gui_x11.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2020 Jun 05 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Vim's Graphical User Interface *gui-x11* *GUI-X11* | |
| 8 *Athena* *Motif* | |
| 9 1. Starting the X11 GUI |gui-x11-start| | |
| 10 2. GUI Resources |gui-resources| | |
| 11 3. Shell Commands |gui-pty| | |
| 12 4. Various |gui-x11-various| | |
| 13 5. GTK version |gui-gtk| | |
| 14 6. GNOME version |gui-gnome| | |
| 856 | 15 7. KDE version |gui-kde| |
| 11 | 16 8. Compiling |gui-x11-compiling| |
| 17 9. X11 selection mechanism |x11-selection| | |
| 7 | 18 |
| 19 Other relevant documentation: | |
| 20 |gui.txt| For generic items of the GUI. | |
| 21 | |
| 22 | |
| 23 ============================================================================== | |
| 24 1. Starting the X11 GUI *gui-x11-start* *E665* | |
| 25 | |
| 26 Then you can run the GUI version of Vim in either of these ways: | |
| 27 gvim [options] [files...] | |
| 28 vim -g [options] [files...] | |
| 29 | |
| 30 So if you call the executable "gvim", or make "gvim" a link to the executable, | |
| 31 then the GUI version will automatically be used. Additional characters may be | |
| 32 added after "gvim", for example "gvim-5". | |
| 33 | |
| 34 You may also start up the GUI from within the terminal version by using one of | |
| 35 these commands: | |
| 36 :gui [++opt] [+cmd] [-f|-b] [files...] *:gu* *:gui* | |
| 37 :gvim [++opt] [+cmd] [-f|-b] [files...] *:gv* *:gvim* | |
| 38 The "-f" option runs Vim in the foreground. | |
| 39 The "-b" option runs Vim in the background (this is the default). | |
| 40 Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|. | |
| 41 | |
| 42 *gui-fork* | |
| 43 When the GUI is started, it does a fork() and exits the current process. | |
| 44 When gvim was started from a shell this makes the shell accept further | |
| 45 commands. If you don't want this (e.g. when using gvim for a mail program | |
| 46 that waits for gvim to exit), start gvim with "gvim -f", "vim -gf" or use | |
| 47 ":gui -f". Don't use "vim -fg", because "-fg" specifies the foreground | |
| 48 color. | |
| 49 | |
| 16380 | 50 When using "vim -f" and then ":gui", Vim will run in the foreground. The |
| 7 | 51 "-f" argument will be remembered. To force running Vim in the background use |
| 52 ":gui -b". | |
| 53 | |
| 54 "gvim --nofork" does the same as "gvim -f". | |
| 13857 | 55 |
| 56 When there are running jobs Vim will not fork, because the processes would no | |
| 57 longer be child processes. | |
| 3082 | 58 *E851* *E852* |
| 59 When starting the GUI fails Vim will try to continue running in the terminal. | |
| 7 | 60 |
| 61 If you want the GUI to run in the foreground always, include the 'f' | |
| 62 flag in 'guioptions'. |-f|. | |
| 63 | |
| 64 ============================================================================== | |
| 65 2. GUI Resources *gui-resources* *.Xdefaults* | |
| 66 | |
| 11 | 67 If using the Motif or Athena version of the GUI (not for the KDE, GTK+ or Win32 |
| 7 | 68 version), a number of X resources are available. You should use Vim's class |
| 69 "Vim" when setting these. They are as follows: | |
| 70 | |
| 71 Resource name Meaning ~ | |
| 72 | |
| 73 reverseVideo Boolean: should reverse video be used? | |
| 74 background Color of background. | |
| 75 foreground Color of normal text. | |
| 76 scrollBackground Color of trough portion of scrollbars. | |
| 77 scrollForeground Color of slider and arrow portions of scrollbars. | |
| 78 menuBackground Color of menu backgrounds. | |
| 79 menuForeground Color of menu foregrounds. | |
| 80 tooltipForeground Color of tooltip and balloon foreground. | |
| 81 tooltipBackground Color of tooltip and balloon background. | |
| 82 | |
| 83 font Name of font used for normal text. | |
| 84 boldFont Name of font used for bold text. | |
| 85 italicFont Name of font used for italic text. | |
| 86 boldItalicFont Name of font used for bold, italic text. | |
| 87 menuFont Name of font used for the menus, used when compiled | |
| 88 without the |+xfontset| feature | |
| 89 menuFontSet Name of fontset used for the menus, used when compiled | |
| 90 with the |+xfontset| feature | |
| 91 tooltipFont Name of the font used for the tooltip and balloons. | |
| 92 When compiled with the |+xfontset| feature this is a | |
| 93 fontset name. | |
| 94 | |
| 95 geometry Initial geometry to use for gvim's window (default | |
| 96 is same size as terminal that started it). | |
| 97 scrollbarWidth Thickness of scrollbars. | |
| 98 borderWidth Thickness of border around text area. | |
| 99 menuHeight Height of the menu bar (only for Athena). | |
| 100 | |
| 101 A special font for italic, bold, and italic-bold text will only be used if | |
| 102 the user has specified one via a resource. No attempt is made to guess what | |
| 103 fonts should be used for these based on the normal text font. | |
| 104 | |
| 105 Note that the colors can also be set with the ":highlight" command, using the | |
| 106 "Normal", "Menu", "Tooltip", and "Scrollbar" groups. Example: > | |
| 107 :highlight Menu guibg=lightblue | |
| 108 :highlight Tooltip guibg=yellow | |
| 109 :highlight Scrollbar guibg=lightblue guifg=blue | |
| 110 :highlight Normal guibg=grey90 | |
| 111 < | |
| 112 *font-sizes* | |
| 113 Note: All fonts (except for the menu and tooltip) must be of the same size!!! | |
| 114 If you don't do this, text will disappear or mess up the display. Vim does | |
| 115 not check the font sizes. It's the size in screen pixels that must be the | |
| 116 same. Note that some fonts that have the same point size don't have the same | |
| 117 pixel size! Additionally, the positioning of the fonts must be the same | |
| 118 (ascent and descent). You can check this with "xlsfonts -l {fontname}". | |
| 119 | |
| 236 | 120 If any of these things are also set with Vim commands, e.g. with |
| 7 | 121 ":set guifont=Screen15", then this will override the X resources (currently |
| 122 'guifont' is the only option that is supported). | |
| 123 | |
| 124 Here is an example of what you might put in your ~/.Xdefaults file: > | |
| 125 | |
| 126 Vim*useSchemes: all | |
| 127 Vim*sgiMode: true | |
| 128 Vim*useEnhancedFSB: true | |
| 129 Vim.foreground: Black | |
| 130 Vim.background: Wheat | |
| 131 Vim*fontList: 7x13 | |
| 132 | |
| 133 The first three of these are standard resources on Silicon Graphics machines | |
| 134 which make Motif applications look even better, highly recommended! | |
| 135 | |
| 136 The "Vim*fontList" is to set the menu font for Motif. Example: > | |
| 137 Vim*menuBar*fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-10-*-*-*-*-*-*-* | |
| 138 With Athena: > | |
| 139 Vim*menuBar*SmeBSB*font: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-10-*-*-*-*-*-*-* | |
| 140 Vim*menuBar*MenuButton*font: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-10-*-*-*-*-*-*-* | |
| 141 | |
| 142 NOTE: A more portable, and indeed more correct, way to specify the menu font | |
| 143 in either Motif or Athena is through the resource: > | |
| 144 Vim.menuFont: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-10-*-*-*-*-*-*-* | |
| 145 Or, when compiled with the |+xfontset| feature: > | |
| 146 Vim.menuFontSet: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-10-*-*-*-*-*-*-* | |
| 147 | |
| 148 Don't use "Vim*geometry" in the defaults. This will break the menus. Use | |
| 149 "Vim.geometry" instead. | |
| 150 | |
| 151 If you get an error message "Cannot allocate colormap entry for "gray60", | |
| 152 try adding this to your Vim resources (change the colors to your liking): > | |
| 153 | |
| 154 Vim*scrollBackground: Black | |
| 155 Vim*scrollForeground: Blue | |
| 156 | |
| 157 The resources can also be set with arguments to Vim: | |
| 158 | |
| 159 argument meaning ~ | |
| 160 *-gui* | |
| 161 -display {display} Run vim on {display} *-display* | |
| 162 -iconic Start vim iconified *-iconic* | |
| 163 -background {color} Use {color} for the background *-background* | |
| 164 -bg {color} idem *-bg* | |
| 165 -foreground {color} Use {color} for normal text *-foreground* | |
| 166 -fg {color} idem *-fg* | |
| 167 -ul {color} idem *-ul* | |
| 168 -font {font} Use {font} for normal text *-font* | |
| 169 -fn {font} idem *-fn* | |
| 170 -boldfont {font} Use {font} for bold text *-boldfont* | |
| 171 -italicfont {font} Use {font} for italic text *-italicfont* | |
| 172 -menufont {font} Use {font} for menu items *-menufont* | |
| 173 -menufontset {fontset} Use {fontset} for menu items *-menufontset* | |
| 174 -mf {font} idem *-mf* | |
| 175 -geometry {geom} Use {geom} for initial geometry *-geometry* | |
| 176 -geom {geom} idem, see |-geometry-example| *-geom* | |
| 177 -borderwidth {width} Use a border width of {width} *-borderwidth* | |
| 178 -bw {width} idem *-bw* | |
| 179 *-scrollbarwidth* | |
| 180 -scrollbarwidth {width} Use a scrollbar width of {width} | |
| 181 -sw {width} idem *-sw* | |
| 182 -menuheight {height} Use a menu bar height of {height} *-menuheight* | |
| 183 -mh {height} idem *-mh* | |
| 184 NOTE: On Motif the value is ignored, the menu height | |
| 185 is computed to fit the menus. | |
| 186 -reverse Use reverse video *-reverse* | |
| 187 -rv idem *-rv* | |
| 188 +reverse Don't use reverse video *-+reverse* | |
| 189 +rv idem *-+rv* | |
| 190 -xrm {resource} Set the specified resource *-xrm* | |
| 191 | |
| 192 Note about reverse video: Vim checks that the result is actually a light text | |
| 193 on a dark background. The reason is that some X11 versions swap the colors, | |
| 194 and some don't. These two examples will both give yellow text on a blue | |
| 195 background: | |
| 196 gvim -fg Yellow -bg Blue -reverse | |
| 197 gvim -bg Yellow -fg Blue -reverse | |
| 198 | |
| 199 *-geometry-example* | |
| 200 An example for the geometry argument: > | |
| 201 gvim -geometry 80x63+8+100 | |
| 202 This creates a window with 80 columns and 63 lines at position 8 pixels from | |
| 203 the left and 100 pixels from the top of the screen. | |
| 204 | |
| 205 ============================================================================== | |
| 206 3. Shell Commands *gui-pty* | |
| 207 | |
| 208 WARNING: Executing an external command from the GUI will not always work. | |
| 209 "normal" commands like "ls", "grep" and "make" mostly work fine. Commands | |
| 210 that require an intelligent terminal like "less" and "ispell" won't work. | |
| 211 Some may even hang and need to be killed from another terminal. So be | |
| 212 careful! | |
| 213 | |
| 214 There are two ways to do the I/O with a shell command: Pipes and a pseudo-tty. | |
| 215 The default is to use a pseudo-tty. This should work best on most systems. | |
| 216 | |
| 217 Unfortunately, the implementation of the pseudo-tty is different on every Unix | |
| 218 system. And some systems require root permission. To avoid running into | |
| 219 problems with a pseudo-tty when you least expect it, test it when not editing | |
| 220 a file. Be prepared to "kill" the started command or Vim. Commands like | |
| 221 ":r !cat" may hang! | |
| 222 | |
| 223 If using a pseudo-tty does not work for you, reset the 'guipty' option: > | |
| 224 | |
| 225 :set noguipty | |
| 226 | |
| 227 Using a pipe should work on any Unix system, but there are disadvantages: | |
| 228 - Some shell commands will notice that a pipe is being used and behave | |
| 229 differently. E.g., ":!ls" will list the files in one column. | |
| 230 - The ":sh" command won't show a prompt, although it will sort of work. | |
| 231 - When using ":make" it's not possible to interrupt with a CTRL-C. | |
| 232 | |
| 233 Typeahead while the external command is running is often lost. This happens | |
| 234 both with a pipe and a pseudo-tty. This is a known problem, but it seems it | |
| 235 can't be fixed (or at least, it's very difficult). | |
| 236 | |
| 237 *gui-pty-erase* | |
| 238 When your erase character is wrong for an external command, you should fix | |
| 239 this in your "~/.cshrc" file, or whatever file your shell uses for | |
| 240 initializations. For example, when you want to use backspace to delete | |
| 241 characters, but hitting backspaces produces "^H" instead, try adding this to | |
| 242 your "~/.cshrc": > | |
| 243 stty erase ^H | |
| 244 The ^H is a real CTRL-H, type it as CTRL-V CTRL-H. | |
| 245 | |
| 246 ============================================================================== | |
| 247 4. Various *gui-x11-various* | |
| 248 | |
| 249 *gui-x11-printing* | |
| 250 The "File/Print" menu simply sends the current buffer to "lpr". No options or | |
| 251 whatever. If you want something else, you can define your own print command. | |
| 252 For example: > | |
| 253 | |
| 254 :10amenu File.Print :w !lpr -Php3 | |
| 255 :10vmenu File.Print :w !lpr -Php3 | |
| 256 < | |
| 257 *X11-icon* | |
| 258 Vim uses a black&white icon by default when compiled with Motif or Athena. A | |
| 259 colored Vim icon is included as $VIMRUNTIME/vim32x32.xpm. For GTK+, this is | |
| 260 the builtin icon used. Unfortunately, how you should install it depends on | |
| 261 your window manager. When you use this, remove the 'i' flag from | |
| 262 'guioptions', to remove the black&white icon: > | |
| 263 :set guioptions-=i | |
| 264 | |
| 265 If you use one of the fvwm* family of window managers simply add this line to | |
| 266 your .fvwm2rc configuration file: > | |
| 267 | |
| 268 Style "vim" Icon vim32x32.xpm | |
| 269 | |
| 270 Make sure the icon file's location is consistent with the window manager's | |
| 271 ImagePath statement. Either modify the ImagePath from within your .fvwm2rc or | |
| 272 drop the icon into one the pre-defined directories: > | |
| 273 | |
| 274 ImagePath /usr/X11R6/include/X11/pixmaps:/usr/X11R6/include/X11/bitmaps | |
| 275 | |
| 276 Note: older versions of fvwm use "IconPath" instead of "ImagePath". | |
| 277 | |
| 278 For CDE "dtwm" (a derivative of Motif) add this line in the .Xdefaults: > | |
| 279 Dtwm*Vim*iconImage: /usr/local/share/vim/vim32x32.xpm | |
| 280 | |
| 281 For "mwm" (Motif window manager) the line would be: > | |
| 282 Mwm*Vim*iconImage: /usr/local/share/vim/vim32x32.xpm | |
| 283 | |
| 284 | |
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285 Mouse Pointers Available in X11 ~ |
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286 *X11_mouse_shapes* |
| 7 | 287 By using the |'mouseshape'| option, the mouse pointer can be automatically |
| 288 changed whenever Vim enters one of its various modes (e.g., Insert or | |
| 289 Command). Currently, the available pointers are: | |
| 290 | |
| 291 arrow an arrow pointing northwest | |
| 292 beam a I-like vertical bar | |
| 293 size an arrow pointing up and down | |
| 294 busy a wristwatch | |
| 295 blank an invisible pointer | |
| 296 crosshair a thin "+" sign | |
| 297 hand1 a dark hand pointing northeast | |
| 298 hand2 a light hand pointing northwest | |
| 299 pencil a pencil pointing southeast | |
| 300 question question_arrow | |
| 301 right_arrow an arrow pointing northeast | |
| 302 up_arrow an arrow pointing upwards | |
| 303 | |
| 304 Additionally, any of the mouse pointers that are built into X11 may be | |
| 305 used by specifying an integer from the X11/cursorfont.h include file. | |
| 306 | |
| 307 If a name is used that exists on other systems, but not in X11, the default | |
| 308 "arrow" pointer is used. | |
| 309 | |
| 310 ============================================================================== | |
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311 5. GTK version *gui-gtk* *GTK+* *GTK* *GTK3* |
| 7 | 312 |
| 313 The GTK version of the GUI works a little bit different. | |
| 314 | |
| 315 GTK does _not_ use the traditional X resource settings. Thus items in your | |
| 316 ~/.Xdefaults or app-defaults files are not used. | |
| 317 Many of the traditional X command line arguments are not supported. (e.g., | |
| 318 stuff like -bg, -fg, etc). The ones that are supported are: | |
| 319 | |
| 320 command line argument resource name meaning ~ | |
| 321 -fn or -font .font font name for the text | |
| 322 -geom or -geometry .geometry size of the gvim window | |
| 323 -rv or -reverse *reverseVideo white text on black background | |
| 324 -display display to be used | |
| 325 -fg -foreground {color} foreground color | |
| 326 -bg -background {color} background color | |
| 327 | |
| 328 To set the font, see |'guifont'|. For GTK, there's also a menu option that | |
| 329 does this. | |
| 330 | |
| 331 Additionally, there are these command line arguments, which are handled by GTK | |
| 332 internally. Look in the GTK documentation for how they are used: | |
| 333 --sync | |
| 334 --gdk-debug | |
| 335 --gdk-no-debug | |
| 336 --no-xshm (not in GTK+ 2) | |
| 337 --xim-preedit (not in GTK+ 2) | |
| 338 --xim-status (not in GTK+ 2) | |
| 339 --gtk-debug | |
| 340 --gtk-no-debug | |
| 341 --g-fatal-warnings | |
| 342 --gtk-module | |
| 343 --display (GTK+ counterpart of -display; works the same way.) | |
| 344 --screen (The screen number; for GTK+ 2.2 multihead support.) | |
| 345 | |
| 346 These arguments are ignored when the |+netbeans_intg| feature is used: | |
| 347 -xrm | |
| 348 -mf | |
| 349 | |
| 350 As for colors, Vim's color settings (for syntax highlighting) is still | |
| 351 done the traditional Vim way. See |:highlight| for more help. | |
| 352 | |
| 353 If you want to set the colors of remaining gui components (e.g., the | |
| 354 menubar, scrollbar, whatever), those are GTK specific settings and you | |
| 355 need to set those up in some sort of gtkrc file. You'll have to refer | |
| 356 to the GTK documentation, however little there is, on how to do this. | |
| 357 See http://developer.gnome.org/doc/API/2.0/gtk/gtk-Resource-Files.html | |
| 358 for more information. | |
| 20753 | 359 *gtk3-slow* |
| 360 If you are using GTK3 and Vim appears to be slow, try setting the environment | |
| 361 variable $GDK_RENDERING to "image". | |
| 7 | 362 |
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363 |
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364 Tooltip Colors ~ |
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365 *gtk-tooltip-colors* |
| 7 | 366 Example, which sets the tooltip colors to black on light-yellow: > |
| 367 | |
| 368 style "tooltips" | |
| 369 { | |
| 370 bg[NORMAL] = "#ffffcc" | |
| 371 fg[NORMAL] = "#000000" | |
| 372 } | |
| 373 | |
| 374 widget "gtk-tooltips*" style "tooltips" | |
| 375 | |
| 376 Write this in the file ~/.gtkrc and it will be used by GTK+. For GTK+ 2 | |
| 377 you might have to use the file ~/.gtkrc-2.0 instead, depending on your | |
| 378 distribution. | |
| 379 | |
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380 For GTK+ 3, an effect similar to the above can be obtained by adding the |
| 14668 | 381 following snippet of CSS code to $XDG_HOME_DIR/gtk-3.0/gtk.css (see the next |
| 382 section): | |
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383 |
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384 For GTK+ 3 < 3.20: > |
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385 |
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386 .tooltip { |
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387 background-color: #ffffcc; |
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388 color: #000000; |
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389 } |
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390 < |
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391 For GTK+ 3 >= 3.20: > |
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392 |
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393 tooltip { |
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394 background-color: #ffffcc; |
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395 text-shadow: none; |
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396 } |
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397 |
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398 tooltip label { |
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399 color: #2e3436; |
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400 } |
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401 < |
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402 |
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403 A Quick Look at GTK+ CSS ~ |
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404 *gtk-css* |
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405 The contents of this subsection apply to GTK+ 3.20 or later which provides |
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406 stable support for GTK+ CSS: |
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407 |
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408 https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/theming.html |
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409 |
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410 GTK+ uses CSS for styling and layout of widgets. In this subsection, we'll |
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411 have a quick look at GTK+ CSS through simple, illustrative examples. |
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412 |
| 14668 | 413 You can usually edit the config with: > |
| 414 vim $HOME/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css | |
| 415 | |
| 416 | |
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417 Example 1. Empty Space Adjustment ~ |
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418 |
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419 By default, the toolbar and the tabline of the GTK+ 3 GUI are somewhat larger |
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420 than those of the GTK+ 2 GUI. Some people may want to make them look similar |
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421 to the GTK+ 2 GUI in size. |
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422 |
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423 To do that, we'll try reducing empty space around icons and labels that looks |
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424 apparently superfluous. |
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425 |
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426 Add the following lines to $XDG_HOME_DIR/gtk-3.0/gtk.css (usually, |
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427 $HOME/.config/gtk-3.0/gtk.css): > |
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428 |
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429 toolbar button { |
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430 margin-top: -2px; |
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431 margin-right: 0px; |
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432 margin-bottom: -2px; |
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433 margin-left: 0px; |
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434 |
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435 padding-top: 0px; |
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436 padding-right: 0px; |
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437 padding-bottom: 0px; |
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438 padding-left: 0px |
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439 } |
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440 |
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441 notebook tab { |
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442 margin-top: -1px; |
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443 margin-right: 3px; |
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444 margin-bottom: -1px; |
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445 margin-left: 3px; |
| 7 | 446 |
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447 padding-top: 0px; |
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448 padding-right: 0px; |
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449 padding-bottom: 0px; |
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450 padding-left: 0px |
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451 } |
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452 < |
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453 Since it's a CSS, they can be rewritten using shorthand: > |
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454 |
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455 toolbar button { |
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456 margin: -2px 0px; |
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457 padding: 0px; |
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458 } |
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459 |
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460 notebook tab { |
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461 margin: -1px 3px; |
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462 padding: 0px |
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463 } |
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464 < |
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465 Note: You might want to use 'toolbariconsize' to adjust the icon size, too. |
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466 |
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467 Note: Depending on the icon theme and/or the font in use, some extra tweaks |
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468 may be needed for a satisfactory result. |
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469 |
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470 Note: In addition to margin and padding, you can use border. For details, |
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471 refer to the box model of CSS, e.g., |
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472 |
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473 https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_boxmodel.asp |
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474 |
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475 Example 2. More Than Just Colors ~ |
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476 |
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477 GTK+ CSS supports gradients as well: > |
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478 |
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479 tooltip { |
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480 background-image: -gtk-gradient(linear, |
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481 0 0, 0 1, |
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482 color-stop(0, #344752), |
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483 color-stop(0.5, #546772), |
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484 color-stop(1, #243742)); |
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485 } |
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486 |
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487 tooltip label { |
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488 color: #f3f3f3; |
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489 } |
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490 < |
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491 Gradients can be used to make a GUI element visually distinguishable from |
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492 others without relying on high contrast. Accordingly, effective use of them is |
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493 a useful technique to give a theme a sense of unity in color and luminance. |
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494 |
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495 Note: Theming can be difficult since it must make every application look |
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496 equally good; making a single application more charming often gets others |
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497 unexpectedly less attractive or even deteriorates their usability. Keep this |
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498 in mind always when you try improving a theme. |
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499 |
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500 |
| 14945 | 501 Example 3. border color ~ |
| 14668 | 502 |
| 503 To eliminate borders when maximized: > | |
| 504 | |
| 505 @define-color bg_color #1B2B34; | |
| 506 #vim-main-window { | |
| 507 background-color: @bg_color; | |
| 508 } | |
| 509 | |
| 510 | |
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511 Using Vim as a GTK+ plugin ~ |
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512 *gui-gtk-socketid* |
| 7 | 513 When the GTK+ version of Vim starts up normally, it creates its own top level |
| 514 window (technically, a 'GtkWindow'). GTK+ provides an embedding facility with | |
| 515 its GtkSocket and GtkPlug widgets. If one GTK+ application creates a | |
| 516 GtkSocket widget in one of its windows, an entirely different GTK+ application | |
| 517 may embed itself into the first application by creating a top-level GtkPlug | |
| 518 widget using the socket's ID. | |
| 519 | |
| 520 If you pass Vim the command-line option '--socketid' with a decimal or | |
| 521 hexadecimal value, Vim will create a GtkPlug widget using that value instead | |
| 522 of the normal GtkWindow. This enables Vim to act as a GTK+ plugin. | |
| 523 | |
| 524 This really is a programmer's interface, and is of no use without a supporting | |
| 525 application to spawn the Vim correctly. For more details on GTK+ sockets, see | |
| 526 http://www.gtk.org/api/ | |
| 527 | |
| 528 Note that this feature requires the latest GTK version. GTK 1.2.10 still has | |
| 529 a small problem. The socket feature has not yet been tested with GTK+ 2 -- | |
| 530 feel free to volunteer. | |
| 531 | |
| 532 ============================================================================== | |
| 533 6. GNOME version *gui-gnome* *Gnome* *GNOME* | |
| 534 | |
| 535 The GNOME GUI works just like the GTK+ version. See |GTK+| above for how it | |
| 536 works. It looks a bit different though, and implements one important feature | |
| 537 that's not available in the plain GTK+ GUI: Interaction with the session | |
| 538 manager. |gui-gnome-session| | |
| 539 | |
| 540 These are the different looks: | |
| 541 - Uses GNOME dialogs (GNOME 1 only). The GNOME 2 GUI uses the same nice | |
| 542 dialogs as the GTK+ 2 version. | |
| 543 - Uses the GNOME dock, so that the toolbar and menubar can be moved to | |
| 544 different locations other than the top (e.g., the toolbar can be placed on | |
| 545 the left, right, top, or bottom). The placement of the menubar and | |
| 546 toolbar is only saved in the GNOME 2 version. | |
| 547 - That means the menubar and toolbar handles are back! Yeah! And the | |
| 548 resizing grid still works too. | |
| 549 | |
| 1121 | 550 GNOME is compiled with if it was found by configure and the |
| 551 --enable-gnome-check argument was used. | |
| 552 | |
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553 Note: Avoid use of --enable-gnome-check with GTK+ 3 GUI build. The |
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554 functionality mentioned above is consolidated in GTK+ 3. |
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555 |
| 7 | 556 |
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557 GNOME session support ~ |
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558 *gui-gnome-session* *gnome-session* |
| 7 | 559 On logout, Vim shows the well-known exit confirmation dialog if any buffers |
| 560 are modified. Clicking [Cancel] will stop the logout process. Otherwise the | |
| 561 current session is stored to disk by using the |:mksession| command, and | |
| 562 restored the next time you log in. | |
| 563 | |
| 564 The GNOME session support should also work with the KDE session manager. | |
| 565 If you are experiencing any problems please report them as bugs. | |
| 566 | |
| 567 Note: The automatic session save works entirely transparent, in order to | |
| 568 avoid conflicts with your own session files, scripts and autocommands. That | |
| 569 means in detail: | |
| 570 - The session file is stored to a separate directory (usually $HOME/.gnome2). | |
| 571 - 'sessionoptions' is ignored, and a hardcoded set of appropriate flags is | |
| 572 used instead: > | |
| 1621 | 573 blank,curdir,folds,globals,help,options,tabpages,winsize |
| 7 | 574 - The internal variable |v:this_session| is not changed when storing the |
| 575 session. Also, it is restored to its old value when logging in again. | |
| 576 | |
| 577 The position and size of the GUI window is not saved by Vim since doing so | |
| 578 is the window manager's job. But if compiled with GTK+ 2 support, Vim helps | |
| 579 the WM to identify the window by restoring the window role (using the |--role| | |
| 580 command line argument). | |
| 581 | |
| 582 ============================================================================== | |
| 12 | 583 7. KDE version *gui-kde* *kde* *KDE* *KVim* |
| 1121 | 584 *gui-x11-kde* |
| 574 | 585 There is no KDE version of Vim. There has been some work on a port using the |
| 586 Qt toolkit, but it never worked properly and it has been abandoned. Work | |
| 5697 | 587 continues on Yzis: https://github.com/chrizel/Yzis. |
| 11 | 588 |
| 589 ============================================================================== | |
| 590 8. Compiling *gui-x11-compiling* | |
| 7 | 591 |
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592 If using X11, Vim's configure will by default first try to find the necessary |
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593 GTK+ files on your system. When both GTK+ 2 and GTK+ 3 are available, GTK+ 2 |
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594 will be chosen unless --enable-gui=gtk3 is passed explicitly to configure. |
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595 |
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596 If the GTK+ files cannot be found, then the Motif files will be searched for. |
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597 Finally, if this fails, the Athena files will be searched for. If all three |
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598 fail, the GUI will be disabled. |
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599 |
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600 For GTK+, Vim's configuration process uses pkg-config(1) to check if the |
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601 GTK+ required for a specified build is properly installed and usable. |
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602 Accordingly, it is a good idea to make sure before running configure that |
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603 your system has a working pkg-config together with the .pc file of the |
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604 required GTK+. For that, say, run the following on the command line to see if |
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605 your pkg-config works with your GTK+ 2: > |
| 7 | 606 |
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607 $ pkg-config --modversion gtk+-2.0 |
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608 |
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609 Replace gtk+-2.0 with gtk+-3.0 for GTK+ 3. If you get the correct version |
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610 number of your GTK+, you can proceed; if not, you probably need to do some |
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611 system administration chores to set up pkg-config and GTK+ correctly. |
| 7 | 612 |
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613 The GTK+ 2 GUI is built by default. Therefore, you usually don't need to pass |
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614 any options such as --enable-gui=gtk2 to configure and build that. |
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615 |
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616 Optionally, the GTK+ 2 GUI can consolidate the GNOME 2 support. This support |
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617 is enabled by passing --enable-gnome-check to configure. |
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618 |
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619 If you want to build the GTK+ 3 GUI, you have to pass --enable-gui=gtk3 |
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620 explicitly to configure, and avoid passing --enable-gnome-check to that, as |
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621 the functionality of the GNOME 2 support has already been consolidated in |
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622 GTK+ 3. |
| 7 | 623 |
| 624 Otherwise, if you are using Motif or Athena, when you have the Motif or Athena | |
| 625 files in a directory where configure doesn't look, edit the Makefile to enter | |
| 626 the names of the directories. Search for "GUI_INC_LOC" for an example to set | |
| 627 the Motif directories, "CONF_OPT_X" for Athena. | |
| 628 | |
| 629 *gui-x11-gtk* | |
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630 Currently, Vim supports both GTK+ 2 and GTK+ 3. |
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631 |
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632 The GTK+ 2 GUI requires GTK+ 2.2 or later. |
| 7 | 633 |
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634 Although the GTK+ 3 GUI is written in such a way that the source code can be |
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635 compiled against all versions of the 3.x series, we recommend GTK+ 3.10 or |
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636 later because of its substantial implementation changes in redraw done at |
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637 that version. |
| 7 | 638 |
| 639 *gui-x11-motif* | |
| 640 For Motif, you need at least Motif version 1.2 and/or X11R5. Motif 2.0 and | |
| 641 X11R6 are OK. Motif 1.1 and X11R4 might work, no guarantee (there may be a | |
| 642 few problems, but you might make it compile and run with a bit of work, please | |
| 643 send me the patches if you do). The newest releases of LessTif have been | |
| 644 reported to work fine too. | |
| 645 | |
| 646 *gui-x11-athena* | |
| 647 The Athena version uses the Xaw widget set by default. If you have the 3D | |
| 648 version, you might want to link with Xaw3d instead. This will make the | |
| 649 menus look a bit better. Edit the Makefile and look for "XAW_LIB". The | |
| 650 scrollbars will remain the same, because Vim has its own, which are already | |
| 651 3D (in fact, they look more like Motif). | |
| 652 | |
| 653 *gui-x11-neXtaw* | |
| 654 The neXtaw version is mostly like Athena, but uses different widgets. | |
| 655 | |
| 656 *gui-x11-misc* | |
| 657 In general, do not try to mix files from different GTK+, Motif, Athena and X11 | |
| 658 versions. This will cause problems. For example, using header files for | |
| 659 X11R5 with a library for X11R6 probably doesn't work (although the linking | |
| 660 won't give an error message, Vim will crash later). | |
| 661 | |
| 662 ============================================================================== | |
| 11 | 663 9. X11 selection mechanism *x11-selection* |
| 7 | 664 |
| 665 If using X11, in either the GUI or an xterm with an X11-aware Vim, then Vim | |
| 666 provides varied access to the X11 selection and clipboard. These are accessed | |
| 667 by using the two selection registers "* and "+. | |
| 668 | |
| 669 X11 provides two basic types of global store, selections and cut-buffers, | |
| 670 which differ in one important aspect: selections are "owned" by an | |
| 671 application, and disappear when that application (e.g., Vim) exits, thus | |
| 672 losing the data, whereas cut-buffers, are stored within the X-server itself | |
| 673 and remain until written over or the X-server exits (e.g., upon logging out). | |
| 674 | |
| 675 The contents of selections are held by the originating application (e.g., upon | |
| 676 a copy), and only passed on to another application when that other application | |
| 677 asks for them (e.g., upon a paste). | |
| 678 | |
| 679 The contents of cut-buffers are immediately written to, and are then | |
| 680 accessible directly from the X-server, without contacting the originating | |
| 681 application. | |
| 682 | |
| 683 *quoteplus* *quote+* | |
| 684 There are three documented X selections: PRIMARY (which is expected to | |
| 685 represent the current visual selection - as in Vim's Visual mode), SECONDARY | |
| 686 (which is ill-defined) and CLIPBOARD (which is expected to be used for | |
| 687 cut, copy and paste operations). | |
| 688 | |
| 689 Of these three, Vim uses PRIMARY when reading and writing the "* register | |
| 690 (hence when the X11 selections are available, Vim sets a default value for | |
| 691 |'clipboard'| of "autoselect"), and CLIPBOARD when reading and writing the "+ | |
| 692 register. Vim does not access the SECONDARY selection. | |
| 693 | |
| 694 Examples: (assuming the default option values) | |
| 11914 | 695 - Select a URL in Visual mode in Vim. Go to your browser and click the |
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696 middle mouse button in the URL text field. The selected text will be |
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697 inserted (hopefully!). Note: in Firefox you can set the |
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698 middlemouse.contentLoadURL preference to true in about:config, then the |
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699 selected URL will be used when pressing middle mouse button in most places |
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700 in the window. |
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701 - Select some text in your browser by dragging with the mouse. Go to Vim and |
| 7 | 702 press the middle mouse button: The selected text is inserted. |
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703 - Select some text in Vim and do "+y. Go to your browser, select some text in |
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704 a textfield by dragging with the mouse. Now use the right mouse button and |
| 7 | 705 select "Paste" from the popup menu. The selected text is overwritten by the |
| 706 text from Vim. | |
| 707 Note that the text in the "+ register remains available when making a Visual | |
| 708 selection, which makes other text available in the "* register. That allows | |
| 709 overwriting selected text. | |
| 710 *x11-cut-buffer* | |
| 711 There are, by default, 8 cut-buffers: CUT_BUFFER0 to CUT_BUFFER7. Vim only | |
| 712 uses CUT_BUFFER0, which is the one that xterm uses by default. | |
| 713 | |
| 714 Whenever Vim is about to become unavailable (either via exiting or becoming | |
| 715 suspended), and thus unable to respond to another application's selection | |
| 716 request, it writes the contents of any owned selection to CUT_BUFFER0. If the | |
| 717 "+ CLIPBOARD selection is owned by Vim, then this is written in preference, | |
| 718 otherwise if the "* PRIMARY selection is owned by Vim, then that is written. | |
| 719 | |
| 720 Similarly, when Vim tries to paste from "* or "+ (either explicitly, or, in | |
| 721 the case of the "* register, when the middle mouse button is clicked), if the | |
| 722 requested X selection is empty or unavailable, Vim reverts to reading the | |
| 723 current value of the CUT_BUFFER0. | |
| 724 | |
| 725 Note that when text is copied to CUT_BUFFER0 in this way, the type of | |
| 726 selection (character, line or block) is always lost, even if it is a Vim which | |
| 727 later pastes it. | |
| 728 | |
| 729 Xterm, by default, always writes visible selections to both PRIMARY and | |
| 730 CUT_BUFFER0. When it pastes, it uses PRIMARY if this is available, or else | |
| 731 falls back upon CUT_BUFFER0. For this reason, when cutting and pasting | |
| 732 between Vim and an xterm, you should use the "* register. Xterm doesn't use | |
| 733 CLIPBOARD, thus the "+ doesn't work with xterm. | |
| 734 | |
| 735 Most newer applications will provide their current selection via PRIMARY ("*) | |
| 736 and use CLIPBOARD ("+) for cut/copy/paste operations. You thus have access to | |
| 737 both by choosing to use either of the "* or "+ registers. | |
| 738 | |
| 739 | |
| 14421 | 740 vim:tw=78:sw=4:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |