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annotate runtime/doc/usr_32.txt @ 2690:3ea3dcbf2cd6 v7.3.108
updated for version 7.3.108
Problem: Useless check for NULL when calling vim_free().
Solution: Remove the check. (Dominique Pelle)
| author | Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Tue, 01 Feb 2011 13:48:53 +0100 |
| parents | 073ff46fe397 |
| children | 6ec6b7ff2d43 |
| rev | line source |
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1 *usr_32.txt* For Vim version 7.3. Last change: 2010 Jul 20 |
| 799 | 2 |
| 3 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 4 | |
| 5 The undo tree | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 Vim provides multi-level undo. If you undo a few changes and then make a new | |
| 9 change you create a branch in the undo tree. This text is about moving | |
| 10 through the branches. | |
| 11 | |
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12 |32.1| Undo up to a file write |
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13 |32.2| Numbering changes |
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14 |32.3| Jumping around the tree |
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15 |32.4| Time travelling |
| 799 | 16 |
| 17 Next chapter: |usr_40.txt| Make new commands | |
| 18 Previous chapter: |usr_31.txt| Exploiting the GUI | |
| 19 Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| | |
| 20 | |
| 21 ============================================================================== | |
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22 *32.1* Undo up to a file write |
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23 |
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24 Sometimes you make several changes, and then discover you want to go back to |
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25 when you have last written the file. You can do that with this command: > |
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26 |
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27 :earlier 1f |
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28 |
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29 The "f" stands for "file" here. |
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30 |
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31 You can repeat this command to go further back in the past. Or use a count |
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32 different from 1 to go back faster. |
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33 |
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34 If you go back too far, go forward again with: > |
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35 |
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36 :later 1f |
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37 |
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38 Note that these commands really work in time sequence. This matters if you |
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39 made changes after undoing some changes. It's explained in the next section. |
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40 |
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41 Also note that we are talking about text writes here. For writing the undo |
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42 information in a file see |undo-persistence|. |
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43 |
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44 ============================================================================== |
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45 *32.2* Numbering changes |
| 799 | 46 |
| 47 In section |02.5| we only discussed one line of undo/redo. But it is also | |
| 48 possible to branch off. This happens when you undo a few changes and then | |
| 49 make a new change. The new changes become a branch in the undo tree. | |
| 50 | |
| 51 Let's start with the text "one". The first change to make is to append | |
| 52 " too". And then move to the first 'o' and change it into 'w'. We then have | |
| 53 two changes, numbered 1 and 2, and three states of the text: | |
| 54 | |
| 55 one ~ | |
| 56 | | |
| 57 change 1 | |
| 856 | 58 | |
| 799 | 59 one too ~ |
| 856 | 60 | |
| 799 | 61 change 2 |
| 856 | 62 | |
| 799 | 63 one two ~ |
| 64 | |
| 65 If we now undo one change, back to "one too", and change "one" to "me" we | |
| 66 create a branch in the undo tree: | |
| 67 | |
| 68 one ~ | |
| 69 | | |
| 70 change 1 | |
| 856 | 71 | |
| 799 | 72 one too ~ |
| 73 / \ | |
| 856 | 74 change 2 change 3 |
| 75 | | | |
| 76 one two me too ~ | |
| 799 | 77 |
| 78 You can now use the |u| command to undo. If you do this twice you get to | |
| 79 "one". Use |CTRL-R| to redo, and you will go to "one too". One more |CTRL-R| | |
| 80 takes you to "me too". Thus undo and redo go up and down in the tree, using | |
| 81 the branch that was last used. | |
| 82 | |
| 83 What matters here is the order in which the changes are made. Undo and redo | |
| 84 are not considered changes in this context. After each change you have a new | |
| 85 state of the text. | |
| 86 | |
| 87 Note that only the changes are numbered, the text shown in the tree above has | |
| 88 no identifier. They are mostly referred to by the number of the change above | |
| 89 it. But sometimes by the number of one of the changes below it, especially | |
| 90 when moving up in the tree, so that you know which change was just undone. | |
| 91 | |
| 92 ============================================================================== | |
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93 *32.3* Jumping around the tree |
| 799 | 94 |
| 95 So how do you get to "one two" now? You can use this command: > | |
| 96 | |
| 97 :undo 2 | |
| 98 | |
| 99 The text is now "one two", you are below change 2. You can use the |:undo| | |
| 100 command to jump to below any change in the tree. | |
| 101 | |
| 102 Now make another change: change "one" to "not": | |
| 103 | |
| 104 one ~ | |
| 105 | | |
| 106 change 1 | |
| 856 | 107 | |
| 799 | 108 one too ~ |
| 109 / \ | |
| 856 | 110 change 2 change 3 |
| 111 | | | |
| 112 one two me too ~ | |
| 799 | 113 | |
| 114 change 4 | |
| 115 | | |
| 116 not two ~ | |
| 117 | |
| 118 Now you change your mind and want to go back to "me too". Use the |g-| | |
| 119 command. This moves back in time. Thus it doesn't walk the tree upwards or | |
| 120 downwards, but goes to the change made before. | |
| 121 | |
| 122 You can repeat |g-| and you will see the text change: | |
| 123 me too ~ | |
| 124 one two ~ | |
| 125 one too ~ | |
| 126 one ~ | |
| 127 | |
| 128 Use |g+| to move forward in time: | |
| 129 one ~ | |
| 130 one too ~ | |
| 131 one two ~ | |
| 132 me too ~ | |
| 133 not two ~ | |
| 134 | |
| 135 Using |:undo| is useful if you know what change you want to jump to. |g-| and | |
| 136 |g+| are useful if you don't know exactly what the change number is. | |
| 137 | |
| 138 You can type a count before |g-| and |g+| to repeat them. | |
| 139 | |
| 140 ============================================================================== | |
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141 *32.4* Time travelling |
| 799 | 142 |
| 143 When you have been working on text for a while the tree grows to become big. | |
| 144 Then you may want to go to the text of some minutes ago. | |
| 145 | |
| 146 To see what branches there are in the undo tree use this command: > | |
| 147 | |
| 148 :undolist | |
| 149 < number changes time ~ | |
| 150 3 2 16 seconds ago | |
| 151 4 3 5 seconds ago | |
| 152 | |
| 153 Here you can see the number of the leaves in each branch and when the change | |
| 154 was made. Assuming we are below change 4, at "not two", you can go back ten | |
| 155 seconds with this command: > | |
| 156 | |
| 157 :earlier 10s | |
| 158 | |
| 159 Depending on how much time you took for the changes you end up at a certain | |
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160 position in the tree. The |:earlier| command argument can be "m" for minutes, |
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161 "h" for hours and "d" for days. To go all the way back use a big number: > |
| 799 | 162 |
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163 :earlier 100d |
| 799 | 164 |
| 165 To travel forward in time again use the |:later| command: > | |
| 166 | |
| 167 :later 1m | |
| 168 | |
| 169 The arguments are "s", "m" and "h", just like with |:earlier|. | |
| 170 | |
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171 If you want even more details, or want to manipulate the information, you can |
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172 use the |undotree()| function. To see what it returns: > |
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173 |
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174 :echo undotree() |
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175 |
| 799 | 176 ============================================================================== |
| 177 | |
| 178 Next chapter: |usr_40.txt| Make new commands | |
| 179 | |
| 180 Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: |