Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/xxd.1 @ 33942:3bba09502b8d v9.0.2167
patch 9.0.2167: Vim9: not consistently using :var for declarations
Commit: https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/74da0ee0a24799a312a3a8a65858237185ef7a23
Author: Doug Kearns <dougkearns@gmail.com>
Date: Thu Dec 14 20:26:26 2023 +0100
patch 9.0.2167: Vim9: not consistently using :var for declarations
Problem: Vim9-script object/class variable declarations use syntax
that is inconsistent with the rest of the language.
Solution: Use :var to declare object and class variables.
closes: #13670
Signed-off-by: Doug Kearns <dougkearns@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org>
| author | Christian Brabandt <cb@256bit.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 14 Dec 2023 20:30:06 +0100 |
| parents | 33cbd544dc46 |
| children | 42f061099b39 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 7 | 1 .TH XXD 1 "August 1996" "Manual page for xxd" |
| 2 .\" | |
| 3 .\" 21st May 1996 | |
| 4 .\" Man page author: | |
| 5 .\" Tony Nugent <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au> | |
| 6 .\" Changes by Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> | |
| 7 .SH NAME | |
| 8 .I xxd | |
|
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9 \- make a hex dump or do the reverse. |
| 7 | 10 .SH SYNOPSIS |
| 11 .B xxd | |
| 12 \-h[elp] | |
| 13 .br | |
| 14 .B xxd | |
| 15 [options] [infile [outfile]] | |
| 16 .br | |
| 17 .B xxd | |
| 18 \-r[evert] [options] [infile [outfile]] | |
| 19 .SH DESCRIPTION | |
| 20 .I xxd | |
| 21 creates a hex dump of a given file or standard input. | |
| 22 It can also convert a hex dump back to its original binary form. | |
| 23 Like | |
| 216 | 24 .BR uuencode (1) |
| 7 | 25 and |
| 216 | 26 .BR uudecode (1) |
| 7 | 27 it allows the transmission of binary data in a `mail-safe' ASCII representation, |
| 28 but has the advantage of decoding to standard output. | |
| 29 Moreover, it can be used to perform binary file patching. | |
| 30 .SH OPTIONS | |
| 31 If no | |
| 32 .I infile | |
| 33 is given, standard input is read. | |
| 34 If | |
| 35 .I infile | |
| 36 is specified as a | |
| 37 .RB \` \- ' | |
| 38 character, then input is taken from standard input. | |
| 39 If no | |
| 40 .I outfile | |
| 41 is given (or a | |
| 42 .RB \` \- ' | |
| 43 character is in its place), results are sent to standard output. | |
| 44 .PP | |
| 45 Note that a "lazy" parser is used which does not check for more than the first | |
| 46 option letter, unless the option is followed by a parameter. | |
| 47 Spaces between a single option letter and its parameter are optional. | |
| 48 Parameters to options can be specified in decimal, hexadecimal or octal | |
| 49 notation. | |
| 50 Thus | |
| 51 .BR \-c8 , | |
| 52 .BR "\-c 8" , | |
| 53 .B \-c 010 | |
| 54 and | |
| 55 .B \-cols 8 | |
| 56 are all equivalent. | |
| 57 .PP | |
| 58 .TP | |
| 59 .IR \-a " | " \-autoskip | |
|
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60 Toggle autoskip: A single '*' replaces NUL-lines. Default off. |
| 7 | 61 .TP |
| 62 .IR \-b " | " \-bits | |
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63 Switch to bits (binary digits) dump, rather than hex dump. |
| 7 | 64 This option writes octets as eight digits "1"s and "0"s instead of a normal |
| 36 | 65 hexadecimal dump. Each line is preceded by a line number in hexadecimal and |
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66 followed by an ASCII (or EBCDIC) representation. The command line switches |
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67 \-p, \-i do not work with this mode. |
| 7 | 68 .TP |
| 69 .IR "\-c cols " | " \-cols cols" | |
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70 Format |
| 7 | 71 .RI < cols > |
| 72 octets per line. Default 16 (\-i: 12, \-ps: 30, \-b: 6). Max 256. | |
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73 No maximum for \-ps. With \-ps, 0 results in one long line of output. |
| 7 | 74 .TP |
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75 .IR \-C " | " \-capitalize |
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76 Capitalize variable names in C include file style, when using \-i. |
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77 .TP |
| 7 | 78 .IR \-E " | " \-EBCDIC |
| 79 Change the character encoding in the righthand column from ASCII to EBCDIC. | |
| 80 This does not change the hexadecimal representation. The option is | |
| 81 meaningless in combinations with \-r, \-p or \-i. | |
| 82 .TP | |
| 6655 | 83 .IR \-e |
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84 Switch to little-endian hex dump. |
| 6655 | 85 This option treats byte groups as words in little-endian byte order. |
| 86 The default grouping of 4 bytes may be changed using | |
| 87 .RI "" \-g . | |
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88 This option only applies to the hex dump, leaving the ASCII (or EBCDIC) |
| 6655 | 89 representation unchanged. |
| 90 The command line switches | |
| 91 \-r, \-p, \-i do not work with this mode. | |
| 92 .TP | |
| 7 | 93 .IR "\-g bytes " | " \-groupsize bytes" |
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94 Separate the output of every |
| 7 | 95 .RI < bytes > |
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96 bytes (two hex characters or eight bit digits each) by a whitespace. |
| 7 | 97 Specify |
| 98 .I \-g 0 | |
| 99 to suppress grouping. | |
| 100 .RI < Bytes "> defaults to " 2 | |
| 6655 | 101 in normal mode, \fI4\fP in little-endian mode and \fI1\fP in bits mode. |
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102 Grouping does not apply to PostScript or include style. |
| 7 | 103 .TP |
| 104 .IR \-h " | " \-help | |
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105 Print a summary of available commands and exit. No hex dumping is performed. |
| 7 | 106 .TP |
| 107 .IR \-i " | " \-include | |
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108 Output in C include file style. A complete static array definition is written |
| 7 | 109 (named after the input file), unless xxd reads from stdin. |
| 110 .TP | |
| 111 .IR "\-l len " | " \-len len" | |
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112 Stop after writing |
| 7 | 113 .RI < len > |
| 114 octets. | |
| 115 .TP | |
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116 .I "\-n name " | " \-name name" |
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117 Override the variable name output when \-i is used. The array is named |
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118 \fIname\fP and the length is named \fIname\fP_len. |
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119 .TP |
| 6655 | 120 .I \-o offset |
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121 Add |
| 6655 | 122 .RI < offset > |
| 123 to the displayed file position. | |
| 124 .TP | |
| 7 | 125 .IR \-p " | " \-ps " | " \-postscript " | " \-plain |
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126 Output in PostScript continuous hex dump style. Also known as plain hex dump |
| 7 | 127 style. |
| 128 .TP | |
| 129 .IR \-r " | " \-revert | |
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130 Reverse operation: convert (or patch) hex dump into binary. |
| 7 | 131 If not writing to stdout, xxd writes into its output file without truncating |
| 132 it. Use the combination | |
| 133 .I \-r \-p | |
| 134 to read plain hexadecimal dumps without line number information and without a | |
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135 particular column layout. Additional whitespace and line breaks are allowed |
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136 anywhere. Use the combination |
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137 .I \-r \-b |
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138 to read a bits dump instead of a hex dump. |
| 7 | 139 .TP |
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140 .IR \-R " " when |
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141 In output the hex-value and the value are both colored with the same color |
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142 depending on the hex-value. Mostly helping to differentiate printable and |
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143 non-printable characters. |
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144 .I \fIwhen\fP |
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145 is |
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146 .BR never ", " always ", or " auto . |
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147 When the |
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148 .BR $NO_COLOR |
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149 environment variable is set, colorization will be disabled. |
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150 .TP |
| 7 | 151 .I \-seek offset |
| 152 When used after | |
| 216 | 153 .IR \-r : |
| 154 revert with | |
| 7 | 155 .RI < offset > |
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156 added to file positions found in hex dump. |
| 7 | 157 .TP |
| 216 | 158 .I \-s [+][\-]seek |
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159 Start at |
| 7 | 160 .RI < seek > |
| 161 bytes abs. (or rel.) infile offset. | |
| 1125 | 162 \fI+ \fRindicates that the seek is relative to the current stdin file position |
| 7 | 163 (meaningless when not reading from stdin). \fI\- \fRindicates that the seek |
| 164 should be that many characters from the end of the input (or if combined with | |
| 216 | 165 \fI+\fR: before the current stdin file position). |
| 7 | 166 Without \-s option, xxd starts at the current file position. |
| 167 .TP | |
| 168 .I \-u | |
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169 Use upper-case hex letters. Default is lower-case. |
| 7 | 170 .TP |
| 171 .IR \-v " | " \-version | |
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172 Show version string. |
| 7 | 173 .SH CAVEATS |
| 174 .PP | |
| 175 .I xxd \-r | |
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176 has some built-in magic while evaluating line number information. |
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177 If the output file is seekable, then the line numbers at the start of each |
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178 hex dump line may be out of order, lines may be missing, or overlapping. In |
| 7 | 179 these cases xxd will lseek(2) to the next position. If the output file is not |
| 180 seekable, only gaps are allowed, which will be filled by null-bytes. | |
| 181 .PP | |
| 182 .I xxd \-r | |
| 183 never generates parse errors. Garbage is silently skipped. | |
| 184 .PP | |
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185 When editing hex dumps, please note that |
| 7 | 186 .I xxd \-r |
| 187 skips everything on the input line after reading enough columns of hexadecimal | |
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188 data (see option \-c). This also means that changes to the printable ASCII (or |
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189 EBCDIC) columns are always ignored. Reverting a plain (or PostScript) style |
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190 hex dump with xxd \-r \-p does not depend on the correct number of columns. Here, anything that looks like a pair of hex digits is interpreted. |
| 7 | 191 .PP |
| 192 Note the difference between | |
| 193 .br | |
| 194 \fI% xxd \-i file\fR | |
| 195 .br | |
| 196 and | |
| 197 .br | |
| 216 | 198 \fI% xxd \-i < file\fR |
| 7 | 199 .PP |
| 810 | 200 .I xxd \-s +seek |
| 7 | 201 may be different from |
| 216 | 202 .IR "xxd \-s seek" , |
| 203 as lseek(2) is used to "rewind" input. A '+' | |
| 7 | 204 makes a difference if the input source is stdin, and if stdin's file position |
| 205 is not at the start of the file by the time xxd is started and given its input. | |
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206 The following examples may help to clarify (or further confuse!): |
| 7 | 207 .PP |
| 208 Rewind stdin before reading; needed because the `cat' has already read to the | |
| 209 end of stdin. | |
| 210 .br | |
| 1125 | 211 \fI% sh \-c "cat > plain_copy; xxd \-s 0 > hex_copy" < file\fR |
| 7 | 212 .PP |
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213 Hex dump from file position 0x480 (=1024+128) onwards. |
| 7 | 214 The `+' sign means "relative to the current position", thus the `128' adds to |
| 215 the 1k where dd left off. | |
| 216 .br | |
| 1125 | 217 \fI% sh \-c "dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +128 > hex_snippet" < file\fR |
| 7 | 218 .PP |
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219 Hex dump from file position 0x100 (=1024\-768) onwards. |
| 7 | 220 .br |
| 1125 | 221 \fI% sh \-c "dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +\-768 > hex_snippet" < file\fR |
| 7 | 222 .PP |
| 223 However, this is a rare situation and the use of `+' is rarely needed. | |
| 36 | 224 The author prefers to monitor the effect of xxd with strace(1) or truss(1), whenever \-s is used. |
| 7 | 225 .SH EXAMPLES |
| 226 .PP | |
| 227 .br | |
| 228 Print everything but the first three lines (hex 0x30 bytes) of | |
| 810 | 229 .BR file . |
| 7 | 230 .br |
| 1125 | 231 \fI% xxd \-s 0x30 file\fR |
| 7 | 232 .PP |
| 233 .br | |
| 234 Print 3 lines (hex 0x30 bytes) from the end of | |
| 810 | 235 .BR file . |
| 7 | 236 .br |
| 1125 | 237 \fI% xxd \-s \-0x30 file\fR |
| 7 | 238 .PP |
| 239 .br | |
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240 Print 120 bytes as a continuous hex dump with 20 octets per line. |
| 7 | 241 .br |
| 242 \fI% xxd \-l 120 \-ps \-c 20 xxd.1\fR | |
| 243 .br | |
| 36 | 244 2e54482058584420312022417567757374203139 |
| 7 | 245 .br |
| 36 | 246 39362220224d616e75616c207061676520666f72 |
| 7 | 247 .br |
| 36 | 248 20787864220a2e5c220a2e5c222032317374204d |
| 7 | 249 .br |
| 36 | 250 617920313939360a2e5c22204d616e2070616765 |
| 7 | 251 .br |
| 36 | 252 20617574686f723a0a2e5c2220202020546f6e79 |
| 7 | 253 .br |
| 36 | 254 204e7567656e74203c746f6e79407363746e7567 |
| 7 | 255 .br |
| 256 | |
| 257 .br | |
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258 Hex dump the first 120 bytes of this man page with 12 octets per line. |
| 7 | 259 .br |
| 260 \fI% xxd \-l 120 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR | |
| 261 .br | |
| 36 | 262 0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 2241 .TH XXD 1 "A |
| 7 | 263 .br |
| 36 | 264 000000c: 7567 7573 7420 3139 3936 2220 ugust 1996" |
| 7 | 265 .br |
| 36 | 266 0000018: 224d 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 "Manual page |
| 7 | 267 .br |
| 36 | 268 0000024: 2066 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c for xxd"..\\ |
| 7 | 269 .br |
| 36 | 270 0000030: 220a 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d "..\\" 21st M |
| 7 | 271 .br |
| 36 | 272 000003c: 6179 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 ay 1996..\\" |
| 7 | 273 .br |
| 36 | 274 0000048: 4d61 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 Man page aut |
| 7 | 275 .br |
| 36 | 276 0000054: 686f 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 hor:..\\" |
| 7 | 277 .br |
| 36 | 278 0000060: 546f 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 Tony Nugent |
| 7 | 279 .br |
| 36 | 280 000006c: 3c74 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 <tony@sctnug |
| 7 | 281 .PP |
| 282 .br | |
| 283 Display just the date from the file xxd.1 | |
| 284 .br | |
| 36 | 285 \fI% xxd \-s 0x36 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR |
| 7 | 286 .br |
| 36 | 287 0000036: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 21st May 1996 |
| 7 | 288 .PP |
| 289 .br | |
| 290 Copy | |
| 291 .B input_file | |
| 292 to | |
| 293 .B output_file | |
| 294 and prepend 100 bytes of value 0x00. | |
| 295 .br | |
| 810 | 296 \fI% xxd input_file | xxd \-r \-s 100 > output_file\fR |
| 7 | 297 .br |
| 298 | |
| 299 .br | |
| 300 Patch the date in the file xxd.1 | |
| 301 .br | |
| 810 | 302 \fI% echo "0000037: 3574 68" | xxd \-r \- xxd.1\fR |
| 7 | 303 .br |
| 36 | 304 \fI% xxd \-s 0x36 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR |
| 7 | 305 .br |
| 36 | 306 0000036: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 25th May 1996 |
| 7 | 307 .PP |
| 308 .br | |
| 309 Create a 65537 byte file with all bytes 0x00, | |
| 310 except for the last one which is 'A' (hex 0x41). | |
| 311 .br | |
| 810 | 312 \fI% echo "010000: 41" | xxd \-r > file\fR |
| 7 | 313 .PP |
| 314 .br | |
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315 Hex dump this file with autoskip. |
| 7 | 316 .br |
| 317 \fI% xxd \-a \-c 12 file\fR | |
| 318 .br | |
| 319 0000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ............ | |
| 320 .br | |
| 321 * | |
| 322 .br | |
| 323 000fffc: 0000 0000 40 ....A | |
| 324 .PP | |
| 325 Create a 1 byte file containing a single 'A' character. | |
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326 The number after '\-r \-s' adds to the line numbers found in the file; |
| 7 | 327 in effect, the leading bytes are suppressed. |
| 328 .br | |
| 810 | 329 \fI% echo "010000: 41" | xxd \-r \-s \-0x10000 > file\fR |
| 7 | 330 .PP |
| 331 Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as | |
| 332 .B vim(1) | |
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333 to hex dump a region marked between `a' and `z'. |
| 7 | 334 .br |
| 335 \fI:'a,'z!xxd\fR | |
| 336 .PP | |
| 337 Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as | |
| 338 .B vim(1) | |
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339 to recover a binary hex dump marked between `a' and `z'. |
| 7 | 340 .br |
| 341 \fI:'a,'z!xxd \-r\fR | |
| 342 .PP | |
| 343 Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as | |
| 344 .B vim(1) | |
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345 to recover one line of a hex dump. Move the cursor over the line and type: |
| 7 | 346 .br |
| 347 \fI!!xxd \-r\fR | |
| 348 .PP | |
| 349 Read single characters from a serial line | |
| 350 .br | |
| 351 \fI% xxd \-c1 < /dev/term/b &\fR | |
| 352 .br | |
| 353 \fI% stty < /dev/term/b \-echo \-opost \-isig \-icanon min 1\fR | |
| 354 .br | |
| 355 \fI% echo \-n foo > /dev/term/b\fR | |
| 356 .PP | |
| 357 .SH "RETURN VALUES" | |
| 358 The following error values are returned: | |
| 359 .TP | |
| 360 0 | |
| 361 no errors encountered. | |
| 362 .TP | |
| 363 \-1 | |
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364 operation not supported |
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365 \%(\c |
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366 .I \%xxd \-r \-i |
| 7 | 367 still impossible). |
| 368 .TP | |
| 369 1 | |
| 370 error while parsing options. | |
| 371 .TP | |
| 372 2 | |
| 373 problems with input file. | |
| 374 .TP | |
| 375 3 | |
| 376 problems with output file. | |
| 377 .TP | |
| 378 4,5 | |
| 379 desired seek position is unreachable. | |
| 380 .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
| 381 uuencode(1), uudecode(1), patch(1) | |
| 382 .br | |
| 383 .SH WARNINGS | |
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384 The tool's weirdness matches its creator's brain. |
| 7 | 385 Use entirely at your own risk. Copy files. Trace it. Become a wizard. |
| 386 .br | |
| 387 .SH VERSION | |
| 388 This manual page documents xxd version 1.7 | |
| 389 .SH AUTHOR | |
| 390 .br | |
| 391 (c) 1990-1997 by Juergen Weigert | |
| 392 .br | |
| 810 | 393 <jnweiger@informatik.uni\-erlangen.de> |
| 7 | 394 .LP |
| 395 Distribute freely and credit me, | |
| 396 .br | |
| 397 make money and share with me, | |
| 398 .br | |
| 399 lose money and don't ask me. | |
| 400 .PP | |
| 401 Manual page started by Tony Nugent | |
| 402 .br | |
| 403 <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au> | |
| 404 .br | |
| 405 Small changes by Bram Moolenaar. | |
| 406 Edited by Juergen Weigert. | |
| 407 .PP |