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1 *gui_w32.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2014 Dec 20
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4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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6
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7 Vim's Win32 Graphical User Interface *gui-w32* *win32-gui*
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8
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9 1. Starting the GUI |gui-w32-start|
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10 2. Vim as default editor |vim-default-editor|
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11 3. Using the clipboard |gui-clipboard|
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12 4. Shell Commands |gui-shell-win32|
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13 5. Special colors |win32-colors|
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14 6. Windows dialogs & browsers |gui-w32-dialogs|
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15 7. Command line arguments |gui-w32-cmdargs|
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16 8. Various |gui-w32-various|
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17
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18 Other relevant documentation:
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19 |gui.txt| For generic items of the GUI.
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20 |os_win32.txt| For Win32 specific items.
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21
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22 {Vi does not have a Windows GUI}
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23
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24 ==============================================================================
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25 1. Starting the GUI *gui-w32-start*
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26
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27 The Win32 GUI version of Vim will always start the GUI, no matter how you
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28 start it or what it's called.
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29
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30 The GUI will always run in the Windows subsystem. Mostly shells automatically
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31 return with a command prompt after starting gvim. If not, you should use the
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32 "start" command: >
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33 start gvim [options] file ..
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34
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35 Note: All fonts (bold, italic) must be of the same size!!! If you don't do
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36 this, text will disappear or mess up the display. Vim does not check the font
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37 sizes. It's the size in screen pixels that must be the same. Note that some
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38 fonts that have the same point size don't have the same pixel size!
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39 Additionally, the positioning of the fonts must be the same (ascent and
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40 descent).
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41
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42 The Win32 GUI has an extra menu item: "Edit/Select Font". It brings up the
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43 standard Windows font selector.
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44
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45 Setting the menu height doesn't work for the Win32 GUI.
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46
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47 *gui-win32-maximized*
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48 If you want Vim to start with a maximized window, add this command to your
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49 vimrc or gvimrc file: >
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50 au GUIEnter * simalt ~x
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51 <
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52 *gui-w32s*
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53 There is a specific version of gvim.exe that runs under the Win32s subsystem
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54 of Windows 3.1 or 3.11. See |win32s|.
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55
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56
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57 Using Vim as a plugin *gui-w32-windowid*
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58
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59 When gvim starts up normally, it creates its own top level window. If you
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60 pass Vim the command-line option |--windowid| with a decimal or hexadecimal
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61 value, Vim will create a window that is a child of the window with the given
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62 ID. This enables Vim to act as a plugin in another application. This really
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63 is a programmer's interface, and is of no use without a supporting application
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64 to spawn Vim correctly.
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65
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66 ==============================================================================
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67 2. Vim as default editor *vim-default-editor*
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68
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69 To set Vim as the default editor for a file type:
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70 1. Start a Windows Explorer
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71 2. Choose View/Options -> File Types
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72 3. Select the path to gvim for every file type that you want to use it for.
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73 (you can also use three spaces in the file type field, for files without an
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74 extension).
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75 In the "open" action, use: >
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76 gvim "%1"
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77 < The quotes are required for using file names with embedded spaces.
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78 You can also use this: >
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79 gvim "%L"
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80 < This should avoid short (8.3 character) file names in some situations. But
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81 I'm not sure if this works everywhere.
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82
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83 When you open a file in Vim by double clicking it, Vim changes to that
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84 file's directory.
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85
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86 If you want Vim to start full-screen, use this for the Open action: >
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87 gvim -c "simalt ~x" "%1"
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88
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89 Another method, which also works when you put Vim in another directory (e.g.,
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90 when you have got a new version):
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91 1. select a file you want to use Vim with
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92 2. <Shift-F10>
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93 3. select "Open With..." menu entry
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94 4. click "Other..."
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95 5. browse to the (new) location of Vim and click "Open"
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96 6. make "Always Use this program..." checked
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97 7. <OK>
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98
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99 *send-to-menu* *sendto*
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100 You can also install Vim in the "Send To" menu:
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101 1. Start a Windows Explorer
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102 2. Navigate to your sendto directory:
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103 Windows 95: %windir%\sendto (e.g. "c:\windows\sendto")
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104 Windows NT: %windir%\profiles\%user%\sendto (e.g.
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105 "c:\winnt\profiles\mattha\sendto").
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106 3. Right-click in the file pane and select New->Shortcut
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107 4. Follow the shortcut wizard, using the full path to VIM/GVIM.
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108
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109 When you 'send a file to Vim', Vim changes to that file's directory. Note,
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110 however, that any long directory names will appear in their short (MS-DOS)
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111 form. This is a limitation of the Windows "Send To" mechanism.
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112
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113 *notepad*
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114 You could replace notepad.exe with gvim.exe, but that has a few side effects.
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115 Some programs rely on notepad arguments, which are not recognized by Vim. For
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116 example "notepad -p" is used by some applications to print a file. It's
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117 better to leave notepad where it is and use another way to start Vim.
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118
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119 *win32-popup-menu*
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120 A more drastic approach is to install an "Edit with Vim" entry in the popup
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121 menu for the right mouse button. With this you can edit any file with Vim.
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122
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123 This can co-exist with the file associations mentioned above. The difference
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124 is that the file associations will make starting Vim the default action. With
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125 the "Edit with Vim" menu entry you can keep the existing file association for
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126 double clicking on the file, and edit the file with Vim when you want. For
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127 example, you can associate "*.mak" with your make program. You can execute
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128 the makefile by double clicking it and use the "Edit with Vim" entry to edit
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129 the makefile.
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130
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131 You can select any files and right-click to see a menu option called "Edit
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132 with gvim". Choosing this menu option will invoke gvim with the file you have
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133 selected. If you select multiple files, you will find two gvim-related menu
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134 options:
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135 "Edit with multiple gvims" -- one gvim for each file in the selection
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136 "Edit with single gvim" -- one gvim for all the files in the selection
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137 And if there already is a gvim running:
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138 "Edit with existing gvim" -- edit the file with the running gvim
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139
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140 The "edit with existing Vim" entries can be disabled by adding an entry in the
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141 registry under HKLM\Software\Vim\Gvim, named DisableEditWithExisting, and with
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142 any value.
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143 *install-registry*
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144 You can add the "Edit with Vim" menu entry in an easy way by using the
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145 "install.exe" program. It will add several registry entries for you.
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146
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147 You can also do this by hand. This is complicated! Use the install.exe if
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148 you can.
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149
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150 1. Start the registry editor with "regedit".
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151 2. Add these keys:
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152 key value name value ~
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153 HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}
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154 {default} Vim Shell Extension
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155 HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}\InProcServer32
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156 {default} {path}\gvimext.dll
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157 ThreadingModel Apartment
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158 HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers\gvim
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159 {default} {51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}
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160 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Shell Extensions\Approved
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161 {51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}
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162 Vim Shell Extension
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163 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Vim\Gvim
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164 path {path}\gvim.exe
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165 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\vim 5.6
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166 DisplayName Vim 5.6: Edit with Vim popup menu entry
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167 UninstallString {path}\uninstal.exe
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168
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169 Replace {path} with the path that leads to the executable.
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170 Don't type {default}, this is the value for the key itself.
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171
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172 To remove "Edit with Vim" from the popup menu, just remove the registry
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173 entries mentioned above. The "uninstal.exe" program can do this for you. You
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174 can also use the entry in the Windows standard "Add/Remove Programs" list.
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175
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176 If you notice that this entry overrules other file type associations, set
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177 those associations again by hand (using Windows Explorer, see above). This
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178 only seems to happen on some Windows NT versions (Windows bug?). Procedure:
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179 1. Find the name of the file type. This can be done by starting the registry
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180 editor, and searching for the extension in \\HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
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181 2. In a Windows Explorer, use View/Options/File Types. Search for the file
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182 type in the list and click "Edit". In the actions list, you can select on
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183 to be used as the default (normally the "open" action) and click on the
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184 "Set Default" button.
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185
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186
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187 Vim in the "Open With..." context menu *win32-open-with-menu*
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188
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189 If you use the Vim install program you have the choice to add Vim to the "Open
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190 With..." menu. This means you can use Vim to edit many files. Not every file
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191 (for unclear reasons...), thus the "Edit with Vim" menu entry is still useful.
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192
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193 One reason to add this is to be able to edit HTML files directly from Internet
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194 Explorer. To enable this use the "Tools" menu, "Internet Options..." entry.
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195 In the dialog select the "Programs" tab and select Vim in the "HTML editor"
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196 choice. If it's not there than installing didn't work properly.
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197
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198 Doing this manually can be done with this script:
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199
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200 ----------------------------------------------------------
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201 REGEDIT4
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202
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203 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe]
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204
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205 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell]
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206
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207 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell\edit]
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208
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209 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell\edit\command]
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210 @="c:\\vim\\vim62\\gvim.exe \"%1\""
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211
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212 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.htm\OpenWithList\gvim.exe]
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213
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214 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\OpenWithList\gvim.exe]
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215
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216 ----------------------------------------------------------
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217
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218 Change the "c:\\vim\\vim62" bit to where gvim.exe is actually located.
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219
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220 To uninstall this run the Vim uninstall program or manually delete the
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221 registry entries with "regedit".
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222
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223 ==============================================================================
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224 3. Using the clipboard *gui-clipboard*
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225
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226 Windows has a clipboard, where you can copy text to, and paste text from. Vim
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227 supports this in several ways. For other systems see |gui-selections|.
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228
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229 The "* register reflects the contents of the clipboard. |quotestar|
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230
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231 When the "unnamed" string is included in the 'clipboard' option, the unnamed
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232 register is the same. Thus you can yank to and paste from the clipboard
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233 without prepending "* to commands.
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234
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235 The 'a' flag in 'guioptions' is not included by default. This means that text
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236 is only put on the clipboard when an operation is performed on it. Just
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237 Visually selecting text doesn't put it on the clipboard. When the 'a' flag is
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238 included, the text is copied to the clipboard even when it is not operated
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239 upon.
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240
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241 *mswin.vim*
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242 To use the standard MS-Windows way of CTRL-X, CTRL-C and CTRL-V, use the
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243 $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim script. You could add this line to your _vimrc file: >
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244 source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim
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245
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246 Since CTRL-C is used to copy the text to the clipboard, it can't be used to
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247 cancel an operation. Use CTRL-Break for that.
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248
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249 CTRL-Z is used for undo. This means you can't suspend Vim with this key, use
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250 |:suspend| instead (if it's supported at all).
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251
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252 *CTRL-V-alternative* *CTRL-Q*
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253 Since CTRL-V is used to paste, you can't use it to start a blockwise Visual
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254 selection. You can use CTRL-Q instead. You can also use CTRL-Q in Insert
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255 mode and Command-line mode to get the old meaning of CTRL-V. But CTRL-Q
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256 doesn't work for terminals when it's used for control flow.
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257
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258 NOTE: The clipboard support still has a number of bugs. See |todo|.
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259
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260 ==============================================================================
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261 4. Shell Commands *gui-shell-win32*
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262
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263 Vim uses another window for external commands, to make it possible to run any
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264 command. The external command gets its own environment for running, just like
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265 it was started from a DOS prompt.
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266
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267 *win32-vimrun*
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268 Executing an external command is done indirectly by the "vimrun" command. The
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269 "vimrun.exe" must be in the path for this to work. Or it must be in the same
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270 directory as the Vim executable. If "vimrun" cannot be found, the command is
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271 executed directly, but then the DOS window closes immediately after the
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272 external command has finished.
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273 WARNING: If you close this window with the "X" button, and confirm the
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274 question if you really want to kill the application, Vim may be killed too!
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275 (This does not apply to commands run asynchronously with ":!start".)
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276
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277 In Windows 95, the window in which the commands are executed is always 25x80
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278 characters, to be as DOS compatible as possible (this matters!). The default
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236
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279 system font is used. On NT, the window will be the default you have set up for
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280 "Console" in Control Panel. On Win32s, the properties of the DOS box are
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281 determined by _default.pif in the windows directory.
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282
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283 *msdos-mode*
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284 If you get a dialog that says "This program is set to run in MS-DOS mode..."
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285 when you run an external program, you can solve this by changing the
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286 properties of the associated shortcut:
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287 - Use a Windows Explorer to find the command.com that is used. It can be
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288 c:\command.com, c:\dos\command.com, c:\windows\command.com, etc.
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289 - With the right mouse button, select properties of this command.com.
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290 - In the Program tab select "Advanced".
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291 - Unselect "MS-DOS mode".
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292 - Click "OK" twice.
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293
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294 *win32-!start*
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295 Normally, Vim waits for a command to complete before continuing (this makes
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296 sense for most shell commands which produce output for Vim to use). If you
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297 want Vim to start a program and return immediately, you can use the following
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298 syntax on W95 & NT: >
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299 :!start [/min] {command}
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300 The optional "/min" causes the window to be minimized.
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301
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302 On Win32s, you will have to go to another window instead. Don't forget that
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303 you must tell Windows 3.1x to keep executing a DOS command in the background
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304 while you switch back to Vim.
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305
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306 ==============================================================================
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307 5. Special colors *win32-colors*
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308
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309 On Win32, the normal DOS colors can be used. See |dos-colors|.
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310
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311 Additionally the system configured colors can also be used. These are known
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312 by the names Sys_XXX, where XXX is the appropriate system color name, from the
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313 following list (see the Win32 documentation for full descriptions). Case is
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236
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314 ignored. Note: On Win32s not all of these colors are supported.
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315
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316 Sys_3DDKShadow Sys_3DFace Sys_BTNFace
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317 Sys_3DHilight Sys_3DHighlight Sys_BTNHilight
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318 Sys_BTNHighlight Sys_3DLight Sys_3DShadow
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319 Sys_BTNShadow Sys_ActiveBorder Sys_ActiveCaption
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320 Sys_AppWorkspace Sys_Background Sys_Desktop
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321 Sys_BTNText Sys_CaptionText Sys_GrayText
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322 Sys_Highlight Sys_HighlightText Sys_InactiveBorder
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323 Sys_InactiveCaption Sys_InactiveCaptionText Sys_InfoBK
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324 Sys_InfoText Sys_Menu Sys_MenuText
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325 Sys_ScrollBar Sys_Window Sys_WindowFrame
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326 Sys_WindowText
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327
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328 Probably the most useful values are
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329 Sys_Window Normal window background
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330 Sys_WindowText Normal window text
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331 Sys_Highlight Highlighted background
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332 Sys_HighlightText Highlighted text
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333
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334 These extra colors are also available:
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335 Gray, Grey, LightYellow, SeaGreen, Orange, Purple, SlateBlue, Violet,
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336
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337 *rgb.txt*
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338 Additionally, colors defined by a "rgb.txt" file can be used. This file is
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339 well known from X11. A few lines from it: >
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340
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341 255 218 185 peach puff
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342 205 133 63 peru
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343 255 181 197 pink
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344
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345 This shows the layout of the file: First the R, G and B value as a decimal
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346 number, followed by the name of the color. The four fields are separated by
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347 spaces.
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348
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349 You can get an rgb.txt file from any X11 distribution. It is located in a
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350 directory like "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/". For Vim it must be located in the
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351 $VIMRUNTIME directory. Thus the file can be found with "$VIMRUNTIME/rgb.txt".
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352
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353 ==============================================================================
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354 *gui-w32-dialogs* *dialog*
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355 6. Windows dialogs & browsers
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356
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357 The Win32 GUI can use familiar Windows components for some operations, as well
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358 as the traditional interface shared with the console version.
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359
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360
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361 6.1 Dialogs
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362
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363 The dialogs displayed by the "confirm" family (i.e. the 'confirm' option,
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364 |:confirm| command and |confirm()| function) are GUI-based rather than the
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365 console-based ones used by other versions. The 'c' flag in 'guioptions'
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366 changes this.
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367
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368
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369 6.2 File Browsers
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370
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371 When prepending ":browse" before file editing commands, a file requester is
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372 used to allow you to select an existing file. See |:browse|.
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373
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374
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375 6.3 Tearoff Menus
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376
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377 The Win32 GUI emulates Motif's tear-off menus. At the top of each menu you
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378 will see a small graphic "rip here" sign. Selecting it will cause a floating
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379 window to be created with the same menu entries on it. The floating menu can
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380 then be accessed just as if it was the original (including sub-menus), but
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381 without having to go to the menu bar each time.
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382 This is most useful if you find yourself using a command buried in a sub-menu
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383 over and over again.
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384 The tearoff menus can be positioned where you like, and always stay just above
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385 the Main Vim window. You can get rid of them by closing them as usual; they
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386 also of course close when you exit Vim.
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387
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388 *:tearoff* *:te*
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389 :te[aroff] {name} Tear-off the menu {name}. The menu named must have at
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390 least one subentry, but need not appear on the
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391 menu-bar (see |win32-hidden-menus|).
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392
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393 Example: >
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394 :tearoff File
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395 will make the "File" menu (if there is one) appear as a tearoff menu. >
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396
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397 :amenu ]Toolbar.Make :make<CR>
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398 :tearoff ]Toolbar
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399 This creates a floating menu that doesn't exist on the main menu-bar.
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400
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401 Note that a menu that starts with ']' will not be displayed.
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402
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403 ==============================================================================
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404 7. Command line arguments *gui-w32-cmdargs*
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405
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406 Analysis of a command line into parameters is not standardised in MS Windows.
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407 Gvim has to provide logic to analyse a command line. This logic is likely to
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408 be different from the default logic provided by a compilation system used to
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409 build vim. The differences relate to unusual double quote (") usage.
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410 The arguments "C:\My Music\freude.txt" and "+/Sch\"iller" are handled in the
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411 same way. The argument "+/Sch""iller" may be handled different by gvim and
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412 vim, depending what it was compiled with.
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413
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414 The rules are:
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415 a) A parameter is a sequence of graphic characters.
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416 b) Parameters are separated by white space.
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417 c) A parameter can be enclosed in double quotes to include white space.
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418 d) A sequence of zero or more backslashes (\) and a double quote (")
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236
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419 is special. The effective number of backslashes is halved, rounded
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420 down. An even number of backslashes reverses the acceptability of
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421 spaces and tabs, an odd number of backslashes produces a literal
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422 double quote.
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423
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424 So:
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425 " is a special double quote
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426 \" is a literal double quote
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427 \\" is a literal backslash and a special double quote
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428 \\\" is a literal backslash and a literal double quote
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429 \\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a special double quote
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430 \\\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a literal double quote
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431 etc.
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432
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433 Example: >
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434 gvim "C:\My Music\freude" +"set ignorecase" +/"\"foo\\" +\"bar\\\"
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435
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436 opens "C:\My Music\freude" and executes the line mode commands: >
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437 set ignorecase; /"foo\ and /bar\"
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438
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439 ==============================================================================
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440 8. Various *gui-w32-various*
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441
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442 *gui-w32-printing*
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443 The "File/Print" menu prints the text with syntax highlighting, see
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444 |:hardcopy|. If you just want to print the raw text and have a default
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445 printer installed this should also work: >
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446 :w >>prn
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447
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236
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448 Vim supports a number of standard MS Windows features. Some of these are
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449 detailed elsewhere: see |'mouse'|, |win32-hidden-menus|.
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450
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451 *drag-n-drop-win32*
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452 You can drag and drop one or more files into the Vim window, where they will
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453 be opened as normal. See |drag-n-drop|.
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454
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6476
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455 *:simalt* *:sim*
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7
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456 :sim[alt] {key} simulate pressing {key} while holding Alt pressed.
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457 {not in Vi} {only for Win32 versions}
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6476
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458 Note: ":si" means ":s" with the "i" flag.
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7
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459
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460 Normally, Vim takes control of all Alt-<Key> combinations, to increase the
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236
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461 number of possible mappings. This clashes with the standard use of Alt as the
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462 key for accessing menus.
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463 The quick way of getting standard behavior is to set the 'winaltkeys' option
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464 to "yes". This however prevents you from mapping Alt keys at all.
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465 Another way is to set 'winaltkeys' to "menu". Menu shortcut keys are then
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466 handled by windows, other ALT keys can be mapped. This doesn't allow a
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467 dependency on the current state though.
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468 To get round this, the :simalt command allows Vim (when 'winaltkeys' is not
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236
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469 "yes") to fake a Windows-style Alt keypress. You can use this to map Alt key
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7
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470 combinations (or anything else for that matter) to produce standard Windows
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236
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471 actions. Here are some examples: >
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7
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472
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473 :map <M-f> :simalt f<CR>
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474 This makes Alt-F pop down the 'File' menu (with the stock Menu.vim) by
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475 simulating the keystrokes Alt, F. >
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476 :map <M-Space> :simalt ~<CR>
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236
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477 This maps Alt-Space to pop down the system menu for the Vim window. Note that
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7
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478 ~ is used by simalt to represent the <Space> character. >
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479 :map <C-n> :simalt ~n<CR>
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236
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480 Maps Control-N to produce the keys Alt-Space followed by N. This minimizes the
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7
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481 Vim window via the system menu.
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482
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1121
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483 Note that the key changes depending on the language you are using.
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484
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7
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485 *intellimouse-wheel-problems*
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486 When using the Intellimouse mouse wheel causes Vim to stop accepting input, go
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487 to:
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488 ControlPanel - Mouse - Wheel - UniversalScrolling - Exceptions
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489
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490 And add gvim to the list of applications. This problem only appears to happen
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491 with the Intellimouse driver 2.2 and when "Universal Scrolling" is turned on.
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492
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3750
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493
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494 XPM support *w32-xpm-support*
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495
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496 Gvim can be build on MS-Windows with support for XPM files. |+xpm_w32|
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497 See the Make_mvc.mak file for instructions, search for XPM.
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498
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499 To try out if XPM support works do this: >
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|
|
500 :help
|
|
|
501 :exe 'sign define vimxpm icon=' . $VIMRUNTIME . '\\vim16x16.xpm'
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|
502 :exe 'sign place 1 line=1 name=vimxpm file=' . expand('%:p')
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503 <
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504
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7
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505 vim:tw=78:sw=4:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
