Mercurial > vim
annotate runtime/doc/vi_diff.txt @ 19875:06af496b8c4a
Added tag v8.2.0493 for changeset f92435f0f44978a4a3e490f4bd3f511dec6073a9
| author | Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 01 Apr 2020 22:15:05 +0200 |
| parents | 9b7f90e56753 |
| children | 47bfe07e06a3 |
| rev | line source |
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1 *vi_diff.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2019 Dec 17 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 3 | |
| 4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 Differences between Vim and Vi *vi-differences* | |
| 8 | |
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9 This file lists the differences between Vim and Vi/Ex and gives an overview of |
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10 what is in Vim that is not in Vi. |
| 7 | 11 |
| 12 Vim is mostly POSIX 1003.2-1 compliant. The only command known to be missing | |
| 13 is ":open". There are probably a lot of small differences (either because Vim | |
| 14 is missing something or because Posix is beside the mark). | |
| 15 | |
| 166 | 16 1. Simulated command |simulated-command| |
| 7 | 17 2. Missing options |missing-options| |
| 18 3. Limits |limits| | |
| 19 4. The most interesting additions |vim-additions| | |
| 20 5. Other vim features |other-features| | |
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21 6. Supported Vi features |vi-features| |
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22 7. Command-line arguments |cmdline-arguments| |
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23 8. POSIX compliance |posix-compliance| |
| 7 | 24 |
| 25 ============================================================================== | |
| 166 | 26 1. Simulated command *simulated-command* |
| 27 | |
| 1118 | 28 This command is in Vi, but Vim only simulates it: |
| 166 | 29 |
| 30 *:o* *:op* *:open* | |
| 31 :[range]o[pen] Works like |:visual|: end Ex mode. | |
| 32 {Vi: start editing in open mode} | |
| 7 | 33 |
| 166 | 34 :[range]o[pen] /pattern/ As above, additionally move the cursor to the |
| 35 column where "pattern" matches in the cursor | |
| 36 line. | |
| 7 | 37 |
| 166 | 38 Vim does not support open mode, since it's not really useful. For those |
| 39 situations where ":open" would start open mode Vim will leave Ex mode, which | |
| 40 allows executing the same commands, but updates the whole screen instead of | |
| 41 only one line. | |
| 7 | 42 |
| 43 ============================================================================== | |
| 44 2. Missing options *missing-options* | |
| 45 | |
| 46 These options are in the Unix Vi, but not in Vim. If you try to set one of | |
| 47 them you won't get an error message, but the value is not used and cannot be | |
| 48 printed. | |
| 49 | |
| 50 autoprint (ap) boolean (default on) *'autoprint'* *'ap'* | |
| 51 beautify (bf) boolean (default off) *'beautify'* *'bf'* | |
| 52 flash (fl) boolean (default ??) *'flash'* *'fl'* | |
| 53 graphic (gr) boolean (default off) *'graphic'* *'gr'* | |
| 54 hardtabs (ht) number (default 8) *'hardtabs'* *'ht'* | |
| 55 number of spaces that a <Tab> moves on the display | |
| 56 mesg boolean (default on) *'mesg'* | |
| 57 novice boolean (default off) *'novice'* | |
| 58 open boolean (default on) *'open'* | |
| 59 optimize (op) boolean (default off) *'optimize'* *'op'* | |
| 60 redraw boolean (default off) *'redraw'* | |
| 61 slowopen (slow) boolean (default off) *'slowopen'* *'slow'* | |
| 62 sourceany boolean (default off) *'sourceany'* | |
| 63 w300 number (default 23) *'w300'* | |
| 64 w1200 number (default 23) *'w1200'* | |
| 65 w9600 number (default 23) *'w9600'* | |
| 66 | |
| 18343 | 67 Vi did not allow for changing the termcap entries, you would have to exit Vi, |
| 68 edit the termcap entry and try again. Vim has the |terminal-options|. | |
| 69 | |
| 7 | 70 ============================================================================== |
| 71 3. Limits *limits* | |
| 72 | |
| 73 Vim has only a few limits for the files that can be edited {Vi: can not handle | |
| 74 <Nul> characters and characters above 128, has limited line length, many other | |
| 75 limits}. | |
| 76 *E340* | |
| 18972 | 77 Maximum line length 2147483647 characters. Longer lines are split. |
| 7 | 78 Maximum number of lines 2147483647 lines. |
| 79 Maximum file size 2147483647 bytes (2 Gbyte) when a long integer is | |
| 80 32 bits. Much more for 64 bit longs. Also limited | |
| 81 by available disk space for the |swap-file|. | |
| 82 *E75* | |
| 83 Length of a file path Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256 | |
| 84 characters (or as much as the system supports). | |
| 85 Length of an expanded string option | |
| 86 Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256 | |
| 87 characters | |
| 88 Maximum display width Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 255 | |
| 89 characters | |
| 90 Maximum lhs of a mapping 50 characters. | |
| 625 | 91 Number of different highlighting types: over 30000 |
| 3082 | 92 Range of a Number variable: -2147483648 to 2147483647 (might be more on 64 |
| 93 bit systems) | |
| 2596 | 94 Maximum length of a line in a tags file: 512 bytes. |
| 7 | 95 |
| 96 Information for undo and text in registers is kept in memory, thus when making | |
| 97 (big) changes the amount of (virtual) memory available limits the number of | |
| 98 undo levels and the text that can be kept in registers. Other things are also | |
| 99 kept in memory: Command-line history, error messages for Quickfix mode, etc. | |
| 100 | |
| 101 Memory usage limits | |
| 102 ------------------- | |
| 103 | |
| 104 The option 'maxmem' ('mm') is used to set the maximum memory used for one | |
| 105 buffer (in kilobytes). 'maxmemtot' is used to set the maximum memory used for | |
| 106 all buffers (in kilobytes). The defaults depend on the system used. For the | |
| 18972 | 107 Amiga, 'maxmemtot' is set depending on the amount of memory available. |
| 827 | 108 These are not hard limits, but tell Vim when to move text into a swap file. |
| 109 If you don't like Vim to swap to a file, set 'maxmem' and 'maxmemtot' to a | |
| 110 very large value. The swap file will then only be used for recovery. If you | |
| 111 don't want a swap file at all, set 'updatecount' to 0, or use the "-n" | |
| 112 argument when starting Vim. | |
| 7 | 113 |
| 114 ============================================================================== | |
| 115 4. The most interesting additions *vim-additions* | |
| 116 | |
| 117 Vi compatibility. |'compatible'| | |
| 118 Although Vim is 99% Vi compatible, some things in Vi can be | |
| 119 considered to be a bug, or at least need improvement. But still, Vim | |
| 120 starts in a mode which behaves like the "real" Vi as much as possible. | |
| 121 To make Vim behave a little bit better, try resetting the 'compatible' | |
| 122 option: | |
| 123 :set nocompatible | |
| 124 Or start Vim with the "-N" argument: | |
| 125 vim -N | |
| 827 | 126 Vim starts with 'nocompatible' automatically if you have a .vimrc |
| 127 file. See |startup|. | |
| 7 | 128 The 'cpoptions' option can be used to set Vi compatibility on/off for |
| 129 a number of specific items. | |
| 130 | |
| 131 Support for different systems. | |
| 132 Vim can be used on: | |
| 133 - All Unix systems (it works on all systems it was tested on, although | |
| 134 the GUI and Perl interface may not work everywhere). | |
| 135 - Amiga (500, 1000, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000, ...). | |
| 19116 | 136 - MS-Windows |
| 7 | 137 - VMS |
| 138 - BeOS | |
| 139 - Macintosh | |
| 140 - IBM OS/390 | |
| 827 | 141 Note that on some systems features need to be disabled to reduce |
| 18972 | 142 resource usage. For some outdated systems you need to use an older |
| 143 Vim version. | |
| 7 | 144 |
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145 Multi level persistent undo. |undo| |
| 7 | 146 'u' goes backward in time, 'CTRL-R' goes forward again. Set option |
| 147 'undolevels' to the number of changes to be remembered (default 1000). | |
| 5340 | 148 Set 'undolevels' to 0 for a Vi-compatible one level undo. Set it to |
| 7 | 149 -1 for no undo at all. |
| 150 When all changes in a buffer have been undone, the buffer is not | |
| 151 considered changed anymore. You can exit it with :q, without <!>. | |
| 827 | 152 When undoing a few changes and then making a new change Vim will |
| 153 create a branch in the undo tree. This means you can go back to any | |
| 1186 | 154 state of the text, there is no risk of a change causing text to be |
| 827 | 155 lost forever. |undo-tree| |
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156 The undo information is stored in a file when the 'undofile' option is |
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157 set. This means you can exit Vim, start Vim on a previously edited |
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158 file and undo changes that were made before exiting Vim. |
| 7 | 159 |
| 827 | 160 Graphical User Interface (GUI). |gui| |
| 7 | 161 Included support for GUI: menu's, mouse, scrollbars, etc. You can |
| 162 define your own menus. Better support for CTRL/SHIFT/ALT keys in | |
| 163 combination with special keys and mouse. Supported for various | |
| 164 platforms, such as X11 (with Motif and Athena interfaces), GTK, Win32 | |
| 165 (Windows 95 and later), BeOS, Amiga and Macintosh. | |
| 166 | |
| 167 Multiple windows and buffers. |windows.txt| | |
| 168 Vim can split the screen into several windows, each editing a | |
| 169 different buffer or the same buffer at a different location. Buffers | |
| 170 can still be loaded (and changed) but not displayed in a window. This | |
| 171 is called a hidden buffer. Many commands and options have been added | |
| 172 for this facility. | |
| 827 | 173 Vim can also use multiple tab pages, each with one or more windows. A |
| 174 line with tab labels can be used to quickly switch between these pages. | |
| 175 |tab-page| | |
| 7 | 176 |
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177 Terminal window. |:terminal| |
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178 Vim can create a window in which a terminal emulator runs. This can |
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179 be used to execute an arbitrary command, a shell or a debugger. |
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180 |
| 7 | 181 Syntax highlighting. |:syntax| |
| 182 Vim can highlight keywords, patterns and other things. This is | |
| 827 | 183 defined by a number of |:syntax| commands, and can be made to |
| 7 | 184 highlight most languages and file types. A number of files are |
| 185 included for highlighting the most common languages, like C, C++, | |
| 186 Java, Pascal, Makefiles, shell scripts, etc. The colors used for | |
| 187 highlighting can be defined for ordinary terminals, color terminals | |
| 827 | 188 and the GUI with the |:highlight| command. A convenient way to do |
| 189 this is using a |:colorscheme| command. | |
| 190 The highlighted text can be exported as HTML. |convert-to-HTML| | |
| 191 Other items that can be highlighted are matches with the search string | |
| 192 |'hlsearch'|, matching parens |matchparen| and the cursor line and | |
| 193 column |'cursorline'| |'cursorcolumn'|. | |
| 7 | 194 |
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195 Text properties |textprop.txt| |
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196 Vim supports highlighting text by a plugin. Property types can be |
| 16808 | 197 specified with |prop_type_add()| and properties can be placed with |
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198 |prop_add()|. |
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199 |
| 827 | 200 Spell checking. |spell| |
| 201 When the 'spell' option is set Vim will highlight spelling mistakes. | |
| 3750 | 202 About 50 languages are currently supported, selected with the |
| 1618 | 203 'spelllang' option. In source code only comments and strings are |
| 827 | 204 checked for spelling. |
| 205 | |
| 206 Folding. |folding| | |
| 7 | 207 A range of lines can be shown as one "folded" line. This allows |
| 208 overviewing a file and moving blocks of text around quickly. | |
| 209 Folds can be created manually, from the syntax of the file, by indent, | |
| 210 etc. | |
| 211 | |
| 827 | 212 Diff mode. |diff| |
| 213 Vim can show two versions of a file with the differences highlighted. | |
| 214 Parts of the text that are equal are folded away. Commands can be | |
| 215 used to move text from one version to the other. | |
| 216 | |
| 217 Plugins. |add-plugin| | |
| 7 | 218 The functionality can be extended by dropping a plugin file in the |
| 219 right directory. That's an easy way to start using Vim scripts | |
| 220 written by others. Plugins can be for all kind of files, or | |
| 221 specifically for a filetype. | |
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222 Packages make this even easier. |packages| |
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223 |
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224 Asynchronous communication and timers. |channel| |job| |timer| |
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225 Vim can exchange messages with other processes in the background. |
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226 This makes it possible to have servers do work and send back the |
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227 results to Vim. |channel| |
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228 Vim can start a job, communicate with it and stop it. |job| |
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229 Timers can fire once or repeatedly and invoke a function to do any |
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230 work. |timer| |
| 7 | 231 |
| 232 Repeat a series of commands. |q| | |
| 827 | 233 "q{c}" starts recording typed characters into named register {c}. |
| 234 A subsequent "q" stops recording. The register can then be executed | |
| 235 with the "@{c}" command. This is very useful to repeat a complex | |
| 236 action. | |
| 7 | 237 |
| 238 Flexible insert mode. |ins-special-special| | |
| 239 The arrow keys can be used in insert mode to move around in the file. | |
| 240 This breaks the insert in two parts as far as undo and redo is | |
| 241 concerned. | |
| 242 | |
| 827 | 243 CTRL-O can be used to execute a single Normal mode command. This is |
| 244 almost the same as hitting <Esc>, typing the command and doing |a|. | |
| 7 | 245 |
| 246 Visual mode. |Visual-mode| | |
| 827 | 247 Visual mode can be used to first highlight a piece of text and then |
| 248 give a command to do something with it. This is an (easy to use) | |
| 249 alternative to first giving the operator and then moving to the end of | |
| 250 the text to be operated upon. | |
| 251 |v| and |V| are used to start Visual mode. |v| works on characters | |
| 252 and |V| on lines. Move the cursor to extend the Visual area. It is | |
| 253 shown highlighted on the screen. By typing "o" the other end of the | |
| 254 Visual area can be moved. The Visual area can be affected by an | |
| 255 operator: | |
| 7 | 256 d delete |
| 257 c change | |
| 258 y yank | |
| 259 > or < insert or delete indent | |
| 260 ! filter through external program | |
| 261 = filter through indent | |
| 827 | 262 : start |:| command for the Visual lines. |
| 7 | 263 gq format text to 'textwidth' columns |
| 264 J join lines | |
| 265 ~ swap case | |
| 266 u make lowercase | |
| 267 U make uppercase | |
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268 {Vi has no Visual mode, the name "visual" is used for Normal mode, to |
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269 distinguish it from Ex mode} |
| 7 | 270 |
| 271 Block operators. |visual-block| | |
| 827 | 272 With Visual mode a rectangular block of text can be selected. Start |
| 273 Visual mode with CTRL-V. The block can be deleted ("d"), yanked ("y") | |
| 274 or its case can be changed ("~", "u" and "U"). A deleted or yanked | |
| 275 block can be put into the text with the "p" and "P" commands. | |
| 7 | 276 |
| 827 | 277 Help system. |:help| |
| 7 | 278 Help is displayed in a window. The usual commands can be used to |
| 279 move around, search for a string, etc. Tags can be used to jump | |
| 827 | 280 around in the help files, just like hypertext links. The |:help| |
| 7 | 281 command takes an argument to quickly jump to the info on a subject. |
| 282 <F1> is the quick access to the help system. The name of the help | |
| 283 index file can be set with the 'helpfile' option. | |
| 284 | |
| 285 Command-line editing and history. |cmdline-editing| | |
| 286 You can insert or delete at any place in the command-line using the | |
| 287 cursor keys. The right/left cursor keys can be used to move | |
| 288 forward/backward one character. The shifted right/left cursor keys | |
| 289 can be used to move forward/backward one word. CTRL-B/CTRL-E can be | |
| 290 used to go to the begin/end of the command-line. | |
| 16610 | 291 {Vi: can only alter the last character in the line} |
| 292 {Vi: when hitting <Esc> the command-line is executed. This is | |
| 293 unexpected for most people; therefore it was changed in Vim. But when | |
| 294 the <Esc> is part of a mapping, the command-line is executed. If you | |
| 295 want the Vi behaviour also when typing <Esc>, use ":cmap ^V<Esc> | |
| 296 ^V^M"} | |
| 7 | 297 |cmdline-history| |
| 298 The command-lines are remembered. The up/down cursor keys can be used | |
| 299 to recall previous command-lines. The 'history' option can be set to | |
| 300 the number of lines that will be remembered. There is a separate | |
| 301 history for commands and for search patterns. | |
| 302 | |
| 303 Command-line completion. |cmdline-completion| | |
| 304 While entering a command-line (on the bottom line of the screen) | |
| 305 <Tab> can be typed to complete | |
| 306 what example ~ | |
| 307 - command :e<Tab> | |
| 308 - tag :ta scr<Tab> | |
| 309 - option :set sc<Tab> | |
| 310 - option value :set hf=<Tab> | |
| 311 - file name :e ve<Tab> | |
| 312 - etc. | |
| 313 | |
| 314 If there are multiple matches, CTRL-N (next) and CTRL-P (previous) | |
| 315 will walk through the matches. <Tab> works like CTRL-N, but wraps | |
| 316 around to the first match. | |
| 317 | |
| 318 The 'wildchar' option can be set to the character for command-line | |
| 319 completion, <Tab> is the default. CTRL-D can be typed after an | |
| 320 (incomplete) wildcard; all matches will be listed. CTRL-A will insert | |
| 321 all matches. CTRL-L will insert the longest common part of the | |
| 322 matches. | |
| 323 | |
| 827 | 324 Insert-mode completion. |ins-completion| |
| 325 In Insert mode the CTRL-N and CTRL-P keys can be used to complete a | |
| 326 word that appears elsewhere. |i_CTRL-N| | |
| 7 | 327 With CTRL-X another mode is entered, through which completion can be |
| 328 done for: | |
| 329 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F| file names | |
| 330 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K| words from 'dictionary' files | |
| 331 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T| words from 'thesaurus' files | |
| 332 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I| words from included files | |
| 333 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L| whole lines | |
| 334 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]| words from the tags file | |
| 335 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D| definitions or macros | |
| 827 | 336 |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O| Omni completion: clever completion |
| 337 specifically for a file type | |
| 338 etc. | |
| 7 | 339 |
| 827 | 340 Long line support. |'wrap'| |'linebreak'| |
| 7 | 341 If the 'wrap' option is off, long lines will not wrap and only part |
| 342 of them will be shown. When the cursor is moved to a part that is not | |
| 343 shown, the screen will scroll horizontally. The minimum number of | |
| 827 | 344 columns to scroll can be set with the 'sidescroll' option. The |zh| |
| 345 and |zl| commands can be used to scroll sideways. | |
| 7 | 346 Alternatively, long lines are broken in between words when the |
| 347 'linebreak' option is set. This allows editing a single-line | |
| 348 paragraph conveniently (e.g. when the text is later read into a DTP | |
| 827 | 349 program). Move the cursor up/down with the |gk| and |gj| commands. |
| 7 | 350 |
| 351 Text formatting. |formatting| | |
| 352 The 'textwidth' option can be used to automatically limit the line | |
| 353 length. This supplements the 'wrapmargin' option of Vi, which was not | |
| 827 | 354 very useful. The |gq| operator can be used to format a piece of text |
| 355 (for example, |gqap| formats the current paragraph). Commands for | |
| 356 text alignment: |:center|, |:left| and |:right|. | |
| 7 | 357 |
| 827 | 358 Extended search patterns. |pattern| |
| 7 | 359 There are many extra items to match various text items. Examples: |
| 360 A "\n" can be used in a search pattern to match a line break. | |
| 361 "x\{2,4}" matches "x" 2 to 4 times. | |
| 362 "\s" matches a white space character. | |
| 363 | |
| 827 | 364 Directory, remote and archive browsing. |netrw| |
| 365 Vim can browse the file system. Simply edit a directory. Move around | |
| 366 in the list with the usual commands and press <Enter> to go to the | |
| 367 directory or file under the cursor. | |
| 368 This also works for remote files over ftp, http, ssh, etc. | |
| 369 Zip and tar archives can also be browsed. |tar| |zip| | |
| 370 | |
| 7 | 371 Edit-compile-edit speedup. |quickfix| |
| 827 | 372 The |:make| command can be used to run the compilation and jump to the |
| 373 first error. A file with compiler error messages is interpreted. Vim | |
| 374 jumps to the first error. | |
| 7 | 375 |
| 376 Each line in the error file is scanned for the name of a file, line | |
| 377 number and error message. The 'errorformat' option can be set to a | |
| 378 list of scanf-like strings to handle output from many compilers. | |
| 379 | |
| 827 | 380 The |:cn| command can be used to jump to the next error. |
| 381 |:cl| lists all the error messages. Other commands are available. | |
| 7 | 382 The 'makeef' option has the name of the file with error messages. |
| 383 The 'makeprg' option contains the name of the program to be executed | |
| 827 | 384 with the |:make| command. |
| 7 | 385 The 'shellpipe' option contains the string to be used to put the |
| 386 output of the compiler into the errorfile. | |
| 387 | |
| 827 | 388 Finding matches in files. |:vimgrep| |
| 389 Vim can search for a pattern in multiple files. This uses the | |
| 390 advanced Vim regexp pattern, works on all systems and also works to | |
| 391 search in compressed files. | |
| 392 | |
| 393 Improved indenting for programs. |'cindent'| | |
| 7 | 394 When the 'cindent' option is on the indent of each line is |
| 395 automatically adjusted. C syntax is mostly recognized. The indent | |
| 396 for various styles can be set with 'cinoptions'. The keys to trigger | |
| 397 indenting can be set with 'cinkeys'. | |
| 398 | |
| 399 Comments can be automatically formatted. The 'comments' option can be | |
| 400 set to the characters that start and end a comment. This works best | |
| 401 for C code, but also works for e-mail (">" at start of the line) and | |
| 827 | 402 other types of text. The |=| operator can be used to re-indent |
| 7 | 403 lines. |
| 404 | |
| 827 | 405 For many other languages an indent plugin is present to support |
| 406 automatic indenting. |30.3| | |
| 407 | |
| 408 Searching for words in included files. |include-search| | |
| 409 The |[i| command can be used to search for a match of the word under | |
| 7 | 410 the cursor in the current and included files. The 'include' option |
| 1668 | 411 can be set to a pattern that describes a command to include a file |
| 7 | 412 (the default is for C programs). |
| 827 | 413 The |[I| command lists all matches, the |[_CTRL-I| command jumps to |
| 7 | 414 a match. |
| 827 | 415 The |[d|, |[D| and |[_CTRL-D| commands do the same, but only for |
| 7 | 416 lines where the pattern given with the 'define' option matches. |
| 417 | |
| 827 | 418 Automatic commands. |autocommand| |
| 7 | 419 Commands can be automatically executed when reading a file, writing a |
| 420 file, jumping to another buffer, etc., depending on the file name. | |
| 421 This is useful to set options and mappings for C programs, | |
| 422 documentation, plain text, e-mail, etc. This also makes it possible | |
| 423 to edit compressed files. | |
| 424 | |
| 827 | 425 Scripts and Expressions. |expression| |
| 426 Commands have been added to form up a powerful script language. | |
| 7 | 427 |:if| Conditional execution, which can be used for example |
| 428 to set options depending on the value of $TERM. | |
| 429 |:while| Repeat a number of commands. | |
| 827 | 430 |:for| Loop over a list. |
| 7 | 431 |:echo| Print the result of an expression. |
| 432 |:let| Assign a value to an internal variable, option, etc. | |
| 827 | 433 Variable types are Number, String, List and Dictionary. |
| 7 | 434 |:execute| Execute a command formed by an expression. |
| 827 | 435 |:try| Catch exceptions. |
| 436 etc., etc. See |eval|. | |
| 437 Debugging and profiling are supported. |debug-scripts| |profile| | |
| 438 If this is not enough, an interface is provided to |Python|, |Ruby|, | |
|
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439 |Tcl|, |Lua|, |Perl| and |MzScheme|. |
| 7 | 440 |
| 827 | 441 Viminfo. |viminfo-file| |
| 7 | 442 The command-line history, marks and registers can be stored in a file |
| 443 that is read on startup. This can be used to repeat a search command | |
| 444 or command-line command after exiting and restarting Vim. It is also | |
| 827 | 445 possible to jump right back to where the last edit stopped with |'0|. |
| 7 | 446 The 'viminfo' option can be set to select which items to store in the |
| 447 .viminfo file. This is off by default. | |
| 448 | |
| 827 | 449 Printing. |printing| |
| 450 The |:hardcopy| command sends text to the printer. This can include | |
| 451 syntax highlighting. | |
| 452 | |
| 453 Mouse support. |mouse-using| | |
| 7 | 454 The mouse is supported in the GUI version, in an xterm for Unix, for |
| 18972 | 455 BSDs with sysmouse, for Linux with gpm, and Win32. It can be used to |
| 456 position the cursor, select the visual area, paste a register, etc. | |
| 7 | 457 |
| 827 | 458 Usage of key names. |<>| |key-notation| |
| 7 | 459 Special keys now all have a name like <Up>, <End>, etc. |
| 460 This name can be used in mappings, to make it easy to edit them. | |
| 461 | |
| 827 | 462 Editing binary files. |edit-binary| |
| 7 | 463 Vim can edit binary files. You can change a few characters in an |
| 464 executable file, without corrupting it. Vim doesn't remove NUL | |
| 465 characters (they are represented as <NL> internally). | |
| 466 |-b| command-line argument to start editing a binary file | |
| 827 | 467 |'binary'| Option set by |-b|. Prevents adding an <EOL> for the |
| 7 | 468 last line in the file. |
| 469 | |
| 827 | 470 Multi-language support. |multi-lang| |
| 7 | 471 Files in double-byte or multi-byte encodings can be edited. There is |
| 472 UTF-8 support to be able to edit various languages at the same time, | |
| 473 without switching fonts. |UTF-8| | |
| 474 Messages and menus are available in different languages. | |
| 475 | |
| 827 | 476 Move cursor beyond lines. |
| 477 When the 'virtualedit' option is set the cursor can move all over the | |
| 478 screen, also where there is no text. This is useful to edit tables | |
| 479 and figures easily. | |
| 480 | |
| 7 | 481 ============================================================================== |
| 482 5. Other vim features *other-features* | |
| 483 | |
| 484 A random collection of nice extra features. | |
| 485 | |
| 486 | |
| 487 When Vim is started with "-s scriptfile", the characters read from | |
| 488 "scriptfile" are treated as if you typed them. If end of file is reached | |
| 489 before the editor exits, further characters are read from the console. | |
| 490 | |
| 491 The "-w" option can be used to record all typed characters in a script file. | |
| 492 This file can then be used to redo the editing, possibly on another file or | |
| 493 after changing some commands in the script file. | |
| 494 | |
| 495 The "-o" option opens a window for each argument. "-o4" opens four windows. | |
| 496 | |
| 497 Vi requires several termcap entries to be able to work full-screen. Vim only | |
| 498 requires the "cm" entry (cursor motion). | |
| 499 | |
| 500 | |
| 501 In command mode: | |
| 502 | |
| 503 When the 'showcmd' option is set, the command characters are shown in the last | |
| 504 line of the screen. They are removed when the command is finished. | |
| 505 | |
| 506 If the 'ruler' option is set, the current cursor position is shown in the | |
| 507 last line of the screen. | |
| 508 | |
| 509 "U" still works after having moved off the last changed line and after "u". | |
| 510 | |
| 511 Characters with the 8th bit set are displayed. The characters between '~' and | |
| 512 0xa0 are displayed as "~?", "~@", "~A", etc., unless they are included in the | |
| 513 'isprint' option. | |
| 514 | |
| 515 "][" goes to the next ending of a C function ('}' in column 1). | |
| 516 "[]" goes to the previous ending of a C function ('}' in column 1). | |
| 517 | |
| 518 "]f", "[f" and "gf" start editing the file whose name is under the cursor. | |
| 519 CTRL-W f splits the window and starts editing the file whose name is under | |
| 520 the cursor. | |
| 521 | |
| 522 "*" searches forward for the identifier under the cursor, "#" backward. | |
| 523 "K" runs the program defined by the 'keywordprg' option, with the identifier | |
| 524 under the cursor as argument. | |
| 525 | |
| 526 "%" can be preceded with a count. The cursor jumps to the line that | |
| 527 percentage down in the file. The normal "%" function to jump to the matching | |
| 528 brace skips braces inside quotes. | |
| 529 | |
| 530 With the CTRL-] command, the cursor may be in the middle of the identifier. | |
| 531 | |
| 532 The used tags are remembered. Commands that can be used with the tag stack | |
| 533 are CTRL-T, ":pop" and ":tag". ":tags" lists the tag stack. | |
| 534 | |
|
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535 Vi uses 'wrapscan' when searching for a tag. When jumping to a tag Vi starts |
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536 searching in line 2 of another file. It does not find a tag in line 1 of |
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537 another file when 'wrapscan' is not set. |
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538 |
| 7 | 539 The 'tags' option can be set to a list of tag file names. Thus multiple |
| 540 tag files can be used. For file names that start with "./", the "./" is | |
| 541 replaced with the path of the current file. This makes it possible to use a | |
| 542 tags file in the same directory as the file being edited. | |
| 16610 | 543 {Vi: always uses binary search in some versions} |
| 544 {Vi does not have the security prevention for commands in tag files} | |
| 7 | 545 |
| 546 Previously used file names are remembered in the alternate file name list. | |
| 547 CTRL-^ accepts a count, which is an index in this list. | |
| 548 ":files" command shows the list of alternate file names. | |
| 549 "#<N>" is replaced with the <N>th alternate file name in the list. | |
| 550 "#<" is replaced with the current file name without extension. | |
| 551 | |
| 552 Search patterns have more features. The <NL> character is seen as part of the | |
| 553 search pattern and the substitute string of ":s". Vi sees it as the end of | |
| 554 the command. | |
| 555 | |
| 556 Searches can put the cursor on the end of a match and may include a character | |
| 557 offset. | |
| 558 | |
| 559 Count added to "~", ":next", ":Next", "n" and "N". | |
| 560 | |
| 561 The command ":next!" with 'autowrite' set does not write the file. In vi the | |
| 562 file was written, but this is considered to be a bug, because one does not | |
| 563 expect it and the file is not written with ":rewind!". | |
| 564 | |
| 565 In Vi when entering a <CR> in replace mode deletes a character only when 'ai' | |
| 566 is set (but does not show it until you hit <Esc>). Vim always deletes a | |
| 567 character (and shows it immediately). | |
| 568 | |
| 569 Added :wnext command. Same as ":write" followed by ":next". | |
| 570 | |
| 571 The ":w!" command always writes, also when the file is write protected. In Vi | |
| 5690 | 572 you would have to do ":!chmod +w %:S" and ":set noro". |
| 7 | 573 |
| 574 When 'tildeop' has been set, "~" is an operator (must be followed by a | |
| 575 movement command). | |
| 576 | |
| 577 With the "J" (join) command you can reset the 'joinspaces' option to have only | |
| 578 one space after a period (Vi inserts two spaces). | |
| 579 | |
| 580 "cw" can be used to change white space formed by several characters (Vi is | |
| 581 confusing: "cw" only changes one space, while "dw" deletes all white space). | |
| 16610 | 582 {Vi: "cw" when on a blank followed by other blanks changes only the first |
| 583 blank; this is probably a bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks} | |
| 7 | 584 |
| 585 "o" and "O" accept a count for repeating the insert (Vi clears a part of | |
| 586 display). | |
| 587 | |
| 588 Flags after Ex commands not supported (no plans to include it). | |
| 589 | |
| 590 On non-UNIX systems ":cd" command shows current directory instead of going to | |
| 591 the home directory (there isn't one). ":pwd" prints the current directory on | |
| 592 all systems. | |
| 593 | |
| 594 After a ":cd" command the file names (in the argument list, opened files) | |
| 595 still point to the same files. In Vi ":cd" is not allowed in a changed file; | |
| 596 otherwise the meaning of file names change. | |
| 597 | |
| 598 ":source!" command reads Vi commands from a file. | |
| 599 | |
| 600 ":mkexrc" command writes current modified options and mappings to a ".exrc" | |
| 601 file. ":mkvimrc" writes to a ".vimrc" file. | |
| 602 | |
| 603 No check for "tail recursion" with mappings. This allows things like | |
| 604 ":map! foo ^]foo". | |
| 605 | |
| 606 When a mapping starts with number, vi loses the count typed before it (e.g. | |
| 607 when using the mapping ":map g 4G" the command "7g" goes to line 4). This is | |
| 608 considered a vi bug. Vim concatenates the counts (in the example it becomes | |
| 609 "74G"), as most people would expect. | |
| 610 | |
| 611 The :put! command inserts the contents of a register above the current line. | |
| 612 | |
| 613 The "p" and "P" commands of vi cannot be repeated with "." when the putted | |
| 614 text is less than a line. In Vim they can always be repeated. | |
| 615 | |
| 616 ":noremap" command can be used to enter a mapping that will not be remapped. | |
| 617 This is useful to exchange the meaning of two keys. ":cmap", ":cunmap" and | |
| 618 ":cnoremap" can be used for mapping in command-line editing only. ":imap", | |
| 619 ":iunmap" and ":inoremap" can be used for mapping in insert mode only. | |
| 620 Similar commands exist for abbreviations: ":noreabbrev", ":iabbrev" | |
| 621 ":cabbrev", ":iunabbrev", ":cunabbrev", ":inoreabbrev", ":cnoreabbrev". | |
| 622 | |
| 623 In Vi the command ":map foo bar" would remove a previous mapping | |
| 624 ":map bug foo". This is considered a bug, so it is not included in Vim. | |
| 625 ":unmap! foo" does remove ":map! bug foo", because unmapping would be very | |
| 626 difficult otherwise (this is vi compatible). | |
| 627 | |
| 628 The ':' register contains the last command-line. | |
| 629 The '%' register contains the current file name. | |
| 630 The '.' register contains the last inserted text. | |
| 631 | |
| 632 ":dis" command shows the contents of the yank registers. | |
| 633 | |
| 634 CTRL-O/CTRL-I can be used to jump to older/newer positions. These are the | |
| 635 same positions as used with the '' command, but may be in another file. The | |
| 636 ":jumps" command lists the older positions. | |
| 637 | |
| 638 If the 'shiftround' option is set, an indent is rounded to a multiple of | |
| 639 'shiftwidth' with ">" and "<" commands. | |
| 640 | |
| 641 The 'scrolljump' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to scroll | |
| 642 when the cursor gets off the screen. Use this when scrolling is slow. | |
| 643 | |
| 644 The 'scrolloff' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to keep | |
| 645 above and below the cursor. This gives some context to where you are | |
| 646 editing. When set to a large number the cursor line is always in the middle | |
| 647 of the window. | |
| 648 | |
| 649 Uppercase marks can be used to jump between files. The ":marks" command lists | |
| 650 all currently set marks. The commands "']" and "`]" jump to the end of the | |
| 651 previous operator or end of the text inserted with the put command. "'[" and | |
| 16610 | 652 "`[" do jump to the start. {Vi: no uppercase marks} |
| 7 | 653 |
| 654 The 'shelltype' option can be set to reflect the type of shell used on the | |
| 655 Amiga. | |
| 656 | |
| 657 The 'highlight' option can be set for the highlight mode to be used for | |
| 658 several commands. | |
| 659 | |
| 660 The CTRL-A (add) and CTRL-X (subtract) commands are new. The count to the | |
| 661 command (default 1) is added to/subtracted from the number at or after the | |
| 662 cursor. That number may be decimal, octal (starts with a '0') or hexadecimal | |
| 663 (starts with '0x'). Very useful in macros. | |
| 664 | |
| 665 With the :set command the prefix "inv" can be used to invert boolean options. | |
| 666 | |
| 667 In both Vi and Vim you can create a line break with the ":substitute" command | |
| 668 by using a CTRL-M. For Vi this means you cannot insert a real CTRL-M in the | |
| 669 text. With Vim you can put a real CTRL-M in the text by preceding it with a | |
| 670 CTRL-V. | |
| 671 | |
| 672 | |
| 673 In Insert mode: | |
| 674 | |
| 675 If the 'revins' option is set, insert happens backwards. This is for typing | |
| 676 Hebrew. When inserting normal characters the cursor will not be shifted and | |
| 677 the text moves rightwards. Backspace, CTRL-W and CTRL-U will also work in | |
| 678 the opposite direction. CTRL-B toggles the 'revins' option. In replace mode | |
| 679 'revins' has no effect. Only when enabled at compile time. | |
| 680 | |
| 681 The backspace key can be used just like CTRL-D to remove auto-indents. | |
| 682 | |
| 683 You can backspace, CTRL-U and CTRL-W over line breaks if the 'backspace' (bs) | |
| 684 option includes "eol". You can backspace over the start of insert if the | |
| 685 'backspace' option includes "start". | |
| 686 | |
| 3750 | 687 When the 'paste' option is set, a few options are reset and mapping in insert |
| 7 | 688 mode and abbreviation are disabled. This allows for pasting text in windowing |
| 689 systems without unexpected results. When the 'paste' option is reset, the old | |
| 690 option values are restored. | |
| 691 | |
| 692 CTRL-T/CTRL-D always insert/delete an indent in the current line, no matter | |
| 693 what column the cursor is in. | |
| 694 | |
| 695 CTRL-@ (insert previously inserted text) works always (Vi: only when typed as | |
| 696 first character). | |
| 697 | |
| 698 CTRL-A works like CTRL-@ but does not leave insert mode. | |
| 699 | |
| 18186 | 700 CTRL-R {register} can be used to insert the contents of a register. |
| 7 | 701 |
| 702 When the 'smartindent' option is set, C programs will be better auto-indented. | |
| 703 With 'cindent' even more. | |
| 704 | |
| 705 CTRL-Y and CTRL-E can be used to copy a character from above/below the | |
| 706 current cursor position. | |
| 707 | |
| 708 After CTRL-V you can enter a three digit decimal number. This byte value is | |
| 709 inserted in the text as a single character. Useful for international | |
| 710 characters that are not on your keyboard. | |
| 711 | |
| 712 When the 'expandtab' (et) option is set, a <Tab> is expanded to the | |
| 713 appropriate number of spaces. | |
| 714 | |
| 715 The window always reflects the contents of the buffer (Vi does not do this | |
| 716 when changing text and in some other cases). | |
| 717 | |
| 718 If Vim is compiled with DIGRAPHS defined, digraphs are supported. A set of | |
| 719 normal digraphs is included. They are shown with the ":digraph" command. | |
| 720 More can be added with ":digraph {char1}{char2} {number}". A digraph is | |
| 721 entered with "CTRL-K {char1} {char2}" or "{char1} BS {char2}" (only when | |
| 722 'digraph' option is set). | |
| 723 | |
| 724 When repeating an insert, e.g. "10atest <Esc>" vi would only handle wrapmargin | |
| 725 for the first insert. Vim does it for all. | |
| 726 | |
| 727 A count to the "i" or "a" command is used for all the text. Vi uses the count | |
| 728 only for one line. "3iabc<NL>def<Esc>" would insert "abcabcabc<NL>def" in Vi | |
| 729 but "abc<NL>defabc<NL>defabc<NL>def" in Vim. | |
| 730 | |
| 731 | |
| 732 In Command-line mode: | |
| 733 | |
| 235 | 734 <Esc> terminates the command-line without executing it. In vi the command |
| 7 | 735 line would be executed, which is not what most people expect (hitting <Esc> |
| 736 should always get you back to command mode). To avoid problems with some | |
| 737 obscure macros, an <Esc> in a macro will execute the command. If you want a | |
| 738 typed <Esc> to execute the command like vi does you can fix this with | |
| 739 ":cmap ^V<Esc> ^V<CR>" | |
| 740 | |
| 741 General: | |
| 742 | |
| 743 The 'ttimeout' option is like 'timeout', but only works for cursor and | |
| 744 function keys, not for ordinary mapped characters. The 'timeoutlen' option | |
| 745 gives the number of milliseconds that is waited for. If the 'esckeys' option | |
| 746 is not set, cursor and function keys that start with <Esc> are not recognized | |
| 747 in insert mode. | |
| 748 | |
| 749 There is an option for each terminal string. Can be used when termcap is not | |
| 750 supported or to change individual strings. | |
| 751 | |
| 752 The 'fileformat' option can be set to select the <EOL>: "dos" <CR><NL>, "unix" | |
| 753 <NL> or "mac" <CR>. | |
| 754 When the 'fileformats' option is not empty, Vim tries to detect the type of | |
| 755 <EOL> automatically. The 'fileformat' option is set accordingly. | |
| 756 | |
| 757 On systems that have no job control (older Unix systems and non-Unix systems) | |
| 758 the CTRL-Z, ":stop" or ":suspend" command starts a new shell. | |
| 759 | |
| 760 If Vim is started on the Amiga without an interactive window for output, a | |
| 761 window is opened (and :sh still works). You can give a device to use for | |
| 762 editing with the |-d| argument, e.g. "-d con:20/20/600/150". | |
| 763 | |
| 764 The 'columns' and 'lines' options are used to set or get the width and height | |
| 765 of the display. | |
| 766 | |
| 767 Option settings are read from the first and last few lines of the file. | |
| 768 Option 'modelines' determines how many lines are tried (default is 5). Note | |
| 769 that this is different from the Vi versions that can execute any Ex command | |
| 770 in a modeline (a major security problem). |trojan-horse| | |
| 771 | |
| 772 If the 'insertmode' option is set (e.g. in .exrc), Vim starts in insert mode. | |
| 773 And it comes back there, when pressing <Esc>. | |
| 774 | |
| 775 Undo information is kept in memory. Available memory limits the number and | |
| 18972 | 776 size of change that can be undone. This is hardly a problem on the Amiga and |
| 777 almost never with Unix and Win32. | |
| 7 | 778 |
| 779 If the 'backup' or 'writebackup' option is set: Before a file is overwritten, | |
| 780 a backup file (.bak) is made. If the "backup" option is set it is left | |
| 781 behind. | |
| 782 | |
| 783 Vim creates a file ending in ".swp" to store parts of the file that have been | |
| 784 changed or that do not fit in memory. This file can be used to recover from | |
| 785 an aborted editing session with "vim -r file". Using the swap file can be | |
| 786 switched off by setting the 'updatecount' option to 0 or starting Vim with | |
| 787 the "-n" option. Use the 'directory' option for placing the .swp file | |
| 788 somewhere else. | |
| 789 | |
| 790 Vim is able to work correctly on filesystems with 8.3 file names, also when | |
| 791 using messydos or crossdos filesystems on the Amiga, or any 8.3 mounted | |
| 792 filesystem under Unix. See |'shortname'|. | |
| 793 | |
| 794 Error messages are shown at least one second (Vi overwrites error messages). | |
| 795 | |
| 796 If Vim gives the |hit-enter| prompt, you can hit any key. Characters other | |
| 16610 | 797 than <CR>, <NL> and <Space> are interpreted as the (start of) a command. |
| 798 {Vi: only ":" commands are interpreted} | |
| 7 | 799 |
| 800 The contents of the numbered and unnamed registers is remembered when | |
| 801 changing files. | |
| 802 | |
| 803 The "No lines in buffer" message is a normal message instead of an error | |
| 804 message, since that may cause a mapping to be aborted. | |
| 16610 | 805 {Vi: error messages may be overwritten with other messages before you have a |
| 806 chance to read them} | |
| 7 | 807 |
| 808 The AUX: device of the Amiga is supported. | |
| 809 | |
| 810 ============================================================================== | |
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811 6. Supported Vi features *vi-features* |
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812 |
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813 Vim supports nearly all Vi commands and mostly in the same way. That is when |
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814 the 'compatible' option is set and 'cpoptions' contains all flags. What the |
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815 effect is of resetting 'compatible' and removing flags from 'cpoptions' can be |
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816 found at the help for the specific command. |
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817 |
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818 The help files used to mark features that are in Vim but not in Vi with {not |
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819 in Vi}. However, since these remarks cluttered the help files we now do it |
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820 the other way around: Below is listed what Vi already supported. Anything |
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821 else has been added by Vim. |
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822 |
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823 |
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824 The following Ex commands are supported by Vi: ~ |
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825 |
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826 `:abbreviate` enter abbreviation |
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827 `:append` append text |
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828 `:args` print the argument list |
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829 `:cd` change directory; Vi: no "cd -" |
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830 `:change` replace a line or series of lines |
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831 `:chdir` change directory |
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832 `:copy` copy lines |
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833 `:delete` delete lines |
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834 `:edit` edit a file |
| 16610 | 835 `:exit` same as `:xit` |
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836 `:file` show or set the current file name; Vi: without the column number |
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837 `:global` execute commands for matching lines |
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838 `:insert` insert text |
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839 `:join` join lines; Vi: not :join! |
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840 `:k` set a mark |
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841 `:list` print lines |
| 16610 | 842 `:map` show or enter a mapping |
|
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843 `:mark` set a mark |
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844 `:move` move lines |
| 16610 | 845 `:Next` go to previous file in the argument list {Vi: no count} |
| 846 `:next` go to next file in the argument list {Vi: no count} | |
|
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847 `:number` print lines with line number |
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848 `:open` start open mode (not implemented in Vim) |
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849 `:pop` jump to older entry in tag stack (only in some versions) |
| 16610 | 850 `:preserve` write all text to swap file {Vi: might also exit} |
| 851 `:previous` same as `:Next` {Vi: only in some versions} | |
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852 `:print` print lines |
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853 `:put` insert contents of register in the text |
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854 `:quit` quit Vi |
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855 `:read` read file into the text |
| 16610 | 856 `:recover` recover a file from a swap file {Vi: recovers in another way |
| 857 and sends mail if there is something to recover} | |
| 858 `:rewind` go to the first file in the argument list; no ++opt | |
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859 `:set` set option; but not `:set inv{option}`, `:set option&`, |
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860 `:set all&`, `:set option+=value`, `:set option^=value` |
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861 `:set option-=value` `:set option<` |
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862 `:shell` escape to a shell |
| 16808 | 863 `:source` read Vi or Ex commands from a file |
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864 `:stop` suspend the editor or escape to a shell |
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865 `:substitute` find and replace text; Vi: no '&', 'i', 's', 'r' or 'I' flag, |
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866 confirm prompt only supports 'y' and 'n', no highlighting |
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867 `:suspend` same as ":stop" |
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868 `:t` same as ":copy" |
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869 `:tag` jump to tag |
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870 `:unabbreviate` remove abbreviation |
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871 `:undo` undo last change {Vi: only one level} |
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872 `:unmap` remove mapping |
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873 `:vglobal` execute commands for not matching lines |
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874 `:version` print version number and other info |
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875 `:visual` same as ":edit", but turns off "Ex" mode |
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876 `:wq` write to a file and quit Vi |
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877 `:write` write to a file |
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878 `:xit` write if buffer changed and quit Vi |
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879 `:yank` yank lines into a register |
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880 `:z` print some lines {not in all versions of Vi} |
| 16610 | 881 `:!` filter lines or execute an external command |
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882 `:"` comment |
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883 `:#` same as ":number" |
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884 `:*` execute contents of a register |
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885 `:&` repeat last ":substitute" |
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886 `:<` shift lines one 'shiftwidth' left |
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887 `:=` print the cursor line number |
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888 `:>` shift lines one 'shiftwidth' right |
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889 `:@` execute contents of a register; but not `:@`; `:@@` only in |
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890 some versions |
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891 |
| 16610 | 892 Common for these commands is that Vi doesn't support the ++opt argument on |
| 893 `:edit` and other commands that open a file. | |
| 894 | |
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895 |
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896 The following Normal mode commands are supported by Vi: ~ |
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897 |
| 16808 | 898 note: See the beginning of |normal-index| for the meaning of WORD, N, Nmove |
| 899 and etc in the description text. | |
| 900 | |
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901 |CTRL-B| scroll N screens Backwards |
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902 |CTRL-C| interrupt current (search) command |
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903 |CTRL-D| scroll Down N lines (default: half a screen); Vim scrolls |
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904 'scroll' screen lines, Vi scrolls file lines; makes a |
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905 difference when lines wrap |
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906 |CTRL-E| scroll N lines upwards (N lines Extra) |
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907 |CTRL-F| scroll N screens Forward |
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908 |CTRL-G| display current file name and position |
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909 |<BS>| same as "h" |
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910 |CTRL-H| same as "h" |
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911 |<NL>| same as "j" |
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912 |CTRL-J| same as "j" |
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913 |CTRL-L| redraw screen |
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914 |<CR>| cursor to the first CHAR N lines lower |
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915 |CTRL-M| same as <CR> |
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916 |CTRL-N| same as "j" |
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917 |CTRL-P| same as "k" |
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918 |CTRL-R| in some Vi versions: same as CTRL-L |
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919 |CTRL-T| jump to N older Tag in tag list |
| 16808 | 920 |CTRL-U| N lines Upwards (default: half a screen) {Vi used file lines |
| 921 while Vim scrolls 'scroll' screen lines; makes a difference | |
| 922 when lines wrap} | |
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923 |CTRL-Y| scroll N lines downwards |
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924 |CTRL-Z| suspend program (or start new shell) |
| 16610 | 925 |CTRL-]| :ta to ident under cursor {Vi: identifier after the cursor} |
| 926 |CTRL-^| edit alternate file {Vi: no count} | |
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927 |<Space>| same as "l" |
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928 |!| filter Nmove text through the {filter} command |
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929 |!!| filter N lines through the {filter} command |
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930 " use register {a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} for next delete, yank or put |
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931 (uppercase to append) ({.%#:} only work with put) |
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932 |$| cursor to the end of Nth next line |
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933 |%| find the next (curly/square) bracket on this line and go to |
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934 its match, or go to matching comment bracket, or go to |
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935 matching preprocessor directive (Vi: no count supported) |
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936 |&| repeat last :s |
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937 |'| jump to mark (Vi: only lowercase marks) |
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938 |(| cursor N sentences backward |
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939 |)| cursor N sentences forward |
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940 |+| same as <CR> |
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941 |,| repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction N times |
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942 |-| cursor to the first CHAR N lines higher |
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943 |.| repeat last change with count replaced with N |
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944 |/| search forward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern} |
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945 |0| cursor to the first char of the line |
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946 |:| start entering an Ex command |
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947 |;| repeat latest f, t, F or T N times |
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948 |<| shift Nmove lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards |
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949 |<<| shift N lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards |
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950 |=| filter Nmove lines through "indent" |
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951 |==| filter N lines through "indent" |
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952 |>| shift Nmove lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards |
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953 |>>| shift N lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards |
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954 |?| search backward for the Nth previous occurrence of {pattern} |
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955 |@| execute the contents of register {a-z} N times |
| 16610 | 956 {Vi: only named registers} |
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957 |@@| repeat the previous @{a-z} N times |
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958 |A| append text after the end of the line N times |
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959 |B| cursor N WORDS backward |
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960 |C| change from the cursor position to the end of the line |
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961 |D| delete the characters under the cursor until the end of the |
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962 line and N-1 more lines [into register x]; synonym for "d$" |
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963 |E| cursor forward to the end of WORD N |
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964 |F| cursor to the Nth occurrence of {char} to the left |
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965 |G| cursor to line N, default last line |
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966 |H| cursor to line N from top of screen |
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967 |I| insert text before the first CHAR on the line N times |
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968 |J| Join N lines; default is 2 |
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969 |L| cursor to line N from bottom of screen |
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970 |M| cursor to middle line of screen |
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971 |N| repeat the latest '/' or '?' N times in opposite direction |
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972 |O| begin a new line above the cursor and insert text, repeat N |
| 16610 | 973 times {Vi: blank [count] screen lines} |
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974 |P| put the text [from register x] before the cursor N times |
| 16610 | 975 {Vi: no count} |
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976 |Q| switch to "Ex" mode |
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977 |R| enter replace mode: overtype existing characters, repeat the |
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978 entered text N-1 times |
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979 |S| delete N lines [into register x] and start insert; synonym for |
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980 "cc". |
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981 |T| cursor till after Nth occurrence of {char} to the left |
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982 |U| undo all latest changes on one line |
| 16610 | 983 {Vi: while not moved off of the last modified line} |
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984 |W| cursor N WORDS forward |
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985 |X| delete N characters before the cursor [into register x] |
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986 |Y| yank N lines [into register x]; synonym for "yy" |
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987 |ZZ| store current file if modified, and exit |
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988 |[[| cursor N sections backward |
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989 |]]| cursor N sections forward |
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990 |^| cursor to the first CHAR of the line |
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991 |_| cursor to the first CHAR N - 1 lines lower |
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992 |`| cursor to the mark {a-zA-Z0-9} |
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993 |a| append text after the cursor N times |
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994 |b| cursor N words backward |
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995 |c| delete Nmove text [into register x] and start insert |
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996 |cc| delete N lines [into register x] and start insert |
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997 |d| delete Nmove text [into register x] |
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998 |dd| delete N lines [into register x] |
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999 |e| cursor forward to the end of word N |
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1000 |f| cursor to Nth occurrence of {char} to the right |
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1001 |h| cursor N chars to the left |
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1002 |i| insert text before the cursor N times |
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1003 |j| cursor N lines downward |
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1004 |k| cursor N lines upward |
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1005 |l| cursor N chars to the right |
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1006 |m| set mark {A-Za-z} at cursor position |
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1007 |n| repeat the latest '/' or '?' N times |
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1008 |o| begin a new line below the cursor and insert text |
| 16610 | 1009 {Vi: blank [count] screen lines} |
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1010 |p| put the text [from register x] after the cursor N times |
| 16610 | 1011 {Vi: no count} |
| 1012 |r| replace N chars with {char} {Vi: CTRL-V <CR> still replaces | |
| 1013 with a line break, cannot replace something with a <CR>} | |
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1014 |s| (substitute) delete N characters [into register x] and start |
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1015 insert |
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1016 |t| cursor till before Nth occurrence of {char} to the right |
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1017 |u| undo changes {Vi: only one level} |
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1018 |w| cursor N words forward |
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1019 |x| delete N characters under and after the cursor [into register |
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1020 x] |
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1021 |y| yank Nmove text [into register x] |
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1022 |yy| yank N lines [into register x] |
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1023 |z<CR>| current line to the top |
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1024 |z-| current line to the bottom |
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1025 |z+| cursor on line N |
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1026 |z^| cursor on line N |
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1027 |{| cursor N paragraphs backward |
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1028 | cursor to column N |
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1029 |}| cursor N paragraphs forward |
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1030 |~| switch case of N characters under the cursor; Vim: depends on |
| 16610 | 1031 'tildeop' {Vi: no count, no 'tildeop'} |
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1032 |<Del>| same as "x" |
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1033 |
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1034 |
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1035 The following commands are supported in Insert mode by Vi: ~ |
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1036 |
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1037 CTRL-@ insert previously inserted text and stop insert |
| 16610 | 1038 {Vi: only when typed as first char, only up to 128 chars} |
|
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1039 CTRL-C quit insert mode, without checking for abbreviation, unless |
|
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1040 'insertmode' set. |
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1041 CTRL-D delete one shiftwidth of indent in the current line |
| 16610 | 1042 {Vi: CTRL-D works only when used after autoindent} |
| 1043 <BS> delete character before the cursor {Vi: does not delete | |
| 1044 autoindents, does not cross lines, does not delete past start | |
| 1045 position of insert} | |
|
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1046 CTRL-H same as <BS> |
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1047 <Tab> insert a <Tab> character |
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1048 CTRL-I same as <Tab> |
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1049 <NL> same as <CR> |
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1050 CTRL-J same as <CR> |
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1051 <CR> begin new line |
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1052 CTRL-M same as <CR> |
| 16610 | 1053 CTRL-T insert one shiftwidth of indent in current line {Vi: only when |
| 1054 in indent} | |
| 1055 CTRL-V {char} insert next non-digit literally {Vi: no decimal byte entry} | |
|
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1056 CTRL-W delete word before the cursor |
| 16808 | 1057 CTRL-Z when 'insertmode' set: suspend Vi |
|
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1058 <Esc> end insert mode (unless 'insertmode' set) |
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1059 CTRL-[ same as <Esc> |
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1060 0 CTRL-D delete all indent in the current line |
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1061 ^ CTRL-D delete all indent in the current line, restore it in the next |
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1062 line |
|
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1063 <Del> delete character under the cursor |
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1064 |
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1065 |
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1066 The following options are supported by Vi: ~ |
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1067 |
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1068 'autoindent' 'ai' take indent for new line from previous line |
| 16610 | 1069 {Vi does this slightly differently: After the |
| 1070 indent is deleted when typing <Esc> or <CR>, the | |
| 1071 cursor position when moving up or down is after | |
| 1072 the deleted indent; Vi puts the cursor somewhere | |
| 1073 in the deleted indent}. | |
|
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1074 'autowrite' 'aw' automatically write file if changed |
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1075 'directory' 'dir' list of directory names for the swap file |
| 16610 | 1076 {Vi: directory to put temp file in, defaults to |
| 1077 "/tmp"} | |
|
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1078 'edcompatible' 'ed' toggle flags of ":substitute" command |
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1079 'errorbells' 'eb' ring the bell for error messages |
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1080 'ignorecase' 'ic' ignore case in search patterns |
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1081 'lines' number of lines in the display |
| 16610 | 1082 'lisp' automatic indenting for Lisp {Vi: Does it a little |
| 1083 bit differently} | |
|
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1084 'list' show <Tab> and <EOL> |
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1085 'magic' changes special characters in search patterns |
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1086 'modeline' 'ml' recognize 'modelines' at start or end of file |
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1087 {called modelines in some Vi versions} |
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1088 'number' 'nu' print the line number in front of each line |
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1089 'paragraphs' 'para' nroff macros that separate paragraphs |
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1090 'prompt' 'prompt' enable prompt in Ex mode |
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1091 'readonly' 'ro' disallow writing the buffer {Vim sets 'readonly' |
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1092 when editing a file with `:view`} |
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1093 'remap' allow mappings to work recursively |
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1094 'report' threshold for reporting nr. of lines changed |
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1095 'scroll' 'scr' lines to scroll with CTRL-U and CTRL-D |
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1096 'sections' 'sect' nroff macros that separate sections |
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1097 'shell' 'sh' name of shell to use for external commands |
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1098 'shiftwidth' 'sw' number of spaces to use for (auto)indent step |
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1099 'showmatch' 'sm' briefly jump to matching bracket if insert one |
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1100 'showmode' 'smd' message on status line to show current mode |
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1101 'tabstop' 'ts' number of spaces that <Tab> in file uses |
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1102 'taglength' 'tl' number of significant characters for a tag |
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1103 'tags' 'tag' list of file names used by the tag command |
| 16610 | 1104 {Vi: default is "tags /usr/lib/tags"} |
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1105 'tagstack' 'tgst' push tags onto the tag stack {not in all versions |
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1106 of Vi} |
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1107 'term' name of the terminal |
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1108 'terse' shorten some messages |
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1109 'timeout' 'to' time out on mappings and key codes |
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1110 'timeoutlen' 'tm' time for 'timeout' {only in some Vi versions} |
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1111 'ttytype' 'tty' alias for 'term' |
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1112 'verbose' 'vbs' give informative messages {only in some Vi |
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1113 versions as a boolean option} |
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1114 'warn' warn for shell command when buffer was changed |
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1115 'window' 'wi' nr of lines to scroll for CTRL-F and CTRL-B |
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1116 {Vi also uses the option to specify the number of |
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1117 displayed lines} |
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1118 'wrapmargin' 'wm' chars from the right where wrapping starts |
| 16610 | 1119 {Vi: works differently and less usefully} |
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1120 'wrapscan' 'ws' searches wrap around the end of the file |
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1121 'writeany' 'wa' write to file with no need for "!" override |
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1122 |
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1123 Also see |missing-options|. |
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1124 |
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1125 ============================================================================== |
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1126 7. Command-line arguments *cmdline-arguments* |
| 7 | 1127 |
| 1128 Different versions of Vi have different command-line arguments. This can be | |
| 1129 confusing. To help you, this section gives an overview of the differences. | |
| 1130 | |
| 1131 Five variants of Vi will be considered here: | |
| 1132 Elvis Elvis version 2.1b | |
| 1133 Nvi Nvi version 1.79 | |
| 1134 Posix Posix 1003.2 | |
| 1135 Vi Vi version 3.7 (for Sun 4.1.x) | |
| 1136 Vile Vile version 7.4 (incomplete) | |
| 1137 Vim Vim version 5.2 | |
| 1138 | |
| 1139 Only Vim is able to accept options in between and after the file names. | |
| 1140 | |
| 1141 +{command} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Same as "-c {command}". | |
| 1142 | |
| 1143 - Nvi, Posix, Vi: Run Ex in batch mode. | |
| 1144 Vim: Read file from stdin (use -s for batch mode). | |
| 1145 | |
| 1146 -- Vim: End of options, only file names are following. | |
| 1147 | |
| 1148 --cmd {command} Vim: execute {command} before sourcing vimrc files. | |
| 1149 | |
| 1150 --echo-wid Vim: GTK+ echoes the Window ID on stdout | |
| 1151 | |
| 1152 --help Vim: show help message and exit. | |
| 1153 | |
| 1154 --literal Vim: take file names literally, don't expand wildcards. | |
| 1155 | |
| 1156 --nofork Vim: same as |-f| | |
| 1157 | |
| 1158 --noplugin[s] Vim: Skip loading plugins. | |
| 1159 | |
| 1160 --remote Vim: edit the files in another Vim server | |
| 1161 | |
| 1162 --remote-expr {expr} Vim: evaluate {expr} in another Vim server | |
| 1163 | |
| 1164 --remote-send {keys} Vim: send {keys} to a Vim server and exit | |
| 1165 | |
| 1166 --remote-silent {file} Vim: edit the files in another Vim server if possible | |
| 1167 | |
| 1168 --remote-wait Vim: edit the files in another Vim server and wait for it | |
| 1169 | |
| 1170 --remote-wait-silent Vim: like --remote-wait, no complaints if not possible | |
| 1171 | |
| 1172 --role {role} Vim: GTK+ 2: set role of main window | |
| 1173 | |
| 1174 --serverlist Vim: Output a list of Vim servers and exit | |
| 1175 | |
| 1176 --servername {name} Vim: Specify Vim server name | |
| 1177 | |
| 1178 --socketid {id} Vim: GTK window socket to run Vim in | |
| 1179 | |
| 1376 | 1180 --windowid {id} Vim: Win32 window ID to run Vim in |
| 1181 | |
| 7 | 1182 --version Vim: show version message and exit. |
| 1183 | |
| 1184 -? Vile: print usage summary and exit. | |
| 1185 | |
| 1186 -a Elvis: Load all specified file names into a window (use -o for | |
| 1187 Vim). | |
| 1188 | |
| 1189 -A Vim: Start in Arabic mode (when compiled with Arabic). | |
| 1190 | |
| 1191 -b {blksize} Elvis: Use {blksize} blocksize for the session file. | |
| 1192 -b Vim: set 'binary' mode. | |
| 1193 | |
| 1194 -C Vim: Compatible mode. | |
| 1195 | |
| 1196 -c {command} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vim: run {command} as an Ex command after | |
| 1197 loading the edit buffer. | |
| 1198 Vim: allow up to 10 "-c" arguments | |
| 1199 | |
| 1200 -d {device} Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only). {only when compiled | |
| 1201 without the |+diff| feature} | |
| 1202 -d Vim: start with 'diff' set. |vimdiff| | |
| 1203 | |
| 1204 -dev {device} Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only). | |
| 1205 | |
| 1206 -D Vim: debug mode. | |
| 1207 | |
| 1208 -e Elvis, Nvi, Vim: Start in Ex mode, as if the executable is | |
| 1209 called "ex". | |
| 1210 | |
| 1211 -E Vim: Start in improved Ex mode |gQ|, like "exim". | |
| 1212 | |
| 1213 -f Vim: Run GUI in foreground (Amiga: don't open new window). | |
| 1214 -f {session} Elvis: Use {session} as the session file. | |
| 1215 | |
| 1216 -F Vim: Start in Farsi mode (when compiled with Farsi). | |
| 1217 Nvi: Fast start, don't read the entire file when editing | |
| 1218 starts. | |
| 1219 | |
| 1220 -G {gui} Elvis: Use the {gui} as user interface. | |
| 1221 | |
| 1222 -g Vim: Start GUI. | |
| 1223 -g N Vile: start editing at line N | |
| 1224 | |
| 1225 -h Vim: Give help message. | |
| 1226 Vile: edit the help file | |
| 1227 | |
| 1228 -H Vim: start Hebrew mode (when compiled with it). | |
| 1229 | |
| 1230 -i Elvis: Start each window in Insert mode. | |
| 1231 -i {viminfo} Vim: Use {viminfo} for viminfo file. | |
| 1232 | |
|
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changeset
|
1233 -L Vim: Same as "-r" {only in some versions of Vi: "List |
|
0e473e9e70c2
patch 8.1.1280: remarks about functionality not in Vi clutters the help
Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
parents:
16443
diff
changeset
|
1234 recoverable edit sessions"}. |
| 7 | 1235 |
| 1236 -l Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options. | |
| 1237 | |
| 1238 -m Vim: Modifications not allowed to be written, resets 'write' | |
| 1239 option. | |
| 1240 | |
| 1241 -M Vim: Modifications not allowed, resets 'modifiable' and the | |
| 1242 'write' option. | |
| 1243 | |
| 1244 -N Vim: No-compatible mode. | |
| 1245 | |
| 1246 -n Vim: No swap file used. | |
| 1247 | |
| 1248 -nb[args] Vim: open a NetBeans interface connection | |
| 1249 | |
| 1250 -O[N] Vim: Like -o, but use vertically split windows. | |
| 1251 | |
| 1252 -o[N] Vim: Open [N] windows, or one for each file. | |
| 1253 | |
| 827 | 1254 -p[N] Vim: Open [N] tab pages, or one for each file. |
| 1255 | |
| 7 | 1256 -P {parent-title} Win32 Vim: open Vim inside a parent application window |
| 1257 | |
| 1258 -q {name} Vim: Use {name} for quickfix error file. | |
| 1259 -q{name} Vim: Idem. | |
| 1260 | |
| 1261 -R Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vile, Vim: Set the 'readonly' option. | |
| 1262 | |
| 1263 -r Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Recovery mode. | |
| 1264 | |
| 1265 -S Nvi: Set 'secure' option. | |
| 1266 -S {script} Vim: source script after starting up. | |
| 1267 | |
| 1268 -s Nvi, Posix, Vim: Same as "-" (silent mode), when in Ex mode. | |
| 1269 Elvis: Sets the 'safer' option. | |
| 1270 -s {scriptin} Vim: Read from script file {scriptin}; only when not in Ex | |
| 1271 mode. | |
| 1272 -s {pattern} Vile: search for {pattern} | |
| 1273 | |
| 1274 -t {tag} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Edit the file containing {tag}. | |
| 1275 -t{tag} Vim: Idem. | |
| 1276 | |
| 1277 -T {term} Vim: Set terminal name to {term}. | |
| 1278 | |
| 1279 -u {vimrc} Vim: Read initializations from {vimrc} file. | |
| 1280 | |
| 1281 -U {gvimrc} Vim: Read GUI initializations from {gvimrc} file. | |
| 1282 | |
| 1283 -v Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Begin in Normal mode (visual mode, in Vi | |
| 1284 terms). | |
| 1285 Vile: View mode, no changes possible. | |
| 1286 | |
| 1287 -V Elvis, Vim: Verbose mode. | |
| 1288 -V{nr} Vim: Verbose mode with specified level. | |
| 1289 | |
| 1290 -w {size} Elvis, Posix, Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set value of 'window' to {size}. | |
| 1291 -w{size} Nvi, Vi: Same as "-w {size}". | |
| 1292 -w {name} Vim: Write to script file {name} (must start with non-digit). | |
| 1293 | |
| 1294 -W {name} Vim: Append to script file {name}. | |
| 1295 | |
| 1296 -x Vi, Vim: Ask for encryption key. See |encryption|. | |
| 1297 | |
| 1298 -X Vim: Don't connect to the X server. | |
| 1299 | |
| 1300 -y Vim: Start in easy mode, like |evim|. | |
| 1301 | |
| 1302 -Z Vim: restricted mode | |
| 1303 | |
| 1304 @{cmdfile} Vile: use {cmdfile} as startup file. | |
| 1305 | |
| 160 | 1306 ============================================================================== |
|
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14519
diff
changeset
|
1307 8. POSIX compliance *posix* *posix-compliance* |
| 160 | 1308 |
| 1118 | 1309 In 2005 the POSIX test suite was run to check the compatibility of Vim. Most |
| 164 | 1310 of the test was executed properly. There are the few things where Vim |
| 166 | 1311 is not POSIX compliant, even when run in Vi compatibility mode. |
|
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diff
changeset
|
1312 *$VIM_POSIX* |
| 164 | 1313 Set the $VIM_POSIX environment variable to have 'cpoptions' include the POSIX |
| 1314 flags when Vim starts up. This makes Vim run as POSIX as it can. That's | |
| 166 | 1315 a bit different from being Vi compatible. |
| 164 | 1316 |
| 18615 | 1317 You can find the Posix specification for Vi here: |
| 1318 https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/vi.html | |
| 1319 And the related Ex specification: | |
| 1320 https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/ex.html | |
| 1321 | |
| 164 | 1322 This is where Vim does not behave as POSIX specifies and why: |
| 1323 | |
| 160 | 1324 *posix-screen-size* |
| 164 | 1325 The $COLUMNS and $LINES environment variables are ignored by Vim if |
| 1326 the size can be obtained from the terminal in a more reliable way. | |
| 1327 Add the '|' flag to 'cpoptions' to have $COLUMNS and $LINES overrule | |
| 1328 sizes obtained in another way. | |
| 160 | 1329 |
| 164 | 1330 The "{" and "}" commands don't stop at a "{" in the original Vi, but |
| 1331 POSIX specifies it does. Add the '{' flag to 'cpoptions' if you want | |
| 1332 it the POSIX way. | |
| 1333 | |
| 1334 The "D", "o" and "O" commands accept a count. Also when repeated. | |
| 1335 Add the '#' flag to 'cpoptions' if you want to ignore the count. | |
| 160 | 1336 |
| 166 | 1337 The ":cd" command fails if the current buffer is modified when the '.' |
| 1338 flag is present in 'cpoptions'. | |
| 1339 | |
| 1340 There is no ATTENTION message, the "A" flag is added to 'shortmess'. | |
| 1341 | |
| 1342 These are remarks about running the POSIX test suite: | |
| 1343 - vi test 33 sometimes fails for unknown reasons | |
| 1344 - vi test 250 fails; behavior will be changed in a new revision | |
| 1345 http://www.opengroup.org/austin/mailarchives/ag-review/msg01710.html | |
|
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Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1346 (link no longer works, perhaps it's now: |
|
7d8af31066c8
Updated runtime files and translations.
Bram Moolenaar <bram@vim.org>
parents:
2596
diff
changeset
|
1347 https://www.opengroup.org/sophocles/show_mail.tpl?CALLER=show_archive.tpl&source=L&listname=austin-review-l&id=1711) |
| 166 | 1348 - vi test 310 fails; exit code non-zero when any error occurred? |
| 1349 - ex test 24 fails because test is wrong. Changed between SUSv2 and SUSv3. | |
| 1350 - ex tests 47, 48, 49, 72, 73 fail because .exrc file isn't read in silent | |
| 1351 mode and $EXINIT isn't used. | |
| 1352 - ex tests 76, 78 fail because echo is used instead of printf. (fixed) | |
| 1353 Also: problem with \s not changed to space. | |
| 1354 - ex test 355 fails because 'window' isn't used for "30z". | |
| 1355 - ex test 368 fails because shell command isn't echoed in silent mode. | |
| 1356 - ex test 394 fails because "=" command output isn't visible in silent mode. | |
| 1357 - ex test 411 fails because test file is wrong, contains stray ':'. | |
| 1358 - ex test 475 and 476 fail because reprint output isn't visible in silent mode. | |
| 1359 - ex test 480 and 481 fail because the tags file has spaces instead of a tab. | |
| 1360 - ex test 502 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode. | |
| 1361 - ex test 509 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode. and exit code is | |
| 1362 1 instead of 2. | |
| 1363 - ex test 534 fails because .exrc isn't read in silent mode. | |
| 1364 | |
| 160 | 1365 |
| 14519 | 1366 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |